North Carolina Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018)
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 12
- Early voting: Oct. 17 - Nov. 3
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6
- Online registration: No
- Same-day registration: No
- Voter ID: No
- Poll times: 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
North Carolina Marsy's Law Amendment | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Election date November 6, 2018 | |
Topic Law enforcement | |
Status![]() | |
Type Constitutional amendment | Origin State legislature |
The North Carolina Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment was on the ballot in North Carolina as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on November 6, 2018.[1] It was approved.
A "yes" vote supported amending Section 37 of Article I of the North Carolina Constitution, a section addressing the rights of crime victims, with a version of a Marsy's Law. |
A "no" vote opposed amending Section 37 of Article I of the North Carolina Constitution, a section addressing the rights of crime victims, with a version of a Marsy's Law. |
This measure is part of a national effort to enact similar Marsy's Law amendments. Measures concerning Marsy's Law crime victim rights amendments were put on the ballot in six states for 2018 elections. Electors in all six states voted to approve the amendments. Read more about Marsy's Law here »
Election results
North Carolina Marsy's Law Amendment |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Result | Votes | Percentage | ||
2,267,210 | 62.13% | |||
No | 1,382,010 | 37.87% |
Overview
What rights did this amendment provide crime victims with?
The amendment, known as a Marsy's Law, provided crime victims with specific rights, upon request, including:
- to receive reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of court proceedings;
- to be reasonably heard at any court proceeding involving the plea, conviction, adjudication, sentencing, or release of the accused;
- to be present at any proceeding involving a plea, sentencing, parole, release of the defendant, and any proceeding in which the victim's rights are implicated, except for the defendant's initial appearance;
- to restitution in a reasonably timely manner, when ordered by the court;
- to receive information about the conviction, adjudication, or final disposition and sentence of the accused;
- to receive notification of escape, release, proposed parole or pardon of the accused; and
- to present the victim’s views and concerns to the governor or agency considering taking an action that could release the accused.[1]
What other states had a Marsy's Law?
Going into the election, six other states had ratified constitutional amendments known as Marsy's Law. The first was California in 2008, where voters approved the citizen-initiated Proposition 9. In 2014, the Illinois State Legislature became the first legislature to refer a Marsy's Law, which voters approved. Marsy's Law for All sponsored initiative campaigns in Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota in 2016 and Ohio in 2017. Henry Nicholas, the co-founder of Broadcom Corp., provided financial backing for the initiatives. Voters approved the four measures. As of 2018, a Marsy's Law measure had never been defeated at the ballot box. Contributions in support of the six Marsy's Law measures were an aggregate $29.7 million. In 2018, voters in Nevada, Oklahoma, Kentucky, and Georgia also considered Marsy's Law amendments. The amendment is named after Nicholas' sister, Marsy Nicholas, who was murdered in 1983.
Text of measure
Ballot title
The ballot title was as follows:[1]
“ |
[ ] For [ ] Against Constitutional amendment to strengthen protections for victims of crime, to establish certain, absolute basic rights for victims, and to ensure the enforcement of these rights.[2] |
” |
Ballot summary
The ballot summary was as follows:[3]
“ |
Changes to Current Victims’ Rights Amendment Currently, the North Carolina Constitution guarantees victims of certain crimes the following rights:
If this amendment is adopted, the Constitution would also guarantee victims the following rights:
Today, victims have legal rights if the crime was a major felony, certain domestic violence cases, or one of several other kinds of serious crimes. The amendment would expand the types of offenses that trigger victims’ rights to include all crimes against the person and felony property crimes. These rights would also apply in these cases if committed by juveniles. This amendment directs the Legislature to create a procedure, by motion to the court, for a victim to assert his or her rights. Nothing in this proposed amendment creates a claim against the State or allows the victim to challenge any decision the court makes. The defendant may not use failure to provide these rights as a ground for relief in any civil or criminal matter. The public fiscal note that accompanied this legislation estimates that these changes to our justice system will cost about $11 million per year. [2] |
” |
Constitutional changes
- See also: Article I, North Carolina Constitution
The measure amended Section 37 of Article I of the North Carolina Constitution. The following underlined text was added, and struck-through text was deleted:[1]
Note: Hover over the text and scroll to see the full text.
(1) Basic rights. Victims of crime, as prescribed by law, crime or acts of delinquency shall be treated with dignity and respect by the criminal justice system.
(1a) Enumerated rights. When the crime or act of delinquency is one against or involving the person of the victim or is equivalent to a felony property crime, the victim is entitled to the following basic rights:
- (a) The
right as prescribed by law to be informed of and to be present atupon request to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of court proceedings of the accused.
- (a1) The right upon request to be present at court proceedings of the accused.
- (b) The right to be reasonably heard at
sentencing of the accused in a manner prescribed by law, and at other times as prescribed by law or deemed appropriate by the court.any court proceeding involving the plea, conviction, adjudication, sentencing, or release of the accused.
- (c) The right
as prescribed by lawto receiverestitution.restitution in a reasonably timely manner, when ordered by the court.
- (d) The right
as prescribed by lawto be given information about thecrime,crime or act of delinquency, how the criminal justice system works, the rights of victims, and the availability of services for victims.
- (e) The right
as prescribed by lawupon request to receive information about the conviction, adjudication, or final disposition and sentence of the accused.
- (f) The right
as prescribed by lawupon request to receive notification of escape, release, proposed parole or pardon of the accused, or notice of a reprieve or commutation of the accused's sentence.
- (g) The right
as prescribed by lawto presenttheirthe victim's views and concerns to the Governor or agency considering any action that could result in the release of the accused, prior to such action becoming effective
- (h) The right
as prescribed by lawto confer with the prosecution.
(1b) Enforcement of rights. Except as otherwise provided herein, the General Assembly shall further provide, by general law, the procedure whereby a victim may assert the rights provided in this section. The victim or, if the victim is a minor, is legally incapacitated, or deceased, a family member, guardian, or legal custodian may assert the rights provided in this section. The procedure shall be by motion to the court of jurisdiction within the same criminal or juvenile proceeding giving rise to the rights. The victim, family member, guardian, or legal custodian have the right to counsel at this hearing but do not have the right to counsel provided by the State. If the matter involves an allegation that the district attorney failed to comply with the rights of a victim when obligated to so do by law, the victim must first afford the district attorney with jurisdiction over the criminal action an opportunity to resolve any issue in a timely manner.
(2) No money damages; other enforcement. claims. Nothing in this section shall be construed as creating a claim for money damages, or any cause of action, against the State, a county, a municipality, or any of the agencies, instrumentalities, or officers and employees thereof. The General Assembly may provide for other remedies to ensure adequate enforcement of this section.
(3) No ground for relief in criminal case. The failure or inability of any person to provide a right or service provided under this section may not be used by a defendant in a criminal case, an inmate, or any other accused as a ground for relief in any trial, appeal, postconviction litigation, habeas corpus, civil action, or any similar criminal or civil proceeding. Nothing in this section shall be construed to provide grounds for a victim (i) to appeal any decision made in a criminal or juvenile proceeding; (ii) to challenge any verdict, sentence, or adjudication; (iii) to participate as a party in any proceeding; or (iv) to obtain confidential juvenile records.
(4) No restriction of authority. Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict the power of the district attorney, or the inherent authority of the court.
(5) Implementation. The General Assembly may prescribe general laws to further define and implement this section.[2]
Readability score
- See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2018
Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The legislature and the NC Constitutional Amendments Publication Commission wrote the ballot language for this measure.
In 2018, for the 167 statewide measures on the ballot, the average ballot title or question was written at a level appropriate for those with between 19 and 20 years of U.S. formal education (graduate school-level of education), according to the FKGL formula. Read Ballotpedia's entire 2018 ballot language readability report here. |
Support
Marsy's Law for North Carolina led the campaign in support of the ballot measure.[4]
Supporters
- Former Gov. Pat McCrory (R)[5]
- U.S. Rep. Virginia Foxx (R-5)[6]
Arguments
Marsy's Law for North Carolina provided the following arguments in support of the amendment:[7]
“ |
Fact: The victims’ rights amendment is a North Carolina-specific law The law North Carolina voters are considering on November 6 is unique to North Carolina, debated and adapted after more than a year of consideration with input from a broad group of stakeholders including the Administrative Office of the Courts and law enforcement. While the amendment is part of a national victims’ rights movement known as Marsy’s Law that seeks to provide stronger rights in states that don’t already provide stronger rights for crime victims, the North Carolina law builds on technology and processes that are in place. This law will elevate victims’ rights to a needed constitutional level so that victims are guaranteed information related to their case, given opportunities to speak during the process and provided important notifications when their attackers are released from custody. Fact: The victims’ rights amendment is non-partisan Unfortunately, there has been misinformation about the victims’ amendment in various news and social media - even claiming that this law is grouped with the other amendments and affiliated with a political party. The fact is that it this amendment is independent from the others. It was debated thoroughly by elected officials in both political parties - for more than a year - before it passed the General Assembly in June with an overwhelmingly bipartisan vote of more than 150 yes votes from Democrats and Republicans. Only during campaign season have voters been told it is partisan - which is both untrue and misleading. Fact: The victims’ rights amendment will fill gaps in the current law to give victims of crime stronger rights they deserve This law is not redundant. There are gaps in current law that leave victims and their families uninformed, and in some cases - unprotected. The rights in law today can be unpredictable, and are not applied consistently in every county. Some victims will be kept informed by their DAs about cases, or notified by the state when their attacker is released, and some will not. It’s not guaranteed by law under current statute. Defendants already have rights protected in the constitution - meaning today in North Carolina, their rights carry stronger weight by law than even their own victims. Fact: This will not be a financial burden to the state The nonpartisan fiscal staff with the legislature provided a review that found this law to be a fraction of the cost that opponents are citing. Providing notification to victims about their case - including when the accused is released - is the primary cost associated with this law. It may cost some money to upgrade this notification technology, but most North Carolinians agree that victims and their families deserve to be informed, and given the peace of mind to know when their attacker is released from custody. Fact: No rights are taken away by this amendment; it simply elevates victims’ rights to co-equal status in the constitution as the accused This amendment takes nothing away from current constitutional rights criminal defendants have to access fair trials and due process. Any group suggesting the contrary is either misinformed or misleading voters. The Victims’ rights amendment team is committed to providing the facts surrounding this important campaign in the weeks leading to November 6. There is no issue more important this year in North Carolina than supporting stronger, guaranteed, constitutional level rights for victims of crime.[2] |
” |
Oppose
Opponents
Officials
- Gov. Roy Cooper (D)[8]
- Rep. Marcia Morey (D-30)[9]
Parties
Organizations
- American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina[10]
Arguments
- Rep. Marcia Morey (D-30) said, "There is no question we all want to ensure victims are treated fairly and respectfully. But we don’t need this amendment, as victim-right protection is already in our Constitution. A California billionaire is pushing the so-called “Marsy’s Law and padding the pockets of N.C. lobbyists and legislators to push it. District attorneys are elected to represent victims and the state. What victims don’t need is a duplication of existing laws; what they need is more money for restitution and counseling. Rather than spend the estimated $20 million annually, to grow the bureaucracy, let’s make funds available for these other necessary services."[9]
- Susanna Birdsong, senior policy counsel for the ACLU of North Carolina, stated, "In the United States, we are all innocent until proven guilty. Each one of us is guaranteed rights under the Constitution, which is meant to protect people from having those rights violated by the government — not from other individuals. Creating new requirements for court proceedings could threaten those rights for anyone who appears in court, such as the right to a speedy trial and competent legal representation, while also tying the hands of judges and giving them less flexibility in the courtroom. Anyone who has spent time in North Carolina courts knows full well how bad our backlog of cases already is. Marsy’s Law will likely make it worse."[11]
Campaign finance
Total campaign contributions: | |
Support: | $8,047,000.00 |
Opposition: | $9,266,902.46 |
There was one ballot measure committee registered in support of the measure—Marsy's Law for North Carolina, LLC. The committee had raised $8.05 million, which came from the Marsy's Law for All Foundation. The committee expended $7.88 million.[12]
By the People and Stop Deceptive Amendments were registered in opposition to the measure, as well as each of the other five amendments on the ballot in North Carolina. Therefore, the committees were raising and spending funds on each of the measures. Together, the committees had raised $9.27 million and expended $9.17 million.[12]
Support
|
|
Donors
The following were the donors who contributed to the support committee:[12]
Donor | Cash | In-kind | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Marsy's Law for All Foundation | $8,047,000.00 | $0.00 | $8,047,000.00 |
Opposition
|
|
Donors
The following were the top six donors who contributed to the opposition committees:[12]
Donor | Cash | In-kind | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Sixteen Thirty Fund | $3,500,000.00 | $0.00 | $3,500,000.00 |
State Engagement Fund | $1,650,000.00 | $3,680.25 | $1,650,000.00 |
NC Citizen’s For Protecting Our Schools | $775,000.00 | $0.00 | $775,000.00 |
America Votes | $750,000.00 | $9,549 | $759,549.00 |
Open Society Policy Center, Inc. | $500,000.00 | $0.00 | $500,000.00 |
National Education Association | $500,000.00 | $0.00 | $500,000.00 |
Methodology
To read Ballotpedia's methodology for covering ballot measure campaign finance information, click here.
Polls
- See also: 2018 ballot measure polls
North Carolina Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018) | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poll | Support | Oppose | Undecided | Margin of error | Sample size | ||||||||||||||
SurveyUSA October 2, 2018 - October 8, 2018 | 75.0% | 10.0% | 15.0% | +/-4.8 | 561 | ||||||||||||||
Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org. |
Background
Marsy's Law
- See also: Marsy's Law crime victim rights
Marsy's Law is a type of crime victims' rights legislation. Henry Nicholas, the co-founder of Broadcom Corp., started campaigning for Marsy's Law to increase the rights and privileges of victims in state constitutions. Marsy's Law is named after Nicholas' sister, Marsy Nicholas, who was murdered in 1983.
Henry Nicholas was the sponsor of the first Marsy's Law, which was on the ballot in California as Proposition 9 in 2008. He formed the national organization, Marsy's Law for All, in 2009.[13][14]
Ballotpedia identified $113.2 million in total contributions to the support campaigns for the 14 Marsy's Law ballot measures. Henry Nicholas and the organization Marsy's Law for All provided 91 percent—about 103.2 million—of the total contributions.
The following map shows the status of Marsy's Law ballot measures across the states:
California Proposition 9
Californians voted on Proposition 9 in 2008, which was the first ballot measure known as Marsy's Law. Proposition 9 required that victims and their families be notified during all aspects of the justice process, including bail, sentencing, and parole; and that authorities take a victim's safety into concern when assigning bail or conducting a parole review. Along with Henry Nicholas, Proposition 9 received support from Crime Victims United of California and the California Correctional Peace Officers Association. Proposition 9 faced opposition from the California Teachers Association, the SEIU California State Council, the California Democratic Party, and the California Federation of Teachers. Proposition 9 passed with about 54 percent of the vote and became a model for several subsequent Marsy's Law ballot measures across the United States.
Marsy's Law ballot measures
The first state to vote on Marsy's Law after California was Illinois in 2014. The constitutional amendment received 72.3 percent of the vote in Illinois.
Marsy's Law for All organized campaigns for ballot initiatives in three states in 2016—Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Voters in each state approved the ballot initiative. Montana's Marsy's Law was ruled unconstitutional in 2017 because the ballot initiative, according to the court, violated the state's separate-vote requirement for constitutional amendments.[15] In June 2018, the South Dakota Legislature asked voters to amend Marsy's Law via Amendment Y. Amendment Y, which was approved, was defined to narrow the definition of crime victim and require victims to opt-in to Marsy's Law's protections, rather than making those protections automatic. [16]
In 2017, Marsy's Law was on the ballot in Ohio as Issue 1 and received 82.6 percent of the vote.[17]
The number of Marsy's Law amendments in state constitutions doubled in 2018 from six to 12. The states that voted on Marsy's Law in 2018 were Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Nevada, North Carolina, and Oklahoma. Kentucky's Marsy's Law was ruled invalid in June 2019 because the language for the ballot measure, according to the court, did not meet constitutional requirements.[18]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly referred Marsy's Law to the ballot for the election on November 5, 2019. The Wisconsin State Legislature referred Marsy's Law to the ballot for the election on April 7, 2020.
The following table describes the outcome of votes on Marsy's Law ballot measures:
State | Measure | Year | Percent “Yes” | Percent “No” | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
California | Proposition 9 | 2008 | 53.84% | 46.16% | Approved |
Illinois | Amendment | 2014 | 78.45%[19] | 21.55%[19] | Approved |
Montana | Initiative 116 | 2016 | 66.09% | 33.91% | Approved (Overturned) |
North Dakota | Measure 3 | 2016 | 62.03% | 37.97% | Approved |
South Dakota | Amendment S | 2016 | 59.61% | 40.39% | Approved (Amended) |
Ohio | Issue 1 | 2017 | 82.59% | 17.41% | Approved |
Florida | Amendment 6 | 2018 | 61.61% | 38.39% | Approved |
Georgia | Amendment 4 | 2018 | 80.93% | 19.07% | Approved |
Kentucky | Amendment | 2018 | 62.81% | 37.19% | Approved (Overturned) |
Nevada | Question 1 | 2018 | 61.19% | 38.81% | Approved |
North Carolina | Amendment | 2018 | 62.13% | 37.87% | Approved |
Oklahoma | State Question 794 | 2018 | 78.01% | 21.99% | Approved |
Average | 66.44% | 33.56% |
Path to the ballot
- See also: Amending the North Carolina Constitution
In North Carolina, a constitutional amendment must be passed by a 60 percent vote in each house of the North Carolina Legislature during one legislative session.
The amendment was introduced into the legislature as House Bill 551 (HB 551) on April 4, 2017. The North Carolina House of Representatives approved the amendment, 98 to 17 with five members absent, on April 27, 2017.[20]
On June 25, 2018, the North Carolina Senate approved an amended version of HB 551 in a vote of 45 to one, with four members not voting. As the state Senate amended HB 551, a concurrence vote was required in the state House.[20]
The state House approved the amended HB 551 on June 26, 2018. The vote was 107 to nine, with four members not voting.[20] As the amendment was approved in both chambers, the measure was certified for the ballot.
|
|
How to cast a vote
- See also: Voting in North Carolina
Poll times
In North Carolina, polling places are open from 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time. Any voter who is standing in line at the time polls close must be permitted to vote.[21]
Registration requirements
- Check your voter registration status here.
To register to vote in North Carolina, each applicant must be a United States citizen, a resident of the county in which they are registering to vote for at least 30 days before the election, be at least 16 years old at the time of application and at least 18 years old by the time of the subsequent general election, and not be serving a felony sentence, including probation and parole [22][23] The North Carolina voter registration application is available online.
Voter registration applications can be completed online or submitted to the appropriate county board of elections. Applications must be submitted at least 25 days before the election, but voters can also register and vote on the same day during the early voting period, but not on Election Day.[24]
Voter registration services are also provided by the following agencies:[25]
- Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV)
- Division of Services for the Blind
- Division of Services for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
- Division of Health Benefits
- Division of Child and Family Well-Being/WIC
- Division of Social Services
- Division of Rehabilitation Services
- Division of Employment Security (DES)
- Division of State Operated Healthcare Facilities
Automatic registration
North Carolina does not practice automatic voter registration.[26]
Online registration
- See also: Online voter registration
North Carolina has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.[26]
Same-day registration
North Carolina allows same-day voter registration during the early voting period only.[27][28]
Residency requirements
Prospective voters must reside in the county in which they are registering to vote for at least 30 days before the election.
Verification of citizenship
North Carolina does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, a voter who fraudulently or falsely registers is guilty of a "Class I felony under Chapter 163 of the NC General Statutes."[29]
All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.[30] Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.
Verifying your registration
The North Carolina State Board of Elections allows residents to check their voter registration status online by visiting this website.
Voter ID requirements
North Carolina requires voters to present photo ID when voting.[31]
Note: According to the Board of Elections website, "On April 28, 2023, the North Carolina Supreme Court reversed an injunction against implementation of photo ID legislation. As a result, photo ID laws enacted in 2018 and 2019 will be implemented moving forward, starting with the municipal elections in September, October, and November 2023. A separate federal case challenging the same laws is pending, but no injunction against the laws exists in that case." The injunction was issued on December 16, 2022.[31]
The following documents were acceptable forms of identification as of May 2024:[32]
“ | Any of the following that is unexpired, or expired for one year or less:
Note: A voter 65 or older may use an expired form of acceptable ID if the ID was unexpired on their 65th birthday. Any of the following, regardless of whether the ID contains an expiration or issuance date:
|
” |
For a list of acceptable student and public employee IDs, click here.
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 North Carolina Legislature, "House Bill 551," accessed April 27, 2017
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ North Carolina Secretary of State, "Official Explanations for Amendments on the 2018 General Election," accessed September 17, 2018
- ↑ Facebook, "Marsy's Law for North Carolina," accessed June 26, 2018
- ↑ The Charlotte Observer, "N.C. supporters kick off $5 million campaign for a victims’ rights amendment," September 10, 2018
- ↑ The Stokes News, "Congresswoman Virginia Foxx Endorses NC Victims’ Rights Amendment," October 30, 2018
- ↑ Marsy's Law for North Carolina, "North Carolina Victims’ Rights Amendment Fact Guide for Voters," October 25, 2018
- ↑ The Virginian-Pilot, "Cooper: Voters should vote no on all 6 amendment questions," September 6, 2018
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Herald Sun, "Nix all six NC constitutional amendments on Election Day," October 4, 2018
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 U.S. News, "Amid Dems' Opposition, 'Marsy's Law' Group Launches Campaign," September 10, 2018
- ↑ Citizen Times, "Marsy’s Law is not the way to support crime victims in NC," October 18, 2018
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement, "Campaign Finance Report Search," accessed July 25, 2018
- ↑ The Dickinson Press, "California man donates $1M to N.D. Marsy’s Law supporters; 44,000 signatures submitted to get measure on ballot," May 10, 2016
- ↑ The Washington Times, "North Dakota opponents to speak out against Marsy's Law," June 23, 2016
- ↑ Montana Supreme Court, "Opinion and Order," November 1, 2017
- ↑ Argus Leader, "What's at stake as voters again consider victims' rights amendment," May 18, 2019
- ↑ Toledo Blade, "Victims’ initiative passed to DeWine," January 25, 2017
- ↑ Lexington Herald Leader, "Kentucky Supreme Court strikes down Marsy’s Law, says ballot wording was too vague," June 13, 2020
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 In Illinois, the amount of total votes in the overall election are used to determine whether a measure was approved or defeated. Using total votes, 72% voted 'yes', 20% voted 'no', and 8% did not vote on the measure. In order to compare and average results for Marsy's Law across states, 'yes' and 'no' percentages were calculated using total votes on the measure, rather than total votes in the election.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 General Assembly of North Carolina, "HB 551 History," accessed April 27, 2017
- ↑ Justia, "NC Gen Stat § 163-166.01 (2022) Hours for voting," accessed May 1, 2023
- ↑ North Carolina State Board of Elections, “Registering to Vote,” accessed October 7, 2024
- ↑ North Carolina State Board of Elections, “Who Can Register,” accessed October 7, 2024
- ↑ North Carolina State Board of Elections, “Register in Person During Early Voting,” accessed October 7, 2024
- ↑ North Carolina State Board of Elections, “National Voter Registration Act (NVRA),” accessed October 7, 2024
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 NCSL, "State Profiles: Elections," accessed August 30, 2024
- ↑ North Carolina State Board of Elections, “Register in Person During Early Voting,” accessed May 1, 2023
- ↑ Justia, “NC Gen Stat § 163-227.2 (2022),” accessed May 1, 2023
- ↑ North Carolina State Board of Elections, "North Carolina Voter Registration Application," accessed November 2, 2024
- ↑ Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 North Carolina State Board of Elections, "Voter ID," accessed May 1, 2023
- ↑ North Carolina State Board of Elections, “Voter ID,” accessed May 23, 2024
![]() |
State of North Carolina Raleigh (capital) |
---|---|
Elections |
What's on my ballot? | Elections in 2025 | How to vote | How to run for office | Ballot measures |
Government |
Who represents me? | U.S. President | U.S. Congress | Federal courts | State executives | State legislature | State and local courts | Counties | Cities | School districts | Public policy |