Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2022
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| Ohio's 11th Congressional District |
|---|
| Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
| Election details |
| Filing deadline: March 4, 2022 |
| Primary: May 3, 2022 General: November 8, 2022 Pre-election incumbent: Shontel Brown (D) |
| How to vote |
| Poll times: 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Voting in Ohio |
| Race ratings |
Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic Inside Elections: Solid Democratic Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic |
| Ballotpedia analysis |
| U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022 |
| See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th • 12th • 13th • 14th • 15th Ohio elections, 2022 U.S. Congress elections, 2022 U.S. Senate elections, 2022 U.S. House elections, 2022 |
All U.S. House districts, including the 11th Congressional District of Ohio, held elections in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. The primary was scheduled for May 3, 2022. The filing deadline was March 4, 2022.
Incumbent Marcia L. Fudge (D) resigned from her seat on March 10, 2021, to become the U.S. secretary of housing and urban development.[1] Shontel Brown (D) was elected to replace her in a special election on November 2, 2021.
The outcome of this race affected the partisan balance of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 118th Congress. All 435 House districts were up for election.
Republicans won a 222-213 majority in the U.S. House in 2022.
Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 78.3% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 20.7%.[2]
For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
- Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2022 (May 3 Republican primary)
- Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2022 (May 3 Democratic primary)
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Incumbent Shontel Brown defeated Eric Brewer in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Shontel Brown (D) | 77.8 | 167,722 | |
| Eric Brewer (R) | 22.2 | 47,988 | ||
| Total votes: 215,710 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Incumbent Shontel Brown defeated Nina Turner in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on May 3, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Shontel Brown | 66.3 | 44,841 | |
| Nina Turner | 33.7 | 22,830 | ||
| Total votes: 67,671 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Eric Brewer defeated James Hemphill in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on May 3, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Eric Brewer | 57.6 | 8,240 | |
James Hemphill ![]() | 42.4 | 6,062 | ||
| Total votes: 14,302 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.
Voting information
- See also: Voting in Ohio
Campaign finance
This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[3] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[4] Click here to view the reporting schedule for candidates for U.S. Congress in 2022.
| U.S. Congress campaign reporting schedule, 2022 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Report | Close of books | Filing deadline |
| Year-end 2021 | 12/31/2021 | 1/31/2022 |
| April quarterly | 3/31/2022 | 4/15/2022 |
| July quarterly | 6/30/2022 | 7/15/2022 |
| October quarterly | 9/30/2022 | 10/15/2022 |
| Pre-general | 10/19/2022 | 10/27/2022 |
| Post-general | 11/28/2022 | 12/08/2022 |
| Year-end 2022 | 12/31/2022 | 1/31/2023 |
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shontel Brown | Democratic Party | $4,695,917 | $4,322,102 | $373,815 | As of December 31, 2022 |
| Nina Turner | Democratic Party | $7,693,038 | $7,693,038 | $0 | As of December 12, 2022 |
| Eric Brewer | Republican Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
| James Hemphill | Republican Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
|
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2022. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
|||||
General election race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[5]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[6][7][8]
| Race ratings: Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2022 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| November 8, 2022 | November 1, 2022 | October 25, 2022 | October 18, 2022 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | Solid Democratic | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Democratic | Safe Democratic | Safe Democratic | Safe Democratic | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. | |||||||||
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Ohio in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Ohio, click here.
| Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2022 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
| Ohio | U.S. House | Major party | 50 | $85.00 | 2/2/2022 | Source |
| Ohio | U.S. House | Minor party | 25 | $85.00 | 2/2/2022 | Source |
| Ohio | U.S. House | Unaffiliated | 1% of the vote cast for governor in the district in the last election | $85.00 | 5/2/2022 | Source |
District analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.
- District map - A map of the district before and after redistricting.
- Effect of redistricting - How districts in the state changed as a result of redistricting following the 2020 census.
- Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2022 U.S. House elections in the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
- Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
- State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
District map
Below was the map in use at the time of the election, enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle, compared to the map in place before the election.
Ohio District 11
until January 2, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Ohio District 11
starting January 3, 2023
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Effect of redistricting
The table below details the results of the 2020 presidential election in each district at the time of the 2022 election and its political predecessor district.[9] This data was compiled by Daily Kos Elections.[10]
| 2020 presidential results by Congressional district, Ohio | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | 2022 district | Political predecessor district | ||
| Joe Biden |
Donald Trump |
Joe Biden |
Donald Trump | |
| Ohio's 1st | 53.5% | 45.0% | 47.7% | 50.9% |
| Ohio's 2nd | 26.7% | 72.0% | 42.9% | 55.6% |
| Ohio's 3rd | 71.1% | 27.4% | 70.0% | 28.4% |
| Ohio's 4th | 31.4% | 67.1% | 31.2% | 67.1% |
| Ohio's 5th | 35.8% | 62.6% | 36.7% | 61.6% |
| Ohio's 6th | 35.0% | 63.7% | 26.5% | 72.2% |
| Ohio's 7th | 44.8% | 54.0% | 42.2% | 56.5% |
| Ohio's 8th | 38.3% | 60.3% | 32.5% | 66.0% |
| Ohio's 9th | 47.7% | 50.6% | 58.8% | 39.7% |
| Ohio's 10th | 47.4% | 50.9% | 47.0% | 51.4% |
| Ohio's 11th | 78.3% | 20.7% | 79.8% | 19.2% |
| Ohio's 12th | 33.8% | 64.7% | 46.3% | 52.2% |
| Ohio's 13th | 50.7% | 47.9% | 51.0% | 47.6% |
| Ohio's 14th | 41.9% | 56.8% | 44.9% | 53.9% |
| Ohio's 15th | 45.8% | 52.6% | 42.2% | 56.3% |
Competitiveness
This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in Ohio.
Post-filing deadline analysis
The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in Ohio in 2022. Information below was calculated on April 6, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.
In 2022, 70 candidates filed to run for Ohio’s 15 U.S. House districts, including 39 Republicans, 29 Democrats, and two independents. That's 4.7 candidates per district, more than the 4.4 candidates per district in 2020 and fewer than the 5.5 in 2018.
This was the first candidate filing deadline under new district lines adopted as part of Ohio's decennial redistricting process. Ohio was apportioned 15 seats in the House of Representatives, one less than it received after the 2010 census. The Ohio Redistricting Commission approved a redrawn congressional map on March 2 in a 5-2 vote along party lines. On March 18, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction to overturn the map as part of the legal challenge that overturned the initial congressional map.
Two incumbents announced their departures from the House. Rep. Bob Gibbs (R) originally filed for re-election, but announced on April 6 that he would instead retire, though his name would remain on the ballot. Rep. Tim Ryan (D) chose to run for election to the U.S. Senate instead of seeking re-election. In the race to replace Ryan, seven candidates filed to seek the Republican nomination with the winner facing state Rep. and former House minority leader Emilia Sykes (D), who drew no primary challengers.
In all, candidate filings created 19 contested U.S. House primaries—10 Republicans and nine Democratic. Six incumbents seeking re-election drew no primary challengers. At the time of the filing deadline, all 15 districts were set to be contested in the general election with at least one Democrat and Republican filing in each.
Presidential elections
Partisan Voter Index
Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was D+28. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 28 percentage points more Democratic than the national average. This made Ohio's 11th the 26th most Democratic district nationally.[11]
2020 presidential election results
The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.
| 2020 presidential results in Ohio's 11th based on 2022 district lines | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joe Biden |
Donald Trump | |||
| 78.3% | 20.7% | |||
Presidential voting history
- See also: Presidential election in Ohio, 2020
Ohio presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 12 Democratic wins
- 19 Republican wins
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | R | R | R | D | R | R | D | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | D | D | R | R |
Demographics
The table below details demographic data in Ohio and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019.
| Demographic Data for Ohio | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ohio | United States | |
| Population | 11,799,448 | 331,449,281 |
| Land area (sq mi) | 40,858 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White | 80.5% | 70.4% |
| Black/African American | 12.4% | 12.6% |
| Asian | 2.3% | 5.6% |
| Native American | 0.2% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander | 0% | 0.2% |
| Other (single race) | 1.1% | 5.1% |
| Multiple | 3.6% | 5.2% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 3.9% | 18.2% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate | 90.8% | 88.5% |
| College graduation rate | 28.9% | 32.9% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income | $58,116 | $64,994 |
| Persons below poverty level | 13.6% | 12.8% |
| Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2020). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2015-2020). | ||
| **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
State party control
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Ohio's congressional delegation as of November 2022.
| Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Ohio, November 2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
| Democratic | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| Republican | 1 | 12 | 13 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 16 | 18 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Ohio's top four state executive offices as of November 2022.
| State executive officials in Ohio, November 2022 | |
|---|---|
| Office | Officeholder |
| Governor | |
| Lieutenant Governor | |
| Secretary of State | |
| Attorney General | |
State legislature
The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the Ohio General Assembly as of November 2022.
Ohio State Senate
| Party | As of November 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 8 | |
| Republican Party | 25 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 33 | |
Ohio House of Representatives
| Party | As of November 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 35 | |
| Republican Party | 64 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 99 | |
Trifecta control
As of November 2022, Ohio was a Republican trifecta, with majorities in both chambers of the state legislature and control of the governorship. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.
Ohio Party Control: 1992-2022
No Democratic trifectas • Twenty-four years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
District history
2020
See also: Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2020
Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2020 (April 28 Republican primary)
Ohio's 11th Congressional District election, 2020 (April 28 Democratic primary)
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Incumbent Marcia Fudge defeated Laverne Gore in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Marcia Fudge (D) | 80.1 | 242,098 | |
| Laverne Gore (R) | 19.9 | 60,323 | ||
| Total votes: 302,421 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Incumbent Marcia Fudge defeated Tariq Shabazz, Michael Hood, and James Jerome Bell in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on April 28, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Marcia Fudge | 90.5 | 70,379 | |
Tariq Shabazz ![]() | 3.6 | 2,813 | ||
Michael Hood ![]() | 3.4 | 2,641 | ||
James Jerome Bell ![]() | 2.5 | 1,963 | ||
| Total votes: 77,796 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Laverne Gore defeated Jonah Schulz and Shalira Taylor in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on April 28, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Laverne Gore | 47.3 | 4,589 | |
Jonah Schulz ![]() | 41.5 | 4,027 | ||
| Shalira Taylor | 11.2 | 1,083 | ||
| Total votes: 9,699 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Incumbent Marcia Fudge defeated Beverly Goldstein in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Marcia Fudge (D) | 82.2 | 206,138 | |
Beverly Goldstein (R) ![]() | 17.7 | 44,486 | ||
| Other/Write-in votes | 0.0 | 36 | ||
| Total votes: 250,660 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Incumbent Marcia Fudge advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Marcia Fudge | 100.0 | 65,905 | |
| Total votes: 65,905 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11
Beverly Goldstein defeated Gregory Dunham in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 11 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Beverly Goldstein ![]() | 52.5 | 7,017 | |
| Gregory Dunham | 47.5 | 6,336 | ||
| Total votes: 13,353 | ||||
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Marcia Fudge (D) defeated Beverly Goldstein (R) in the general election. Both ran unopposed in their respective primaries.[12]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 80.3% | 242,917 | ||
| Republican | Beverly Goldstein | 19.7% | 59,769 | |
| Total Votes | 302,686 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State | ||||
|
Primary candidates:[13] |
|
Democratic |
Republican |
2014
The 11th Congressional District of Ohio held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Marcia Fudge (D) defeated Mark Zetzer (R) in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 79.5% | 137,105 | ||
| Republican | Mark Zetzer | 20.5% | 35,461 | |
| Total Votes | 172,566 | |||
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State | ||||
May 6, 2014, primary results
|
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ C-Span, "Marcia Fudge Submits Resignation Letter to House," March 10, 2021
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
- ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Political predecessor districts are determined primarily based on incumbents and where each chose to seek re-election.
- ↑ Daily Kos Elections, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 presidential results by congressional district (old CDs vs. new CDs)," accessed May 12, 2022
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Ohio 2016 March Primary Candidate List," accessed March 11, 2016
- ↑ Candidates are listed by party and alphabetically within each party.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Ohio Secretary of State, "Ohio 2016 March Primary Candidate List," accessed March 11, 2016
= candidate completed the