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Ohio's 16th Congressional District election, 2020
- Election date: Nov. 3
- Registration deadline(s): Oct. 5
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: No
- Recount laws
- Early voting starts: Oct. 6
- Absentee/mail voting deadline(s): Nov. 2 (postmarked); Nov. 13 (received)
- Processing, counting, and challenging absentee/mail-in ballots
- Voter ID: Non-photo ID
- Poll times: 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
2022 →
← 2018
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Ohio's 16th Congressional District |
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Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
Election details |
Filing deadline: December 18, 2019 |
Primary: April 28, 2020 General: November 3, 2020 Pre-election incumbent: Anthony Gonzalez (Republican) |
How to vote |
Poll times: 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Voting in Ohio |
Race ratings |
Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
Ballotpedia analysis |
U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020 |
See also |
1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th • 5th • 6th • 7th • 8th • 9th • 10th • 11th • 12th • 13th • 14th • 15th • 16th Ohio elections, 2020 U.S. Congress elections, 2020 U.S. Senate elections, 2020 U.S. House elections, 2020 |
All U.S. congressional districts, including the 16th Congressional District of Ohio, held elections in 2020.
Incumbent Anthony Gonzalez won election in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 16.
Candidate filing deadline | Primary election | General election |
---|---|---|
Heading into the election the incumbent was Republican Anthony Gonzalez, who was first elected in 2018.
As of the 2010 redistricting cycle, Ohio's 16th Congressional District was located in the north-central portion of the state and included all of Wayne County and portions of Cuyahoga, Medina, Portage, Stark, and Summit counties.[1]
Post-election analysis
The table below compares the vote totals in the 2020 presidential election and 2020 U.S. House election for this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.
Election procedure changes in 2020
Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.
Ohio modified its absentee/mail-in voting procedures for the November 3, 2020, general election as follows:
- Absentee/mail-in voting: Absentee ballot applications could be submitted by fax or email for the general election.
For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 16
Incumbent Anthony Gonzalez defeated Aaron Godfrey in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 16 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Anthony Gonzalez (R) | 63.2 | 247,335 |
![]() | Aaron Godfrey (D) ![]() | 36.8 | 144,071 |
Total votes: 391,406 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16
Aaron Godfrey defeated Ronald Karpus in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16 on April 28, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Aaron Godfrey ![]() | 67.7 | 32,024 |
Ronald Karpus ![]() | 32.3 | 15,244 |
Total votes: 47,268 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16
Incumbent Anthony Gonzalez advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16 on April 28, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Anthony Gonzalez | 100.0 | 43,026 |
Total votes: 43,026 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
Nine of 88 Ohio counties—10.2 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | Trump margin of victory in 2016 | Obama margin of victory in 2012 | Obama margin of victory in 2008 | ||||
Ashtabula County, Ohio | 18.80% | 12.78% | 13.54% | ||||
Erie County, Ohio | 9.48% | 12.29% | 13.86% | ||||
Montgomery County, Ohio | 0.73% | 4.62% | 6.22% | ||||
Ottawa County, Ohio | 19.51% | 4.30% | 6.24% | ||||
Portage County, Ohio | 9.87% | 5.52% | 8.99% | ||||
Sandusky County, Ohio | 22.58% | 2.71% | 4.64% | ||||
Stark County, Ohio | 17.17% | 0.47% | 5.46% | ||||
Trumbull County, Ohio | 6.22% | 23.00% | 22.43% | ||||
Wood County, Ohio | 7.99% | 4.84% | 7.13% |
In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Ohio with 51.7 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 43.6 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Ohio cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 93.3 percent of the time (28 out of 30 elections), more than any other state in the country. In that same time frame, Ohio supported Republican candidates for president more often than Democratic candidates, 60 to 40 percent. Between 2000 and 2016, Ohio voted for the winning presidential candidate in every election.
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Ohio. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[2][3]
In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 39 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 35.7 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 33 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 34 points. Clinton won seven districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 60 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 17.4 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 66 out of 99 state House districts in Ohio with an average margin of victory of 28.3 points. Trump won seven districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections. |
2016 presidential results by state House district | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
1 | 38.79% | 59.24% | R+20.5 | 30.29% | 65.04% | R+34.7 | R |
2 | 39.31% | 58.68% | R+19.4 | 29.22% | 66.46% | R+37.2 | R |
3 | 51.29% | 46.45% | D+4.8 | 42.61% | 50.69% | R+8.1 | R |
4 | 37.14% | 61.16% | R+24 | 29.02% | 66.54% | R+37.5 | R |
5 | 43.04% | 54.83% | R+11.8 | 26.99% | 68.78% | R+41.8 | R |
6 | 47.63% | 51.35% | R+3.7 | 49.34% | 47.10% | D+2.2 | R |
7 | 47.89% | 50.80% | R+2.9 | 43.80% | 52.04% | R+8.2 | R |
8 | 81.58% | 17.75% | D+63.8 | 81.13% | 16.64% | D+64.5 | D |
9 | 85.23% | 14.11% | D+71.1 | 86.73% | 10.91% | D+75.8 | D |
10 | 89.62% | 9.61% | D+80 | 85.79% | 11.52% | D+74.3 | D |
11 | 88.72% | 10.64% | D+78.1 | 83.99% | 13.93% | D+70.1 | D |
12 | 84.03% | 15.46% | D+68.6 | 82.01% | 15.91% | D+66.1 | D |
13 | 76.21% | 22.24% | D+54 | 72.94% | 22.56% | D+50.4 | D |
14 | 63.03% | 35.54% | D+27.5 | 53.61% | 42.03% | D+11.6 | D |
15 | 59.18% | 39.28% | D+19.9 | 48.53% | 46.89% | D+1.6 | D |
16 | 49.37% | 49.54% | R+0.2 | 50.78% | 45.09% | D+5.7 | R |
17 | 61.41% | 36.78% | D+24.6 | 53.34% | 41.75% | D+11.6 | D |
18 | 70.04% | 27.78% | D+42.3 | 73.61% | 20.76% | D+52.8 | D |
19 | 47.99% | 50.56% | R+2.6 | 51.84% | 42.94% | D+8.9 | R |
20 | 57.45% | 41.22% | D+16.2 | 54.13% | 41.35% | D+12.8 | D |
21 | 48.03% | 50.52% | R+2.5 | 54.17% | 40.64% | D+13.5 | R |
22 | 65.70% | 32.50% | D+33.2 | 67.15% | 27.74% | D+39.4 | D |
23 | 48.63% | 49.65% | R+1 | 44.07% | 50.55% | R+6.5 | R |
24 | 48.32% | 50.18% | R+1.9 | 52.82% | 42.02% | D+10.8 | R |
25 | 84.94% | 13.90% | D+71 | 82.21% | 14.45% | D+67.8 | D |
26 | 82.21% | 16.89% | D+65.3 | 78.59% | 18.45% | D+60.1 | D |
27 | 37.72% | 60.95% | R+23.2 | 44.19% | 50.48% | R+6.3 | R |
28 | 47.68% | 51.09% | R+3.4 | 49.74% | 45.54% | D+4.2 | R |
29 | 36.38% | 61.99% | R+25.6 | 32.63% | 63.29% | R+30.7 | R |
30 | 29.86% | 68.57% | R+38.7 | 29.47% | 65.80% | R+36.3 | R |
31 | 68.65% | 29.81% | D+38.8 | 69.01% | 26.01% | D+43 | D |
32 | 77.38% | 21.44% | D+55.9 | 76.98% | 19.40% | D+57.6 | D |
33 | 74.59% | 24.41% | D+50.2 | 74.33% | 22.24% | D+52.1 | D |
34 | 77.67% | 21.29% | D+56.4 | 74.56% | 22.10% | D+52.5 | D |
35 | 65.71% | 32.53% | D+33.2 | 54.68% | 40.82% | D+13.9 | D |
36 | 51.22% | 47.16% | D+4.1 | 43.84% | 51.40% | R+7.6 | R |
37 | 48.21% | 50.59% | R+2.4 | 48.22% | 47.58% | D+0.6 | R |
38 | 45.12% | 53.31% | R+8.2 | 39.47% | 56.20% | R+16.7 | R |
39 | 83.01% | 15.69% | D+67.3 | 77.40% | 18.70% | D+58.7 | D |
40 | 42.26% | 56.01% | R+13.7 | 37.44% | 58.22% | R+20.8 | R |
41 | 41.76% | 56.43% | R+14.7 | 41.26% | 53.19% | R+11.9 | R |
42 | 37.30% | 61.04% | R+23.7 | 34.78% | 60.50% | R+25.7 | R |
43 | 52.03% | 46.30% | D+5.7 | 44.83% | 51.71% | R+6.9 | R |
44 | 85.18% | 13.57% | D+71.6 | 78.27% | 17.63% | D+60.6 | D |
45 | 67.48% | 30.35% | D+37.1 | 54.70% | 38.87% | D+15.8 | D |
46 | 61.17% | 36.89% | D+24.3 | 51.98% | 42.46% | D+9.5 | D |
47 | 44.22% | 54.03% | R+9.8 | 39.17% | 55.41% | R+16.2 | R |
48 | 45.37% | 52.95% | R+7.6 | 38.85% | 56.51% | R+17.7 | R |
49 | 63.88% | 33.96% | D+29.9 | 50.58% | 44.46% | D+6.1 | D |
50 | 42.15% | 56.06% | R+13.9 | 32.22% | 63.32% | R+31.1 | R |
51 | 39.52% | 58.86% | R+19.3 | 34.67% | 60.85% | R+26.2 | R |
52 | 32.15% | 66.62% | R+34.5 | 34.41% | 61.10% | R+26.7 | R |
53 | 37.68% | 60.48% | R+22.8 | 31.90% | 64.04% | R+32.1 | R |
54 | 33.88% | 64.77% | R+30.9 | 35.15% | 59.94% | R+24.8 | R |
55 | 54.00% | 44.36% | D+9.6 | 46.06% | 49.11% | R+3 | R |
56 | 66.42% | 31.87% | D+34.5 | 56.04% | 39.48% | D+16.6 | D |
57 | 45.16% | 52.88% | R+7.7 | 33.67% | 61.31% | R+27.6 | R |
58 | 77.98% | 20.84% | D+57.1 | 63.99% | 32.77% | D+31.2 | D |
59 | 51.32% | 47.23% | D+4.1 | 39.03% | 57.44% | R+18.4 | D |
60 | 53.77% | 44.35% | D+9.4 | 43.53% | 51.59% | R+8.1 | D |
61 | 44.47% | 54.03% | R+9.6 | 37.08% | 58.60% | R+21.5 | R |
62 | 27.91% | 70.65% | R+42.7 | 24.13% | 71.55% | R+47.4 | R |
63 | 60.72% | 37.58% | D+23.1 | 44.17% | 51.91% | R+7.7 | D |
64 | 59.27% | 38.87% | D+20.4 | 44.19% | 51.55% | R+7.4 | D |
65 | 31.46% | 66.93% | R+35.5 | 28.92% | 66.19% | R+37.3 | R |
66 | 33.65% | 64.53% | R+30.9 | 23.17% | 73.04% | R+49.9 | R |
67 | 38.37% | 60.33% | R+22 | 39.82% | 55.21% | R+15.4 | R |
68 | 36.74% | 61.59% | R+24.9 | 34.19% | 61.06% | R+26.9 | R |
69 | 41.18% | 57.12% | R+15.9 | 35.30% | 60.15% | R+24.9 | R |
70 | 39.57% | 58.40% | R+18.8 | 28.98% | 66.22% | R+37.2 | R |
71 | 44.17% | 53.76% | R+9.6 | 36.24% | 58.84% | R+22.6 | R |
72 | 41.74% | 56.02% | R+14.3 | 26.53% | 69.18% | R+42.6 | R |
73 | 38.72% | 59.60% | R+20.9 | 37.58% | 56.86% | R+19.3 | R |
74 | 39.24% | 59.00% | R+19.8 | 29.26% | 66.33% | R+37.1 | R |
75 | 55.14% | 42.80% | D+12.3 | 45.12% | 49.88% | R+4.8 | D |
76 | 40.16% | 58.30% | R+18.1 | 36.58% | 59.26% | R+22.7 | R |
77 | 42.94% | 55.55% | R+12.6 | 36.83% | 58.45% | R+21.6 | R |
78 | 43.27% | 54.75% | R+11.5 | 27.72% | 67.97% | R+40.3 | R |
79 | 50.25% | 48.15% | D+2.1 | 39.71% | 55.79% | R+16.1 | R |
80 | 30.58% | 67.60% | R+37 | 23.49% | 72.12% | R+48.6 | R |
81 | 36.13% | 61.79% | R+25.7 | 23.47% | 71.04% | R+47.6 | R |
82 | 35.40% | 62.61% | R+27.2 | 23.64% | 71.47% | R+47.8 | R |
83 | 35.44% | 62.41% | R+27 | 25.53% | 68.92% | R+43.4 | R |
84 | 22.84% | 75.48% | R+52.6 | 15.84% | 80.56% | R+64.7 | R |
85 | 34.91% | 63.23% | R+28.3 | 23.23% | 72.46% | R+49.2 | R |
86 | 40.44% | 57.59% | R+17.2 | 29.69% | 64.99% | R+35.3 | R |
87 | 37.79% | 59.89% | R+22.1 | 23.50% | 71.42% | R+47.9 | R |
88 | 48.08% | 49.40% | R+1.3 | 33.72% | 59.59% | R+25.9 | R |
89 | 53.82% | 44.44% | D+9.4 | 40.79% | 54.12% | R+13.3 | R |
90 | 45.61% | 52.45% | R+6.8 | 28.10% | 68.50% | R+40.4 | R |
91 | 37.47% | 60.53% | R+23.1 | 23.48% | 72.83% | R+49.3 | R |
92 | 44.40% | 54.02% | R+9.6 | 30.49% | 65.30% | R+34.8 | R |
93 | 38.50% | 59.36% | R+20.9 | 22.81% | 73.57% | R+50.8 | R |
94 | 52.86% | 44.54% | D+8.3 | 41.52% | 53.47% | R+12 | R |
95 | 39.50% | 58.11% | R+18.6 | 24.30% | 71.52% | R+47.2 | R |
96 | 47.46% | 50.40% | R+2.9 | 29.81% | 66.31% | R+36.5 | D |
97 | 45.24% | 52.60% | R+7.4 | 29.04% | 66.33% | R+37.3 | R |
98 | 40.54% | 57.23% | R+16.7 | 27.38% | 67.61% | R+40.2 | R |
99 | 52.60% | 45.25% | D+7.4 | 37.09% | 58.30% | R+21.2 | D |
Total | 50.67% | 47.69% | D+3 | 43.69% | 51.84% | R+8.2 | - |
Source: Daily Kos |
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+8, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 8 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Ohio's 16th Congressional District the 161st most Republican nationally.[4]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.10. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.10 points toward that party.[5]
Campaign finance
This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[6] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[7] The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthony Gonzalez | Republican Party | $2,393,597 | $1,895,208 | $564,935 | As of December 31, 2020 |
Aaron Godfrey | Democratic Party | $60,294 | $60,430 | $476 | As of December 31, 2020 |
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2020. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[8]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[9][10][11]
Race ratings: Ohio's 16th Congressional District election, 2020 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
November 3, 2020 | October 27, 2020 | October 20, 2020 | October 13, 2020 | ||||||
The Cook Political Report | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season. |
District election history
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Ohio District 16
Anthony Gonzalez defeated Susan Moran Palmer in the general election for U.S. House Ohio District 16 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Anthony Gonzalez (R) | 56.7 | 170,029 |
![]() | Susan Moran Palmer (D) | 43.3 | 129,681 |
Total votes: 299,710 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16
The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Susan Moran Palmer | 34.6 | 14,507 |
![]() | Grant Goodrich | 28.1 | 11,758 | |
![]() | TJ Mulloy | 15.5 | 6,511 | |
Mark Dent | 9.4 | 3,932 | ||
![]() | Aaron Godfrey | 7.9 | 3,313 | |
John Wilson | 4.5 | 1,876 |
Total votes: 41,897 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16
Anthony Gonzalez defeated Christina Hagan and Michael Grusenmeyer in the Republican primary for U.S. House Ohio District 16 on May 8, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Anthony Gonzalez | 53.1 | 34,327 |
![]() | Christina Hagan | 40.8 | 26,380 | |
Michael Grusenmeyer | 6.1 | 3,977 |
Total votes: 64,684 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Kit Seryak (R)
- Darrell Hartman (R)
- Thomas Patton (R)
2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Jim Renacci (R) defeated Keith Mundy (D) in the general election. Both candidates ran unopposed in their respective primaries.[12]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
65.3% | 225,794 | |
Democratic | Keith Mundy | 34.7% | 119,830 | |
Total Votes | 345,624 | |||
Source: Ohio Secretary of State |
2014
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
63.7% | 132,176 | |
Democratic | Pete Crossland | 36.3% | 75,199 | |
Total Votes | 207,375 | |||
Source: Ohio Secretary of State |
2012
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Betty Sutton | 48% | 170,600 | |
Republican | ![]() |
52% | 185,165 | |
Total Votes | 355,765 | |||
Source: Ohio Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" |
2010
On November 2, 2010, Jim Renacci won election to the United States House. He defeated John Boccieri (D), Jeffrey Blevins (L) and Robert Ross in the general election.[13]
See also
- United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio, 2020
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2020
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Ohio Redistricting Map, "Map," accessed August 9, 2012
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Ohio 2016 March Primary Candidate List," accessed March 11, 2016
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013