Help us improve in just 2 minutes—share your thoughts in our reader survey.
Pacific Legal Foundation
Pacific Legal Foundation | |
![]() | |
Basic facts | |
Location: | Sacramento, Calif., Palm Beach Gardens, Fla., Arlington, Va. |
Type: | 501(c)(3) |
Year founded: | 1973 |
Website: | Official website |
Budget | |
2024: | $25,562,157 (operating expenses) |
The Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. According to its website, it is "a nonprofit legal organization that defends Americans’ liberties when threatened by government overreach and abuse."[1][2]
Background
As of August 2025, PLF's website stated their goal is:[1]
“ | At PLF, we believe in individual liberty: that when people are free to live peacefully and productively, without interference by government, they improve themselves, their families, and their communities.[3] | ” |
Founded in 1973 by staff members for then-California Governor Ronald Reagan (R), PLF is "the first public interest law firm dedicated to the principles of individual rights and limited government," according to its website.[2]
PLF's litigation has focused on the following areas: property rights, equality and opportunity, and separation of powers, according to its website.[1] PLF has won 18 of its 20 Supreme Court cases, as of August 2025.[2]
Leadership
The table below lists the Pacific Legal Foundation's executive leadership as of August 2025.[4]
PLF executive leadership, August 2025 | |
---|---|
Name | Position |
Steven D. Anderson | President and chief executive officer |
James S. Burling | Vice president of legal affairs |
John M. Groen | Executive vice president and general counsel |
The table below lists the Pacific Legal Foundation's board of trustees as of August 2025.[5]
PLF board of trustees, August 2025 | |
---|---|
Name | Position |
Robert D. Connors | Chair |
George Kimball | Vice Chair |
Ross Borba | Member |
Amy Boulris | Member |
Brian G. Cartwright | Member |
Greg M. Evans | Member |
David Gerson | Member |
Carol Platt Liebau | Member |
April J. Morris | Member |
Bruce C. Smith | Member |
Charles W. Trainor | Member |
Ronald E. Van Buskirk | Member |
Jeffrey E. Warren | Member |
John Yoo | Member |
Work and activities
Supreme Court cases
The Pacific Legal Foundation's litigation before the U.S. Supreme Court includes the following direct representation cases:
- Sheetz v. County of El Dorado (2024)[6]
- Tyler v. Hennepin County (2023)[7]
- Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency (2023)[8]
- Wilkins v. United States (2023)[9]
- Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid (2021)[10]
- Pakdel v. City and County of San Francisco (2021)[11]
- Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania, et al (2019)[12]
- Weyerhaeuser/Markle v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2018)[13]
- Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky (2018)[14]
- National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense (2018)[15]
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co. (2016)[16]
- Murr v. Wisconsin (2016)[17]
- St. Johns River Water Management District v. Koontz (2013)[18]
- Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency (2012)[19]
- Rapanos v. United States (2006)[20]
- Palazzolo v. Rhode Island (2001)[20]
- Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (1997)[20]
- Keller v. State Bar of California(1990)[21]
- Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987)[20]
- Costle v. Pacific Legal Foundation (1980)[22]
Amicus brief activity
The Pacific Legal Foundation files amicus curiae briefs in U.S. courts to support what it describes as "limited government, property rights, free enterprise, and common sense in environmental regulations."[23]
The following table identifies U.S. Supreme Court cases in which the Pacific Legal Foundation filed amicus briefs from 2010 to 2025.[24][25]
Amicus briefs filed by the Pacific Legal Foundation in the U.S. Supreme Court, 2010-2025 | ||
---|---|---|
2025 | ||
| ||
2024 | ||
| ||
2023 | ||
| ||
2022 | ||
| ||
2021 | ||
| ||
2020 | ||
| ||
2019 | ||
| ||
2018 | ||
| ||
2017 | ||
| ||
2016 | ||
| ||
2015 | ||
| ||
2014 | ||
| ||
2013 | ||
| ||
2012 | ||
| ||
2011 | ||
| ||
2010 | ||
|
Notable endorsements
This section displays endorsements this organization made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope. Know of one we missed? Click here to let us know.
Finances
The table below shows the Pacific Legal Foundation's net assets for the 2011 through 2024 fiscal years.[26][27]
Assets for Pacific Legal Foundation, 2011 through 2024 | ||
---|---|---|
Tax year | Net assets (end of year) | |
2011 | $29,978,942 | |
2012 | $33,425,443 | |
2013 | $38,214,797 | |
2014 | $44,565,295 | |
2015 | $44,255,624 | |
2016 | $46,251,880 | |
2017 | $52,027,269 | |
2018 | $58,537,305 | |
2019 | $61,534,830 | |
2020 | $60,258,878 | |
2021 | $75,363,001 | |
2022 | $71,916,488 | |
2023 | $78,044,456 | |
2024 | $106,503,122 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year ending December 2024.[28]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2024 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $47,934,509 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $27,024,089 | |
Net income | $20,910,420 | |
Contributions | $44,192,403 | |
Program services revenue | $260,246 | |
Investment income | $3,393,415 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | $0 | |
Sales of assets | $483,591 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $0 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $2,796,341 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $0 | |
Other salaries and wages | $11,163,657 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $113,554,835 | |
Total Liabilities | $7,051,713 | |
Net Assets | $106,503,122 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2023.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2023 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $25,069,324 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $25,562,157 | |
Net income | -$492,833 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $21,771,790 | |
Program services | $1,128,139 | |
Investment income | $1,646,192 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | $0 | |
Sales of assets | $491,197 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $32,006 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $1,799,430 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $0 | |
Other salaries and wages | $12,349,932 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $85,220,260 | |
Total Liabilities | $7,175,804 | |
Net Assets | $78,044,456 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2022.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2022 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $28,245,541 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $20,203,674 | |
Net income | $8,041,867 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $26,374,951 | |
Program services | $126,573 | |
Investment income | $1,373,866 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | $0 | |
Sales of assets | $259,096 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $111,055 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $1,468,898 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $0 | |
Other salaries and wages | $10,364,211 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $76,776,179 | |
Total Liabilities | $4,859,691 | |
Net Assets | $71,916,488 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2021.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2021 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $18,386,652 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $17,088,511 | |
Net income | $1,298,141 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $16,892,254 | |
Program services | $329,224 | |
Investment income | $692,541 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | $0 | |
Sales of assets | $172,676 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $299,957 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $1,265,168 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $0 | |
Other salaries and wages | $9,044,684 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $79,792,141 | |
Total Liabilities | $4,429,140 | |
Net Assets | $75,363,001 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2020.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2020 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $16,552,123 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $16,476,681 | |
Net income | $75,442 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $13,762,161 | |
Program services | $416,400 | |
Investment income | $1,257,015 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | $0 | |
Sales of assets | $961,059 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $155,488 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $1,177,550 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $68,125 | |
Other salaries and wages | $8,504,442 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $64,175,752 | |
Total Liabilities | $3,916,874 | |
Net Assets | $60,258,878 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2019.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2019 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $18,427,010 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $15,441,226 | |
Net income | $2,985,784 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $13,608,144 | |
Program services | $700,180 | |
Investment income | $1,198,141 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | $0 | |
Sales of assets | $2,887,774 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $32,771 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $1,365,442 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $88,875 | |
Other salaries and wages | $0 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $65,165,262 | |
Total Liabilities | $3,630,432 | |
Net Assets | $61,534,830 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2018.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2018 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $13,803,393 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $6,780,401 | |
Net income | $7,022,992 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $13,337,074 | |
Program services | $469,566 | |
Investment income | $0 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$166,852 | |
Sales of assets | $148,623 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $14,982 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $321,683 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $53,064 | |
Other salaries and wages | $0 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $59,855,289 | |
Total Liabilities | $1,317,984 | |
Net Assets | $58,537,305 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2017.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2017 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $13,377,243 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $11,668,784 | |
Net income | $1,708,459 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $10,159,026 | |
Program services | $2,356,239 | |
Investment income | $709,586 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$85,382 | |
Sales of assets | $224,503 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $13,271 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $648,928 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $139,322 | |
Other salaries and wages | $6,276,187 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $53,327,855 | |
Total Liabilities | $1,300,586 | |
Net Assets | $52,027,269 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2016.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2016 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $10,778,138 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $10,583,155 | |
Net income | $194,983 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $9,783,403 | |
Program services | $167,147 | |
Investment income | $763,041 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$69,647 | |
Sales of assets | $94,095 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $40,099 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $592,852 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $138,215 | |
Other salaries and wages | $5,750,371 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $47,864,523 | |
Total Liabilities | $1,612,643 | |
Net Assets | $46,251,880 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2015.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2015 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $11,092,499 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $9,479,232 | |
Net income | $1,613,267 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $10,101,218 | |
Program services | $186,827 | |
Investment income | $839,090 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$80,412 | |
Sales of assets | $0 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $45,776 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $490,575 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $137,790 | |
Other salaries and wages | $4,921,515 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $46,568,452 | |
Total Liabilities | $2,312,82 | |
Net Assets | $44,255,624 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2014.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2014 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $15,941,662 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $8,299,598 | |
Net income | $7,642,064 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $12,965,856 | |
Program services | $194,174 | |
Investment income | $841,474 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$52,897 | |
Sales of assets | $1,989,538 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $3,517 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $483,302 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $131,684 | |
Other salaries and wages | $4,512,401 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $46,820,505 | |
Total Liabilities | $2,255,210 | |
Net Assets | $44,565,295 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2013.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2013 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $10,597,359 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $8,226,431 | |
Net income | $2,370,928 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $9,012,249 | |
Program services | $510,905 | |
Investment income | $798,295 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$71,533 | |
Sales of assets | $341,958 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $5,485 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $524,308 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $130,543 | |
Other salaries and wages | $4,282,034 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $40,213,807 | |
Total Liabilities | $1,999,010 | |
Net Assets | $38,214,797 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2012.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2012 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $9,436,205 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $7,932,363 | |
Net income | $1,503,842 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $8,715,408 | |
Program services | $9,725 | |
Investment income | $726,600 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$43,922 | |
Sales of assets | $0 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $28,394 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $532,015 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $135,888 | |
Other salaries and wages | $4,186,543 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $35,587,509 | |
Total Liabilities | $2,162,066 | |
Net Assets | $33,425,443 |
The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2011.[27]
Pacific Legal Foundation finances for fiscal year ending December 2011 | ||
---|---|---|
Type | Amount | |
Total Revenue | $14,064,780 | |
Total Functional Expenses | $8,038,664 | |
Net income | $6,026,116 | |
Revenue | ||
Contributions | $13,415,871 | |
Program services | $103,441 | |
Investment income | $596,032 | |
Bond proceeds | $0 | |
Royalties | $0 | |
Rental property income | $0 | |
Net fundraising | -$68,454 | |
Sales of assets | $0 | |
Net inventory sales | $0 | |
Other revenue | $17,890 | |
Expenses | ||
Executive compensation | $455,339 | |
Professional fundraising fees | $130,455 | |
Other salaries and wages | $4,190,838 | |
Other | ||
Total Assets | $31,901,170 | |
Total Liabilities | $1,922,228 | |
Net Assets | $29,978,942 |
Recent news
The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Pacific Legal Foundation. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.
See also
External links
- Pacific Legal Foundation - Official website
- Pacific Legal Foundation Facebook
- Pacific Legal Foundation Twitter
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pacific Legal Foundation, "About," accessed September 25, 2024 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "about" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court Victories," accessed August 11, 2025
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Staff," accessed September 20, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Board of Trustees," accessed August 11, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court rules against extortionate permit fees," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Victory! Supreme Court declares home equity theft unconstitutional," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court limits Clean Water Act abuse in victory for property owners," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Government bait-and-switch tramples on property rights and peace of mind," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court affirms property rights for California fruit growers," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Government can’t force tenants for life," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court affirms that property rights are among Americans' most important constitutional rights," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Government-sanctioned private land grabs over absent animals are illegal," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Victory for Free Speech! U.S. Supreme Court ruling protects political self-expression," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Unanimous U.S. Supreme Court victory for PLF and property rights," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Landowners win right to challenge wetland determinations in court," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "If the government enacts regulations after land is purchased that block the productive use of that land, the government has effected a regulatory taking and owes the property owner just compensation," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "There’s no “off site” exception to Fifth Amendment’s takings clause," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court limits Clean Water Act abuse in victory for property owners," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Pacific Legal Foundation, "At the Supreme Court, PLF defends the Sacketts’ right to appeal EPA dictates," January 9, 2012
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "PLF: 45 Years Fighting for Your Rights," March 1, 2018
- ↑ Justia.com, Costle v. Pacific Legal Foundation, accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "Issues and cases," accessed August 11, 2025
- ↑ Geoff Pallay, "Email communication Pacific Legal Foundation," November 15, 2020
- ↑ Geoff Pallay, "Email communication Pacific Legal Foundation," August 27, 2024
- ↑ Pacific Legal Foundation, "2018-2019 IRS Form 990," accessed August 11, 2025
- ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 ProPublica, "Pacific Legal Foundation," accessed August 11, 2025 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ ProPublica, "Pacific Legal Foundation," accessed August 11, 2025
|