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Pacific Legal Foundation

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Pacific Legal Foundation
PacificLegalFoundation.png
Basic facts
Location:Sacramento, Calif., Palm Beach Gardens, Fla., Arlington, Va.
Type:501(c)(3)
Year founded:1973
Website:Official website
Budget
2024:$25,562,157 (operating expenses)


The Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. According to its website, it is "a nonprofit legal organization that defends Americans’ liberties when threatened by government overreach and abuse."[1][2]

Background

As of August 2025, PLF's website stated their goal is:[1]

At PLF, we believe in individual liberty: that when people are free to live peacefully and productively, without interference by government, they improve themselves, their families, and their communities.[3]

Founded in 1973 by staff members for then-California Governor Ronald Reagan (R), PLF is "the first public interest law firm dedicated to the principles of individual rights and limited government," according to its website.[2]

PLF's litigation has focused on the following areas: property rights, equality and opportunity, and separation of powers, according to its website.[1] PLF has won 18 of its 20 Supreme Court cases, as of August 2025.[2]

Leadership

The table below lists the Pacific Legal Foundation's executive leadership as of August 2025.[4]

PLF executive leadership, August 2025
Name Position
Steven D. Anderson President and chief executive officer
James S. Burling Vice president of legal affairs
John M. Groen Executive vice president and general counsel

The table below lists the Pacific Legal Foundation's board of trustees as of August 2025.[5]

PLF board of trustees, August 2025
Name Position
Robert D. Connors Chair
George Kimball Vice Chair
Ross Borba Member
Amy Boulris Member
Brian G. Cartwright Member
Greg M. Evans Member
David Gerson Member
Carol Platt Liebau Member
April J. Morris Member
Bruce C. Smith Member
Charles W. Trainor Member
Ronald E. Van Buskirk Member
Jeffrey E. Warren Member
John Yoo Member

Work and activities

Supreme Court cases

The Pacific Legal Foundation's litigation before the U.S. Supreme Court includes the following direct representation cases:

Amicus brief activity

The Pacific Legal Foundation files amicus curiae briefs in U.S. courts to support what it describes as "limited government, property rights, free enterprise, and common sense in environmental regulations."[23]

The following table identifies U.S. Supreme Court cases in which the Pacific Legal Foundation filed amicus briefs from 2010 to 2025.[24][25]

Amicus briefs filed by the Pacific Legal Foundation in the U.S. Supreme Court, 2010-2025
2025
  • Pierre Riley v. Merrick Garland
  • Nuclear Regulatory Commission v. State of Texas
  • Harper v. O'Donnell
  • James Harper v. Daniel Wefel
  • Mendocino Railway v. Jack Ainsworth
  • Robert F. Kennedy Jr. v. Braidwood Management, Inc.
  • Federal Communications Commission v. Consumers' Research
  • Joseph A. Fortin v. Commissioner of Social Security
  • Kaley Chiles v. Patty Salazar
2024
  • Allstates Refractory Contractors, LLC v. Martin Walsh
  • Gloria Johnson v. City of Grants Pass
  • Sawtooth Mountain Ranch, LLC; Lynn Arnone; and David Boren v. United States Forest Service, et al.
  • PennyMac Loan Services, LLC v. Roosevelt Associates, RIGP
2023
  • Altagracia Sanchez v. Office of State Superintendent of Education
  • Halima Tariffa Culley v. City of Satsuma, Alabama Culley v. Alabama
  • Biden v. State of Nebraska
  • Price v. Garland
  • Pugin v. Garland
  • Mobilize the Message v. Bonta
  • Devillier v. State of Texas
  • George Sheetz v. County of El Dorado, California
  • David Demarest v. Town of Underhill
  • Halima Tariffa Culley v. City of Satsuma, Alabama Culley v. Alabama
  • Loper Bright Enterprises, Inc. v. Raimondo
  • Gloria Johnson v. City of Grants Pass
  • Devillier v. State of Texas
  • Corner Post v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
  • American Forest Resource Council v. Pendley
  • Murphy Co. et al. v. Biden et al.
2022
  • McDonald v. Firth
  • Walton v. Neskowin Regional Sanitary Authority
  • Walton v. Neskowin Regional Sanitary Authority
  • Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. UNC
  • Axon Enterprises, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission
  • Haaland v. Brackeen
  • National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
  • Security Exchange Commission v. Cochran
  • Pugin v. Garland
  • Tiwari v. Friedlander
  • Recht v. Morrisey
  • Loper Bright Enterprises, Inc. v. Raimondo
2021
  • Carr v. Saul
  • Caniglia v. Strom
  • Biden v. Sierra Club
  • Thompson v. Marietta Education Association
  • Thompson v. Marietta Education Association
  • Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta
  • Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.
  • Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College
  • Eychaner v. City of Chicago
  • Boardman v. Inslee
  • Crowe v. Oregon State Bar
  • Troesch v. CTU/Bennett v. AFSCME
  • American Hospital Association v. Becerra
  • City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Texas, Inc.
  • Harold Shurtleff v. City of Boston
  • Jayren Jakar Wynn v. United States
  • Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. UNC
  • Xiulu Ruan v. United States
  • Schell v. The Chief Justice and Justices of the Oklahoma Supreme Court
2020
  • Vugo v. City of New York
  • Reisman v. Associated Faculties of the University of Maine, et al.
  • Jarchow v. State Bar of Wisconsin
  • American Bankers Association v. National Credit Union Administration
  • Lech v. City of Greenwood Village
  • Baley v. United States
  • Fritz v. Washoe County, Nevada
  • Higginson v. Becerra
  • Szonyi v. Barr
  • Brnovich v. DNC
  • Bridge Aina Le‘a, LLC v. Land Use Commission
  • Collins v. Mnuchin
  • Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
  • Gibson v. SEC
  • U.S. v. Arthrex
2019
  • A1 Auto Inc. & 126 Self Storage Inc. v. Sullivan
  • Bierman, et al. v. Walz (Dayton), et al.
  • Kisor v. Wilkie
  • Int'l Assn of Machinists District 10 & Local Lodge 873 v. Allen
  • Illinois Liberty PAC v. Madigan
  • American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers v. O'Keefe
  • San Diego Municipal Employees Ass'n v. Superior Ct of S.D., et al.
  • Uradnik v. Inter Faculty Organization, et al.
  • Bohmker v. Oregon
  • Andrei Iancu v. Erik Brunetti
  • Riffey v. Pritzker
  • Espinoza v. Walborn\Pleadings
  • Waples Mobile Home Park v. Giron de Reyes
  • County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund - USSC - 18-260
  • Stahl York Avenue Co., LLC v. The City of NY, et al.
  • Miller v. Inslee
  • Branch v. Commonwealth Employment Relations Board
  • Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  • Aurelius Investment LLC v. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
  • Espinoza v. Walborn
  • Americans for Prosperity v. Harris
  • Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Christian
  • CTIA v. City of Berkeley
  • Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  • Fleck v. Wetch
2018
  • Scott Timber Co., v. Oregon Wild, et al.
  • Fleck v. Wetch
  • Hughes v. United States
  • CTIA v. City of Berkeley
  • Spivey v. United States
  • Raymond J. Lucia Cos., Inc. v. SEC
  • State of Washington v. USA
  • Contest Promotions v. CCSF
  • Surfrider Foundation v. Martins Beach 1 LLC, et al.
  • Gewaran Farming v. ALRB
  • Breckinridge Health Inc. v. Azar
  • Niang v. Carroll
  • Gundy v. United States
  • Nextel Communications of the Mid-Atlantic, Inc. v. Commw. of Pennsylvania
  • St. Bernard Port v. Violet Dock Port
  • Sturgeon v. Massica
  • Conagra v. Cal.
  • Timbs v. Indiana
  • County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund - USSC - 18-268
  • County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund- USSC -18-260
  • Delano Farms v. California Table Grape Commission
  • State National Bank of Big Spring v. Mnuchin
  • Leone v. County of Maui
  • St. Bernard Parish Government v. US
  • Utah Republican Party v. Cox
  • Klein v. Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries
  • Colony Cove Properties, LLC v. City of Carson
  • Manhattan Community Access Corporation v. Halleck
  • Minnesota Sands, LLC v. City of Winona, Minnesota
  • Tennessee Wine & Spirits Retailers Assn v. Zackary W. Blair
2017
  • Jarvis v. Cuomo
  • Gloucester County School Board v. Grimm
  • Nat'l Restaurant Ass'n v. Dep't of Labor
  • Bay Point Properties, LLC v. Mississippi Transportation Comm. et al.
  • Bloomingdale's Inc. v. Vitolo
  • Gunderson v. State of Indiana, et al.
  • American Municipal Power v. USEPA
  • Du Pont v. Smiley
  • Rothe Development, Inc. v. Dept. Of Defense & Small Business
  • Hill v. Service Employees International Union
  • Desert Water Agency v. Agua Caliente Band of Indians
  • Christie v. NCAA
  • South LaFourche Levee District v. Jarreau
  • Oil States Energy v. Greene's Energy Group
  • Beach Group Investments, LLC v. Fla. DEP
  • Berninger v FCC
  • Janus v. American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, Council 31, et al.
  • Brott et al. v United States
  • Renteria v. Cuellar
2016
  • Dunnet Bay Construction Company v. Hanning
  • Microsoft Corp. v. Baker
  • Google Inc. v. Pulaski & Middleman, LLC
  • Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia v. Pauley
  • ABM Industries v. Castro
  • Christie v. NCAA
  • Nelson v. Colorado
  • Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman
  • Lee v. Tam
2015
  • Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association
  • Atalese v. U.S. Legal Services Group
  • Rosebrock v. Mathis
  • Horne v. U.S. Dept. Agriculture
  • Abigail Fisher v. University of Texas
  • BP Exploration v. United States
  • DIRECTV, Inc. v. Imburgia
  • Spokeo v. Robins
  • Zaborowski v. MHN Government Services, Inc.
  • Hines v. Alldredge
  • Tyson Foods v. Bouaphakeo
  • Center for Competitive Politics v. Harris
  • Abigail Fisher v. University of Texas
  • Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association
  • Bear Valley Municipal Water Dist. v. Salaza
  • EELI v. Colorado Public Utilities Commission
  • Sturgeon v. Massica
  • Doyle v. Taxpayers for Public Education
  • Zaborowski v. MHN Government Services, Inc.
  • American Farm Bureau Federation v. EPA
2014
  • Sebelius v. Hobby Lobby Stores
  • Conestoga Wood Corp. v. Sebelius
  • Sonic-Calabasas A, Inc. v. Moreno
  • NCAA v. Governor of the State of New Jersey
  • Rocky Mountain Farmers Union v. Goldstene
  • Minority Television Project, Inc. v. FCC
  • Courtney v. Goltz
  • Drake’s Bay Oyster Company v. Salazar
  • Spokeo v. Robins
  • Texas Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs. v. Inclusive Communities Project
  • United States v. John Yates
  • North Carolina Board of Dental Examiners v. FTC
  • Pacific Shores Properties v. City of Newport Beach
  • Reed v. Town of Gilbert
  • Horne v. U.S. Dept. Agriculture
  • Alabama Legislative Black Caucus & Alabama
  • Iskanian v. CLS Transportation
  • Kurtz v. Verizon New York
  • Century Exploration New Orleans, LLC, et al v. U.S.F
  • Texas Dept of Housing & Comm Affairs v. Inclusive Commuties Project
  • Coons v. Lew
2013
  • Shelby County v. Holder
  • MI Civil Rights Initiative
  • Oxford Health Plans LLC v. Sutter
  • Hollingsworth v. Perry
  • Hage v. US
  • American Independence Mines Co. & Ivy Materials, Inc. v. USDAF
  • Butler v. Sears, Roebuck and Co.
  • Brandt v. United States
  • Toyota Motor Corp. v. Choi
  • MI Civil Rights Initiative
  • Mehaffy v. United States
  • Castille, et al v. St. Joseph’s Abbey, et al.
  • Township of Mount Holly v. Mt. Holly Gardens Citizens in Action
  • Blessing, et al. v. Sirius XM Radio, Inc.
  • MHC Financing, Ltd. v. City of San Rafael
  • Whirlpool Corp. v. Glazer
  • Southern Communications Services, Inc. v. Thomas
  • Brandt v. United States
  • Harris v. Quinn
  • State of Alaska v. Jewell
  • Mingo Logan Coal Co. v. EPA
  • Utility Air Regulatory Group, et al. v. EPA
2012
  • Harris v. Quinn
  • Marina Point v. CBD
  • States v. United States (Florida Suit)
  • Ticketmaster v. Stearns
  • New Haven v. Briscoe
  • Doe v. Lower Merion School District
  • Abigail Fisher v. University of Texas
  • CCA Associates v. United States
  • Bruner v. Whitman
  • Arkansas Game & Fish Commission v. United States
  • Vargas v. Salinas
  • Township of Mount Holly v. Mt. Holly Gardens Citizens in Action
  • Shelby County v. Holder
  • McReynolds v. Merrill Lynch
  • Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center
  • Whirlpool Corp. v. Glazer
  • The New 49'ers, Inc. v. Karuk Tribe
  • Samson v. City of Bainbridge
  • Spirit Airlines v. Dept. of Transportation
2011
  • Dukes v. Wal-Mart, Inc
  • Connecticut v. American Electric Power Co.
  • Nat'l Corn Growers Assn. v. EPA
  • IMS Health, Inc. v. Sorrell
  • Daniel Guggenheim, et al. v. City of Goleta
  • Public Lands Council v. WWP
  • First American Financial Corp. v. Edwards
  • Thomas More Law Ctr v. Obama
  • Knox v. SEIU
  • Alcoser v. Thomas
  • West Linn Corporate Park, L.L.C. v. City of West Linn, et al.
  • Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center
  • Corboy v. Louie
  • Abigail Fisher v. University of Texas
  • Locke v. Shore
  • States v. United States (Florida Suit)
  • Strawn v. Farmers Insurance Company of Oregon
  • States v. United States (Virginia)
  • Harmon v. Markus
  • Kansas City Premier Apartments, Inc. v. MO Real Estate Commission
  • AR Game & Fish Commission v. US
  • Magner v. Gallagher
2010
  • AT&T Mobility, LLC v. Concepcion
  • Jackson v. Rent-A-Center
  • Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
  • AZ Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn
  • Great County Black Sands Irrigation District v. USBR
  • Connecticut v. American Electric Power Co.
  • Dukes v. Wal-Mart, Inc.
  • Maunalua Bay Beach Ohana 28 v. State of Hawaii
  • Tuck-It-Away Inc. v. NY State Urban Dev. Corp
  • Nat'l Parks & Conservation Assn v. Bureau of Land Management
  • Philip Morris USA, Inc. v. Jackson

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this organization made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope. Know of one we missed? Click here to let us know.

Finances

The table below shows the Pacific Legal Foundation's net assets for the 2011 through 2024 fiscal years.[26][27]

Assets for Pacific Legal Foundation, 2011 through 2024
Tax year Net assets (end of year)
2011 $29,978,942
2012 $33,425,443
2013 $38,214,797
2014 $44,565,295
2015 $44,255,624
2016 $46,251,880
2017 $52,027,269
2018 $58,537,305
2019 $61,534,830
2020 $60,258,878
2021 $75,363,001
2022 $71,916,488
2023 $78,044,456
2024 $106,503,122

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year ending December 2024.[28]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2023.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2022.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2021.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2020.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2019.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2018.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2017.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2016.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2015.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2014.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2013.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2012.[27]

The table below shows financial information from the Pacific Legal Foundation's tax Form 990 for the fiscal year December 2011.[27]

Recent news

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Pacific Legal Foundation. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pacific Legal Foundation, "About," accessed September 25, 2024 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "about" defined multiple times with different content
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court Victories," accessed August 11, 2025
  3. Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  4. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Staff," accessed September 20, 2024
  5. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Board of Trustees," accessed August 11, 2024
  6. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court rules against extortionate permit fees," accessed September 25, 2024
  7. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Victory! Supreme Court declares home equity theft unconstitutional," accessed September 25, 2024
  8. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court limits Clean Water Act abuse in victory for property owners," accessed September 25, 2024
  9. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Government bait-and-switch tramples on property rights and peace of mind," accessed September 25, 2024
  10. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court affirms property rights for California fruit growers," accessed September 25, 2024
  11. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Government can’t force tenants for life," accessed September 25, 2024
  12. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court affirms that property rights are among Americans' most important constitutional rights," accessed September 25, 2024
  13. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Government-sanctioned private land grabs over absent animals are illegal," accessed September 25, 2024
  14. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Victory for Free Speech! U.S. Supreme Court ruling protects political self-expression," accessed September 25, 2024
  15. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Unanimous U.S. Supreme Court victory for PLF and property rights," accessed September 25, 2024
  16. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Landowners win right to challenge wetland determinations in court," accessed September 25, 2024
  17. Pacific Legal Foundation, "If the government enacts regulations after land is purchased that block the productive use of that land, the government has effected a regulatory taking and owes the property owner just compensation," accessed September 25, 2024
  18. Pacific Legal Foundation, "There’s no “off site” exception to Fifth Amendment’s takings clause," accessed September 25, 2024
  19. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Supreme Court limits Clean Water Act abuse in victory for property owners," accessed September 25, 2024
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Pacific Legal Foundation, "At the Supreme Court, PLF defends the Sacketts’ right to appeal EPA dictates," January 9, 2012
  21. Pacific Legal Foundation, "PLF: 45 Years Fighting for Your Rights," March 1, 2018
  22. Justia.com, Costle v. Pacific Legal Foundation, accessed September 25, 2024
  23. Pacific Legal Foundation, "Issues and cases," accessed August 11, 2025
  24. Geoff Pallay, "Email communication Pacific Legal Foundation," November 15, 2020
  25. Geoff Pallay, "Email communication Pacific Legal Foundation," August 27, 2024
  26. Pacific Legal Foundation, "2018-2019 IRS Form 990," accessed August 11, 2025
  27. 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 ProPublica, "Pacific Legal Foundation," accessed August 11, 2025 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pp" defined multiple times with different content
  28. ProPublica, "Pacific Legal Foundation," accessed August 11, 2025