Parents' Bill of Rights in education

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See also: Local school board authority across the 50 states

What is a Parental Bill of Rights in education?
A Parental Bill of Rights, also called a Parents' Bill of Rights, is a set of state laws that grant parents specific rights as they pertain to their children's education.

Why does it matter?
Twenty-six (26) states have adopted education-specific Parents' Bills of Rights. Each state law contains different provisions, levels of specificity, and constraints on schools or school policies. Statewide Parents' Bills of Rights can constrain a school board's authority over school policies, including parental notification requirements and required curriculum, among others.

What are the arguments?
Since Parents' Bills of Rights vary significantly, the arguments around them also vary.

Generally, proponents of statewide Parents' Bills of Rights argue that parents should have the right to direct the upbringing and education of their children, and that schools should notify and include parents in decisions related to their child's health or education.

Opponents of statewide Parents' Bills of Rights argue that though parents have rights related to making education decisions, students have the right to privacy, and that states should not adopt laws that violate those rights.

What's on this page?

• Background. This section explains the background of the movement toward states adopting Parental Bills of Rights in education.
• State-by-state analysis. This section provides an overview of which states have a Parents' Bill of Rights, including the text of each state statute.

Background

Though discussions around parental rights and involvement in public education have existed for decades, points of debate regarding which aspects of education parents should have control over have shifted over time. Since 2021, several states have passed Parents' Bills of Rights that typically include:

• curriculum transparency,
• access to student records,
• the ability to opt out of courses or specific instructional topics, and
• notification or consent rights.

State-by-state analysis

This section breaks down Parents' Bills of Rights across the United States, including an overview of which states have them and the text of state laws containing them.

• 26 states have enacted a statewide Parents' Bill of Rights
• 24 states have not enacted a Parents' Bill of Rights.

Trifecta analysis

State government trifecta is a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. The following map breaks down the states with Parents' Bills of Rights by trifecta status.

Text of each state's Parents' Bills of Rights

Twenty-six (26) states have Parents' Bills of Rights. Each contains different provisions and grants parents different rights. Click on the drop-down menu to view the text of each state's Parents' Bill of Rights.

Alabama

“ Relating to parental rights; to establish legislative findings relating to the fundamental rights of parents; and to provide that the government may not burden certain fundamental rights of parents. Section 1. (a) The Legislature finds and declares both of the following: (1) The Alabama Supreme Court and United States Supreme Court have recognized that parents have a fundamental right to direct the upbringing of their children. (2) The liberty protected by the due process clause includes the fundamental right of parents to direct the education, upbringing, care, and control of their children. (b) The government may not burden the fundamental right of parents to direct the education, upbringing, care, and control of their child unless the government demonstrates that the application of the burden is narrowly tailored to a compelling state interest and the government uses the least restrictive means possible to further that interest. (c) This section may not be construed as authorizing or allowing a parent to engage in child abuse or neglect. (d) This section shall only be construed as applying to disputes between parents and the government or third parties and does not modify the law as to disputes between parents. Section 2. This act shall become effective on the first day of the third month following its passage and approval by the Governor, or its otherwise becoming law. ”

Alaska

“ (a) A local school board shall, in consultation with parents, teachers, and school administrators, adopt policies to promote the involvement of parents in the school district's education program. The policies must include procedures (1) recognizing the authority of a parent and allowing a parent to object to and withdraw the child from a standards-based assessment or test required by the state; (2) recognizing the authority of a parent and allowing a parent to object to and withdraw the child from an activity, class, or program; (3) providing for parent notification not less than two weeks before any activity, class, or program that includes content involving human reproduction or sexual matters is provided to a child; (4) recognizing the authority of a parent and allowing a parent to withdraw the child from an activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test required by the state for a religious holiday, as defined by the parent; (5) providing a parent with an opportunity to review the content of an activity, class, performance standard, or program; (6) ensuring that, when a child is absent from an activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test required by the state under this section, the absence is not considered an unlawful absence under AS 14.30.020 if the child's parent withdrew the child from the activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test or gave permission for the child's absence. (b) The policies adopted under this section may not allow a parent categorically to object to or withdraw a child from all activities, classes, programs, or standards-based assessments or tests required by the state. The policies must require a parent to object each time the parent wishes to withdraw the child from an activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test required by the state. (c) Nothing in this section prohibits a school employee or volunteer from answering a question from a child about any topic. (d) In this section, (1) “child” means an unemancipated minor under 18 years of age; (2) “human reproduction or sexual matters” does not include curricula or materials for (A) sexual abuse and sexual assault awareness and prevention training required under AS 14.30.355; or (B) dating violence and abuse awareness and prevention training required under AS 14.30.356; (3) “local school board” has the meaning given in AS 14.03.290; (4) “parent” means the natural or adoptive parent of a child or a child's legal guardian; (5) “school district” has the meaning given in AS 14.30.350. ”

Arizona

“ A. All parental rights are reserved to a parent of a minor child without obstruction or interference from this state, any political subdivision of this state, any other governmental entity or any other institution, including: 1. The right to direct the education of the minor child. 2. All rights of parents identified in title 15,  1 including the right to access and review all records relating to the minor child. 3. The right to direct the upbringing of the minor child. 4. The right to direct the moral or religious training of the minor child. 5. The right to make health care decisions for the minor child, including rights pursuant to §§ 15-873, 36-2271 and 36-2272, unless otherwise prohibited by law. 6. The right to access and review all medical records of the minor child unless otherwise prohibited by law or the parent is the subject of an investigation of a crime committed against the minor child and a law enforcement official requests that the information not be released. 7. The right to consent in writing before a biometric scan of the minor child is made pursuant to § 15-109. 8. The right to consent in writing before any record of the minor child's blood or deoxyribonucleic acid is created, stored or shared, except as required by § 36-694, or before any genetic testing is conducted on the minor child pursuant to § 12-2803 unless authorized pursuant to § 13-610 or a court order. 9. The right to consent in writing before the state or any of its political subdivisions makes a video or voice recording of the minor child, unless the video or voice recording is made during or as a part of a court proceeding, by law enforcement officers during or as part of a law enforcement investigation, during or as part of an interview in a criminal or child safety services investigation or to be used solely for any of the following: (a) Safety demonstrations, including the maintenance of order and discipline in the common areas of a school or on pupil transportation vehicles. (b) A purpose related to a legitimate academic or extracurricular activity. (c) A purpose related to regular classroom instruction. (d) Security or surveillance of buildings or grounds. (e) A photo identification card. 10. The right to be notified promptly if an employee of this state, any political subdivision of this state, any other governmental entity or any other institution suspects that a criminal offense has been committed against the minor child by someone other than a parent, unless the incident has first been reported to law enforcement and notification of the parent would impede a law enforcement or child safety services investigation.  This paragraph does not create any new obligation for school districts and charter schools to report misconduct between students at school, such as fighting or aggressive play, that is routinely addressed as a student disciplinary matter by the school. 11. The right to obtain information about a child safety services investigation involving the parent pursuant to § 8-807. B. This section does not authorize or allow a parent to engage in conduct that is unlawful or to abuse or neglect a child in violation of the laws of this state.  This section does not prohibit courts, law enforcement officers or employees of a government agency responsible for child welfare from acting in their official capacity within the scope of their authority.  This section does not prohibit a court from issuing an order that is otherwise permitted by law. C. Any attempt to encourage or coerce a minor child to withhold information from the child's parent shall be grounds for discipline of an employee of this state, any political subdivision of this state or any other governmental entity, except for law enforcement personnel. D. Unless those rights have been legally waived or legally terminated, parents have inalienable rights that are more comprehensive than those listed in this section.  This chapter does not prescribe all rights of parents.  Unless otherwise required by law, the rights of parents of minor children shall not be limited or denied. E. For the purposes of this section, “parent” means the natural or adoptive parent or legal guardian of a minor child. ”

Colorado

“ (III) Parents have a fundamental right and responsibility to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and control of their children. The law has long presumed that parents act in the best interest of their children. ”

Florida

“ 1014.04 Parental rights.— (1) All parental rights are reserved to the parent of a minor child in this state without obstruction or interference from the state, any of its political subdivisions, any other governmental entity, or any other institution, including, but not limited to, all of the following rights of a parent of a minor child in this state: (a) The right to direct the education and care of his or her minor child. (b) The right to direct the upbringing and the moral or religious training of his or her minor child. (c) The right, pursuant to s. 1002.20(2)(b) and (6), to apply to enroll his or her minor child in a public school or, as an alternative to public education, a private school, including a religious school, a home education program, or other available options, as authorized by law. (d) The right, pursuant to s. 1002.20(13), to access and review all school records relating to his or her minor child. (e) The right to make health care decisions for his or her minor child, unless otherwise prohibited by law. (f) The right to access and review all medical records of his or her minor child, unless prohibited by law or if the parent is the subject of an investigation of a crime committed against the minor child and a law enforcement agency or official requests that the information not be released. (g) The right to consent in writing before a biometric scan of his or her minor child is made, shared, or stored. (h) The right to consent in writing before any record of his or her minor child’s blood or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is created, stored, or shared, except as required by general law or authorized pursuant to a court order. (i) The right to consent in writing before the state or any of its political subdivisions makes a video or voice recording of his or her minor child unless such recording is made during or as part of a court proceeding or is made as part of a forensic interview in a criminal or Department of Children and Families investigation or is to be used solely for the following purposes: 1. A safety demonstration, including the maintenance of order and discipline in the common areas of a school or on student transportation vehicles; 2. A purpose related to a legitimate academic or extracurricular activity; 3. A purpose related to regular classroom instructions; 4. Security or surveillance of buildings or grounds; or 5. A photo identification card. (j) The right to be notified promptly if an employee of the state, any of its political subdivisions, any other governmental entity, or any other institution suspects that a criminal offense has been committed against his or her minor child, unless the incident has first been reported to law enforcement or the Department of Children and Families and notifying the parent would impede the investigation. (2) This section does not: (a) Authorize a parent of a minor child in this state to engage in conduct that is unlawful or to abuse or neglect his or her minor child in violation of general law; (b) Condone, authorize, approve, or apply to a parental action or decision that would end life; (c) Prohibit a court of competent jurisdiction, law enforcement officer, or employees of a government agency that is responsible for child welfare from acting in his or her official capacity within the reasonable and prudent scope of his or her authority; or (d) Prohibit a court of competent jurisdiction from issuing an order that is otherwise permitted by law. (3) An employee of the state, any of its political subdivisions, or any other governmental entity who encourages or coerces, or attempts to encourage or coerce, a minor child to withhold information from his or her parent may be subject to disciplinary action. (4) A parent of a minor child in this state has inalienable rights that are more comprehensive than those listed in this section, unless such rights have been legally waived or terminated. This chapter does not prescribe all rights to a parent of a minor child in this state. Unless required by law, the rights of a parent of a minor child in this state may not be limited or denied. This chapter may not be construed to apply to a parental action or decision that would end life. ”

Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier (R) announced on April 29, 2025, the opening of an Office of Parental Rights within the attorney general's office. Learn more here.

Georgia

“ (a) This Code section shall be known and may be cited as the "Parents' Bill of Rights." (b) The General Assembly finds that it is a fundamental right of parents to direct the upbringing and education of their minor children. The General Assembly further finds that important information relating to a minor child should not be withheld, either inadvertently or purposefully, from his or her parent, including information relating to the minor child's education. (c) As used in this Code section, the term: (1) "Governing body" shall have the same meaning as provided in subsection (a) of Code Section 20-2-167.1. (2) "Instructional material" means instructional materials and content, as defined by the State Board of Education pursuant to Code Section 20-2-1010, and locally approved instructional materials and content, as defined in subsection (a) of Code Section 20-2-1017. (3) "Minor child" means a person who is less than 18 years of age and who has not been emancipated by operation of law or by court order pursuant to Code Section 15-11-727 or as otherwise provided by law. (4) "Parent" means a person who has legal authority to act on behalf of a minor child as a natural or adoptive parent or a legal guardian. (5) "Review period" means the first two weeks of each nine-week grading period of the school year; provided, however, that for schools that do not implement nine-week grading periods, the term 'review period' means the first two weeks of each grading period of the school year. (d) No state or local government entity, governing body, or any officer, employee, or agent thereof may infringe on the fundamental right of a parent to direct the upbringing and education of his or her minor child without demonstrating that such action is reasonable and necessary to achieve a compelling state interest and that such action is narrowly tailored and is not otherwise served by less restrictive means. (e) (1) All parental rights are reserved to the parent of a minor child in this state without obstruction or interference from a state or local government entity, governing body, or any officer, employee, or agent thereof, including, but not limited to: (A) The right to direct the upbringing and the moral or religious training of his or her minor child; (B) The right to review all instructional materials intended for use in the classroom of his or her minor child; (C) The right to apply to enroll his or her minor child in a public school or, as an alternative to public education, a private school, including a religious school, a home study program, or other available options, as authorized by law and subject to applicable enrollment requirements; (D) The right to access and review all records relating to his or her minor child, including, but not limited to, current grade reports and attendance records, unless otherwise prohibited by law; (E) The right to access information relating to promotion and retention policies and high school graduation requirements; (F) The right to provide written notice that photographs or video or voice recordings of his or her child are not permitted, subject to applicable public safety and security exceptions; and (G) (i) The right to request, in writing, from the local school superintendent or school principal the information provided for in this Code section. The local school superintendent or school principal shall produce such information for inspection within a reasonable amount of time not to exceed three business days of receipt of a request. In those instances where some, but not all, information requested is available for inspection within three business days, the local school superintendent or school principal shall make available within that period such information that is available for inspection. In any instance where some or all of such information is unavailable within three business days of receipt of the request, and such information exists, the local school superintendent or school principal shall, within such time period, provide the requester with a description of such information and a timeline for when the information will be available for inspection and shall provide the information or access thereto as soon as practicable but in no case later than 30 days of receipt of the request. (ii) If the local school superintendent or school principal denies a parent's request for information or does not provide existing responsive information within 30 days, the parent may appeal such denial or failure to respond to the governing body. The governing body must place such appeal on the agenda for its next public meeting. If it is too late for such appeal to appear on the next meeting's agenda, the appeal must be included on the agenda for the subsequent meeting. (iii) A parent aggrieved by the decision of the governing body may appeal such decision to the State Board of Education as provided in subsection (b) of Code Section 20-2-1160. (2) Unless such rights have been waived or terminated as provided by law, parents have inalienable rights that are more comprehensive than those listed in paragraph (1) of this subsection. This Code section does not prescribe all rights of parents. Unless otherwise required by law, the rights of a parent of a minor child shall not be limited or denied. (f) Each governing body shall, in consultation with parents, teachers, and administrators, develop and adopt a policy or regulation to promote parental involvement in the public schools. Such policy or regulation shall be posted on each governing body's public website, and a copy of such policy or regulation shall be available for review on site upon request by a parent. Such policy or regulation shall include: (1) Procedures for a parent to review records relating to his or her minor child; (2) (A) Procedures for a parent to learn about his or her minor child's courses of study, including, but not limited to, parental access to instructional materials intended for use in the classroom. Instructional materials intended for use in his or her minor child's classroom shall be made available for parental review during the review period. If such instructional materials are not made available by a school or local school system for review online, then they shall be made available for review on site upon a parent's request made during the review period. (B) Procedures for a parent to object to instructional materials intended for use in his or her minor child's classroom or recommended by his or her minor child's teacher; (3) Procedures for a parent to withdraw his or her minor child from the school's prescribed course of study in sex education if the parent provides a written objection to his or her minor child's participation. Such procedures must provide for a parent to be notified in advance of such course content so that he or she may withdraw his or her minor child from the course; and (4) Procedures for a parent to provide written notice that photographs or video or voice recordings of his or her child are not permitted, subject to applicable public safety and security exceptions. (g) This Code section does not and shall not be construed to: (1) Authorize a parent of a minor child in this state to engage in conduct that is unlawful or to abuse or neglect his or her minor child in violation of the law; (2) Prohibit a judge or officer of a court of competent jurisdiction, law enforcement officer, or any agent of a state or local government entity that is responsible for child welfare from acting in his or her official capacity within the reasonable and prudent scope of his or her authority; (3) Prohibit a court of competent jurisdiction from issuing an order that is otherwise permitted by law; or (4) Apply to a parental action or decision that would end life. (h) This Code section shall not be subject to waiver pursuant to Code Section 20-2-82 for a strategic waivers school system, Code Section 20-2-2063.2 for a charter system, Code Section 20-2-2065 for a charter school, or Code Section 20-2-244. OCGA § 20-2-786 ”

Idaho

“ (1) A student’s parent or guardian has the right to reasonable academic accommodation from the child’s public school. "Reasonable accommodation" means the school shall make its best effort to enable parents or guardians to exercise their rights without substantial impact to staff and resources, including employee working conditions, safety and supervision on school premises for school activities and the efficient allocation of expenditures, while balancing the parental rights of parents and guardians, the educational needs of other students, the academic and behavioral impacts to a classroom, a teacher’s workload and the assurance of the safe and efficient operations of the school. (2) School districts and the boards of directors of public charter schools, in consultation with parents, teachers and administrators, shall develop and adopt a policy to promote the involvement of parents and guardians of children enrolled in the schools within the school district or the charter school, including: (a) A plan for parent participation in the schools that is designed to improve parent and teacher cooperation in such areas as homework, attendance and discipline; (b) A process by which parents may learn about the course of study for their children and review learning materials, including the source of any supplemental educational materials; (c) A process by which parents who object to any learning material or activity on the basis that it harms the child or impairs the parents’ firmly held beliefs, values or principles may withdraw their child from the activity, class or program in which the material is used; (d) The public school’s responsibility for notifying a student’s parent or legal guardian regarding known changes in the student’s mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being; (e) The reinforcement of the fundamental rights and responsibilities of parents as primary stakeholders to make decisions regarding the upbringing and control of the parent’s child; and (f) A process for staff to encourage students to discuss issues related to the student’s well-being with the student’s parent or legal guardian and, if necessary, to facilitate discussion of the issues with the parent or legal guardian. (3) A policy shall not prohibit parents or legal guardians from accessing any of their children’s education and health records created, maintained, or used by the public school unless such documentation relates to physical abuse, abandonment, or neglect by the parent or legal guardian. Unless a timeline is otherwise delineated in a specific applicable state or federal law, records shall be provided to the parent or legal guardian within five (5) school days after a request to access such records is made. (4) A public school shall not adopt procedures, policies, or student support forms that prohibit public school personnel from notifying a parent or legal guardian about a student’s mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being or a change in related services or monitoring or that encourage or have the effect of encouraging a student to withhold from a parent or legal guardian such information. This subsection does not prohibit a public school from adopting procedures that permit public school personnel to withhold information from a parent or legal guardian if ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction. (5) At the start of the school year, each public school shall notify parents and legal guardians of health services offered or made available through the school or by private organizations, including preventative health and wellness services, screenings, medication administration, first aid and emergency care, and appropriate management of all health conditions with parental consent. Parental consent to any health or wellness service does not waive parents’ or legal guardians’ right to access their children’s educational or associated health records or to be notified about their children’s health status or monitoring as provided in this section. (6) A public school shall notify a student’s parent or legal guardian if a student has been or may be questioned by a school resource officer or other law enforcement official, unless the child is a victim or suspected victim of physical child abuse. School districts and public charter schools shall develop and adopt policies to ensure compliance with this subsection. (7) Before any public school employee administers any noncurricular-related student survey, well-being questionnaire, or health screening to any student, the employee must first obtain consent from the school’s superintendent or designee. If the content of any such survey, questionnaire, or screening regards an individual student’s sexuality, sex, religion, personal political beliefs, mental or psychological problems, personal family information, or individual or family financial information, the public school shall provide the survey, questionnaire, or screening form to the student’s parent or legal guardian in advance and obtain the permission of the parent or legal guardian. (8) A parent or legal guardian of a child enrolled in an Idaho public school shall have reasonable access to observe all school activities during school hours in which the child is enrolled, except for those who are otherwise legally prohibited. Observations of individual classrooms during instructional time shall be permitted with the principal’s and teacher’s pre-approval. Visits shall not be permitted if their occurrence, duration, frequency, or conduct on campus interferes with the delivery of instruction or disrupts the normal school environment. Nothing in this section shall prevent a reasonable denial of entry due to emergency or safety drills, situations outlined in school safety plans, an emergency lockdown, periods of statewide testing, school officials’ enforcement of the provisions of section 33-512, Idaho Code, or other specific situations enumerated by the school. (9) A parent or legal guardian whose rights, as provided by this section, are violated by a public school may file a complaint with the school. Public schools shall implement policies and procedures to accept, evaluate, and remedy complaints. (10) If a complaint is not satisfactorily remedied by the public school, a parent shall have a private cause of action for injunctive relief, damages, and any other relief available under law against the school. ”

Indiana

“

Article 42. Parental Rights and Responsibilities Chapter 1. Rights of Parents Sec. 1. This chapter applies to all statutes enacted by the general assembly unless a statute is exempted by reference to a specific statute within this chapter. Sec. 2. A governmental entity may not substantially burden a parent's fundamental right to direct the: (1) upbringing; (2) religious instruction; (3) education; or (4) health care; of the parent's child, unless the burden is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest in the least restrictive means of furthering the governmental interest. Sec. 3. (a) A governmental entity may not: (1) advise, direct, or coerce a child to withhold information from the child's parent; or (2) deny a child's parent access to information that: (A) is in the control of the governmental entity; (B) is requested by the child's parent; and (C) relates to the child's health care or social, emotional, and behavioral well-being. (b) This section does not apply if: (1) the parent's access to the requested information is prohibited by state law or a court order; or (2) a law enforcement officer requests that the information not be released because the parent is subject to an investigation for: (A) child abuse or neglect; or (B) other unlawful conduct; related to the child. Sec. 4. (a) Notwithstanding IC 34-13-3-3(a)(8), a parent may bring suit against a governmental entity for a violation of this chapter. (b) A parent may raise this chapter as a defense in a judicial or administrative proceeding brought against the parent by a governmental entity or a private entity. (c) A governmental entity that is a party to a civil judicial or administrative proceeding under this chapter has the burden of proof to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that it did not violate section 2 or 3 of this chapter. Sec. 5. Relief against the governmental entity may include any of the following: (1) Declaratory relief. (2) Injunctive relief. (3) Compensatory damages. (4) Reasonable attorney's fees and costs. Sec. 6. This chapter does not do any of the following: (1) Authorize a parent to: (A) commit child abuse or neglect as defined in IC 31-9-2-14(c); or (B) sue a judicial officer unless the judicial officer acts in clear absence of jurisdiction. (2) Prohibit a court from issuing an order that is otherwise permitted by law. (3) Prevent a person from asserting a defense or claim of immunity available by statute or at common law, including judicial immunity. (4) Apply to an act or omission by a parent to end the life of a child. Sec. 7. If a child does not have an affirmative right of access to a specific medical treatment, service, or procedure, then this chapter may not be construed to grant the parent a right to access that medical treatment, service, or procedure on behalf of the parent's child.

”

Iowa

“ 279.78 Parental rights in education. 1. As used in this section: a. “Gender identity” means the same as defined in section 216.2. b. “License” means the same as defined in section 256.145. c. “Practitioner” means the same as defined in section 256.145. 2. A school district shall not knowingly give false or misleading information to the parent or guardian of a student regarding the student’s gender identity or intention to transition to a gender that is different than the sex listed on a student’s official birth certificate or certificate issued upon adoption if the certificate was issued at or near the time of the student’s birth. 3. If a student enrolled in a school district requests an accommodation that is intended to affirm the student’s gender identity from a licensed practitioner employed by the school district, including a request that the licensed practitioner address the student using a name or pronoun that is different than the name or pronoun assigned to the student in the school district’s registration forms or records, the licensed practitioner shall report the student’s request to an administrator employed by the school district, and the administrator shall report the student’s request to the student’s parent or guardian. 4. If, after investigation, the department of education determines that a school district or an employee of a school district has violated this section, the school district or employee of the school district, as applicable, shall be subject to the following: a. For the first violation of this section, the department of education shall issue a written warning to the board of directors of the school district or the employee, as applicable. b. (1) For a second or subsequent violation of this section, if the department of education finds that a school district knowingly violated this section, the superintendent of the school district shall be subject to a hearing conducted by the board of educational examiners pursuant to section 256.146, subsection 13, which may result in disciplinary action. (2) For a second or subsequent violation of this section, if the department of education finds that an employee of the school district who holds a license, certificate, authorization, or statement of recognition issued by the board of educational examiners knowingly violated this section, the employee shall be subject to a hearing conducted by the board of educational examiners pursuant to section 256.146, subsection 13, which may result in disciplinary action. 5. The state board of education shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 17A to administer this section. ”

Kansas

“ (a) Nothing in this act shall be construed to: (1) Impair the fundamental right of every parent to control the care and custody of such parent's minor children, including, but not limited to, control over education, discipline, religious and moral instruction, health, medical care, welfare, place of habitation, counseling and psychological and emotional well-being of such minor children as set forth in the laws and constitution of the state of Kansas and of the United States; ... ”

Louisiana

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RS 17:406.9 - Parents' Bill of Rights for Public Schools A. The legislature finds all of the following: (1) That parental involvement is a significant factor in increasing student achievement. (2) That access to student information encourages greater parental involvement. B. Parents of public school children who have not reached the age of majority shall have all of the following rights: (1) To examine the textbooks, curriculum, and supplemental material used in their child's classroom. (2) To inspect their child's school records, and to receive a copy of their child's records within ten business days of submitting a written request, either electronically or on paper. Parents shall not be required to appear in person for the purposes of requesting or validating a request for their child's school records. There shall be no charge for a parent to receive such records electronically. Any charges for a paper copy of such records shall be reasonable and set forth in the official rules and regulations of the school governing authority. School records shall include all of the following: (a) Academic records, including but not limited to results of interim or benchmark assessments. (b) Medical or health records. (c) Records of any mental health counseling. (d) Records of any vocational counseling. (e) Records of discipline. (f) Records of attendance. (g) Records associated with a child's screening for learning challenges, exceptionalities, plans for an Individualized Education Program, or Individual Accommodation Plan. (h) Any other student-specific file, document, or other materials that are maintained by the school. (3) To be notified when medical services are being offered to their child, except where emergency medical treatment is required. In cases where emergency medical treatment is required, the parent shall be notified as soon as practicable after the treatment is rendered. (4) To be notified if a criminal action is deemed to have been committed against their child or by their child. (5) To be notified if law enforcement personnel question their child, except in cases where the parent has been accused of abusing or neglecting the child. (6) To be notified if their child is taken or removed from the school campus without parental permission. (7) That the school shall not discriminate against their child based upon the sincerely held religious beliefs of the child's family. (8) To receive written notice and the option to opt their child out of any surveys that include questions about any of the following: (a) The student's sexual experiences or attractions. (b) The student's family beliefs, morality, religion, or political affiliations. (c) Any mental health or psychological problems of the student or a family member. (9) To receive written notice and have the option to opt their child out of instruction on topics associated with sexual activity. (10) To receive from the school the annual school calendar, no later than thirty days prior to the beginning of the school year, and to be notified in writing as soon as feasible of any revisions to such calendar. Such calendar shall be posted to the school's website and shall include, at a minimum, student attendance days and any event that requires parent or student attendance outside of normal school days or hours. (11) To receive in writing each year or to view on the school's website a comprehensive listing of any required fee and its purpose and use and a description of how economic hardships may be addressed. (12) To receive in writing each year or to view on the school's website a description of the school's required uniform for students. (13) To be informed if their child's academic performance is such that it could threaten the child's ability to be promoted to the next grade level and to be offered an in-person meeting with the child's classroom teacher and school leader to discuss any resources or strategies available to support and encourage the child's academic improvement. (14) That the school shall not discriminate against their child by teaching the child that the child is currently or destined to be oppressed or to be an oppressor based on the child's race or national origin. C. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, a public school shall not be required to release any records or information regarding a student's medical or health records or mental health counseling records to a parent during the pendency of an investigation of child abuse or neglect conducted by any law enforcement agency or the Department of Children and Family Services where the parent is the target of the investigation, unless the parent has obtained a court order.

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Michigan

“ (1) In recognition of the rights of parents and legal guardians, the board of a school district, public school academy, university school, or intermediate school district shall ensure that a parent or legal guardian responsible for the care and custody of a pupil enrolled in the school district, public school academy, university school, or intermediate school district may do all of the following: (a) Review the curriculum, textbooks, and teaching materials of the school in which the pupil is enrolled at a reasonable time and place and in a reasonable manner. (b) Be present, to a reasonable degree, and at reasonable times and subject to reasonable restrictions, controls, and limits, to observe instructional activity in a class or course in which the pupil is enrolled and present. As used in this subdivision, "instructional activity" does not include testing. (2) The board of a school district, public school academy, university school, or intermediate school district may adopt reasonable policies or guidelines under this section. Those policies or guidelines shall not unreasonably prevent the exercise of the rights set forth in subsection (1) and shall not create an unreasonable obstacle to teaching or learning, or to administering or maintaining proper discipline, in a school or school program. If a board adopts policies or guidelines under this subsection, the board shall make the policies or guidelines available to the public. ”

Montana

“ 40-6-703. Parental involvement in education. (1) The board of trustees of a school district, in consultation with parents, teachers, and administrators, shall develop and adopt a policy to promote the involvement of parents of children enrolled in the school district, including: (a) a plan for parent participation in the school district, which must be designed to improve parent and teacher cooperation in homework, attendance, and discipline; (b) a plan to provide parents with information about how to participate in the governance of the school district through the locally elected board of trustees; (c) procedures by which a parent may learn about the course of study for the parent's child; (d) procedures by which a parent may withdraw the parent's child from instruction or presentations, assemblies, guest lectures, or other educational events facilitated by a school's faculty or staff, including those conducted by outside individuals or organizations, that offend the parent's beliefs or practices; (e) procedures by which a parent may learn about the nature and purpose of clubs and extracurricular activities that have been approved by the school or that the school is required to allow under the provisions of the federal Equal Access Act of 1984 and may withdraw the parent's child from any club or extracurricular activity. A student shall provide a signed parental permission form prior to participating in any school-sponsored club or extracurricular activity. (f) procedures by which a parent shall provide written consent before the parent's child uses a pronoun that does not align with the child's sex. If a parent provides written consent under this subsection (1)(f), a person may not be compelled to use pronouns that do not align with the child's sex. (g) procedures by which a parent may learn about parental rights and responsibilities under the laws of this state. (2) The board of trustees of a school district may adopt a policy providing that parents may submit and receive the information required by this section in electronic form. ”

Nevada

“ NRS 126.036 Liberty interest of parent in care, custody and management of parent’s child is fundamental right. 1.The liberty interest of a parent in the care, custody and management of the parent’s child is a fundamental right. 2.Nothing in this section shall be construed to: (a)Authorize a parent to engage in any unlawful conduct or to abuse or neglect a child in violation of the laws of this State. (b)Prohibit courts, law enforcement officers or employees of an agency which provides child welfare services from acting in their official capacity within the scope of their authority. 3.Except as otherwise provided by specific statute, the provisions of this section apply to any statute, local ordinance or regulation and the implementation of such statute, local ordinance or regulation regardless of whether such statute, local ordinance or regulation was adopted or effective before, on or after October 1, 2013. 4.As used in this section, “agency which provides child welfare services” has the meaning ascribed to it in NRS 432B.030. NRS 388D.010 - "Parent" defined. As used in NRS 388D.010 to 388D.060, inclusive, "parent" means the parent, custodial parent, legal guardian or other person in this State who has control or charge of a child and the legal right to direct the education of the child. ”

New Hampshire

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189-B:4 Parental Rights. I. All parental rights are reserved to the parents of a minor child in this state without obstruction or interference from any school. These rights include, but are not limited to, the right: (a) To direct the upbringing and the moral or religious training. (b) To direct the education, including the right to choose to enroll the minor child in an assigned resident public school, a public charter school, a non-public school, including a religious school, a home education program, or any other state-based education program, as authorized by law, as an alternative to public education, as set forth in RSA 193:1 and RSA 194-F:1, et seq. (c) To request that a minor child be enrolled in a public school other than the public school assigned to them by their residence to avoid a manifest educational hardship, as set forth in RSA 193:3. (d) To enroll his or her minor child in gifted or special education programs if the child qualifies for such programs. (e) To inquire of the school or school personnel and promptly receive accurate, truthful, and complete disclosure regarding any and all matters related to their minor child, unless an immediate answer cannot be provided when the initial request is made, in which case, the answer shall be provided no later than 10 business days after the request. (f) To be informed of the school’s policy regarding discipline policies and procedures, as set forth in RSA 193:13. (g) To obtain access for a minor child to public curricular courses and co-curricular programs offered by the local school district where the student resides while choosing to enroll their child in a non-public, public chartered, home education, or any other state-based education program, as set forth in RSA 193:1-c and RSA 194-F:2, II(d). (h) To inspect any instructional material used as part of the educational curriculum within a reasonable period following a request, as set forth in 20 U.S.C. section 1232h(c)(1)(C). (i) To opt out of health or sex education and any other objectionable material, as set forth in RSA 186:11, IX-b and IX-c. (j) To be advised of and have the right to opt the minor child out of any nonacademic survey or questionnaire. (k) To opt out of any district-level data collection relating to his or her minor child not required by federal or state law. (l) To exempt their public-school minor child from participating in required statewide assessments in English, language arts, mathematics, and/or science, as set forth in RSA 193-C:6. (m) To receive information regarding the level of achievement and academic growth of their minor child in the state academic assessments in English, language arts, mathematics, and/or science, as set forth in the Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. section 1112 (e)(1)(B)(i). (n) To receive a school report card and be informed of his or her minor child’s attendance requirements and compliance with such requirements. (o) To access and review all education records relating to their minor child within 10 business days after the day the school receives a request for access, as set forth in RSA 189:66, IV and 34 C.F.R. 99.5. (p) To consent in writing before the state or any of its political subdivisions, including, without limitation, any school pursuant also to the provisions of RSA 189:68, III-V, makes a video or voice recording, unless such recording is made during or as part of a court proceeding or part of a forensic interview in a criminal or other investigation by the bureau of child protective services or it is to be used solely for the purpose of a safety demonstration, including the maintenance of order and discipline in the common areas of a school or on student transportation vehicles. (q) To be notified whenever seclusion or restraint has been used on their minor child as set forth in RSA 126-U:7. (r) To access and review all medical records of their minor child maintained by a school or school personnel, unless otherwise prohibited by law. (s) To exempt their minor child from immunizations if, in the opinion of a physician, the immunization is detrimental to the child’s health or because of religious beliefs, as set forth in RSA 141-C:20-a and RSA 141-C:20-c. II. Federal law provides for additional parent and family involvement for schools that are receiving Title I, Part A; Title I, Part C (migrant); Title III, Part A (EL) funds, including: (a) The right to receive information, including student reports, in an understandable and uniform format and to the extent practicable, in a language that parents can understand, as set forth in 20 U.S.C. sections 1112(e)(4); 1114(b)(4); 1116(e)(5); and 1116(f). (b) Upon request of the parent, the right to receive information regarding state qualifications of the student’s classroom teachers and paraprofessionals providing services to their minor child, as set forth in 20 U.S.C. section 1112(e)(1)(A)(i-ii). (c) The right to receive an annual local educational agency report card that includes information on such agency as a whole and each school served by the agency, as set forth in 20 U.S.C. section 1111(h)(2)(A-B)(i-iii). 189-B:5 School Board Notifications on Parental Rights. I. Each school shall, in consultation with parents and school personnel, develop, adopt, and promulgate publicly a policy to promote parental involvement in the school. Such policy shall include: (a) A plan for parental participation in schools to improve parent and teacher cooperation in such areas as homework, school attendance, and discipline. (b) A procedure for a parent to learn about his or her minor child’s course of study, including the source of any supplemental education materials. (c) Procedures for a parent to object to instructional materials and other materials used in the classroom. Such objections may be based on beliefs regarding morality, sex, and religion or the belief that such materials are harmful. For purposes of this section, the term “instructional materials” shall include, without limitation, all materials used in the classroom, including workbooks and worksheets, handouts, software, applications, and any digital media made available to students. (d) Procedures for a parent to withdraw his or her child from any portion of the school district’s health education program that relates to sex education or instruction in acquired immune deficiency syndrome education or any instruction regarding sexuality if the parent provides a written objection to his or her minor child’s participation. Such procedures must provide for a parent to be notified in advance of such course content so that he or she may withdraw his or her child from those portions of the course. (e) Procedures for a parent to learn about the nature and purpose of clubs and activities offered at his or her minor child’s school, including those that are extracurricular or part of the school curriculum. (f) Procedures for a parent to learn about parental rights and responsibilities under law. II. Each school board shall publish the parental bill of rights as set forth in RSA 189-B:4, in their annual reports. Each school board shall also publish the parental bill of rights on their website and in their school handbook or similarly intended publication. III. A parent may request, in writing, from the district school superintendent, the information required under this section pursuant to RSA 91-A. 189-B:6 Exceptions. Nothing in this chapter shall: I. Authorize a parent of a minor child in this state to engage in conduct that is unlawful or to abuse or neglect his or her minor child in violation of law. II. Prohibit a court of competent jurisdiction, law enforcement officer, or employees of a government agency that is responsible for child welfare from acting in their official capacity. III. Require disclosure of information provided to any counselor, school psychologist, school nurse, or other certified health care provider where the information provided was reasonably expected to be privileged. 189-B:7 Violations. I. No school or school personnel shall infringe upon any of the parental rights set forth in RSA 189-B:4, unless the infringement is supported by clear and convincing evidence and is narrowly tailored to address the compelling state interest. II. Any parent claiming violation of any provision of this chapter may bring an action for declaratory or injunctive relief, or both, and monetary damages against the school. If a parent prevails in any such court action, the court shall award to the parent his or her reasonable attorneys’ fees and court costs, including any such attorneys’ fees and court costs incurred in an appeal to the supreme court. 189-B:8 Severability. If any provision of this chapter or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this chapter which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this chapter are severable. 189-B:9 Applicability. No provision of this chapter is meant to restrain or interfere with any state or local law enforcement agency investigations of criminal violations of New Hampshire law by a minor.

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North Carolina

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Article 29F. Parents' Bill of Rights. § 115C-407.70. Definitions. The following definitions apply in this Article: (1) Reserved for future codification purposes. (2) Child. – A person less than 18 years of age who has not been emancipated pursuant to Article 35 of Chapter 7B of the General Statutes. (3) Reserved for future codification purposes. (4) Reserved for future codification purposes. (5) Parent. – A person who has legal custody of a child, including a natural parent, adoptive parent, or legal guardian. (6) State. – The State, any of its political subdivisions, or any public school unit. §§ 115C-407.71 through 115C-407.72. Reserved for future codification purposes. § 115C-407.73. Parents' bill of rights. A parent has the right to the following: (1) To direct the education and care of his or her child. (2) To direct the upbringing and moral or religious training of his or her child. (3) To enroll his or her child in a public or nonpublic school and in any school choice options available to the parent for which the child is otherwise eligible by law in order to comply with compulsory attendance laws, as provided in Part 1 of Article 26 of this Chapter. (4) To access and review all education records, as authorized by the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1232g, relating to his or her child. (5) To make health care decisions for his or her child, unless otherwise provided by law, including Article 1A of Chapter 90 of the General Statutes. (6) To access and review all medical records of his or her child, as authorized by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), P.L. 104-191, as amended, except as follows: a. If the parent is the subject of an investigation of (i) a crime committed against the child under Chapter 14 of the General Statutes or (ii) an abuse and neglect complaint under Chapter 7B of the General Statutes and an individual authorized to conduct that investigation requests that the information not be released to the parent. b. When otherwise prohibited by law. (7) To prohibit the creation, sharing, or storage of a biometric scan of his or her child without the parent's prior written consent, except as authorized pursuant to a court order or otherwise required by law, including G.S. 7B-2102 and G.S. 7B-2201. (8) To prohibit the creation, sharing, or storage of his or her child's blood or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) without the parent's prior written consent, except as authorized pursuant to a court order or otherwise required by law, including G.S. 7B-2201. (9) To prohibit the creation by the State of a video or voice recording of his or her child without the parent's prior written consent, except a recording made in the following circumstances: a. During or as part of a court proceeding. b. As part of an investigation under Chapter 7B or Chapter 14 of the General Statutes. c. When the recording will be used solely for any of the following purposes: 1. A safety demonstration, including one related to security and discipline on educational property. 2. An academic or extracurricular activity. 3. Classroom instruction. 4. Photo identification cards. 5. Security or surveillance of buildings or grounds. (10) To be promptly notified if an employee of the State suspects that a criminal offense has been committed against his or her child, unless the incident has first been reported to law enforcement or the county child welfare agency, and notification of the parent would impede the investigation. §§ 115C-407.74 through 115C-407.75. Reserved for future codification purposes. § 115C-407.76. Limitations on the right to parent. (a) The requirements of this Article do not authorize a parent to do any of the following: (1) Engage in unlawful conduct. (2) Abuse or neglect the child, as defined in Chapter 7B of the General Statutes. (b) The requirements of this Article do not prohibit the following: (1) A State official or employee from acting in his or her official capacity within the reasonable and prudent scope of his or her authority. (2) A court of competent jurisdiction from acting in its official capacity within the reasonable and prudent scope of its authority or issuing an order otherwise permitted by law. §§ 115C-407.77 through 115C-407.78. Reserved for future codification purposes. § 115C-407.79. Employee penalties. An employee of the State who encourages, coerces, or attempts to encourage or coerce a child to withhold information from his or her parent may be subject to disciplinary action. § 115C-76.25. Parent legal rights for their child's education. (a) Parents have legal rights with regards to their child's education, including the following: (1) The right to consent or withhold consent for participation in reproductive health and safety education programs, consistent with the requirements of G.S. 115C-81.30. (2) The right to seek a medical or religious exemption from immunization requirements, consistent with the requirements of G.S. 130A-156 and G.S. 130A-157. (3) The right to review statewide standardized assessment results as part of the State report card. (4) The right to request an evaluation of their child for an academically or intellectually gifted program, or for identification as a child with a disability, as provided in Article 9 of this Chapter. (5) The right to inspect and purchase public school unit textbooks and other supplementary instructional materials, as provided in Part 3 of Article 8 of this Chapter. (6) The right to access information relating to the unit's policies for promotion or retention, including high school graduation requirements. (7) The right to receive student report cards on a regular basis that clearly depict and grade the student's academic performance in each class or course, the student's conduct, and the student's attendance. (8) The right to access information relating to the State public education system, State standards, report card requirements, attendance requirements, and textbook requirements. (9) The right to participate in parent-teacher organizations. (10) The right to opt in to certain data collection for their child, as provided in Part 5 of this Article and Article 29 of this Chapter. (11) The right for students to participate in protected student information surveys only with parental consent, as provided in Part 5 of this Article. (12) The right to review all available records of materials their child has borrowed from a school library. (b) Public school units shall (i) allow parents to exercise these rights and (ii) make the rights contained in this section available to parents electronically or by displaying the information on the website of the public school unit.

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North Dakota

“ Parent's interest in child's upbringing. 1. As used in this section, a "parent" means parent or legal guardian not including a school or other institution serving in loco parents. 2. It is the public policy of the state that: a. A parent retains the right and duty to exercise primary control over the care, supervision, upbringing, and education of the parent's child; b. A child has the right to protection from abuse and neglect; and c. The state retains a compelling interest in preventing, assessing, investigating, addressing, and prosecuting abuse and neglect. 3. This section may not be interpreted to supersede chapters 27 - 20.1, 27 - 20.2, 27 - 20.3, and 27 - 20.4. ”

Ohio

“ Sec. 3313.473. (A) The general assembly maintains that a parent has a fundamental right to make decisions concerning the upbringing, education, and care of the parent's child. (B) Not later than the first day of July following the effective date of this section, the board of education of each city, local, exempted village, and joint vocational school district shall develop and adopt a policy to promote parental involvement in the public school system. The policy shall require a school district to do all of the following: (1)(a) Ensure that any sexuality content is age-appropriate and developmentally appropriate for the age of the student receiving the instruction, regardless of the age or grade level of the student. (b) Prior to providing instruction that includes sexuality content or permitting a third party to provide such instruction on behalf of the district, provide parents the opportunity to review any instructional material that includes sexuality content. Upon request of the student's parent, a student shall be excused from instruction that includes sexuality content and be permitted to participate in an alternative assignment. (2) Promptly notify a student's parent of any substantial change in the student's services, including counseling services, or monitoring related to the student's mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being or the school's ability to provide a safe and supportive learning environment for the student. The policy shall specify in what manner a student's parent will be notified of any substantial change in the student's services. The policy shall specify that notice to parents shall reinforce the fundamental right of parents to make decisions regarding the upbringing and control of their children, and that the school district shall not inhibit parental access to the student's education and health records maintained by the school. (3) Prohibit school district personnel from directly or indirectly encouraging a student to withhold from a parent information concerning the student's mental, emotional, or physical health or Sub. H. B. No. 8 135th G.A. 2 well-being, or a change in related services or monitoring. The policy shall prohibit school district personnel from discouraging or prohibiting parental notification of and involvement in decisions affecting a student's mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being. (4) Adopt a procedure to obtain authorization from parents prior to providing any type of health care service to the student, including physical, mental, and behavioral health care services. Under the procedure, a parent may choose whether to authorize a district to provide a health care service to the parent's child. The procedure shall require the school district to do both of the following: (a) At the beginning of the school year, notify parents of each health care service offered at, or facilitated in cooperation with, their student's school and their option to withhold consent or decline any specified service. Parental consent to health care services does not waive the parent's right to access the parent's student's educational or health records or to be notified about a change in the student's services or monitoring as provided in this section. (b) Prior to providing a health care service to a student, notify a parent whether the service is required to be provided by the school district under state law and if other options for a student to access the service exist. This requirement may be satisfied by an annual notice to parents at the beginning of the school year. Division (B)(4) of this section does not apply to emergency situations, first aid, other unanticipated minor health care services, or health care services provided pursuant to a student's IEP or a school district's obligation under section 504 of the "Rehabilitation Act of 1973," 29 U.S.C. 794. (5) Permit a parent to file with a school principal or assistant principal a written concern regarding a topic addressed in this section. The policy shall establish a process for a principal or assistant principal to resolve such concerns within thirty days after their receipt. Under the policy, school districts shall notify parents of their right to file a written concern. A parent may appeal a principal's or assistant principal's decision to the superintendent of that district. If a parent appeals the principal's or assistant principal's decision, the superintendent, or a designee of the superintendent, shall conduct a hearing on the decision. Based on the findings of that hearing, the superintendent shall decide whether to affirm the principal's or assistant principal's decision. If the superintendent does not affirm the decision, the superintendent shall determine a resolution to the parent's concern. A parent may appeal the superintendent's decision to the board of education of the school district. The board shall review the superintendent's decision and, if the board determines it necessary, hold a hearing on the decision and, based on that hearing, either affirm the superintendent's decision or determine a new resolution to the parent's concern. Nothing in division (B)(5) of this section shall prevent a parent from contacting a member of a board of education regarding the parent's concerns with the operation of a school under the supervision of that board. (C) Each school district shall make its policy adopted under this section publicly available Sub. H. B. No. 8 135th G.A. 3 and post it prominently on its publicly accessible web site, if it has one. (D) This section does not prescribe all rights of parents or preempt or foreclose claims or remedies in support of parental rights that are available under the constitution, statutes, or common law of this state. (E) No school district or third party acting on behalf of a district shall provide instruction that includes sexuality content to students in grades kindergarten through three. (F)(1) Nothing in this section shall require disclosure or activity that is in conflict with or in violation of any of the following: (a) The HIPAA privacy rule; (b) Chapter 3798. of the Revised Code; (c) Section 2317.02, 4732.19, or 5122.04 of the Revised Code; (d) The "Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974," 20 U.S.C. 1232g; (e) Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 10a and any laws enacted to implement that section, including sections 2930.07 and 2930.10 of the Revised Code. (2) Nothing in this section requires disclosure or activity in violation of any court order, including any of the following: (a) A condition of bond; (b) A protection order or consent agreement issued pursuant to section 2151.34, 2903.213, 2903.214, 2919.26, or 3113.31 of the Revised Code; (c) A condition of a community control sanction, post-release control sanction, or parole. (3) Nothing in this section requires disclosure or activity in violation of a specific request for nondisclosure made pursuant to a criminal investigation or grand jury subpoena in which the student is the victim and a parent is the alleged perpetrator. (4) Nothing in this section prohibits or prevents mandatory reporting under section 2151.421 of the Revised Code. (5) Nothing in this section prohibits or limits the career and academic mentoring and counseling between teachers and students in the regular course of the school day. (G) As used in this section: (1) "Biological sex" means the biological indication of male and female, including sex chromosomes, naturally occurring sex hormones, gonads, and unambiguous internal and external genitalia present at birth, without regard to an individual's psychological, chosen, or subjective experience of gender. (2) "HIPAA privacy rule" has the same meaning as in section 3798.01 of the Revised Code. (3) "IEP" has the same meaning as in section 3323.01 of the Revised Code. (4) "Parent" has the same meaning as in section 3313.98 of the Revised Code. (5) "Sexuality content" means any oral or written instruction, presentation, image, or description of sexual concepts or gender ideology provided in a classroom setting. "Sexuality content" does not mean any of the following: (Sub. H. B. No. 8 135th G.A. 4) (a) Instruction or presentations in sexually transmitted infection education, child sexual abuse prevention, and sexual violence prevention education provided under division (A)(5) of section 3313.60 or section 3314.0310 or 3326.091 of the Revised Code; (b) Instruction or presentations in sexually transmitted infection education emphasizing abstinence provided under section 3313.6011 of the Revised Code; (c) Incidental references to sexual concepts or gender ideology occurring outside of formal instruction or presentations on such topics, including references made during class participation and in schoolwork. (6) "Student's mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being" includes, at a minimum, any of the following: (a) A student's academic performance; (b) Any significant sickness or physical injury, or any psychological trauma suffered by a student; (c) Any harassment, intimidation, or bullying, as defined in section 3313.666 of the Revised Code, by or against a student in violation of school district policy; (d) Any request by a student to identify as a gender that does not align with the student's biological sex; (e) Exhibition of suicidal ideation or persistent symptoms of depression, or severe anxiety, or other mental health issues. (7) "Age-appropriate" and "developmentally appropriate" content refers to activities or items that are generally accepted as suitable for children of the same chronological age or level of maturity or that are determined to be developmentally appropriate for a child, based on the development of cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral capacities that are typical for an age or age group. ”

Oklahoma

“ A. All parental rights are reserved to a parent of a minor child without obstruction or interference from this state, any political subdivision of this state, any other governmental entity or any other institution, including, but not limited to, the following rights: 1. The right to direct the education of the minor child; 2. All rights of parents identified in Title 70 of the Oklahoma Statutes, including the right to access and review all school records relating to the minor child; 3. The right to direct the upbringing of the minor child; 4. The right to direct the moral or religious training of the minor child; 5. The right to make healthcare decisions for the minor child, unless otherwise prohibited by law; 6. The right to access and review all medical records of the minor child unless otherwise prohibited by law or the parent is the subject of an investigation of a crime committed against the minor child and a law enforcement official requests that the information not be released; 7. The right to consent in writing before a biometric scan of the minor child is made, shared or stored; 8. The right to consent in writing before any record of the minor child's blood or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is created, stored or shared, except as required by Sections 1-516 and 1-524.1 of Title 63 of the Oklahoma Statutes, or unless authorized pursuant to a court order; 9. The right to consent in writing before the state or any of its political subdivisions makes a video or voice recording of the minor child, unless the video or voice recording is made during or as a part of a court proceeding, by law enforcement officers during or as part of a law enforcement investigation, during or as part of a forensic interview in a criminal or Department of Human Services investigation or to be used solely for any of the following: a.safety demonstrations, including the maintenance of order and discipline in the common areas of a school or on student transportation vehicles, b.a purpose related to a legitimate academic or extracurricular activity, c.a purpose related to regular classroom instruction, d.security or surveillance of buildings or grounds, and e.a photo identification card; and 10. The right to be notified promptly if an employee of this state, any political subdivision of this state, any other governmental entity or any other institution suspects that a criminal offense has been committed against the minor child by someone other than a parent, unless the incident has first been reported to law enforcement and notification of the parent would impede a law enforcement or Department of Human Services investigation. This paragraph does not create any new obligation for school districts and charter schools to report misconduct between students at school, such as fighting or aggressive play, that is routinely addressed as a student disciplinary matter by the school. B. This section does not authorize or allow a parent to engage in conduct that is unlawful or to abuse or neglect a child in violation of the laws of this state. This section shall not be construed to apply to a parental action or decision that would end life. This section does not prohibit courts, law enforcement officers or employees of a government agency responsible for child welfare from acting in their official capacity within the reasonable and prudent scope of their authority. This section does not prohibit a court from issuing an order that is otherwise permitted by law. C. Any attempt to encourage or coerce a minor child to withhold information from the child's parent shall be grounds for discipline of an employee of this state, any political subdivision of this state or any other governmental entity, except for law enforcement personnel. D. Unless those rights have been legally waived or legally terminated, parents have inalienable rights that are more comprehensive than those listed in this section. The Parents' Bill of Rights does not prescribe all rights of parents. Unless otherwise required by law, the rights of parents of minor children shall not be limited or denied. The Parents' Bill of Rights shall not be construed to apply to a parental action or decision that would end life. ”

Tennessee

“ (a) The liberty of a parent to the care, custody, and control of the parent's child, including the right to direct the upbringing, education, health care, and mental health of the child, is a fundamental right. (b) A government entity shall not substantially burden the fundamental rights of a parent as provided under this section unless the government entity demonstrates that the burden, as applied to the parent and the child, is required by a compelling governmental interest of the highest order and is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest. (c) All parental rights are exclusively reserved to a parent of a child without obstruction by or interference from a government entity, including, but not limited to, the following rights and responsibilities: (1) To direct the upbringing of the child; (2) To direct the moral or religious training of the child; (3) To make all physical and mental healthcare decisions for the child and consent to all physical and mental health care on the child's behalf, as provided in § 63-1-173; (4) To access and review all health and medical records of the child; (5) To direct the education of the child, including the right to choose public, private, religious, or home schools, and the right to make reasonable choices within public schools for the education of the child; (6) To access and review all educational records of the child maintained by the school, including those maintained in accordance with § 49-1-704 of the Data Accessibility, Transparency and Accountability Act and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C. § 1232g); (7) To have the child excused from school attendance for religious purposes; (8) To participate in parent-teacher associations and school organizations that are sanctioned by the board of education of a local education agency; (9) To be notified promptly if an employee of the state reasonably believes that abuse, neglect, or any criminal offense has been committed against the child by someone other than the parent, unless doing so would interfere with a criminal investigation or department of children's services investigation, or unless an employee of the state, a political subdivision of the state, a local education agency, a public charter school, or any other governmental entity is required by law to withhold such information; (10) To consent before the collection, storing, or sharing of any individual biometric data, data relative to analysis of facial expressions, electroencephalogram brain wave patterns, skin conductance, galvanic skin response, heart-rate variability, pulse, blood volume, posture, and eye-tracking, as specified in §§ 49-1-706 and 49-2-211; (11) To consent before any record of the child's blood or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is created, stored, or shared, unless authorized by law or pursuant to a court order; and (12) To consent before any government entity makes a video or voice recording of the child, unless the video or voice recording is made during or as a part of: (A) A court proceeding; (B) A law enforcement interaction; (C) A forensic interview in a criminal or department of children's services investigation; (D) The security or surveillance of buildings or grounds; (E) A photo identification card; or (F) A public event where the child has no reasonable expectation of privacy. (d) (1) This section does not authorize or allow any individual to abuse, neglect, or endanger a child as defined by § 39-15-401. (2) This section does not prevent the department of children's services from conducting an investigation or otherwise carrying out its responsibilities under state law. (3) This section does not apply when: (A) A parent of the minor has given blanket consent authorizing the person or entity to perform an activity listed in subsection (c); (B) A government entity or any other person reasonably relies in good faith on an individual's representations that the individual is the parent of a minor or has otherwise been granted authority to make decisions regarding a minor's care under state law; (C) A person, including a law enforcement officer, participates or assists in rendering emergency care pursuant to § 63-6-218; (D) An employee of a local education agency acts to control bleeding using a bleeding control kit pursuant to § 49-2-137; or (E) Services are provided to or information is received or maintained about a minor enrolled in an institution of higher education or a minor participating in a program for which the minor's parent has consented to the child's participation by an employee of the institution of higher education or other school official. (e) A public employee, other than law enforcement personnel, shall not encourage or coerce a child to withhold information from the child's parent. A public employee shall not withhold from a child's parent information that is relevant to the physical, emotional, or mental health of the child unless required by law to withhold such information. (f) (1) A parent whose rights have been burdened by a government entity in violation of this section may assert that violation of this section as a claim or defense in any judicial or administrative proceeding, without regard to whether the proceeding is brought by or in the name of the state, a private person, or another party. (2) A parent who prevails in a proceeding to enforce this section against a government entity may recover the following from a court of competent jurisdiction: (A) Declaratory relief; (B) Injunctive relief; and (C) Compensatory damages, including reasonable costs and attorney's fees. (g) A person or entity that is not a parent shall not have standing to raise in any proceeding in this state the fundamental rights of a parent established in subsection (a). ”

Texas

“ Sec. 26.001. PURPOSE. As provided under Section 151.001, Family Code, a parent has the right to direct the moral and religious training of the parent's child, make decisions concerning the child's education, and consent to medical, psychiatric, and psychological treatment of the child without obstruction or interference from this state, any political subdivision of this state, a school district or open-enrollment charter school, or any other governmental entity. (a-1) Parents are partners with educators, administrators, and school district boards of trustees in their children's education. Parents shall be encouraged to actively participate in creating and implementing educational programs for their children. (b) The rights listed in this chapter are not exclusive. This chapter does not limit a parent's rights under other law. (c) Unless otherwise provided by law, a board of trustees, administrator, educator, or other person shall comply with Section 1.009 and may not limit parental rights or withhold information from a parent regarding the parent's child. (c-1) A school district may not be considered to have withheld information from a parent regarding the parent's child if the district's actions are in accordance with other law, including the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g). (d) Each board of trustees shall: (1) provide for procedures to consider complaints that a parent's right has been denied;[.] (2) develop a plan for parental participation in thedistrict to improve parent and teacher cooperation, including in the areas of homework, school attendance, and discipline; (3) cooperate in the establishment of ongoing operations of at least one parent-teacher organization at each school in the district to promote parental involvement in school activities; and (4) provide to a parent of a child on the child's enrollment in the district for the first time and to the parent of each child enrolled in the district at the beginning of each school year information about parental rights and options, including the right to withhold consent for or exempt the parent's child fromcertain activities and instruction, that addresses the parent's rights and options concerning: (A) the child's course of study and supplemental services; (B) instructional materials and library materials; (C) health education instruction under Section 28.004; (D) instruction regarding sexual orientation and gender identity under Section 28.0043; (E) school options, including virtual and remote schooling options; (F) immunizations under Section 38.001; (G) gifted and talented programs; (H) promotion, retention, and graduation policies; (I) grade, class rank, and attendance information; (J) state standards and requirements; (K) data collection practices; (L) health care services, including notice and consent under Section 26.0083(g); (M) the grievance procedure under Section 26.011; and (N) special education and bilingual educationand special language programs. (e) The agency shall develop a form for use by school districts in providing information about parental rights and options under Subsection (d)(4). Each school district shall post the form in a prominent location on the district's Internet website. Sec. 26.002. DEFINITION. In this chapter, "parent" includes a person standing in parental relation. The term does not include a person as to whom the parent-child relationship has been terminated or a person not entitled to possession of or access to a child under a court order. Except as provided by federal law, all rights of a parent under Title 2 of this code and all educational rights under Section 151.001(a)(10), Family Code, shall be exercised by a student who is 18 years of age or older or whose disabilities of minority have been removed for general purposes under Chapter 31, Family Code, unless the student has been determined to be incompetent or the student's rights have been otherwise restricted by a court order. Sec. 26.0025. RIGHT TO SELECT EDUCATIONAL SETTING. A parent is entitled to choose the educational setting for the parent's child, including public school, private school, or homeschool. Sec. 26.003. RIGHTS CONCERNING ACADEMIC PROGRAMS. (a) A parent is entitled to: (1) petition the board of trustees designating the school in the district that the parent's child will attend, as provided by Section 25.033; (2) reasonable access to the school principal, or to a designated administrator with the authority to reassign a student, to request a change in the class or teacher to which the parent's child has been assigned, if the reassignment or change would not affect the assignment or reassignment of another student; (3) request, with the expectation that the request will not be unreasonably denied: (A) the addition of a specific academic class in the course of study of the parent's child in keeping with the required curriculum if sufficient interest is shown in the addition of the class to make it economically practical to offer the class; (B) that the parent's child be permitted to attend a class for credit above the child's grade level, whether in the child's school or another school, unless the board or its designated representative expects that the child cannot perform satisfactorily in the class; or (C) that the parent's child be permitted to graduate from high school earlier than the child would normally graduate, if the child completes each course required for graduation; and (4) have a child who graduates early as provided by Subdivision (3)(C) participate in graduation ceremonies at the time the child graduates. (b) The decision of the board of trustees concerning a request described by Subsection (a)(2) or (3) is final and may not be appealed. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 260, Sec. 1, eff. May 30, 1995. Sec. 26.0031. RIGHTS CONCERNING STATE VIRTUAL SCHOOL NETWORK. (a) At the time and in the manner that a school district or open-enrollment charter school informs students and parents about courses that are offered in the district's or school's traditional classroom setting, the district or school shall notify parents and students of the option to enroll in an electronic course offered through the state virtual school network under Chapter 30A. (b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), a school district or open-enrollment charter school in which a student is enrolled as a full-time student may not deny the request of a parent of a student to enroll the student in an electronic course offered through the state virtual school network under Chapter 30A. (c) A school district or open-enrollment charter school may deny a request to enroll a student in an electronic course if: (1) a student attempts to enroll in a course load that is inconsistent with the student's high school graduation plan or requirements for college admission or earning an industry certification; (2) the student requests permission to enroll in an electronic course at a time that is not consistent with the enrollment period established by the school district or open-enrollment charter school providing the course; or (3) the district or school offers a substantially similar course. (c-1) A school district or open-enrollment charter school may decline to pay the cost for a student of more than three yearlong electronic courses, or the equivalent, during any school year. This subsection does not: (1) limit the ability of the student to enroll in additional electronic courses at the student's cost; or (2) apply to a student enrolled in a full-time online program that was operating on January 1, 2013. (d) Notwithstanding Subsection (c)(2), a school district or open-enrollment charter school that provides an electronic course through the state virtual school network under Chapter 30A shall make all reasonable efforts to accommodate the enrollment of a student in the course under special circumstances. (e) A parent may appeal to the commissioner a school district's or open-enrollment charter school's decision to deny a request to enroll a student in an electronic course offered through the state virtual school network. The commissioner's decision under this subsection is final and may not be appealed. (f) A school district or open-enrollment charter school from which a parent of a student requests permission to enroll the student in an electronic course offered through the state virtual school network under Chapter 30A has discretion to select a course provider approved by the network's administering authority for the course in which the student will enroll based on factors including the informed choice report in Section 30A.108(b). Sec. 26.004. ACCESS TO STUDENT RECORDS. (a) In this section, "intervention strategy" means a strategy in a multi-tiered system of supports that is above the level of intervention generally used in that system with all children. The term includes response to intervention and other early intervening strategies. (b) A parent is entitled to access to all written records of a school district concerning the parent's child, including: (1) attendance records; (2) test scores; (3) grades; (4) disciplinary records; (5) counseling records; (6) psychological records; (7) applications for admission; (8) medical records in accordance with Section 38.0095, including health and immunization information; (9) teacher and school counselor evaluations; (10) reports of behavioral patterns; and (11) records relating to assistance provided for learning difficulties, including information collected regarding any intervention strategies used with the child. (12) records relating to school library materials the child obtains from a school library. Sec. 26.005. ACCESS TO STATE ASSESSMENTS. Except as provided by Section 39.023(e), a parent is entitled to access to a copy of each state assessment instrument administered under Section 39.023 to the parent's child. Sec. 26.006. ACCESS TO TEACHING MATERIALS. (a) A parent is entitled to: (1) review all teaching materials, instructional materials, and other teaching aids used in the classroom of the parent's child, including while the child is participating in virtual or remote learning; (2) review each test administered to the parent's child after the test is administered; and (3) observe virtual instruction while the parent's child is participating in virtual or remote learning to the same extent the parent would be entitled to observe in-person instruction of the child. (b) A school district shall make tests readily available for review by parents in person and teaching materials readily available for review by parents both in person and, if applicable, through an instructional materials parent portal established under Section 31.154. In providing access to instructional materials to a student's parent under this section, the district shall: (1) allow access beginning not later than 30 days before the school year begins and concluding not earlier than 30 days after the school year ends; and (2) include, for the entire period specified in Subdivision (1), access to all instructional materials that pertain to each subject area in the grade level in which the student is enrolled, except for: (A) tests or exams that have not yet been administered to the student; and (B) the student's graded assignments. (b-1) The district may specify reasonable hours for in-person review. (c) A student's parent is entitled to request that the school district or open-enrollment charter school the student attends allow the student to take home any instructional materials used by the student. Subject to the availability of the instructional materials, the district or school shall honor the request. A student who takes home instructional materials must return the instructional materials to school at the beginning of the next school day if requested to do so by the student's teacher. A school district or open-enrollment charter school must provide the instructional materials to the student in printed format if the student does not have reliable access to technology at the student's home. In this subsection, "instructional material" has the meaning assigned by Section 31.002. (d) The requirement under Subsection (c) to provide to a student instructional materials in a printed format does not require a school district or open-enrollment charter school to purchase printed copies of instructional materials that the district or school otherwise would not purchase. A district or school may comply with Subsection (c) by providing the student a printout of the relevant electronic instructional materials. (e) Each school district and open-enrollment charter school that uses a learning management system or any online learning portal to assign, distribute, present, or make available instructional materials as defined by Section 31.002 to students shall provide login credentials to the system or portal to each student's parent. (f) A school district may not deny a parent access to an instructional materials parent portal hosted under Section 31.154. (g) Each school district and open-enrollment charter school shall post on the home page of the district's or school's Internet website a notice stating that a parent of a student enrolled in the district or school is entitled to review the materials described by Subsection (a)(1) and may request that the district or school make the materials available for review as provided by this section. Sec. 26.0061. RIGHT TO REQUEST INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL REVIEW. (a) The board of trustees of each school district shall establish a process by which a parent of a student, as indicated on the student registration form at the student's campus, may request an instructional material review under Section 31.0252 for a subject area in the grade level in which the student is enrolled. (b) A process established under Subsection (a): (1) may not require more than one parent of a student to make the request; (2) must provide for the board of trustees of the school district to determine if the request will be granted, either originally or through an appeal process; and (3) may permit the requesting parent to review the instructional material directly before the district conducts an instructional material review under Section 31.0252. (c) If the parents of at least 25 percent of the students enrolled at a campus present to the board of trustees of the school district in which the campus is located a petition for the board to conduct an instructional material review under Section 31.0252, the board shall, subject to Subsection (d), conduct the review, unless the petition is presented by the parents of less than 50 percent of the students enrolled at the campus and, by a majority vote, the board denies the request. A review conducted under this subsection shall include a review of instructional materials for each subject area or grade level specified in the petition. (d) The board of trustees of a school district is not required to conduct a review under this section for a specific subject area or grade level at a specific district campus more than once per school year. (e) Parental access to instructional material provided by an instructional material review conducted under this section is in addition to any other right to access instructional material granted by this title or school district policy. (f) The State Board of Education may adopt rules to implement this section. Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 818 (H.B. 1605), Sec. 6, eff. June 13, 2023. Sec. 26.0062. REQUIRED DISCLOSURE REGARDING INSTRUCTIONAL PLAN. (a) Each school district shall adopt a policy to make available on the district's Internet website at the beginning of each semester an instructional plan or course syllabus for each class offered in the district for that semester. (b) The policy adopted under Subsection (a) must: (1) require each teacher to provide before the beginning of each semester a copy of the teacher's instructional plan or course syllabus for each class for which the teacher provides instruction to: (A) district administration; and (B) the parent of each student enrolled in the class; and (2) provide for additional copies of an instructional plan or course syllabus to be made available to a parent of a student enrolled in the class on the parent's request. Sec. 26.007. ACCESS TO BOARD MEETINGS. (a) A parent is entitled to complete access to any meeting of the board of trustees of the school district, other than a closed meeting held in compliance with Subchapters D and E, Chapter 551, Government Code. (b) A board of trustees of a school district must hold each public meeting of the board within the boundaries of the district except as required by law or except to hold a joint meeting with another district or with another governmental entity, as defined by Section 2051.041, Government Code, if the boundaries of the governmental entity are in whole or in part within the boundaries of the district. All public meetings must comply with Chapter 551, Government Code. Sec. 26.0071. PARENTAL ENGAGEMENT POLICY. Each board of trustees of a school district shall develop a parental engagement policy that: (1) provides for an Internet portal through which parents of students enrolled in the district may submit comments to campus or district administrators and the board; (2) requires the board to prioritize public comments by presenting those comments at the beginning of each board meeting; and (3) requires board meetings to be held outside of typical work hours. Sec. 26.008. RIGHT TO FULL INFORMATION CONCERNING STUDENT. (a) Except as provided by Section 38.004, a parent is entitled to: (1) full information regarding the school activities of a parent's child; and (2)notification not later than one school business day after the date a school district employee first suspects that a criminal offense has been committed against the parent's child. (b) An attempt by any school district employee to encourage or coerce a child to withhold information from the child's parent is grounds for discipline under Section 21.104, 21.156, or 21.211, or by the State Board for Educator Certification, if applicable. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 260, Sec. 1, eff. May 30, 1995. Sec. 26.0081. RIGHT TO INFORMATION CONCERNING SPECIAL EDUCATION AND EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES. (a) The agency shall produce and provide to school districts sufficient copies of a comprehensive, easily understood document that explains the process by which an individualized education program is developed for a student in a special education program and the rights and responsibilities of a parent concerning the process. The document must include information a parent needs to effectively participate in an admission, review, and dismissal committee meeting for the parent's child. (b) The agency will ensure that each school district provides the document required under this section to the parent as provided by 20 U.S.C. Section 1415(b): (1) as soon as practicable after a child is referred to determine the child's eligibility for admission into the district's special education program, but at least five school days before the date of the initial meeting of the admission, review, and dismissal committee; and (2) at any other time on reasonable request of the child's parent. (c) The agency shall produce and provide to school districts a written explanation of the options and requirements for providing assistance to students who have learning difficulties or who need or may need special education. The explanation must state that a parent is entitled at any time to request an evaluation of the parent's child for special education services under Section 29.004 or for aids, accommodations, or services under Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. Section 794). Each school year, each district shall provide the written explanation to a parent of each district student by including the explanation in the student handbook or by another means. (d) Each school year, each school district shall notify a parent of each child, other than a child enrolled in a special education program under Subchapter A, Chapter 29, who receives assistance from the district for learning difficulties, including through the use of intervention strategies, as that term is defined by Section 26.004, that the district provides that assistance to the child. The notice must: (1) be provided when the child begins to receive the assistance for that school year; (2) be written in English or, to the extent practicable, the parent's native language; and (3) include: (A) a reasonable description of the assistance that may be provided to the child, including any intervention strategies that may be used; (B) information collected regarding any intervention in the base tier of a multi-tiered system of supports that has previously been used with the child; (C) an estimate of the duration for which the assistance, including through the use of intervention strategies, will be provided; (D) the estimated time frames within which a report on the child's progress with the assistance, including any intervention strategies used, will be provided to the parent; and (E) a copy of the explanation provided under Subsection (c). (e) The notice required under Subsection (d) may be provided to a child's parent at a meeting of the team established for the child under Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. Section 794), if applicable. Sec. 26.0082. SUPPLEMENTAL EDUCATIONAL SERVICES. (a) In this section, "rigorous research" means research that includes: (1) a study design that employs either a randomized controlled trial or a quasi-experimental design; (2) an adequate measure of outcomes; and (3) reliable and valid results. (b) As part of the annual notice a school district provides to parents under 20 U.S.C. Section 6316(e)(2)(A) concerning supplemental educational services, the district shall include information provided to the district by the agency that: (1) identifies characteristics of supplemental educational services that, based on rigorous research, have been demonstrated to be more likely to foster improvement in student academic performance, including information concerning the minimum number of hours of tutoring necessary for improved performance; and (2) sorts, for each subject for which supplemental educational services are provided, supplemental educational services providers serving district students according to the provider's level of effectiveness in improving student performance in the applicable subject area. (c) The agency shall develop and the commissioner by rule shall establish a process for approving and revoking approval for a supplemental educational services provider. The process must allow the agency to use any publicly available information from any published source in determining whether to approve an entity as a provider, except that the agency may not use information that is self-published or published by a provider for marketing purposes. (d) The agency shall maintain a publicly available list of approved providers. In accordance with standards established by commissioner rule, the agency shall promptly investigate a complaint against an approved provider and promptly remove from the list of approved providers a provider for which agency approval has been revoked. (e) Not later than the fifth business day after the date on which the agency removes a provider from the list of approved providers, the agency shall send notice of the removal to each appropriate school district. The district shall provide notice of the removal to parents of appropriate students. (f) A supplemental educational services provider for which agency approval has been revoked because the agency determines that the provider has engaged in fraudulent activity is permanently prohibited from acting as a provider in this state. Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 646 (H.B. 753), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Sec. 26.0083. RIGHT TO INFORMATION REGARDING MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, AND PHYSICAL HEALTH AND HEALTH-RELATED SERVICES. (a) The agency shall adopt a procedure for school districts to notify the parent of a student enrolled in the district regarding any change in services provided to or monitoring of the student related to the student's mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being. (b) A procedure adopted under Subsection (a) must reinforce the fundamental right of a parent to make decisions regarding the upbringing and control of the parent's child by requiring school district personnel to: (1) encourage a student to discuss issues relating to the student's well-being with the student's parent; or (2) facilitate a discussion described under Subdivision (1). (c) A school district may not adopt a procedure that: (1) prohibits a district employee from notifying the parent of a student regarding: (A) information about the student's mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being; or (B) a change in services provided to or monitoring of the student related to the student's mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being; (2) encourages or has the effect of encouraging a student to withhold from the student's parent information described by Subdivision (1)(A); or (3) prevents a parent from accessing education or health records concerning the parent's child. (d) Subsections (a) and (c) do not require the disclosure of information to a parent if a reasonably prudent person would believe the disclosure is likely to result in the student suffering abuse or neglect, as those terms are defined by Section 261.001, Family Code. (e) A school district employee may not discourage or prohibit parental knowledge of or involvement in critical decisions affecting a student's mental, emotional, or physical health or well-being. (f) Any student support services training developed or provided by a school district to district employees must comply with any student services guidelines, standards, and frameworks established by the State Board of Education and the agency. (g) Before the first instructional day of each school year, a school district shall provide to the parent of each student enrolled in the district written notice of each health-related service offered at the district campus the student attends. The notice must include a statement of the parent's right to withhold consent for or decline a health-related service. A parent's consent to a health-related service does not waive a requirement of Subsection (a), (c), or (e). (h) Before administering a student well-being questionnaire or health screening form to a student enrolled in prekindergarten through 12th grade, a school district must provide a copy of the questionnaire or form to the student's parent and obtain the parent's consent to administer the questionnaire or form in the manner provided by Section 26.009(a-2). :(i) This section may not be construed to: (1) limit or alter the requirements of Section 38.004 of this code or Chapter 261, Family Code; or (2) limit a school district employee's ability to inquire about a student's daily well-being without parental consent. (j) Not later than June 30, 2026, the agency, the State Board of Education, and the State Board for Educator Certification, as appropriate, shall review and revise as necessary the following to ensure compliance with this section: (1) school counseling frameworks and standards; (2) educator practices and professional conduct principles; and (3) any other student services personnel guidelines, standards, or frameworks. (k) Subsection (j) and this subsection expire September 1, 2027. Sec. 26.0085. REQUESTS FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION. (a) A school district or open-enrollment charter school that seeks to withhold information from a parent who has requested public information relating to the parent's child under Chapter 552, Government Code, and that files suit as described by Section 552.324, Government Code, to challenge a decision by the attorney general issued under Subchapter G, Chapter 552, Government Code, must bring the suit not later than the 30th calendar day after the date the school district or open-enrollment charter school receives the decision of the attorney general being challenged. (b) A court shall grant a suit described by Subsection (a) precedence over other pending matters to ensure prompt resolution of the subject matter of the suit. (c) Notwithstanding any other law, a school district or open-enrollment charter school may not appeal the decision of a court in a suit filed under Subsection (a). This subsection does not affect the right of a parent to appeal the decision. (d) If the school district or open-enrollment charter school does not bring suit within the period established by Subsection (a), the school district or open-enrollment charter school shall comply with the decision of the attorney general. (e) A school district or open-enrollment charter school that receives a request from a parent for public information relating to the parent's child shall comply with Chapter 552, Government Code. If an earlier deadline for bringing suit is established under Chapter 552, Government Code, Subsection (a) does not apply. This section does not affect the earlier deadline for purposes of Section 532.353(b)(3) for a suit brought by an officer for public information. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1335, Sec. 8, eff. June 19, 1999. Sec. 26.009. CONSENT REQUIRED FOR CERTAIN ACTIVITIES. (a) An employee or contractor of a school district must obtain the written consent of a child's parent in the manner required by Subsection (a-2) before the employee or contractor may: (1) conduct a psychological or psychiatric examination or[,] test, or psychological or psychiatric treatment, unless the examination, test, or treatment is required under Section 38.004 or state or federal law regarding requirements for special education; (2) subject to Subsection (b), make or authorize the making of a videotape of a child or record or authorize the recording of a child's voice; (3) unless authorized by other law: (A) disclose a child's health or medical information to any person other than the child's parent; or (B) collect, use, store, or disclose to anyperson other than the child's parent a child's biometric identifiers; or (4) subject to Subsection (a-3), provide health care services or medication or conduct a medical procedure. (a-1) For purposes of Subsection (a): (1) "Biometric identifier" means a blood sample, hair sample, skin sample, DNA sample, body scan, retina or iris scan, fingerprint, voiceprint, or record of hand or face geometry. (2) "Psychological or psychiatric examination or test" means a method designed to elicit information regarding an attitude, habit, trait, opinion, belief, feeling, or mental disorder or a condition thought to lead to a mental disorder, regardless of the manner in which the method is presented or characterized, including a method that is presented or characterized as a survey, check-in, or screening or is embedded in an academic lesson. (3) "Psychological or psychiatric treatment" means the planned, systematic use of a method or technique that is designed to affect behavioral, emotional, or attitudinal characteristics of an individual or group. (a-2) Written consent for a parent's child to participate in a district activity described by Subsection (a) must be signed by the parent and returned to the district. A child may not participate in the activity unless the district receives the parent's signed written consent to that activity. (a-3) For the purpose of obtaining written consent for actions described by Subsection (a)(4) that are determined by a school district to be routine care provided by a person who is authorized by the district to provide physical or mental health-related services, the district may obtain consent at the beginning of the school year or at the time of the child's enrollment in the district. Unless otherwise provided by a child's parent, written consent obtained in accordance with this subsection is effective until the end of the school year in which the consent was obtained. (b) An employee or contractor of a school district is not required to obtain the consent of a child's parent before the employee or contractor may make a videotape of a child or authorize the recording of a child's voice if the videotape or voice recording is to be used only for: (1) purposes of safety, including the maintenance of order and discipline in common areas of the school or on school buses; (2) a purpose related to a cocurricular or extracurricular activity; (3) a purpose related to regular classroom instruction; (4) media coverage of the school; or (5) a purpose related to the promotion of student safety under Section 29.022. (c) Before the first instructional day of each school year, a school district shall provide to the parent of each student enrolled in the district written notice of any actions the district may take involving the authorized collection, use, or storage of information as described by Subsection (a)(3). The notice must: (1) include a plain language explanation for the district's collection, use, or storage of the child's information and the district's legal authority to engage in that collection, use, or storage; and (2) be signed by the parent and returned to the district. (d) A school district shall take disciplinary action against an employee responsible for allowing a child to participate in an activity described by Subsection (a)(4) if the district did not obtain a parent's consent for the child's participation in that activity. (e) A school district shall retain the written informed consent of a child's parent obtained under this section as part of the child's education records. (f) Nothing in this section may be construed to: (1) require an employee or contractor of a school district to obtain the written consent of a child's parent before verbally asking the child about the child's general well-being; or (2) affect the duty to report child abuse or neglect under Chapter 261, Family Code, or an investigation of a report of abuse or neglect under that chapter. Sec. 26.0091. REFUSAL OF PSYCHIATRIC OR PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CHILD AS BASIS OF REPORT OF NEGLECT. (a) In this section, "psychotropic drug" has the meaning assigned by Section 261.111, Family Code. (b) An employee of a school district may not use or threaten to use the refusal of a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator of a child to administer or consent to the administration of a psychotropic drug to the child, or to consent to any other psychiatric or psychological testing or treatment of the child, as the sole basis for making a report of neglect of the child under Subchapter B, Chapter 261, Family Code, unless the employee has cause to believe that the refusal: (1) presents a substantial risk of death, disfigurement, or bodily injury to the child; or (2) has resulted in an observable and material impairment to the growth, development, or functioning of the child. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1008, Sec. 1, eff. June 20, 2003. Sec. 26.010. EXEMPTION FROM INSTRUCTION. (a) A parent is entitled to remove the parent's child temporarily from a class or other school activity that conflicts with the parent's religious or moral beliefs if the parent presents or delivers to the teacher of the parent's child a written statement authorizing the removal of the child from the class or other school activity. A parent is not entitled to remove the parent's child from a class or other school activity to avoid a test or to prevent the child from taking a subject for an entire semester. (b) This section does not exempt a child from satisfying grade level or graduation requirements in a manner acceptable to the school district and the agency. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 260, Sec. 1, eff. May 30, 1995. Sec. 26.011. GRIEVANCES [COMPLAINTS]. (a) The board of trustees of each school district shall adopt a grievance procedure that complies with Chapter 26A under which the board shall address each grievance [complaint] that the board receives concerning violation of a right guaranteed by this chapter, of a board of trustees policy, or of a provision of this title. (b) The board of trustees of a school district is not required by Subsection (a) or Section 11.1511(b)(13) to address a grievance [complaint] that the board receives concerning a student's participation in an extracurricular activity that does not involve a violation of a right guaranteed by this chapter, of a board of trustees policy, or of a provision of this title. This subsection does not affect a claim brought by a parent under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. Section 1400 et seq.) or a successor federal statute addressing special education services for a child with a disability. Sec. 26.012. FEE FOR COPIES. The agency or a school district may charge a reasonable fee in accordance with Subchapter F, Chapter 552, Government Code, for copies of materials provided to a parent under this chapter. Sec. 26.0125. PARENT CONTACT INFORMATION REQUIRED. The parent of a student enrolled in a school district shall provide in writing to the district: (1) on enrollment of the student in the district and not later than two weeks after the beginning of each school year, the parent's address, phone number, and e-mail address; and (2) if the parent's contact information changes during the school year, not later than two weeks after the date the information changes, the parent's updated information. Sec. 26.013. STUDENT DIRECTORY INFORMATION. (a) A school district shall provide to the parent of each district student at the beginning of each school year or on enrollment of the student after the beginning of a school year: (1) a written explanation of the provisions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g), regarding the release of directory information about the student; and (2) written notice of the right of the parent to object to the release of directory information about the student under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g). (b) The notice required by Subsection (a)(2) must contain: (1) the following statement in boldface type that is 14-point or larger: "Certain information about district students is considered directory information and will be released to anyone who follows the procedures for requesting the information unless the parent or guardian objects to the release of the directory information about the student. If you do not want [insert name of school district] to disclose directory information from your child's education records without your prior written consent, you must notify the district in writing by [insert date]. [Insert name of school district] has designated the following information as directory information: [Here a school district must include any directory information it chooses to designate as directory information for the district, such as a student's name, address, telephone listing, electronic mail address, photograph, degrees, honors and awards received, date and place of birth, major field of study, dates of attendance, grade level, most recent educational institution attended, and participation in officially recognized activities and sports, and the weight and height of members of athletic teams.]"; (2) a form, such as a check-off list or similar mechanism, that: (A) immediately follows, on the same page or the next page, the statement required under Subdivision (1); and (B) allows a parent to record: (i) the parent's objection to the release of all directory information or one or more specific categories of directory information if district policy permits the parent to object to one or more specific categories of directory information; (ii) the parent's objection to the release of a secondary student's name, address, and telephone number to a military recruiter or institution of higher education; and (iii) the parent's consent to the release of one or more specific categories of directory information for a limited school-sponsored purpose if such purpose has been designated by the district and is specifically identified, such as for a student directory, student yearbook, or district publication; and (3) a statement that federal law requires districts receiving assistance under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. Section 6301 et seq.) to provide a military recruiter or an institution of higher education, on request, with the name, address, and telephone number of a secondary student unless the parent has advised the district that the parent does not want the student's information disclosed without the parent's prior written consent. (c) A school district may designate as directory information any or all information defined as directory information by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g). Directory information under that Act that is not designated by a district as directory information for that district is excepted from disclosure by the district under Chapter 552, Government Code. (d) Directory information consented to by a parent for use only for a limited school-sponsored purpose, such as for a student directory, student yearbook, or school district publication, if any such purpose has been designated by the district, remains otherwise confidential and may not be released under Chapter 552, Government Code. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 687 (S.B. 256), Sec. 1, eff. June 17, 2005. Sec. 26.015. POSTING OF INFORMATION REGARDING ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDENT DISCIPLINE. A school district shall post on the district's Internet website, for each district campus, the e-mail address and dedicated telephone number of a person clearly identified as: (1) the campus behavior coordinator designated under Section 37.0012; or (2) if the district has been designated as a district of innovation under Chapter 12A and is exempt from the requirement to designate a campus behavior coordinator under Section 37.0012 under the district's local innovation plan, a campus administrator designated as being responsible for student discipline. ”

Utah

“ 53G-6-801 Definitions (1) "Federal law" means: (a) a statute passed by the Congress of the United States; or (b) a final regulation: (i) adopted by an administrative agency of the United States government; and (ii) published in the code of federal regulations or the federal register. (2) "Reasonably accommodate" means an LEA shall make its best effort to enable a parent to exercise a parental right specified in Section 53G-6-803: (a) without substantial impact to staff and resources, including employee working conditions, safety and supervision on school premises and for school activities, and the efficient allocation of expenditures; and (b) while balancing: (i) the parental rights of parents; (ii) the educational needs of other students; (iii) the academic and behavioral impacts to a classroom; (iv) a teacher's workload; and (v) the assurance of the safe and efficient operation of a school. 53G-6-802 Annual Notice of Parental Rights (1) An LEA shall annually notify a parent of a student enrolled in the LEA of: (a) the parent's rights as specified in this part; and (b) the constitutional protections as described in Section 53G-10-205. (2) An LEA satisfies the notification requirement described in Subsection (1) by posting the information on the LEA's website or through other means of electronic communication. 53G-6-803 Parental Right to Academic Accommodations (1) (a) A student's parent is the primary person responsible for the education of the student, and the state is in a secondary and supportive role to the parent. As such, a student's parent has the right to reasonable academic accommodations from the student's LEA as specified in this section. (b) Each accommodation shall be considered on an individual basis and no student shall be considered to a greater or lesser degree than any other student. (c) The parental rights specified in this section do not include all the rights or accommodations that may be available to a student's parent as a user of the public education system. (d) An accommodation under this section may only be provided if the accommodation is: (i) consistent with federal law; and (ii) consistent with a student's IEP if the student already has an IEP. (2) An LEA shall reasonably accommodate a parent's written request to retain a student in kindergarten through grade 8 on grade level based on the student's academic ability or the student's social, emotional, or physical maturity. (3) An LEA shall reasonably accommodate a parent's initial selection of a teacher or request for a change of teacher. (4) An LEA shall reasonably accommodate the request of a student's parent to visit and observe any class the student attends. (5) Notwithstanding Part 2, Compulsory Education, an LEA shall record an excused absence for a scheduled family event or a scheduled proactive visit to a health care provider if: (a) the parent submits a written statement at least one school day before the scheduled absence; and (b) the student agrees to make up course work for school days missed for the scheduled absence in accordance with LEA policy. (6) (a) An LEA shall reasonably accommodate a parent's written request to place a student in a specialized class, a specialized program, or an advanced course. (b) An LEA shall consider multiple academic data points when determining an accommodation under Subsection (6)(a). (7) Consistent with Section 53E-4-204, which requires the state board to establish graduation requirements that use competency-based standards and assessments, an LEA shall allow a student to earn course credit toward high school graduation without completing a course in school by: (a) testing out of the course; or (b) demonstrating competency in course standards. (8) An LEA shall reasonably accommodate a parent's request to meet with a teacher at a mutually agreeable time if the parent is unable to attend a regularly scheduled parent-teacher conference. (9) (a) At the request of a student's parent, an LEA shall excuse a student from taking an assessment that: (i) is federally mandated; (ii) is mandated by the state under this public education code; or (iii) requires the use of: (A) a state assessment system; or (B) software that is provided or paid for by the state. (b) In accordance with Title 63G, Chapter 3, Utah Administrative Rulemaking Act, the state board shall make rules: (i) to establish a statewide procedure for excusing a student under Subsection (9)(a) that: (A) does not place an undue burden on a parent; and (B) may be completed online; and (ii) to prevent negative impact, to the extent authorized by state statute, to an LEA or an LEA's employees through school accountability or employee evaluations due to a student not taking an assessment under Subsection (9)(a). (c) An LEA: (i) shall follow the procedures outlined in rules made by the state board under Subsection (9)(b) to excuse a student under Subsection (9)(a); (ii) may not require procedures to excuse a student under Subsection (9)(a) in addition to the procedures outlined in rules made by the state board under Subsection (9)(b); and (iii) may not provide a nonacademic reward to a student for taking an assessment described in Subsection (9)(a). (d) The state board shall: (i) maintain and publish a list of state assessments, state assessment systems, and software that qualify under Subsection (9)(a); and (ii) audit and verify an LEA's compliance with the requirements of this Subsection (9). (10) (a) An LEA shall provide for: (i) the distribution of a copy of a school's discipline and conduct policy to each student in accordance with Section 53G-8-204; and (ii) a parent's signature acknowledging receipt of the school's discipline and conduct policy. (b) An LEA shall notify a parent of a student's violation of a school's discipline and conduct policy and allow a parent to respond to the notice in accordance with Chapter 8, Part 2, School Discipline and Conduct Plans. 53G-6-804 Parent Access to Learning Management System for Online Courses – Training (1) As used in this section: (a) "Learning management system" means a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation, or delivery of an online course. (b) "Online course" means a course that an LEA provides to a student over the Internet. (2) An LEA that uses a learning management system for an online course shall provide: (a) to the parent of a student enrolled in the online course, access to the learning management system, including, at a minimum: (i) the curriculum used for the course; and (ii) information about the progress and learning of the parent's student, including assessment results; and (b) to a student enrolled in the course and the student's parent, training or orientation to help the student and the student's parent understand how to access: (i) the learning management system; (ii) the online course; and (iii) any online tools used to deliver the online course or instruction. 53G-6-805 Parental Right to School Comparison (1) Parents have the right to compare public school performance in a given area. (2) The state board shall provide an online tool that allows parents to: (a) search for public schools within a given radius of a specific location or within the boundaries of a public school district; and (b) view a side-by-side comparison of data related to the public schools in the area described in Subsection (2)(a), including the indicators required in Subsection 53E-5-211(1). (3) The state board shall include the information provided under this section in the parent portal required under Section 53G-6-806. 53G-6-806 Parent Portal (1) As used in this section: (a) "Parent portal" means the posting the state board is required to provide under this section. (b) "School" means a public elementary or secondary school, including a charter school. (2) (a) The state board shall post information that allows a parent of a student enrolled in a school to: (i) access an LEA's policies required by Sections 53G-9-203 and 53G-9-605; (ii) be informed of resources and steps to follow when a student has been the subject, perpetrator, or bystander of bullying, cyber-bullying, hazing, retaliation, or abusive conduct, such as: (A) resources for the student, including short-term mental health services; (B) options for the student to make changes to the student's educational environment; (C) options for alternative school enrollment; (D) options for differentiated start or stop times; (E) options for differentiated exit and entrance locations; and (F) the designated employee for an LEA who addresses incidents of bullying, cyber-bullying, hazing, retaliation, and abusive conduct. (iii) be informed of the steps and resources for filing a grievance with a school or LEA regarding bullying, cyber-bullying, hazing, or retaliation; (iv) be informed of the steps and resources for seeking accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.; (v) be informed of the steps and resources for seeking accommodations under state or federal law regarding religious accommodations; (vi) be informed of the steps and resources for filing a grievance for an alleged violation of state or federal law, including: (A) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000d-2000d-4; (B) Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1681-1688; (C) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. Sec. 794; and (D) Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 12131-12165. (vii) receive information about constitutional rights and freedoms afforded to families in public education; (viii) be informed of how to access an internal audit hotline if established by the state board; and (ix) be informed of services for military families. (b) In addition to the information required under Subsection (2)(a), the state board: (i) shall include in the parent portal: (A) the comparison tool created under Section 53G-6-805; (B) school-level safety data, including data points described in Section 53E-3-516; and (C) a link to the public safety portal described in Section 63A-16-1002. (ii) may include in the parent portal other information that the state board determines is helpful to parents. (3) (a) The state board shall post the parent portal at a location that is easily located by a parent. (b) The state board shall update the parent portal at least annually. (c) In accordance with state and federal law, the state board may collaborate with a third party to provide safety data visualization in comparison to other states' data. (4) An LEA shall annually notify each of the following of how to access the parent portal: (a) a parent of a student; and (b) a teacher, principal, or other professional staff within the LEA. 53G-6-807 Parent Engagement Specialist (1) (a) The state superintendent shall appoint an individual as a parent engagement specialist after: (i) posting the position publicly; and (ii) reviewing and consulting with the state board leadership about the appointment. (b) The individual appointed under this section shall preferably have experience: (i) working to constructively engage parents in guiding the parents' student's education; (ii) understanding research on education outcomes; and (iii) understanding laws pertaining to parental rights in education. (2) The parent engagement specialist shall respond to parent communications directed to the state board by: (a) maintaining and revising on behalf of the state board the parent portal required by Section 53G-6-806; (b) responding to questions and complaints to the state board regarding parent rights and opportunities within the state's education system; and (c) helping parents to navigate available complaint processes provided through the state board, at the LEA level, or at the public school level. (3) The parent engagement specialist shall provide guidance and outreach to LEAs and public schools across the state by: (a) providing training and materials to LEAs and public schools regarding successful parent engagement strategies; and (b) sharing research on parent engagement practices shown to contribute to student attendance and success. (4) In performing the parent engagement specialist's activities, the parent engagement specialist shall comply with Section 53E-2-201. ”

Virginia

“ § 1-240.1. Rights of parents. A parent has a fundamental right to make decisions concerning the upbringing, education, and care of the parent's child. ”

Washington

“

Parental rights. (1) The legislature finds that: (a) Parents are the primary stakeholders in their children's upbringing; (b) parental involvement is a significant factor in increasing student achievement; and (c) access to student information encourages greater parental involvement. (2) Parents and legal guardians of children enrolled in public schools as defined in RCW 28A.150.010 have the following rights: (a) To access their child's classroom and school-sponsored activities to observe in accordance with RCW 28A.605.020 and to examine the curriculum, textbooks, instructional materials, and supplemental instructional materials used in their child's classroom in accordance with policies and procedures; (b)(i) To inspect and review their child's education records and to request and receive a copy of their child's education records within a reasonable period of time, but not more than 45 days of submitting a request in accordance with the federal family educational rights and privacy act of 1974, Title 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1232g, as in effect on January 1, 2025, and RCW 28A.605.030.25 (ii) Parents and legal guardians choosing to inspect and review their child's education records may not be required by a public school to appear in person for the purposes of requesting or validating a request for their child's education records, provided the public school can ascertain the identity of the requestor. (iii) No charge may be imposed on a parent or legal guardian to inspect or review their child's education records or for the costs of searching for or retrieving the education records. Any charges for a copy of such records must be reasonable, not prevent a parent, legal guardian, or eligible child from exercising the right to inspect and review the child's education records, and be set forth in the official policies and procedures of the school district and public school. (iv)Education records means those official records, files, and data directly related to a student and maintained by the public school including, but not limited to, records encompassing all the material kept in the child's cumulative folder, such as general identifying data, records of attendance and of academic work completed, records of achievement and results of evaluative tests, disciplinary status, test protocols, and individualized education programs; (v) Education records do not include records that are kept in the sole possession of the maker, are used only as a personal memory aid, and are not accessible or revealed to any other person except a temporary substitute for the maker of the record; (vi) Nothing in this section changes the access and disclosure provisions established in chapter 70.02 RCW related to health care information; (c) To receive immediate notification upon receipt of a report that a criminal action is alleged to have been committed against their child on school property during the school day or during a school sponsored activity, including immediate notification if there has been a shooting on school property, or their child has been detained based on probable cause of involvement in criminal activity on school property during the school day; (d) To receive immediate notification upon receipt of a report that their child is alleged to be the victim, target, or recipient of physical or sexual abuse, sexual misconduct, or assault by a school employee or school contractor, as required by RCW 28A.320.160; (e) To receive immediate notification if law enforcement personnel question their child during a custodial interrogation at the school during the school day, except in cases where the parent or legal guardian has been accused of abusing or neglecting the child; (f) To not have their child removed from school grounds or buildings during school hours without authorization of a parent or legal guardian according to the provisions in RCW 28A.605.010. Nothing in this section affects the provisions in RCW 74.15.020, 13.32A.082, 26.44.050, or 26.44.115; (g) To have their child receive a public education in a setting in which discrimination on the basis of sex, race, creed, religion, color, national origin, honorably discharged veteran or military status, sexual orientation, gender expression, gender identity, the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability, or the use of a trained dog guide or service animal by a person with a disability is prohibited under chapters 28A.640 and 28A.642 RCW; (h) In accordance with the protection of pupil rights, Title 20 U.S.C. Sec. 1232h, the right to receive written notice and the option to opt their child out of any survey, analysis, or evaluation that reveals information concerning: (i) Political affiliations or beliefs of the student or the student's parent or legal guardian; (ii) Mental or psychological problems of the student or the student's family; (iii) Sex behavior and attitudes; (iv) Illegal, antisocial, self-incriminating or demeaning behavior; (v) Critical appraisals of other individuals with whom respondents have close family relationships; (vi) Legally recognized privileged or analogous relationships, such as those of lawyers, physicians, and ministers; (vii) Religious practices, affiliations, or beliefs of the student or student's parent or legal guardian; or (viii) Income, other than that required by law to determine eligibility for participation in a program or for receiving financial assistance under such program; (i) To receive written notice and have the option to opt their child out of comprehensive sexual health education in accordance with RCW 28A.300.475;37 (j) To receive from the public school the annual school calendar, no later than 30 days prior to the beginning of the school year, and to be notified in writing as soon as feasible of any revisions to such calendar. Such calendar must be posted to the public school's website and must include, at a minimum, student attendance days and any known event that requires parent, legal guardian, or student attendance outside of normal school days or hours; (k) To receive in writing each year or to view on the public school's website a comprehensive listing of any required fee and its purpose and use and a description of how economic hardships may be considered in the administration of fees; (l) To receive in writing each year or to view on the public school's website a description of the school's required dress code or uniform established pursuant to the policies established and allowed by RCW 28A.320.140, if applicable, for students; (m) To be informed if their child's academic progress, including the right to receive periodic reports on their child's educational growth and development in accordance with RCW 28A.150.240 and to receive notice of their child's performance on state learning standards tests and assessments in accordance with RCW 28A.230.195, and whether the performance, is such that it could threaten the child's ability to be promoted to the next grade level. A parent or legal guardian also has the right to request an in-person meeting with the child's classroom teacher and principal to discuss any resources or strategies available to support and encourage the child's academic improvement; (n) To file a complaint on behalf of their child under RCW 28A.600.477 relating to harassment, intimidation, and bullying; (o) To have their child qualify for enrollment in a school district if they are transferred to, or pending transfer to, a military installation within the state in accordance with RCW 28A.225.216; (p) To request enrollment for their child in a charter school established under chapter 28A.710 RCW; (q) To have their child qualify without a legal residence for enrollment in a school district in accordance with RCW 28A.225.215; (r) To have their child whose primary language is not English access supplemental instruction and services through the transitional bilingual instruction program in accordance with RCW 28A.150.220; (s) To receive annual notice of the public school's language access policies and services, the parents' rights to free language access services under Title VI of the civil rights act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000d, et seq., and the contact information for any language access services under RCW 28A.183.040; (t) To request enrollment for their child in a nonresident school district in accordance with RCW 28A.225.220, 28A.225.225, and 28A.225.230; (u) To be notified of unexcused absences and to engage in efforts to eliminate or reduce their child's absences in accordance with RCW 28A.225.015, 28A.225.018, and 28A.225.020; (v) To request, under RCW 28A.155.090, information about special education programs and assistance for their child if their child is eligible for but not receiving special education services, including due to illness; (w) To request an appeal to the superintendent of public instruction under RCW 28A.155.080 if their child with disabilities has been denied the opportunity of a special education program by a school district or public school; and (x) To access special education due process hearings regarding their child as required by RCW 28A.155.020. (3) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, a public school shall not be required to release any records or information regarding a student's health care, social work, counseling, or disciplinary records to a parent or legal guardian who is the defendant in a criminal proceeding where the student is the named victim or during the pendency of an investigation of child abuse or neglect conducted by any law enforcement agency or the department of children, youth, and families where the parent or legal guardian is the target of the investigation, unless the parent or legal guardian has obtained a court order. (4) Nothing in this section creates a private right of action.

”

West Virginia

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§49-12-1. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Parents’ Bill of Rights". §49-12-2. Legislative findings and definition. (a) The Legislature finds that it is a fundamental right of parents to direct the upbringing, education, care, and medical care of their minor children. The Legislature further finds that important information relating to a minor child should not be withheld, either inadvertently or purposefully, from his or her parent, including information relating to the minor child’s health, well-being, and education, while the minor child is in the custody of the school district. (b) For purposes of this article, the term “parent” means a person who has legal custody of a minor child as a natural or adoptive parent or a legal guardian. §49-12-3. Infringement of parental rights. The state, any of its political subdivisions, any other governmental entity, or any other state institution may not infringe on the fundamental rights of a parent to direct the upbringing, education, health care, and mental health of his or her minor child without demonstrating that such action is reasonable and necessary to achieve a compelling state interest and that such action is narrowly tailored and is not otherwise served by a less restrictive means. §49-12-4. Parental rights. (a) All parental rights are reserved to the parent of a minor child in this state without obstruction or interference from the state, any of its political subdivisions, any other governmental entity, or any other state institution, including, but not limited to, all of the following rights of a parent of a minor child in this state: (1) The right to direct the education and care of his or her minor child. (2) The right to direct the upbringing and the moral or religious training of his or her minor child. (3) The right to apply to enroll his or her minor child in a public school or, as an alternative to public education, a private school, including a religious school, a home education program, or other available options, as authorized by law. (4) The right to access and review all school records relating to his or her minor child. (5) The right to make health care decisions for his or her minor child, unless otherwise prohibited by law. (b) The right to parental rights guaranteed by this article shall not be denied or abridged on account of disability. (c) A parent may raise this article as a defense before any court or administrative tribunal. In addition, any person aggrieved by the provisions of this article may bring an action for injunctive relief against a person who engages in conduct that constitutes a violation of this article in the circuit court of any county in which any part of the conduct occurs. The circuit court may grant any appropriate injunctive relief to prevent or abate the conduct, including a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, or permanent injunction. §49-12-5. Applicability; limitations. (a) This article applies to state and local laws, rules, or ordinances, and the implementation of that law, rule, or ordinance, whether statutory or otherwise. Statutory law adopted after the date of the enactment of this article is subject to this article unless such law explicitly excludes such application by reference to this article. (b) This article does not: (1) Authorize a parent of a minor child in this state to engage in conduct that is unlawful or to abuse or neglect his or her minor child in violation of general law; (2) Condone, authorize, approve, or apply to a parental action or decision that would end life; (3) Prohibit a court of competent jurisdiction, law enforcement officer, or employees of a government agency that is responsible for child welfare from acting in his or her official capacity within the reasonable and prudent scope of his or her authority; or (4) Prohibit a court of competent jurisdiction from issuing an order that is otherwise permitted by law.

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Additionally, parents are afforded the right to review their children's curriculum by state law.

Wyoming

“ Section 14-2-206 - Protection of parental rights; applicability (a) The liberty of a parent to the care, custody and control of their child is a fundamental right that resides first in the parent. (b) The state, or any agency or political subdivision of the state, shall not infringe the parental right as provided under this section without demonstrating that the interest of the government as applied to the parent or child is a compelling state interest addressed by the least restrictive means. (c) The parental right as provided under this section shall also apply to any state or local education agency, school district, board of trustees, commission or school under title 21 of the Wyoming statutes regarding communication or disclosure to a parent about that parent's unemancipated child. ”

See also

• Overview of trends in K-12 curricula development
• Arguments about critical race theory (CRT)
• Local school board authority across the 50 states

External links

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