Pennsylvania General Assembly
| Pennsylvania General Assembly | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type: | State legislature |
| Term limits: | None |
| Session start: | January 4, 2022 |
| Website: | Official Legislature Page |
| Leadership | |
| Senate President: | John Fetterman (D) |
| House Speaker: | Bryan Cutler (R) |
| Majority Leader: | Senate: Kim Ward (R) House: Kerry Benninghoff (R) |
| Minority Leader: | Senate: Jay Costa (D) House: Joanna McClinton (D) |
| Structure | |
| Members: | 50 (Senate), 203 (House) |
| Length of term: | 4 years (Senate), 2 years (House) |
| Authority: | Art II, Sec 3, Pennsylvania Constitution |
| Salary: | $90,335/year + per diem |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 3, 2020 |
| Next election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Redistricting: | Commission |
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is Pennsylvania's state legislature, seated at the state's capital, Harrisburg. It has been a bicameral legislature since 1790. The General Assembly consists of an upper house, the Pennsylvania State Senate, and a lower house, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
On February 4, 2022, the Pennsylvania Legislative Reapportionment Commission voted 4-1 to approve new state House and Senate maps.[1] House Majority Leader Kerry Benninghoff (R) voted no, while Senate Majority Leader Kim Ward (R), state Rep. Joanna McClinton (D), state Sen. Jay Costa (D), and chairman Mark Nordenberg voted yes.[1] These maps take effect for Pennsylvania's 2022 legislative elections. Click here for more information.
Pennsylvania has a divided government where neither party holds a trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor, while the Republican Party controls both chambers of the state legislature.
Elections
2022
Elections for the Pennsylvania State Senate will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary is scheduled for May 17, 2022. The filing deadline was March 28, 2022.
Elections for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary is scheduled for May 17, 2022. The filing deadline was March 28, 2022.
2020
Elections for the office of Pennsylvania State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 2, 2020. The filing deadline was February 18, 2020.
In the 2020 elections, Republicans maintained their majority of 28-20 with one independent in the Pennsylvania State Senate. One seat was temporarily vacant when James Brewster (D) was not seated due to pending litigation contesting the November election results. Brewster took office on January 13, 2021.
| Pennsylvania State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
| Democratic Party | 21 | 21 | |
| Republican Party | 28 | 28 | |
| Independent | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | |
Elections for the office of Pennsylvania House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 2, 2020. The filing deadline was February 18, 2020.
In the 2020 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 109-93 to 113-90.
| Pennsylvania House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
| Democratic Party | 93 | 90 | |
| Republican Party | 109 | 113 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 203 | 203 | |
2018
Elections for the Pennsylvania State Senate took place in 2018. A closed primary election took place on May 15, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was March 6, 2018.
Elections for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives took place in 2018. A closed primary election took place on May 15, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was March 6, 2018.
2016
Elections for the Pennsylvania State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election was held on April 26, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was February 16, 2016.
Elections for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election was held on April 26, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was February 16, 2016.
2014
Elections for the Pennsylvania State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on May 20, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in that election was March 11, 2014.
Elections for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on May 20, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was March 11, 2014.
2012
Elections for the office of Pennsylvania State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on April 24, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was February 16, 2012.
Elections for the office of Pennsylvania House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on April 24, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was February 16, 2012.
2010
Elections for the office of Pennsylvania State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on May 18, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was March 9, 2010.
Elections for the office of Pennsylvania House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on May 18, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was March 9, 2010.
Sessions
Article II of the Pennsylvania Constitution establishes when the General Assembly is to meet. Section 4 of Article II states that the General Assembly is to convene its regular session on the first Tuesday of January each year.
Section 4 gives the Governor of Pennsylvania the authority to convene special sessions of the General Assembly either when he judges a special session to be in the public interest, or when a majority of each legislative House requests a special session.
2022
In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 4, 2022, and adjourn on November 30, 2022.
2021
In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 5, 2021, and adjourn on December 31, 2021.
2020
In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 7, 2020, and adjourn on November 30, 2020.
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| Coronavirus pandemic |
| Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.
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Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. On March 16, 2020, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives adopted temporary rules that would allow members to cast votes remotely.[2]
2019
In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 1, 2019, through December 18, 2019.
2018
In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 2, 2018, through November 30, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here.
2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2017, through December 31, 2017.
| Click [show] to read about the 2017 budget debate. |
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Background
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| Click [show] for past years' session dates. |
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2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 5 through November 30. Major issues in 2016Major issues during the 2016 legislative session included passing a state budget, public employee pension plan reform, and school funding.[12] 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 6 through December 31. Major issues in 2015Major issues during the 2015 legislative session included a severance tax on shale gas, pension reforms, liquor privatization, and judicial reforms.[13] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 7 through November 12. Major issues in 2014Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included public pension reform and liquor privatization.[14] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 2 to December 31. Major issues in 2013Like many other states, Pennsylvania lawmakers had to work on the budget deficit. Other issues included economic development, public pension reform, liquor privatization, and child abuse.[15] In November 2013, the Pennsylvania state House and state Senate voted unanimously on a bill, which was signed by Gov. Tom Corbett (R), to change the state’s unemployment compensation law. The bill closed a loophole that allowed a state employee to retire from his job and begin collecting benefits, only to be hired back as a part-time employee while also collecting unemployment compensation after leaving a previous job. While the law closed a triple-dipping loophole, the changes did not prevent double-dipping, in which a state employee retires, begins collecting pension benefits, and returns to work a part-time position.[16] 2012
In 2012, the legislature was in session from January 3 to November 30. 2011
In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 4 through November 30.[17] 2010
In 2010, the legislature convened its legislative session on January 5, and it remained in session to November 30.[18] |
Role in state budget
- See also: Pennsylvania state budget and finances
Pennsylvania on 
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The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[19]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in August.
- State agencies submit their requests to the governor in October.
- Agency hearings are held between December and January.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in February. In a governor's first term, the budget proposal is submitted in March.
- The legislature adopts a budget by June 30. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.
Pennsylvania is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[19]
The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. While the legislature is not legally required to pass a balanced budget, the governor is legally required to sign a balanced budget.[19]
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania, the statutory authority to draw congressional district boundaries is vested with the Pennsylvania General Assembly. These lines are subject to gubernatorial veto.[20]
State legislative district lines are drawn by a politician commission. Established in 1968, the commission comprises five members:[20]
- The majority leader of the Pennsylvania State Senate appoints one member.
- The minority leader of the Pennsylvania State Senate appoints one member.
- The majority leader of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives appoints one member.
- The minority leader of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives appoints one member.
- The first four commissioners appoint a fifth member to serve as the commission's chair. If the commission is unable to reach an agreement, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court must appoint a commission chair.[20]
The Pennsylvania Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and compact. Further, state legislative districts should "respect county, city, incorporated town, borough, township and ward boundaries." There are no such requirements in place for congressional districts.[20]
2020
On February 4, 2022, the Pennsylvania Legislative Reapportionment Commission voted 4-1 to approve new state House and Senate maps.[1] House Majority Leader Kerry Benninghoff (R) voted no, while Senate Majority Leader Kim Ward (R), state Rep. Joanna McClinton (D), state Sen. Jay Costa (D), and chairman Mark Nordenberg voted yes.[1] These maps take effect for Pennsylvania's 2022 legislative elections.
Click here to view the maps.
Reactions
Following the approval of the maps, commission Chairman Mark Nordenberg said: "I believe that we have succeeded by virtually any measure. [...] Even if imperfect, these are good maps that are fair, that are responsive to the requirements of the law, and that will serve the interests of the people of Pennsylvania for the next decade."[1] House Majority Leader Kerry Benninghoff (R) criticized the maps, saying: "Our goal is to follow the constitution. [...] This is, in my opinion, trying to make water flow uphill."[1]
2010
Pennsylvania received its local census data on March 9, 2011. The state had a 3.4 percent growth rate from 2000-2010, which was below the national average of 9.7 percent. The five most populous cities in the state did not follow a trend: Philadelphia grew by 0.6 percent, Pittsburgh decreased by 8.6 percent, Allentown grew by 10.7 percent, Erie decreased by 1.9 percent, and Reading grew by 8.5 percent. The county with the largest rate of growth was Forest County with a 56 percent rate of growth.[21]
On August 17, 2011, the Commission approved the census data and went to work on a preliminary map, which it passed on October 31, 2011, by a vote of 3-2. Final maps were approved on December 12, 2011, by a 4-1 vote. There was a 30-day window to file appeals, of which 11 were filed. The state Supreme Court threw out the maps on January 25, 2012, after appeals were heard.
The commission met on April 12, 2012, to vote in favor of a compromise map, which contained two Senate district splits and 68 House splits. On June 8, the commission approved the final plan, which went to the state Supreme Court for final approval.
Legislators
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislators | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $90,335/year | $178/day |
When sworn in
Pennsylvania legislators assume office on the first day of December after a general election.[22]
Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Senators are elected for four years. Senators' terms are staggered with only half of the Senate contested at each election.
As of the 2020 Census, Pennsylvania state senators represented an average of 260,054 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 254,047 residents.
| Party | As of April 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 20 | |
| Republican Party | 28 | |
| Independent | 1 | |
| Vacancies | 1 | |
| Total | 50 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
Between 1992 and 2020, partisan control of the Pennsylvania State Senate shifted in favor of the Republican Party. The 1992 elections resulted in a split 25-25 balance. Republicans gained a majority in 1994 and held it through the 2020 elections. The table below shows the partisan history of the Pennsylvania State Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2020. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Pennsylvania State Senate Party Control: 1992-2020
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 25 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 23 | 20 | 16 | 21 | 21 |
| Republicans | 25 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 27 | 30 | 34 | 29 | 29 |
Between 1992 and 2020, the elections where Republicans picked up the most state Senate seats occurred in 1994 and 2016. Republicans gained four seats in each of those elections. The 1994 elections moved the chamber from a split balance to a Republican majority. Democrats' largest gains occurred in the 2018 elections, when they picked up five seats and reduced the Republican majority to 29-21.
Between 2010 and 2016, Republicans increased their majority from a 10-seat advantage after 2010 to an 18-seat advantage after 2016. Republicans were reduced to an 8-seat advantage after the 2018 election. That majority didn't change in 2020.
House of Representatives
The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the Pennsylvania General Assembly. There are 203 members, elected for two year terms from single member districts. Elections are held in November of even numbered years.
As of the 2020 Census, Pennsylvania state representatives represented an average of 64,052 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 62,573 residents.
| Party | As of April 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 88 | |
| Republican Party | 112 | |
| Vacancies | 3 | |
| Total | 203 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
Between 1992 and 2020, partisan control of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives fluctuated between the Democratic and Republican parties. After the 1992 elections, Democrats held a 105-98 majority. Since that year, control of the chamber changed three times. House Republicans had a 111-92 majority after the 2020 elections. The table below shows the partisan history of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives following every general election from 1992 to 2020. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Pennsylvania House of Representatives Party Control: 1992-2020
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 105 | 101 | 99 | 100 | 99 | 94 | 93 | 102 | 104 | 91 | 93 | 84 | 82 | 93 | 92 |
| Republicans | 98 | 102 | 104 | 103 | 104 | 109 | 110 | 101 | 99 | 112 | 110 | 119 | 121 | 110 | 111 |
Republicans picked up four seats and gained control of the chamber in 1994. That Republican majority held until the 2006 elections, when Democrats gained nine seats. The chamber returned to a Republican majority in 2010 after Republicans picked up 13 seats.
Between 2010 and 2016, Republicans expanded their majorities from 112-91 in 2010 to 121-82 in 2016 but lost some of those gains resulting in a 110-93 majority after the 2018 elections. Democrats reduced the Republican majority by two seats in 2012. Republicans gained nine seats and two seats in 2014 and 2016, respectively. In the 2018 elections, Democrats picked up 11 seats but did not win control of the chamber. Republicans picked up one seat in the 2020 elections.
District maps
State Senate
State House
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Pennsylvania are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.
| Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 136 of the 203 members in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and 34 of the 50 members in the Pennsylvania State Senate. Pennsylvania is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?
| Vetoes can be overridden when the next regular session convenes, provided that an election has not occurred.[23] |
Authority: Article IV, Section 15 of the Pennsylvania Constitution.
| "Every bill which shall have passed both Houses shall be presented to the Governor; if he approves he shall sign it, but if he shall not approve he shall return it with his objections to the House in which it shall have originated, which House shall enter the objections at large upon their journal, and proceed to re-consider it. If after such re-consideration, two-thirds of all the members elected to that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other House by which likewise it shall be re-considered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the members elected to that House it shall be a law; but in such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journals of each House, respectively." |
History
Partisan balance 1992-2013
Pennsylvania State Senate: From 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Pennsylvania State Senate for one year while the Republicans were the majority for 21 years. The Pennsylvania State Senate is one of 13 state senates that was Republican for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992-2013. Pennsylvania was under Republican trifectas for the final three years of the study.
Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state senates from 1992 to 2013.
Pennsylvania State House of Representatives: From 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives for seven years while the Republicans were the majority for 15 years. Pennsylvania was under Republican trifectas for the final three years of the study.
Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican State Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania State Senate and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
.PNG)
SQLI and partisanship
- To read the full report on the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI) in PDF form, click here.
The chart below depicts the partisanship of Pennsylvania state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Pennsylvania had a Democratic trifecta in 1993, but switched two years later to a Republican trifecta that lasted from 1995-2002. The state had a divided government for many years until a Republican trifecta returned in 2011. Pennsylvania's worst SQLI ranking, finishing 30th, occurred in 1994 during a divided government and in 2012 during a Republican trifecta. The state's best ranking, finishing 19th, occurred from 1999-2000 during a Republican trifecta and again in 2004 during a divided government.
- SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 25.00
- SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 23.70
- SQLI average with divided government: 25.20
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Pennsylvania Constitution can be amended:
The Pennsylvania Constitution is only explicit about one way to change the constitution, namely, the process of a legislatively referred constitutional amendment. The constitution does not lay out the rules for how a constitutional convention can be called, but the state has held five such conventions, most recently in 1968 when the current constitution was adopted.[24]
- The rules governing legislatively referred constitutional amendments are in Article XI, which has only one section.
- Either chamber of the Pennsylvania General Assembly can propose amendments.
- If a simple majority of both chambers approves of a proposed amendment, that amendment must be "published three months before the next general election, in at least two newspapers in every county in which such newspapers shall be published."
- In the next session of the legislature, the amendment must be considered again. If it is approved a second time by a simple majority of both houses, the amendment goes on a statewide ballot.
- The statewide vote on the measure can be on any election date, as determined by the state legislature.
- The same amendment cannot be submitted more than once in any five-year period.
- Separate amendments must be voted on separately.
- Pennsylvania also has a unique requirement for those times when the state legislature believes that a "major emergency threatens or is about to threaten the Commonwealth." If this happens, the proposed emergency amendment can be approved to go on a statewide ballot by two-thirds of the members of each branch of the legislature in one legislative session. Election officials must promptly publish a notice of an election on the amendment "in at least two newspapers in every county" and the election can occur quickly but "at least one month after being agreed to by both Houses." Separate emergency amendments must be voted on separately.
- Regarding constitutional conventions, the state legislature appears to take as a matter of tradition, rather than explicit constitutional direction, that it can vote to put a constitutional convention question on the ballot. For example, Ann Livak wrote in "Pennsylvania's Constitutions and the Amendment Process — Where it Began, Where it is Now" that, "...in 1961, the Committee for State Constitutional Revision led by Milton J. Shapp got underway and in 1963 forced the legislature to call for a referendum on a constitutional convention....The 1967 legislature gave priority to constitutional revision and passed a convention enabling bill as well as the amendments awaiting second passage." This suggests that the legislature voted only once to put the convention question on the ballot.[24]
Pennsylvania is one of the states that does not feature the power of initiated constitutional amendments.
Historical context: In Pennsylvania, voters last rejected a ballot measure, titled Question 2, in 1993. Question 2 was a bond measure that would have authorized $25 million in bonds to compensate service members involved in the Persian Gulf Conflict. The last time that a constitutional amendment was rejected in 1989. The defeated constitutional amendment related to real estate tax rates and personal income tax rates.
Between 1995 and 2021, the following occurred:
- A total of 22 measures appeared on statewide ballots.
- The number of measures appearing on statewide ballots ranged from zero to four.
- Voters approved 100 percent (12 of 12) of statewide ballot measures in even-numbered years.
| Legislatively referred constitutional amendments, 1995-2021 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | Approved | Percent approved | Defeated | Percent defeated | Odd-year average | Odd-year median | Odd-year minimum | Odd-year maximum | |
| 22 | 22 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.00% | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 4 | |
2023 measures:
- See also: Pennsylvania 2023 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2023.
2022 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2022 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2022.
- See also: Pennsylvania 2022 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2022.
- Pennsylvania Districts for State Supreme, Superior, and Commonwealth Court Elections Amendment (2022)
- Pennsylvania Eliminate Separate Ballot Requirement for Judicial Retention Elections Amendment (2022)
- Pennsylvania No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment (2022)
- Pennsylvania Lieutenant Governor Selection Amendment (2023)
See also
| Elections | Pennsylvania State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
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 |
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The Daily Review, "Final Pa. legislative maps approved by redistricting panel, but legal challenges likely," February 5, 2022
- ↑ The Philadelphia Inquirer, "Pennsylvania legislature will vote remotely as coronavirus spreads," March 16, 2020
- ↑ The Inquirer, "S&P threatens to cut Pa. credit rating," July 6, 2017
- ↑ The Morning Call, "Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf to let budget become law," July 11, 201
- ↑ U.S. News, "Pennsylvania Budget Takes Effect Amid Fight Over Funding It," July 10, 2017
- ↑ U.S. News, "Pennsylvania Senate Approves Higher Taxes to Balance Budget," July 27, 2017
- ↑ NBC 10, "Budget Bills Are Ugly But Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf Has Little Choice But to Sign," October 28, 2017
- ↑ The Inquirer Daily News, "Wolf signs bills to balance Pa. budget with gambling and borrowing, hints of veto of education bill," October 30, 2017
- ↑ The Morning Call, "Pennsylvania's budget still not finished," July 5, 2017
- ↑ The Inquirer, "PA. budget talks drag on," July 5, 2017
- ↑ Lehigh Valley, "House, Senate send Pennsylvania budget to Gov. Wolf," June 30, 2017
- ↑ Penn Live, "New year, old issues: Pennsylvania legislative leaders meet on budget Tuesday," accessed January 6, 2016
- ↑ Law 360, "Pennsylvania Legislation And Regulation To Watch In 2015," accessed January 22, 2015
- ↑ Penn Live, "Pa. Senate Prez: Do away with 'obsolete, unsustainable' pensions or face budget crash: Friday Morning Coffee," January 10, 2014
- ↑ Post-Gazette, "Pennsylvania lawmakers start settling in," January 2, 2013
- ↑ The Reporter Online, "Triple-dipping loophole in Pa. unemployment law finally closed," accessed December 6, 2013
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 6, 2014(Archived)
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2010 session dates for Pennsylvania legislature," accessed June 6, 2014(Archived)
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2015," accessed February 5, 2021
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 All About Redistricting, "Pennsylvania," accessed May 8, 2015
- ↑ Census.gov, "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Pennsylvania's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting," March 9, 2011
- ↑ Pennsylvania Constitution, "Article II, Section 2," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Pennsylvania Code, "§ 9.127. Passage of vetoed bill.," accessed July 3, 2017
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 23 Pennsylvania Law Weekly 324 (March 27, 2000)
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