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Pennsylvania Superior Court

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Pennsylvania Superior Court
Intermediate Appellate Courts Seal-template.png
Court information
Judges:   15
Founded:   1895
Salary:  Associates: $247,188[1]
Judicial selection
Method:   Partisan election of judges
Term:   10 years

The Pennsylvania Superior Court is one of Pennsylvania's two statewide intermediate appellate courts, the other being the commonwealth court. The superior court was established in 1895. It reviews most of the civil and criminal cases that are appealed from the courts of common pleas in the state's 67 counties.[2]

The superior court consists of 15 judges who are elected to serve ten-year terms.[3] Members of the superior court may appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to be considered for a position as a senior judge on the superior court. Senior judges do not actively sit on the superior court, but they remain available to participate on the court. One term as a senior judge is three years in length.[4]

  • Published opinions of the Pennsylvania Superior Court can be found here.

Judges

Judges of the Pennsylvania Superior Court

Active judges

Judge Party Appointed By Assumed Office Bachelors Law

Mary Jane Bowes

Republican Party

Elected

January 7, 2002 -

Georgetown University, 1976

University of Pittsburgh School of Law, 1979

Jack Panella

Democratic Party

Elected

January 9, 2004 -

St. John's University, 1977

Catholic University, 1980

Anne Lazarus

Democratic Party

Elected

January 4, 2010 -

State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1972

Temple University, Beasley School of Law, 1976

Judith Olson

Republican Party

Elected

January 4, 2010 -

St. Francis University, 1979

Duquesne University School of Law, 1982

Vic Stabile

Republican Party

Elected

January 1, 2014 -

State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1979

Pennsylvania State University, 1982

Alice B. Dubow

Democratic Party

Elected

January 15, 2016 -

University of Pennsylvania, 1981

University of Pennsylvania, 1984

Carolyn H. Nichols

Democratic Party

Elected

January 1, 2018 -

Temple University, 1978

Temple University School of Law, 1985

Deborah A. Kunselman

Democratic Party

Elected

January 1, 2018 -

Penn State University, 1989

University of Notre Dame Law School, 1992

Maria McLaughlin

Democratic Party

Elected

January 1, 2018 -

Pennsylvania State University, 1988

Widener University School of Law, 1992

Mary P. Murray

Republican Party

Elected

January 1, 2018 -

Duquesne University, 1992

Duquesne University School of Law, 1996

Megan McCarthy King

Republican Party

Elected

January 3, 2020 -

Vanderbilt University, 1992

University of Pittsburgh School of Law, 1995

Megan Sullivan

Republican Party

Elected

January 3, 2022 -

Saint Joseph's University, 1993

Temple University, Beasley School of Law, 2001

Jill Beck

Democratic Party January 1, 2024 -

Timika Lane

Democratic Party January 1, 2024 -

Howard University, 1994

Rutgers-Camden School of Law, 2002


Senior judges

Judge Party Appointed By Assumed Office Bachelors Law

Correale Stevens

Republican Party 2016 -

Pennsylvania State University

Dickinson School of Law

James Gardner Colins

Nonpartisan 2019 -

University of Pennsylvania, 1968

Villanova University, 1971

John T. Bender

Republican Party 2023 -

Pennsylvania State University

Duquesne University School of Law, 1976


Court seal

Vacancies

There is one current vacancy on the Pennsylvania Superior Court, out of the court's 15 judicial positions.

Pending nominations

There are no pending nominees for this court.

Salary

See also: Pennsylvania court salaries and budgets

In 2025, the associate judges of the court received a salary of $247,188, according to the National Center for State Courts.[5]

Judicial selection

See also: Judicial selection in Pennsylvania

The 15 judges of the Pennsylvania Superior Court are selected in partisan elections.[6]

Judges serve 10-year terms, after which they must run in yes-no retention elections if they wish to remain on the court. A separate part of the ballot is designated for these elections, and judges' names appear without respect to party affiliation.[6][7] To learn more about these elections, visit the Pennsylvania judicial elections page.

Qualifications

To serve on the Pennsylvania Superior Court, a judge must:

  • have state residence for at least one year;
  • be a member of the state bar; and
  • be under the age of 75.[6][8]

President judge

The Pennsylvania Superior Court selects its president judge by peer vote. The president serves in that capacity for five years.[6][9]

Vacancies

See also: How vacancies are filled in state supreme courts

In the event of a midterm vacancy, the governor appoints a successor who must be approved by a two-thirds vote of the Pennsylvania Senate. Interim judges stand for election at the next municipal election occurring more than 10 months after the vacancy occurred.[6]

By tradition, appointed interim judges of the supreme court, superior court, or court of appeals do not go on to run for permanent seats. In other words, the governor appoints these judges with the expectation that the judge will only fill the interim vacancy.[6]

Elections

See also: Pennsylvania intermediate appellate court elections, 2029

Judith Olson's seat


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


Megan McCarthy King's seat


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


Anne Lazarus's seat


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


See also: Pennsylvania intermediate appellate court elections, 2027

Carolyn Nichols's seat


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


Deborah Kunselman's seat


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


Mary Murray's seat


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


Maria McLaughlin's seat


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


See also: Pennsylvania intermediate appellate court elections, 2025

Retention election: Alice Dubow's seat

Pennsylvania Superior Court

Alice B. Dubow was retained to the Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 4, 2025 with 64.6% of the vote.

Retention Vote
%
Votes
✔ Yes
 
64.6
 
932,662
No
 
35.4
 
511,374
Total Votes 1,444,036

 Source

Special election: Daniel D. McCaffery's seat

General election

Special general election for Pennsylvania Superior Court

Brandon Neuman (D) defeated Maria Battista (R) and Daniel Wassmer (Liberal Party) in the special general election for Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 4, 2025.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Brandon Neuman
Brandon Neuman (D)  Candidate Connection
 
59.6
 
877,735
Image of Maria Battista
Maria Battista (R)
 
38.4
 
565,640
Image of Daniel Wassmer
Daniel Wassmer (Liberal Party)
 
2.1
 
30,210

There were no incumbents in this race. Source

Total votes: 1,473,585
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary

Special Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court

Brandon Neuman (D) advanced from the special Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 20, 2025.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Brandon Neuman
Brandon Neuman  Candidate Connection
 
99.3
 
843,400
  Other/Write-in votes
 
0.7%
 
5,590

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2

Total votes: 848,990
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary

Special Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court

Maria Battista (R) defeated Ann Marie Wheatcraft (R) in the special Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 20, 2025.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Maria Battista
Maria Battista
 
53.7
 
355,760
Image of Ann Marie Wheatcraft
Ann Marie Wheatcraft
 
45.7
 
302,592
  Other/Write-in votes
 
0.6%
 
4,266

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source 1 Source 2

Total votes: 662,618
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

See also: Pennsylvania intermediate appellate court elections, 2023

Retention election: Vic Stabile's seat

Pennsylvania Superior Court

Vic Stabile was retained to the Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 7, 2023 with 61.1% of the vote.

Retention Vote
%
Votes
✔ Yes
 
61.1
 
1,577,550
No
 
38.9
 
1,005,336
Total Votes 2,582,886

The results have been certified. Source

Retention election: Jack Panella's seat

Pennsylvania Superior Court

Jack Panella was retained to the Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 7, 2023 with 67.3% of the vote.

Retention Vote
%
Votes
✔ Yes
 
67.3
 
1,778,318
No
 
32.7
 
864,594
Total Votes 2,642,912

The results have been certified. Source

Regular election

General election

General election for Pennsylvania Superior Court (2 seats)

Jill Beck (D) and Timika Lane (D) defeated Maria Battista (R) and Harry Smail Jr. (R) in the general election for Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 7, 2023.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Jill Beck
Jill Beck (D)
 
28.0
 
1,572,023
✔
Image of Timika Lane
Timika Lane (D)
 
25.5
 
1,431,550
Image of Maria Battista
Maria Battista (R)
 
24.1
 
1,353,555
Image of Harry Smail Jr.
Harry Smail Jr. (R)
 
22.3
 
1,251,817

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 5,608,945
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary

Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court (2 seats)

Jill Beck (D) and Timika Lane (D) defeated Patrick F. Dugan (D) in the Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 16, 2023.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Jill Beck
Jill Beck
 
40.3
 
694,115
✔
Image of Timika Lane
Timika Lane
 
37.9
 
653,020
Image of Patrick F. Dugan
Patrick F. Dugan
 
21.7
 
373,619

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 1,720,754
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary

Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court (2 seats)

Maria Battista (R) and Harry Smail Jr. (R) advanced from the Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 16, 2023.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Maria Battista
Maria Battista
 
52.9
 
626,159
✔
Image of Harry Smail Jr.
Harry Smail Jr.
 
47.1
 
557,707

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 1,183,866
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

See also: Pennsylvania intermediate appellate court elections, 2021

Regular election: Vacancy

General election

General election for Pennsylvania Superior Court

Megan Sullivan (R) defeated Timika Lane (D) in the general election for Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 2, 2021.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Megan Sullivan
Megan Sullivan (R)  Candidate Connection
 
53.6
 
1,478,252
Image of Timika Lane
Timika Lane (D)  Candidate Connection
 
46.4
 
1,278,771

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 2,757,023
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary

Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court

Timika Lane (D) defeated Jill Beck (D) and Bryan Neft (D) in the Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 18, 2021.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Timika Lane
Timika Lane  Candidate Connection
 
48.8
 
482,433
Image of Jill Beck
Jill Beck
 
39.7
 
392,205
Image of Bryan Neft
Bryan Neft  Candidate Connection
 
11.5
 
113,393

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 988,031
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary

Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court

Megan Sullivan (R) advanced from the Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 18, 2021.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Megan Sullivan
Megan Sullivan  Candidate Connection
 
100.0
 
881,046

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 881,046
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Retention election: Mary Jane Bowes retention election

Pennsylvania Superior Court

Mary Jane Bowes was retained to the Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 2, 2021 with 63.3% of the vote.

Retention Vote
%
Votes
✔ Yes
 
63.3
 
1,447,916
No
 
36.7
 
839,106
Total Votes 2,287,022

The results have been certified. Source

Retention election: John Bender retention election

Pennsylvania Superior Court

John T. Bender was retained to the Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 2, 2021 with 62.2% of the vote.

Retention Vote
%
Votes
✔ Yes
 
62.2
 
1,428,650
No
 
37.8
 
868,407
Total Votes 2,297,057

The results have been certified. Source

See also: Pennsylvania intermediate appellate court elections, 2019

Regular election

General election

General election for Pennsylvania Superior Court (2 seats)

Daniel D. McCaffery (D) and Megan McCarthy King (R) defeated Amanda Green-Hawkins (D) and Christylee Peck (R) in the general election for Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 5, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Daniel D. McCaffery
Daniel D. McCaffery (D)
 
25.8
 
1,273,658
✔
Image of Megan McCarthy King
Megan McCarthy King (R)
 
25.4
 
1,252,065
Image of Amanda Green-Hawkins
Amanda Green-Hawkins (D)
 
25.1
 
1,235,827
Image of Christylee Peck
Christylee Peck (R)  Candidate Connection
 
23.7
 
1,166,201

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 4,927,751
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary

Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court (2 seats)

Amanda Green-Hawkins (D) and Daniel D. McCaffery (D) defeated Beth Tarasi Sinatra (D) in the Democratic primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 21, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Amanda Green-Hawkins
Amanda Green-Hawkins
 
38.0
 
480,225
✔
Image of Daniel D. McCaffery
Daniel D. McCaffery
 
32.2
 
407,660
Image of Beth Tarasi Sinatra
Beth Tarasi Sinatra  Candidate Connection
 
29.8
 
376,885

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 1,264,770
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary

Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court (2 seats)

Megan McCarthy King (R) and Christylee Peck (R) defeated Rebecca L. Warren (R) in the Republican primary for Pennsylvania Superior Court on May 21, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Megan McCarthy King
Megan McCarthy King
 
35.6
 
370,084
✔
Image of Christylee Peck
Christylee Peck  Candidate Connection
 
33.5
 
348,271
Image of Rebecca L. Warren
Rebecca L. Warren
 
30.9
 
321,536

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 1,039,891
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Retention election: Retention election for Judith Olson

Pennsylvania Superior Court

Judith Olson was retained to the Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 5, 2019 with 74.1% of the vote.

Retention Vote
%
Votes
✔ Yes
 
74.1
 
1,461,332
No
 
25.9
 
511,747
Total Votes 1,973,079

The results have been certified. Source

Retention election: Retention election for Anne Lazarus

Pennsylvania Superior Court

Anne Lazarus was retained to the Pennsylvania Superior Court on November 5, 2019 with 74.5% of the vote.

Retention Vote
%
Votes
✔ Yes
 
74.5
 
1,500,891
No
 
25.5
 
513,912
Total Votes 2,014,803

The results have been certified. Source
Previous election results


Ethics

The Pennsylvania Code of Judicial Conduct sets forth ethical guidelines and principles for the conduct of judges and judicial candidates in Pennsylvania. It is composed of four canons:[11]

“

Canons
1. A judge shall uphold and promote the independence, integrity, and impartiality of the judiciary, and shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety.
2. A judge shall perform the duties of judicial office impartially, competently, and diligently.
3. A judge shall conduct the judge’s personal and extrajudicial activities to minimize the risk of conflict with the obligations of judicial office.
4. A judge or candidate for judicial office shall not engage in political or campaign activity that is inconsistent with the independence, integrity, or impartiality of the judiciary.[12]

”

The full text of the Pennsylvania Code of Judicial Conduct can be found here.

Removal of judges

Judges in Pennsylvania may be removed in one of two ways:

  • By the court of judicial discipline, which hears formal charges from the judicial conduct board if the board finds probable cause to file charges
  • Impeachment by the house of representatives, plus conviction by two-thirds of the senate[13]

Statistics

The table below shows appeals statistics for the Pennsylvania Superior Court since 2008. The number of civil and criminal appeals as well as the total number of appeals filed and concluded in a given year are shown. Information in "Pending" columns indicates the number of appeals at that were ending at the conclusion of the year. The "Net change" column shows the change in pending appeals by year. A positive value means there were more appeals pending at the end of the given year than compared to the previous year. A negative value means there were fewer appeals pending at the end of the given year than compared to the previous year.[14]

Appeals filed and concluded, 2008-2019
Year Civil Criminal Total Net
change
Filed Concluded Pending Filed Concluded Pending Filed Concluded Pending
2008 3,248 2,977 2,352 4,738 4,483 4,461 7,986 7,460 6,813 +526[15]
2009 3,302 3,403 2,251 4,867 4,918 4,410 8,169 8,321 6,135 -678
2010 3,100 3,468 1,883 4,550 4,993 3,967 7,650 8,461 5,476 -659
2011 3,133 3,270 1,746 4,542 4,669 3,840 7,675 7,939 6,023 +547
2012 3,063 3,014 1,795 4,744 4,564 4,020 7,807 7,578 6,516 +493
2013 3,118 3,069 1,844 4,851 4,738 4,133 7,969 7,807 6,449 -67
2014 3,036 3,102 1,778 4,875 5,063 3,945 7,911 8,165 6,033 -416
2015 3,209 3,146 1,841 4,953 4,844 4,054 8,162 7,990 6,459 +426
2016 3,183 3,117 1,907 4,782 4,767 4,069 7,965 7,884 6,368 -91
2017 3,136 3,300 1,743 4,883 4,760 4,192 8,019 8,060 6,246 -122
2018 2,909 3,042 1,610 4,714 4,782 4,124 7,623 7,824 6,086 -160
2019 2,939 2,944 1,605 4,658 4,896 3,886 7,597 7,840 6,044 -42

History

The superior court was established in 1895 by the Pennsylvania State Legislature to hear appeals from the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas.

When the court was formed in 1895, it included seven judges who sat together to hear each case that came in front of the court. In 1978, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ordered the court to begin hearing cases in panels of three judges, citing the "exceedingly heavy volume of appeals coming to the Superior Court."[16]

In 1979, the Pennsylvania Constitution was amended to increase the number of judges on the court from seven to its current level of 15. The eight additional positions were filled by 1986.

Judges are both elected and appointed to the court. Seniority is attained according to the length of continuous service on the court, but elected judges receive seniority over appointed judges.[2]

Courts in Pennsylvania

See also: Courts in Pennsylvania

In Pennsylvania, there are three federal district courts, state supreme court, a superior court, a commonwealth court, and trial courts with both general and limited jurisdiction. These courts serve different purposes, which are outlined in the sections below.

Click a link for information about that court type.

The image below depicts the flow of cases through Pennsylvania's state court system. Cases typically originate in the trial courts and can be appealed to courts higher up in the system.

The structure of Pennsylvania's state court system.

Party control of Pennsylvania government

Pennsylvania has a divided government where neither party holds a trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and the lower chamber of the state legislature, while the Republican Party controls the upper chamber of the state legislature.

Pennsylvania Party Control: 1992-2025
One year of a Democratic trifecta  •  Twelve years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate R D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D

See also

Pennsylvania Judicial Selection More Courts
Seal of Pennsylvania.png
Judicialselectionlogo.png
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Courts in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court
Pennsylvania Superior Court
Pennsylvania Supreme Court
Elections: 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017
Gubernatorial appointments
Judicial selection in Pennsylvania
Federal courts
State courts
Local courts

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The salary of the chief judge may be higher than an associate judge.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania, "Superior Court of Pennsylvania," accessed May 11, 2021
  3. ↑ Pennsylvania State Legislature, "Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania," accessed May 11, 2021
  4. ↑ Ballotpedia staff, "Personal communication with Stacey Witalec," June 7, 2019
  5. ↑ National Center for State Courts, "2025 Salaries and Rankings," accessed October 8, 2025
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 American Judicature Society, "Methods of Judicial Selection: Pennsylvania," archived October 3, 2014
  7. ↑ The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania, "In Re: Nomination Papers of Marakay Rogers, Christina Valente and Carl J. Romanelli," November 7, 2006
  8. ↑ 2018 Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, "Title 42, Chapter 33, Section 3351," accessed August 25, 2020
  9. ↑ The Pennsylvania Code, "Chapter 7. Assignment of Judges," accessed September 3, 2014
  10. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of State, "2017 Municipal Election Information," accessed March 9, 2017
  11. ↑ Judicial Conduct Board of Pennsylvania, "Code of Judicial Conduct: Effective July 1, 2014," accessed August 20, 2025
  12. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  13. ↑ The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania, "History of the Judicial Disciplinary Process in Pennsylvania," accessed August 20, 2025
  14. ↑ The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania, "Caseload Statistics," May 11, 2021
  15. ↑ There were 6,287 appeals pending at the end of 2007.
  16. ↑ Pennsylvania Superior Court, "History of the Superior Court," accessed May 11, 2021

Pennsylvania courts

Federal courts:

Third Circuit Court of Appeals • U.S. District Court: Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Middle District of Pennsylvania, Western District of Pennsylvania • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Middle District of Pennsylvania, Western District of Pennsylvania

State courts:

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania • Pennsylvania Superior Court • Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court • Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas • Pennsylvania Magisterial Districts

State resources:

Courts in Pennsylvania • Pennsylvania judicial elections • Judicial selection in Pennsylvania

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State intermediate appellate courts
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