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Presidential Executive Order 13256 (George W. Bush, 2002)

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Executive Order 13256: President's Board of Advisors of Historically Black Colleges and Universities was a presidential executive order issued by President George W. Bush (R) in February 2002 that reestablished the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities within the Office of the Secretary of Education. The executive order extended the presidential advisory board "to advance equal opportunity in higher education, to strengthen the capacity of historically black colleges and universities to provide the highest quality education, and to increase opportunities for these institutions to participate in and benefit from Federal programs, as do other colleges and universities," according to the order.[1]

Background

Executive Order 13256 followed the tradition of earlier presidential executive orders—each revoking and replacing the order from the previous administration—aiming to support historically Black colleges and universities. President Jimmy Carter (D) first issued Executive Order 12232 on August 8, 1980. Carter's order established the White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities and directed the secretary of education to "implement a Federal initiative designed to achieve a significant increase in the participation by historically Black colleges and universities in Federally sponsored programs.”[2] President Ronald Reagan (R) re-established the initiative in 1981 through Executive Order 12320.[2]

When President George H.W. Bush (R) re-established the initiative in 1989 via Executive Order 12677, he also created the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges to advise the secretary of education on "the annual development of a Federal program designed to achieve an increase in the participation by historically Black colleges and universities in federally sponsored programs" and on "how to increase the private sector role in strengthening historically Black colleges and universities," according to the order.[2][1] Executive Order 12876, issued by President Bill Clinton (D) in 1993, re-established both the White House initiative and the board of advisors.[2]

Executive Order 13256

President George W. Bush (R) re-established the board of advisors through Executive Order 13256, titled "President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities," on February 12, 2022.[1]

Provisions

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Establishment of the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Section 1 of E.O. 13256 established the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities. It instructed the board to prepare an annual report on the participation and results of historically Black colleges and universities in federal programs and present findings to the president. Section 1 also stated that the board will provide advice to the president and secretary of education about the needs of historically black colleges.[1]

Board membership

Section 2 of E.O. 13256 stated that the board shall be appointed by the president and that its membership will include the presidents of historically Black colleges and universities, representatives from other higher education institutions, business leaders, members of private foundations, and secondary school administrators. Section 2 stated that the president shall name the chair or co-chairs from among the members of the board.[1]

Federal grant assistance

Section 4 of E.O. 13256 states that each department or agency identified by the secretary of education may enter into grants, contracts, and agreements with historically Black colleges. It states that each department or agency identified by the secretary of education shall establish a plan identifying goals to increase the capacity of historically Black colleges to compete for grants, contracts, and agreements for federal programs. Section 4 states that each department or agency shall provide technical assistance to historically Black colleges while preparing applications and proposals for grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements.[1]

Section 5 of E.O. 13256 states that each department or agency identified by the secretary of education shall appoint a senior official to serve as a liaison between the department or agency and the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities.[1]

Annual plan

Section 6 of E.O. 13256 states that each agency or department identified by the secretary of education shall develop an annual plan for increasing the capacity of historically Black colleges to participate in federal programs. It states that each plan shall "describe new or existing department and agency programs and measurable objectives for proposed department and agency actions, in connection with those programs, to achieve the purposes of this order. These plans shall be submitted at such time and in such form as the Secretary shall require." Section 6 states that after the plan has been submitted and reviewed by the secretary, the secretary will produce an Annual Federal Plan for Assistance to Historically Black Colleges and Universities. After the plan is created, the secretary of education shall provide the president of each historically Black college and university with a copy of the plan. The presidents of those universities will then be given the opportunity to comment on the proposed plan and then it shall be submitted to the president. After the annual plan is approved by the president, Section 6 states that the secretary of education is responsible for monitoring compliance with the plan.[1]

Section 7 of E.O. 13256 states that while developing its annual plan each department or agency identified by the secretary of Eeucation shall emphasize programs to develop the capacity of historically Black colleges. Section 7 states five ways that programs and activities can develop the capacity of historically Black colleges:[1]

  • "[I]nfrastructure development and acquisitions for instruction and research"
  • "[S]tudent and faculty doctoral fellowships and faculty development"
  • "[D]omestic and international faculty and student exchanges and study-abroad opportunities"
  • "[U]ndergraduate and graduate student internships"
  • "[S]ummer, parttime, and permanent employment opportunities"[1]

Section 8 of E.O. 13256 states that the board shall report the progress achieved to the president each year.

Aftermath

Executive Order 13532, issued by President Barack Obama (D), revoked E.O. 13256 on February 26, 2010, and re-established the White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities and the President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities.[3]

President Donald Trump (R) later re-established the White House initiative and the board through his 2017 Executive Order 13779. Unlike prior approaches, which had housed the White House initiative with the Department of Education, Trump established the initiative within the Executive Office of the President.[4]

Executive Order 14041, issued by President Joe Biden (D), re-established the White House initiative (renamed the White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity through Historically Black Colleges and Universities) and the board of advisors within the Department of Education. The order stated that "it is the policy of my Administration to advance educational equity, excellence, and economic opportunity in partnership with HBCUs, and to ensure that these vital institutions of higher learning have the resources and support to continue to thrive for generations to come."[5]

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 White House Archives, Executive Order 13256, accessed March 2, 2023
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Department of Education, White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity through Historically Black Colleges and Universities, accessed March 22, 2023
  3. ↑ White House Archives, Executive Order 13532, accessed March 22, 2023
  4. ↑ Ed.gov, Executive Order 13779, accessed March 22, 2023
  5. ↑ Gov info, Executive Order 14041, accessed March 22, 2023
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