Know your vote. Take a look at your sample ballot now!

Presidential campaign pageviews on Ballotpedia, 2024

From Ballotpedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2024 Presidential Election
Date: November 5, 2024
White House Logo.png

Presidential candidates
Democratic Party Kamala Harris (D)
Republican Party Donald Trump (R) (won)
Green Party Jill Stein (G)
Libertarian Party Chase Oliver (L)

Battleground statesList of registered candidatesElectoral CollegePrediction marketsPresidential debatesImportant datesPresidential election by stateCampaign financeLogos and slogansKey staffersVice presidential candidatesPolicy positionsBallotpedia's presidential election coverage index
Primaries
DemocraticRepublicanGreenLibertarian

Ballotpedia's presidential election coverage
2028202420202016


Long before candidates such as Donald Trump (R) and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) won elections, they bested their opponents in pageviews on Ballotpedia.

Like other websites, Ballotpedia's servers count how many times each page is visited. These pageview statistics indicate readers' relative interest in the page's subject. This page served as a hub for publication and analysis of pageview statistics for 2024 presidential primary campaign pages.

Our objective in publishing these figures is to provide readers with the same information that we have on the levels of interest that 2024 presidential candidates are drawing. We hope that you will enjoy exploring and finding trends in the data.

Visiting a page is not an endorsement of a candidate, so pageviews should not be equated with support. Readers come to a campaign page because they think the candidate is worth knowing more about, whether the reader believes the candidate has a strong chance of winning or is an unknown who warrants a closer look. The following statistics reflect the time investments of our community of thousands of readers.

Pageview statistics are only collected in the aggregate; in other words, we count the number of visitors a given page receives but not information such as what other pages a particular reader visits.

Visits to a page were tracked on a weekly basis from Sunday to Saturday. This page was first published on October 2, 2023, and was updated through March 18, 2024.

Click here to view our campaign pageview analysis in the 2020 presidential election.

On this page, you will find:


List of presidential campaign pages

See also: Presidential candidates, 2024

The pageview information presented here covers the pages for each notable presidential candidate's campaign page on Ballotpedia. Links to each of the pages included in these figures are below.

What pageviews can tell us

Pageview jumps might indicate that a candidate is about to break out in their race. For instance, during the 2016 presidential campaign, Bernie Sanders' Ballotpedia page climbed in pageviews ahead of Sanders' gaining in the polls. Sanders' pageviews on Ballotpedia tended to increase as Google searches for Sanders increased, with Ballotpedia pageviews rising and falling a few weeks after Google searches did. The chart below shows Sanders' relative performance in Google trends and Ballotpedia pageviews between the end of March 2015 and the end of July 2016. Both figures are normalized, with 100 indicating Sanders' relative peak in pageviews and in searches during the period.

We have observed a similar trend in some congressional races. In the Democratic primary for Texas' 7th congressional district in 2018, activist Laura Moser's (D) candidate page notched an increase in pageviews before Moser, who had been third in fundraising and lagged in polling, became the target of a Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee opposition research release. Following the release, Moser spiked in Google searches and performed well enough on election day to make her way into a runoff. For more examples of pageview spikes in past elections, click here.

Lifetime pageview statistics

The following charts (for both Democratic and Republican candidates) contain information on the percentage of total presidential campaign pageviews each presidential campaign's Ballotpedia page received between the page's launch and March 18, 2024, in the eight weeks before March 18, 2024, and in the week before March 18, 2024. They also contain the dates on which Ballotpedia first published each article and the percentage of pageviews each received during their first four full weeks on site. An additional chart for each party shows the percentage of campaign pageviews each page received over the course of the election.

The percentage of pageviews uses a total of pageviews by primary in both the overview tables and the pageviews over time charts. So, for instance, Christie received 5.92% of the total pageviews on Republican presidential campaign pages during the first four weeks his campaign page was on-site, and Kennedy received 49.05% of the total pageviews on Democratic presidential campaign pages during the first four weeks his campaign page was on-site. Withdrawn candidates' campaign pages are included in each total until the week after their withdrawal.

Republican candidates





Pageviews over time

Democratic candidates



Percentage of pageviews over time

Hover your cursor over a particular line to see which candidate it represents and to view more detailed pageview information.

The five largest pageview jumps by month

These are the five largest jumps in percentage of pageviews for each month, calculated as a week-over-week increase. Also included is a summary of the candidate's campaign activity that week.

February 2024

1. Dean Phillips, February 3—February 10 (25.98%)

Dean Phillips' (D) campaign pageviews increased by 25.98% from the week of February 3 to the week of February 10.

2. Ryan Binkley, February 3—February 10 (23.02%)

Ryan Binkley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 23.02% from the week of February 3 to the week of February 10.

3. Ryan Binkley, February 10—February 17 (18.21%)

Ryan Binkley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 18.21% from the week of February 10 to the week of February 17.

4. Dean Phillips, February 10—February 17 (16.46%)

Dean Phillips' (D) campaign pageviews increased by 16.46% from the week of February 10 to the week of February 17.

  • February 16, 2024: Dean Phillips released a video saying he had laid off "a lot of [his] staff members." He said, "I've really worked hard. I put a lot of money in this myself, I've tried making phone calls and doing fundraisers and the things you got to do to run for office, but I found it almost impossible to raise enough to do this campaign the way I want. [...] I'm not giving up. I'm going to continue."[5]

5. Joe Biden, February 3—February 10 (2.94%)

Joe Biden's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 2.94% from the week of February 3 to the week of February 10.

  • February 8, 2024: Biden held a press conference responding to the release of special counsel Robert Hur's report on the investigation into Biden's handling of classified documents. Biden said, "I was pleased to see he reached a firm conclusion that no charges should be brought against me in this case. This was an exhaustive investigation going back more than 40 years, even into the 1970s, when I was still a new United States senator. And the special counsel acknowledged I cooperated completely." Biden also said, "In addition, I know there's some attention paid to some language in the report about my recollection of events. There's even reference that I don't remember when my son died. How in the hell dare he raise that? [...] They don't know what they're talking about. It has no place in this report. The bottom line is the matter is now closed."[6]
  • February 7, 2024: Biden attended three campaign fundraisers in New York City.[7]
  • February 6, 2024: The Nevada Democratic primary took place. Biden won with 89.3% of the vote, followed by the ballot option None of these candidates with 5.8%, and Marianne Williamson (D) with 2.9%. No other candidate received more than 1% of the vote. Biden was allocated all of Nevada's 36 pledged delegates.[8]
  • February 5, 2024: Biden campaigned in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he met with members of the Culinary Workers Union.[9]
  • February 4, 2024: Biden campaigned in Las Vegas, Nevada.[10]
  • February 3, 2024:


January 2024

1. Joe Biden, December 30—January 6 (153.21%)

Joe Biden's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 153.21% from the week of December 30 to the week of January 6.

  • January 5, 2024: Biden delivered remarks about the anniversary of the January 6, 2021, U.S. Capitol breach in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.[13]

2. Marianne Williamson, January 6—January 13 (101.85%)

Marianne Williamson's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 101.85% from the week of January 6 to the week of January 13.

3. Donald Trump, December 30—January 6 (98.44%)

Donald Trump's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 98.44% from the week of December 30 to the week of January 6.

4. Nikki Haley, January 20—January 27 (96.89%)

Nikki Haley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 96.89% from the week of January 20 to the week of January 27.

5. Asa Hutchinson, January 6—January 13 (92.59%)

Asa Hutchinson's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 92.59% from the week of January 6 to the week of January 13.


December 2023

1. Joe Biden, November 25—December 2 (104.50%)

Joe Biden's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 104.50% from the week of November 25 to the week of December 2.

  • November 29, 2023: Biden delivered remarks about manufacturing and renewable energy investments at a wind tower manufacturing plant in Pueblo, Colorado.[45]
  • November 28, 2023: Biden attended a fundraiser in Denver, Colorado. Tamara Totah Picache, a managing partner of the Flatiron Group, an investment firm, hosted the fundraiser.[46]

2. Nikki Haley, November 25—December 2 (89.62%)

Nikki Haley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 89.62% from the week of November 25 to the week of December 2.

  • November 30, 2023: Haley's campaign announced it would begin running a television and digital ad in New Hampshire and Iowa beginning Dec. 1. It was part of a $10 million ad buy in those states.[47]
  • November 29, 2023: Haley campaigned in Meredith and Wolfeboro, New Hampshire.[48][49]
  • November 28, 2023:
    • Haley campaigned in Derry, New Hampshire.[50]
    • Americans for Prosperity Action endorsed Haley. In a memo, the PAC said, "With the largest grassroots operation in the country and a presence in all fifty states, AFP Action’s endorsement will put thousands of AFP Action activists and grassroots leaders into the field - with a focus on the early primary states - knocking on doors and urging voters to support Nikki Haley. Additionally, in the coming days, we’ll launch extensive mail, digital, and connected television campaigns to supplement those on-the-ground efforts."[51]
  • November 27, 2023: Haley held a town hall in Bluffton, South Carolina.[52]

3. Chris Christie, December 2—December 9 (68.09%)

Chris Christie's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 68.09% from the week of December 2 to the week of December 9.

  • December 8, 2023: Christie held town halls at the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire and in Hooksett, New Hampshire.[53][54]
  • December 7, 2023: Christie participated in town halls at Franklin Pierce University in Rindge, at Keene State College in Keene, and at New England College in Henniker, New Hampshire.[55]
  • December 6, 2023: Christie participated in the fourth Republican presidential primary debate in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Click here to read a summary of his statements.

4. Doug Burgum, November 25—December 2 (54.55%)

Doug Burgum's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 54.55% from the week of November 25 to the week of December 2.

  • December 2, 2023: Burgum campaigned in Amherst, New Hampshire.[56]
  • December 1, 2023: Burgum spoke at Franklin Pierce University in Rindge and held campaign events in Concord and Stratham, New Hampshire.[57][58][59]
  • November 29, 2023: Burgum spoke about the future of conservatism at an American Conservation Coalition Action event in Manchester, New Hampshire.[60]

5. Vivek Ramaswamy, December 23—December 30 (52.51%)

Vivek Ramaswamy's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 52.51% from the week of December 23 to the week of December 30.


November 2023

1. Chris Christie, November 4—November 11 (137.24%)

Chris Christie's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 137.24% from the week of November 4 to the week of November 11.

2. Marianne Williamson, November 4—November 11 (106.40%)

Marianne Williamson's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 106.40% from the week of November 4 to the week of November 11.

3. Vivek Ramaswamy, November 4—November 11 (99.45%)

Vivek Ramaswamy's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 99.45% from the week of November 4 to the week of November 11.

  • November 11, 2023:
    • Ramaswamy held campaign events in Hillsborough and Merrimack, New Hampshire.[71]
    • Ramaswamy's campaign said it would move its headquarters from Columbus, Ohio, to a split headquarters in Iowa and New Hampshire.[72]
  • November 8, 2023: Ramaswamy participated in the third Republican presidential primary debate in Miami, Florida. Click here to read a summary of his statements.
  • November 7, 2023: Ramaswamy held a rally in Miami, Florida, where he spoke about his No to Neocons pledge. The pledge said, "In order to be considered for a position within the Ramaswamy Administration, every prospective political appointee must commit to and sign this pledge: 1) Avoiding WW3 is a vital national objective; 2) War is never a preference, only a necessity; 3) The sole duty of U.S. policymakers is to U.S. citizens."[73][74]
  • November 4, 2023: Ramaswamy spoke at the Florida Republican Party's Freedom Summit in Orlando, Florida.[75] Click here to view his remarks.

4. Doug Burgum, November 4—November 11 (85.53%)

Doug Burgum's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 85.53% from the week of November 4 to the week of November 11.

  • November 11, 2023: Burgum campaigned in Des Moines, Iowa, and spoke at a Young Republican National Federation forum.[76]
  • November 10, 2023: Burgum campaigned in Merrimack, New Hampshire.[77]
  • November 9, 2023: Burgum wrote an op-ed for The Jamestown Sun titled "Burgum: Why I'm still running." Burgum wrote, "Now, pundits and political insiders want to artificially narrow the field two months before the voting starts by nationalizing what is a meant to be a state-by-state, voter-driven primary process. Political insiders couldn’t force me out when I fell short at the Republican state convention in March 2016. I’m not about to let D.C. insiders force me out now. [...] America loves an underdog, and voters who hear our message understand how important focusing on the economy, energy and national security is to America’s future."[78]
  • November 4, 2023: Burgum spoke at the Florida Republican Party's Freedom Summit in Orlando, Florida.[79] Click here to view his remarks.

5. Asa Hutchinson, November 4—November 11 (77.82%)

Asa Hutchinson's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 77.82% from the week of November 4 to the week of November 11.


October 2023

1. Tim Scott, October 21—October 28 (47.97%)

Tim Scott's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 47.97% from the week of October 21 to the week of October 28.

2. Asa Hutchinson, October 21—October 28 (39.16%)

Asa Hutchinson's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 39.16% from the week of October 21 to the week of October 28.

  • October 28, 2023: Rob Burgess, Hutchinson's campaign manager, said he would resign from the campaign at the end of the month.[92]

3. Mike Pence, October 21—October 28 (33.04%)

Mike Pence's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 33.04% from the week of October 21 to the week of October 28.

  • October 28, 2023: Pence suspended his campaign. During remarks at the Republican Jewish Coalition Conference in Las Vegas, Nevada, Pence said, "After much prayer and deliberation, I have decided to suspend my campaign for president effective today. I'm leaving this campaign, but let me promise you, I will never leave the fight for conservative values and I will never stop fighting to elect principled Republican leaders to every office in the land." Click here to view his remarks.[93]

4. Perry Johnson, October 7—October 14 (31.13%)

Perry Johnson's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 31.13% from the week of October 7 to the week of October 14.

5. Joe Biden, October 21—October 28 (28.07%)

Joe Biden's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 28.07% from the week of October 21 to the week of October 28.

  • October 24, 2023: The Biden campaign said he would not file to run in New Hampshire's Democratic presidential primary since the state has not moved its primary date to comply with the Democratic National Committee's new early state primary calendar.[95]

September 2023

1. Larry Elder, September 23—September 30 (129.56%)

Larry Elder's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 129.56% from the week of September 23 to the week of September 30.

2. Vivek Ramaswamy, September 23—September 30 (127.22%)

Vivek Ramaswamy's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 127.22% from the week of September 23 to the week of September 30.

  • September 27, 2023: Ramaswamy participated in the second Republican presidential primary debate in Simi Valley, California. Click here to read a summary of his statements.
  • September 25, 2023: Ramaswamy released a policy proposal to "dismantle the climate change agenda and harness America’s resource wealth." The plan said, "the U.S. should evolve from Ronald Reagan's dictum of 'peace through strength' to Vivek Ramaswamy's dictum of 'prosperity through peace' - by fortifying our badly-outdated U.S. industrial base through on-shoring production, partnering with democratic allies, and establishing a new floor of 4% of GDP on military expenditures through 2032" and "we cannot depend on an adversary for the health of our citizens: we must reduce - and eventually eliminate - the pharmaceutical supply chain's dependence on China."[97]

3. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., September 23—September 30 (107.22%)

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s (D) campaign pageviews increased by 107.22% from the week of September 23 to the week of September 30.

4. Ryan Binkley, September 16—September 23 (105.65%)

Ryan Binkley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 105.65% from the week of September 16 to the week of September 23.

5. Chris Christie, September 23—September 30 (104.43%)

Chris Christie's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 104.43% from the week of September 23 to the week of September 30.


August 2023

1. Nikki Haley, August 19—August 26 (190.22%)

Nikki Haley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 190.22% from the week of August 19 to the week of August 26.

2. Marianne Williamson, August 19—August 26 (188.11%)

Marianne Williamson's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 188.11% from the week of August 19 to the week of August 26.

3. Joe Biden, August 19—August 26 (166.58%)

Joe Biden's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 166.58% from the week of August 19 to the week of August 26.

  • August 22, 2023: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported the Biden campaign would air a television ad in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, area on Aug. 23, the same day of the first Republican primary debate. The ad is part of a $25 million ad buy.[109]
  • August 21, 2023: Biden visited Maui, Hawaii, following the August 9 wildfire in Lahaina.[110]

4. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., August 19—August 26 (152.15%)

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s (D) campaign pageviews increased by 152.15% from the week of August 19 to the week of August 26.

5. Ron DeSantis, August 19—August 26 (129.79%)

Ron DeSantis' (R) campaign pageviews increased by 129.79% from the week of August 19 to the week of August 26.


July 2023

1. Corey Stapleton, July 22—July 29 (61.11%)

Corey Stapleton's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 61.11% from the week of July 22 to the week of July 29.

Ballotpedia did not identify any campaign activity from Stapleton during this period.

2. Nikki Haley, July 22—July 29 (60.76%)

Nikki Haley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 60.76% from the week of July 22 to the week of July 29.

3. Marianne Williamson, July 22—July 29 (59.38%)

Marianne Williamson's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 59.38% from the week of July 22 to the week of July 29.

4. Tim Scott, July 22—July 29 (51.47%)

Tim Scott's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 51.47% from the week of July 22 to the week of July 29.

5. Francis Suarez, July 22—July 29 (50.70%)

Francis Suarez's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 50.70% from the week of July 22 to the week of July 29.


June 2023

1. Corey Stapleton, June 3—June 10 (91.19%)

Corey Stapleton's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 91.19% from the week of June 3 to the week of June 10.

Ballotpedia did not identify any campaign activity from Stapleton during this period.

2. Vivek Ramaswamy, June 3—June 10 (74.23%)

Vivek Ramaswamy's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 74.23% from the week of June 3 to the week of June 10.

  • June 9, 2023: Ramaswamy spoke at the Georgia Republican Convention in Columbus, Georgia.[130]
  • June 8, 2023: Ramaswamy commented on Trump's indictment on charges he mishandled classified documents. "It would be much easier for me to win this election if Trump weren’t in the race, but I stand for principles over politics. I commit to pardon Trump promptly on January 20, 2025 and to restore the rule of law in our country," Ramaswamy said.[131]
  • June 5, 2023: Ramaswamy attended an event in Garrett County, Maryland.[132]
  • June 4, 2023: Ramaswamy commented on the war in Ukraine. In an interview with ABC's Martha Raddatz, Ramaswamy said, “What I think we need to do is end the Ukraine war on peaceful terms that, yes, do make some major concessions to Russia, including freezing the current lines of control … and also a permanent commitment not to allow Ukraine to enter NATO ... But in return, Russia has to leave its treaty and its joint military agreement with China. That better advances American interests.”[133]
  • June 3, 2023: Ramaswamy attended an event organized by Sen. Joni Ernst (R-Iowa) in Des Moines, Iowa.[134]

3. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., June 3—June 10 (72.33%)

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s (D) campaign pageviews increased by 72.33% from the week of June 3 to the week of June 10.

  • June 7, 2023: Kennedy campaigned in Yuma, Arizona.[135]
  • June 5, 2023: Kennedy participated in a live-streamed conversation on Twitter. Other speakers included Elon Musk and former Democratic Rep. Tulsi Gabbard.[136]

4. Tim Scott, June 3—June 10 (62.35%)

Tim Scott's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 62.35% from the week of June 3 to the week of June 10.

  • June 7, 2023: Scott released an ad in which he said: "If you’re able-bodied, you work. If you take out a loan, you pay it back. If you commit a violent crime, you go to jail. And if you’re a man, you should play sports against men. America needs more victors and less victims." The ad will air in Iowa and is part of a $6 million ad campaign set to run in Iowa and New Hampshire.[137]
  • June 3, 2023: Scott attended an event organized by Sen. Joni Ernst (R-Iowa) in Des Moines, Iowa.[138]

5. Nikki Haley, June 3—June 10 (59.67%)

Nikki Haley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 59.67% from the week of June 3 to the week of June 10.

  • June 9, 2023: Haley commented on Trump's indictment on charges he mishandled classified documents, saying, "This is not how justice should be pursued in our country. The American people are exhausted by the prosecutorial overreach, double standards, and vendetta politics. It’s time to move beyond the endless drama and distractions."[139]
  • June 8, 2023: Haley campaigned in Midland, Texas.[140]
  • June 4, 2023: Haley participated in a televised CNN town hall in Des Moines, Iowa.[141][142]

May 2023

1. Asa Hutchinson, May 20—May 27 (136.90%)

Asa Hutchinson's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 136.90% from the week of May 20 to the week of May 27.

  • May 23, 2023: Hutchinson campaigned in South Carolina. He met with the leadership of the Electric Cooperatives of South Carolina and attended a lunch with the Richland County Republican Party.[143][144][145]
  • May 22, 2023: Hutchinson campaigned in York County, South Carolina.[146]

2. Asa Hutchinson, May 6—May 13 (52.71%%)

Asa Hutchinson's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 52.71%% from the week of May 6 to the week of May 13.

  • May 11, 2023: Hutchinson commented on the end of Title 42, saying, "Today marks the end of Title 42 and the most concentrated day of illegal crossings we have ever seen. Join me in praying for the men & women of the US Border Patrol. They are on the frontlines of this human disaster and working overtime to keep Americans safe. We stand with you!"[147]
  • May 10, 2023: Hutchinson campaigned in New Hampshire, meeting with the New Hampshire Federation of Republican Women and the New Hampshire Home Builders.[148]

3. Nikki Haley, May 20—May 27 (48.17%)

Nikki Haley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 48.17% from the week of May 20 to the week of May 27.

  • May 24, 2023:
    • Haley attended a breakfast event at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics in Goffstown, New Hampshire, where she outlined her policy related to veterans. According to the Washington Examiner's Ryan King, "Her five tenets include: accountability for Congress, expanding healthcare access, bolstering mental health services, improving the transition from the military to civilian life, and ending 'wokeness in the military.'"[149][150] Haley also campaigned in Bedford, Concord, and Rye, New Hampshire.[151]
    • Haley wrote an op-ed for Seacostonline titled "Nikki Haley: Force Congress to fix veterans’ healthcare." Haley wrote, "Over the past decade, bipartisan majorities have passed several bills aimed at fixing and reforming the Department of Veteran Affairs. But it’s not enough. To this day, the VA falls short of serving the heroes who stood tall for our freedom."[152]
  • May 23, 2023: Haley attended a Rockingham County Republican Party dinner in Atkinson, New Hampshire.[153]

4. Marianne Williamson, May 20—May 27 (46.79%)

Marianne Williamson's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 46.79% from the week of May 20 to the week of May 27.

  • May 23, 2023: Williamson released the text of her economic policy, titled "An Economic Bill of Rights: A Vision for a Moral Economy." Click here to read the policy.[154]
  • May 20, 2023: Williamson's campaign manager, Peter Daou, resigned from her campaign.[155] In a statement, Daou said, "urgent family obligations made it very difficult for me to continue in my role, but I believe deeply in the campaign's platform, which is the strongest and most transformation of this election. I wish Marianne and the team well as they promote crucial issues like universal healthcare, climate action, and reparations."[156]

5. Joe Biden, May 20—May 27 (42.18%)

Joe Biden's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 42.18% from the week of May 20 to the week of May 27.

  • May 24, 2023:
    • Biden spoke about firearms policy at a memorial in Washington, D.C. for the Uvalde, Texas, school shooting.[157]
    • Biden released an online ad criticizing Republican presidential primary candidate Ron DeSantis's (R) positions on abortion and Social Security and Medicare funding.[158]

April 2023

1. Marianne Williamson, April 22—April 29 (228.53%)

Marianne Williamson's (D) campaign pageviews increased by 228.53% from the week of April 22 to the week of April 29.

  • April 29, 2023: Williamson spoke at the South Carolina Democratic Party state convention in Columbia, South Carolina.[159]
  • April 28, 2023: Williamson spoke at a Young Democrats of South Carolina event in Columbia, South Carolina. She also spoke at a Lexington County Democrats event in Lexington.[160]
  • April 27, 2023: Williamson spoke at an event at the College of Charleston.[161]
  • April 26, 2023: Williamson spoke at a Young Democrats of Emory University event.[162]
  • April 25, 2023: Williamson released a statement responding to President Joe Biden's (D) announcement that he would seek re-election. Williamson said, "I look forward to a robust debate with Joe Biden, as I present to the American people my platform of fundamental economic reform as a far better way to win the White House in 2024 than the president’s incremental approach to governing. At such a critical time in our country, neither the President nor the DNC has the right to determine who and who is not a serious candidate. That is the right of the people alone."[163]
  • April 24, 2023: Williamson campaigned in Detroit, Michigan and spoke at an event hosted by the Michigan State University College Democrats.[164][165]
  • April 22, 2023: Williamson spoke at an Earth Day event in New York City.[166]

2. Nikki Haley, April 22—April 29 (211.13%)

Nikki Haley's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 211.13% from the week of April 22 to the week of April 29.

  • April 28, 2023: Haley held a town hall in Laconia, New Hampshire.[167]
  • April 27, 2023: Haley held a town hall in Henniker, New Hampshire.[168]
  • April 26, 2023: Haley held a town hall in Bedford, New Hampshire.[169]
  • April 25, 2023: Haley delivered a policy speech on abortion to the Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America organization. Haley said, "This shouldn't be about one movement winning and another one losing. This shouldn't be about picking sides, scoring points or stoking outrage. It's about saving babies and supporting moms." Click here to read her full remarks.[170][171]

3. Vivek Ramaswamy, April 22—April 29 (190.41%)

Vivek Ramaswamy's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 190.41% from the week of April 22 to the week of April 29.

4. Corey Stapleton, April 22—April 29 (189.67%)

Corey Stapleton's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 189.67% from the week of April 22 to the week of April 29.

Ballotpedia did not identify any campaign activity from Stapleton during this period.

5. Asa Hutchinson, April 22—April 29 (180.00%)

Asa Hutchinson's (R) campaign pageviews increased by 180.00% from the week of April 22 to the week of April 29.

Pageviews following the first Republican primary debate

See also: Republican presidential primary debate (August 23, 2023)

On August 23, 2023, Fox News hosted the first Republican presidential primary debate. Of the 15 noteworthy Republicans who had entered the race, 8 participated in the debate. The following chart shows each candidate's pageviews between two days before and the day after the debate.

During the four-day period above, the top five Republican candidates by percentage of pageviews were:

  1. Vivek Ramaswamy (36.6% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Nikki Haley (10.95%)
  3. Tim Scott (7.26%)
  4. Ron DeSantis (6.86%)
  5. Doug Burgum (5.42%)

For comparison, in the week before the debates, the top five Republican candidates by pageviews were:

  1. Vivek Ramaswamy (40.39% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Francis Suarez (8.17%)
  3. Nikki Haley (7.82%)
  4. Tim Scott (7.48%)
  5. Ron DeSantis (5.91%)


Pageviews following the second Republican primary debate

See also: Republican presidential primary debate (September 27, 2023)

On September 27, 2023, Fox Business and Univision hosted the second Republican presidential primary debate. Of the 14 noteworthy Republicans running the race, 7 participated in the debate. The following chart shows each candidate's pageviews between two days before and the day after the debate.

During the four-day period above, the top five Republican candidates by percentage of pageviews were:

  1. Vivek Ramaswamy (24.3% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Nikki Haley (13.6%)
  3. Ron DeSantis (8.8%)
  4. Donald Trump (8.1%)
  5. Tim Scott (7.6%)

For comparison, in the week before the debates, the top five Republican candidates by pageviews were:

  1. Vivek Ramaswamy (20.6% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Nikki Haley (13.9%)
  3. Ryan Binkley (10.5%)
  4. Donald Trump (8.5%)
  5. Ron DeSantis (8.1%)


Pageviews following the third Republican primary debate

See also: Republican presidential primary debate (November 8, 2023)

On November 8, 2023, NBC and Salem Radio Network hosted the third Republican presidential primary debate. Of the nine noteworthy Republicans running the race, five participated in the debate. The following chart shows each candidate's pageviews between two days before and the day after the debate.

During the four-day period above, the top five Republican candidates by percentage of pageviews were:

  1. Vivek Ramaswamy (21.7% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Nikki Haley (21.6%)
  3. Donald Trump (12.8%)
  4. Tim Scott (10.9%)
  5. Ron DeSantis (10.8%)

For comparison, in the week before the debates, the top five Republican candidates by pageviews were:

  1. Nikki Haley (22.0% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Vivek Ramaswamy (18.4%)
  3. Donald Trump (14.4%)
  4. Tim Scott (12.0%)
  5. Ron DeSantis (11.4%)


Pageviews following the fourth Republican primary debate

See also: Republican presidential primary debate (December 6, 2023)

On December 6, 2023, NewsNation, The Megyn Kelly Show on SiriusXM, and the Washington Free Beacon hosted the fourth Republican presidential primary debate. Of the seven noteworthy Republicans running the race, four participated in the debate. The following chart shows each candidate's pageviews between two days before and the day after the debate.

During the four-day period above, the top five Republican candidates by percentage of pageviews were:

  1. Nikki Haley (31.7% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Vivek Ramaswamy (18.9% )
  3. Ryan Binkley (12.3%)
  4. Ron DeSantis (11.3%)
  5. Donald Trump (10.5%)

For comparison, in the week before the debates, the top five Republican candidates by pageviews were:

  1. Nikki Haley (36.5% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Vivek Ramaswamy (16.6%)
  3. Donald Trump (11.5%)
  4. Ron DeSantis (10.2%)
  5. Ryan Binkley (9.9%)


Pageviews following the fifth Republican primary debate

See also: Republican presidential primary debate (January 10, 2024)

On January 10, 2024, CNN hosted the fifth Republican presidential primary debate. Of the seven noteworthy Republicans running the race, two participated in the debate. The following chart shows each candidate's pageviews between two days before and the day after the debate.

During the four-day period above, the top five Republican candidates by percentage of pageviews were:

  1. Nikki Haley (25.10% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Vivek Ramaswamy (22.44% )
  3. Ryan Binkley (13.54%)
  4. Donald Trump (13.42%)
  5. Ron DeSantis (13.13%)

For comparison, in the week before the debate, the top five Republican candidates by pageviews were:

  1. Vivek Ramaswamy (24.15% of all Republican candidate pageviews)
  2. Nikki Haley (22.99%)
  3. Ryan Binkley (14.09%)
  4. Donald Trump (13.27%)
  5. Ron DeSantis (11.96%)


What to keep in mind when looking at pageviews

It's important to remember the audience that might drive pageviews in different stages of an election. Pageview statistics 13 months out from a presidential election (this was originally published in October 2023) are not necessarily capturing traffic from the average voter. Voters who are particularly interested in politics and following events closely are likely overrepresented in early statistics relative to pageview statistics for September 2024.

Another caveat are the limitations that come from measuring pageviews from a single source. Most of the traffic on our campaign pages comes from Google searches for a particular candidate, meaning that Ballotpedia's placement in search rankings can impact the traffic a candidate receives. Campaign pages for candidates that receive more coverage outside of Ballotpedia, such as Joe Biden and Donald Trump, may receive fewer pageviews compared to candidates who receive less coverage.

Well-known candidates might also receive fewer pageviews due to name recognition. In other words, as a candidate grows more popular, their pageviews tend to not increase at the same rate.

The chart below compares average weekly polling results to overall share of presidential pageviews for 2020 Democratic presidential candidates between the week ending March 30 and the week ending May 25. The ten selected candidates each averaged at least 1% support across all nine weeks. For instance, during the week ending in April 6, Julián Castro received a 4.69% share of pageviews for each 1% in polls—in other words, his pageview performance was nearly five times his performance in the polls.

If a correlation existed between a candidate's standing in the polls and their presidential pageviews, we would expect a flat horizontal line. While candidates who performed well in these polls (such as Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders) did have more consistent performance, they tended to stay below 1% of pageviews for each 1% of polling—in other words, they underperformed in Ballotpedia pageviews relative to their performance in the polls. Candidates who did not perform as well in polling (such as Julián Castro and Amy Klobuchar) tended to perform far better in pageviews but also experienced greater variance from week-to-week.

These statistics also do not account for one-off jumps in pageviews. For instance, a media source might include a link to a Ballotpedia presidential campaign page in their coverage of that candidate. A campaign might even encourage supporters to read up on Ballotpedia and win their candidate more pageviews. We provide these statistics exactly as they are, meaning that these week-to-week spikes could be impactful.

All of this is to say that this is a new concept. The jury remains out as to just how significant polls or endorsements are in assessing a presidential race, and that's with the benefit of decades of historical data to inform the debate. It could be the case that pageviews are not a useful indicator of which candidate might win an election, but at the very least they seem to provide a glimpse at the relative level of interest a given candidate can generate.

Historical case studies

2016: Donald Trump (R)

See also: Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016

During the Republican presidential primary in the 2016 cycle, Ballotpedia's page on President Donald Trump's (R) campaign outperformed polling data ahead of his taking first place in the polls. Trump launched his campaign on June 16, 2015. According to the below RealClearPolitics overview of polls, Trump (represented by the blue line) was polling at approximately 4% at the start of his campaign, putting him in ninth place among Republican presidential candidates. He surpassed Gov. Jeb Bush (R) (represented by the green line) in polling to take first place on July 19, 2015.

Summer 2015 pres polling.png

The following graph shows Ballotpedia pageviews for Republican presidential candidates over the same period. President Trump is represented by the dotted line, while Gov. Bush is represented by the dashed line. Trump surpassed Bush in pageviews during the week ending July 18, 2015, which is broadly in line with polls showing him taking the lead on July 19. However, President Trump's campaign page, which we launched June 16, was the second-most viewed campaign page for the week ending June 20 despite being launched partway through the week. President Trump continued to stay in second place until surpassing Bush, with neurosurgeon Ben Carson (R) placing third.

2018: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D)

See also: New York's 14th Congressional District election (June 26, 2018 Democratic primary)

While President Trump received substantial media attention in between his announcement and taking the lead in the polls, the same cannot be said for Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D), who defeated Rep. Joseph Crowley (D) (at the time the fourth-ranked House Democrat) in the 2018 primary in New York's 14th Congressional District. The New York Times characterized the result as "the most significant loss for a Democratic incumbent in more than a decade," and referred to earlier media coverage of the race which had not even mentioned Ocasio-Cortez's name.[182] However, Ocasio-Cortez generated more pageviews than Crowley throughout the course of the campaign. The following chart shows relative pageviews for Ocasio-Cortez and Crowley's Ballotpedia profile pages from the week of July 1, 2017 (when Ocasio-Cortez's page was published) through the week before the June 26, 2018, primary. It shows four distinct jumps in Ocasio-Cortez's pageviews in 2017 and early 2018 and none for Crowley. Ocasio-Cortez surpassed Crowley in pageviews around March 17 with the gap widening substantially by the week before the election.

2014: David Ige (D)

See also: Hawaii gubernatorial election, 2014

In Hawaii's 2014 gubernatorial election, state Sen. David Ige (D) defeated incumbent Neil Abercrombie (D) in the Democratic primary. It was the first primary defeat of an incumbent governor in Hawaii history. As of the 2020 presidential election, it is also the most recent case where an elected governor was defeated in a primary. The following chart shows Ige and Abercrombie's pageviews for the twelve weeks preceding the election. While the two began the period with similar pageviews, Ige pulled ahead in the first week of July and, as in Ocasio-Cortez's case, continued to lead Abercrombie in the weeks immediately preceding the election.


See also

Presidential campaign pageviews, 2020-2024
Use the dropdown menu below to navigate Ballotpedia's historical coverage of presidential campaign pageviews.
Additional reading


Footnotes

  1. Associated Press, "2024 Presidential Delegate Count," accessed February 5, 2024
  2. Associated Press, "ELECTION 2024 DELEGATE TRACKER," accessed February 9, 2024
  3. Twitter, "Binkley on February 7, 2024," accessed February 8, 2024
  4. Twitter, "Binkley on February 14, 2024," accessed February 16, 2024
  5. CBS News, "Minnesota Rep. Dean Phillips lays off large portion of presidential campaign staff," February 16, 2024
  6. YouTube, "02/08/24: President Biden Delivers Remarks," February 8, 2024
  7. Associated Press, "Biden takes Manhattan with 3 fundraisers in 4 hours on a February afternoon," February 7, 2024
  8. Associated Press, "ELECTION 2024 DELEGATE TRACKER," accessed February 7, 2024
  9. Associated Press, "Biden thanks hospitality workers in Las Vegas ahead of Nevada’s Tuesday primary," February 5, 2024
  10. Fox 5 Vegas, "President Joe Biden among those making campaign stops in Las Vegas ahead of this weeks primary," February 5, 2024
  11. Associated Press, "2024 Presidential Delegate Count," accessed February 5, 2024
  12. C-SPAN, "President Biden Delivers Remarks in Wilmington, Delaware," February 3, 2024
  13. Twitter, "Biden on January 5, 2024," accessed January 8, 2023
  14. Twitter, "Williamson on January 12, 2024," accessed January 15, 2024
  15. Twitter, "Williamson on January 6, 2024," accessed January 15, 2024
  16. NewsNation, "Democratic candidates offer visions for US as Biden alternative," January 12, 2024
  17. Twitter, "Williamson on January 8, 2024," accessed January 12, 2023
  18. Williamson on January 8, 2024," accessed January 12, 2023
  19. Twitter, "Williamson on January 6, 2024," accessed January 10, 2024
  20. Twitter, "Williamson on January 6, 2024," accessed January 10, 2024
  21. Spectrum News NY1, "Biden’s longshot Democratic challengers make their case at New Hampshire debate," January 8, 2024
  22. Twitter, "Williamson on January 6, 2024," accessed January 8, 2024
  23. Truth Social, "Trump on January 6, 2024," accessed January 8, 2024
  24. Truth Social, "Trump on January 6, 2024," accessed January 8, 2024
  25. Truth Social, "Trump on January 5, 2024," accessed January 8, 2024
  26. Truth Social, "Trump on January 5, 2024," accessed January 8, 2024
  27. X, "Whip Tom Emmer Statement Endorsing Donald J. Trump for President," January 3, 2024
  28. The New York Times, "Trump Asks Supreme Court to Keep Him on Colorado Ballot," January 3, 2024
  29. Arkansas Democrat Gazette, "Cotton endorses Donald Trump’s presidential reelection bid.," January 3, 2024
  30. CNN, "House Majority Leader Steve Scalise endorses Trump for president," January 2, 2024
  31. Twitter, "Haley on January 28, 2024," accessed January 29, 2024
  32. Florida Phoenix, "Nikki Haley pushes for win in SC, says Trump feels threatened by her," January 25, 2024
  33. Associated Press, "ELECTION 2024 DELEGATE TRACKER," accessed January 24, 2024
  34. Twitter, "Haley on January 22, 2024," accessed January 23, 2024
  35. Twitter, "Haley on January 22, 2024," accessed January 23, 2024
  36. Twitter, "Haley on January 22, 2024," accessed January 23, 2024
  37. Twitter, "Haley on January 21, 2024," accessed January 22, 2024
  38. Twitter, "Haley on January 20, 2024," accessed January 22, 2024
  39. Politico, "Hutchinson endorses Haley," January 20, 2024
  40. Decorah News, "Republican presidential candidate Gov. Asa Hutchinson to visit Decorah on 'Return to Normal' tour," January 10, 2024
  41. Decorah News, "Republican presidential candidate Gov. Asa Hutchinson to visit Decorah on 'Return to Normal' tour," January 10, 2024
  42. Decorah News, "Republican presidential candidate Gov. Asa Hutchinson to visit Decorah on 'Return to Normal' tour," January 10, 2024
  43. Decorah News, "Republican presidential candidate Gov. Asa Hutchinson to visit Decorah on 'Return to Normal' tour," January 10, 2024
  44. Twitter, "Hutchinson on January 8, 2024," accessed January 9, 2024
  45. KKTV, "President Joe Biden visits Pueblo Wednesday, touts job creation and investments," November 29, 2023
  46. The Denver Post, "In Colorado, President Joe Biden nods to power of abortion in 2024 and will tout investments — while needling Boebert," November 29, 2023
  47. Politico, "Nikki Haley launching first TV ad of presidential campaign," November 30, 2023
  48. Twitter, "Haley on November 29, 2023," accessed November 30, 2023
  49. Twitter, "Haley on November 29, 2023," accessed November 30, 2023
  50. Twitter, "Haley on November 29, 2023," accessed November 29, 2023
  51. Americans for Prosperity Action, "AFPA Endorsement Memo," accessed November 28, 2023
  52. Politico, "In South Carolina homecoming, Haley’s ‘town hall’ turns into a full-blown rally," November 27, 2023
  53. Twitter, "Christie on December 8, 2023," accessed December 11, 2023
  54. Twitter, "Christie on December 8, 2023," accessed December 11, 2023
  55. Twitter, "Christie on December 4, 2023," accessed December 8, 2023
  56. Twitter, "Burgum on December 3, 2023," accessed December 4, 2023
  57. Twitter, "Burgum on December 2, 2023," accessed December 4, 2023
  58. Twitter, "Burgum on December 1, 2023," accessed December 4, 2023
  59. Twitter, "Franklin Pierce University on November 30, 2023," accessed December 4, 2023
  60. Twitter, "Burgum on November 29, 2023," accessed November 30, 2023
  61. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy," December 30, 2023
  62. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy," December 29, 2023
  63. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy," December 28, 2023
  64. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy," December 27, 2023
  65. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy," December 23, 2023
  66. Twitter, "Christie on November 10, 2023," accessed November 13, 2023
  67. C-SPAN, "Republican Presidential Candidates Speak at Florida Freedom Summit," November 4, 2023
  68. Twitter, "Williamson on November 8, 2023," accessed November 13, 2023
  69. Twitter, "Williamson on November 7, 2023," accessed November 9, 2023
  70. Twitter, "Williamson on November 6, 2023," accessed November 8, 2023
  71. Twitter, "Ramaswamy on November 10, 2023," accessed November 13, 2023
  72. Des Moines Register, "Vivek Ramaswamy moves campaign headquarters from Ohio to Iowa and New Hampshire," November 11, 2023
  73. Twitter, "Ramaswamy on November 7, 2023," accessed November 8, 2023
  74. No to Neocons, "NO TO NEOCONS PLEDGE," accessed November 7, 2023
  75. C-SPAN, "Republican Presidential Candidates Speak at Florida Freedom Summit," November 4, 2023
  76. Twitter, "Burgum on November 11, 2023," accessed November 13, 2023
  77. Twitter, "Burgum on November 10, 2023," accessed November 13, 2023
  78. The Jamestown Sun, "Burgum: Why I'm still running," November 9, 2023
  79. C-SPAN, "Republican Presidential Candidates Speak at Florida Freedom Summit," November 4, 2023
  80. WMUR, "Asa Hutchinson calls Trump a 'petulant child' after courtroom dispute with judge," November 6, 2023
  81. C-SPAN, "Republican Presidential Candidates Speak at Florida Freedom Summit," November 4, 2023
  82. C-SPAN, "Presidential Candidates Speak at Republican Jewish Coalition Conference," October 28, 2023
  83. The State, "SC’s Scott says he’s qualified for next GOP debate. What it means for candidates if they miss cut," October 28, 2023
  84. WOWT, "Presidential candidate Tim Scott makes campaign stop in southwest Iowa," October 24, 2023
  85. KNIA-KRLS, "SENATOR TIM SCOTT VISITS INDIANOLA," October 25, 2023
  86. WSPA, "Tim Scott to meet Upstate veterans at event in Greenville," October 24, 2023
  87. Scott's campaign website, "FULL VIDEO: Tim Scott’s Speech On Race And Power In Chicago," October 23, 2023
  88. Iowa State Daily, "Republican candidates Ramaswamy, Scott and Binkley to visit Iowa," October 22, 2023
  89. Scott's campaign website, "Tim Scott Goes All In On Iowa," October 23, 2023
  90. Twitter, "Scott on October 21, 2023," accessed October 23, 2023
  91. Twitter, "Chuck Grassley on October 21, 2023," accessed October 23, 2023
  92. KARK, "Former Arkansas Governor Asa Hutchinson’s presidential campaign manager to step down," October 28, 2023
  93. C-SPAN, "Presidential Candidates Speak at Republican Jewish Coalition Conference," October 28, 2023
  94. C-SPAN, "Perry Johnson Speaks at First in the Nation Leadership Summit in Nashua, New Hampshire," October 13, 2023
  95. Reuters, "Biden won't appear on New Hampshire primary ballot," October 24, 2023
  96. Twitter, "Elder on September 24, 2023," accessed September 25, 2023
  97. Twitter, "Ramaswamy on September 26, 2023," accessed September 27, 2023
  98. Kennedy's campaign website, "Kennedy Hits Campaign Trail in Atlanta," September 27, 2023
  99. YouTube, "LIVE: DeSantis, Ramaswamy, and Other Candidates Speak at Iowa Faith & Freedom Coalition Town Hall," September 16, 2023
  100. The Gazette, "Photos: Republican presidential candidate Ryan Binkley shoots his shot," September 17, 2023
  101. Twitter, "Christie on September 29, 2023," accessed October 2, 2023
  102. WSOC-TV, "Nikki Haley makes case for presidency in Indian Land," August 28, 2023
  103. Twitter, "Williamson on August 24, 2023," accessed August 28, 2023
  104. Twitter, "Williamson on August 21, 2023," accessed August 28, 2023
  105. Twitter, "Williamson on August 22, 2023," accessed August 25, 2023
  106. Twitter, "Williamson on August 20, 2023," accessed August 22, 2023
  107. Twitter, "Williamson on August 19, 2023," accessed August 21, 2023
  108. Twitter, "Williamson on August 18, 2023," accessed August 19, 2023
  109. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Biden campaign releases ad touting his economic record as Republicans gear up for Milwaukee debate," August 22, 2023
  110. Al Jazeera, "US President Biden tours aftermath of deadly Maui fires, visits Lahaina," August 22, 2023
  111. Spartanburg Herald-Journal, "RFK Jr stops in SC: Democratic presidential candidate intrigues GOP, Independent voters," August 23, 2023
  112. WSPA, "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. makes campaign stop in Greenville," August 21, 2023
  113. Twitter, "DeSantis on August 26, 2023," accessed August 28, 2023
  114. Twitter, "DeSantis on August 26, 2023," accessed August 28, 2023
  115. Des Moines Register, "GOP presidential candidate Ron DeSantis holds rally at Field of Dreams site in Dyersville," August 24, 2023
  116. WMUR, "Ron DeSantis makes push in New Hampshire ahead of first debate," August 19, 2023
  117. Twitter, "Haley on July 29, 2023," accessed July 31, 2023
  118. C-SPAN, "Nikki Haley Speaks at Iowa Republican Lincoln Dinner," July 28, 2023
  119. WMUR, "Haley says she would send military to attack drug cartels," July 27, 2023
  120. Twitter, "Haley on July 25, 2023," accessed July 26, 2023
  121. Lakewood Alerts, "Nikki Haley To Campaign Near Lakewood. Meeting Her Will Cost You," July 20, 2023
  122. Twitter, "The Jewish Voice on July 23, 2023," accessed July 24, 2023
  123. Twitter, "Williamson on July 25, 2023," accessed July 26, 2023
  124. Twitter, "Williamson on July 24, 2023," accessed July 25, 2023
  125. YouTube, "Tim Scott, Republican Party of Iowa, 7.28.23," July 28, 2023
  126. Twitter, "Scott on July 27, 2023," accessed July 28, 2023
  127. Twitter, "Scott on July 21, 2023," accessed July 24, 2023
  128. Twitter, "Suarez on July 28, 2023," accessed July 31, 2023
  129. C-SPAN, "Republican Presidential Candidates Campaign at Iowa GOP Lincoln Dinner," July 28, 2023
  130. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Georgia GOP delegates treat Ramaswamy to warm applause," June 9, 2023
  131. Politico, "Trump’s 2024 GOP opponents rush to his defense, post indictment," June 6, 2023
  132. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy," June 5, 2023
  133. Twitter, "Simon Ateba," June 4, 2023
  134. AP, "DeSantis signs Bible, Pence hops on motorcycle at ‘Roast and Ride’ event in Iowa," June 4, 2023
  135. Twitter, "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.," JUne 7, 2023
  136. Twitter, "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
  137. Tim Scott, Faith in America, "TIM LAUNCHES NEW ADS, “SIMPLE TRUTHS” AND “OUR VALUES" accessed June 7, 2023
  138. AP, "DeSantis signs Bible, Pence hops on a motorcycle at ‘Roast and Ride’ event in Iowa," June 4, 2023
  139. Twitter, "Nikki Haley," June 9, 2023
  140. The Daily Mail, "EXCLUSIVE: Nikki Haley tears into Biden for 'demonizing' American energy producers, vows to ensure the U.S. is energy independent and promises to roll back green policies during tour of 'beautiful' oil rig," June 8, 2023
  141. Axios, "Nikki Haley takes aim at Trump and DeSantis during CNN town hall," June 5, 2023
  142. CNN, "Takeaways from CNN’s town hall with Nikki Haley," June 4, 2023
  143. Twitter, "Hutchinson on May 23, 2023," accessed May 24, 2023
  144. The Post and Courier, "Presidential candidate Asa Hutchinson talks economy, security, unity during SC stop," May 23, 2023
  145. SCNOW, "Asa Hutchinson brings his voice to presidential race, Hartsville," May 24, 2023
  146. Twitter, "Hutchinson on May 22, 2023," accessed May 23, 2023
  147. Twitter, "Hutchinson on May 11, 2023," accessed May 12, 2023
  148. Twitter, "Hutchinson on May 10, 2023," accessed May 12, 2023
  149. Washington Examiner, "Nikki Haley rolls out plan to aid veterans and put Congress on VA plans," May 24, 2023
  150. Twitter, "New England Council on May 24, 2023," accessed May 24, 2023
  151. Twitter, "Haley on May 24, 2023," accessed May 25, 2023
  152. Seacoastonline, "Nikki Haley: Force Congress to fix veterans’ healthcare," May 24, 2023
  153. Twitter, "Haley on May 23, 2023," accessed May 24, 2023
  154. Twitter, "Williamson on May 23, 2023," accessed May 24, 2023
  155. Twitter, "Peter Daou on May 20, 2023," accessed May 22, 2023
  156. Twitter, "Daou on May 22, 2023," accessed May 26, 2023
  157. WXYZ, "One year after Uvalde, Biden asks Congress to act on gun control," May 24, 2023
  158. Twitter, "Biden on May 24, 2023," accessed May 25, 2023
  159. Twitter, "Williamson on April 26, 2023," accessed May 1, 2023
  160. Twitter, "Williamson on April 26, 2023," accessed May 1, 2023
  161. Count on News 2, "Marianne Williamson speaks at College of Charleston’s Bully Pulpit Series," accessed April 28, 2023
  162. Twitter, "Marianne Williamson on April 23, 2023," accessed April 27, 2023
  163. Twitter, "Marianne Williamson on April 25, 2023," accessed April 25, 2023
  164. WLNS, "Democratic presidential candidate Marianne Williamson appears at MSU," April 25, 2023
  165. Twitter, "Marianne Williamson on April 22, 2023," accessed April 25, 2023
  166. Twitter, "Marianne Williamson on April 19, 2023," accessed April 24, 2023
  167. Twitter, "Nikki Haley on April 28, 2023," accessed May 1, 2023
  168. Twitter, "Nikki Haley on April 27," accessed April 28, 2023
  169. Twitter, "New Hampshire Journal on April 13, 2023," accessed April 27, 2023
  170. Roll Call, "Nikki Haley calls for ‘national consensus’ on abortion," April 25, 2023
  171. Twitter, "Nikki Haley on April 25, 2023," accessed April 26, 2023
  172. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy on April 24, 2023," accessed April 28, 2023
  173. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy on April 24, 2023," accessed April 28, 2023
  174. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy on April 24, 2023," accessed April 28, 2023
  175. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy on April 23, 2023," accessed April 25, 2023
  176. Twitter, "Vivek Ramaswamy on April 24, 2023," accessed April 25, 2023
  177. Twitter, "Ramaswamy on April 21, 2023," accessed April 24, 2023
  178. Iowa Faith & Freedom Coalition, "2023 Spring Kick-Off!" accessed April 24, 2023
  179. Twitter, "Ramaswamy on April 21, 2023," accessed April 24, 2023
  180. Sentinel-Tribune, "Asa Hutchinson formally launches 2024 campaign in Arkansas," April 26, 2023
  181. WeAreIowa.com, "2024 Republican hopefuls gather at Iowa Faith & Freedom Coalition forum," April 22, 2023
  182. The New York Times, "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Defeats Joseph Crowley in Major Democratic House Upset," June 26, 2018