States redraw district lines every 10 years following the completion of the U.S. census. The federal government requires the districts resulting from this process to have nearly equal populations and not cause racial or ethnic voting discrimination.[1]
While every state redrew its district lines after the 2020 census, some states are revisiting redistricting ahead of the 2026 elections.
As of September 2025:
One state—Texas—had passed a new congressional map between the 2024 and 2026 elections.
One state—Ohio—was required to redraw its congressional district lines because of state law.
Five states—Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Utah—had congressional or state legislative maps that were subject to change due to ongoing litigation.
Eight states were considering a voluntary redraw of their congressional maps, and three states—California, Florida, and Missouri—had taken official action toward doing so.
As of September 2025, Republicans have a219-212 majority in the U.S. House, with four vacancies. In the 2018 elections, the midterm elections during PresidentDonald Trump's (R) first term, Democrats gained control of the House from Republicans after netting 40 seats.
As of September 2025, 12 states had congressional district maps that were subject to change before the 2026 elections, and Texas had redrawn its congressional map. Eight states were reportedly exploring voluntary redistricting, three states had congressional maps that were subject to change due to litigation, and one state was required by law to redistrict.
The map below shows redistricting activity between the 2024 and 2026 elections.
The table below shows redistricting activity between the 2024 and 2026 elections as well as the pre-redistricting U.S. House delegation in each state.
Status of congressional redistricting ahead of the 2026 elections
State
Reason for redistricting
Status
Method of redistricting
U.S. House delegation before redistricting
California
Voluntary redistricting
Special election set for Nov. 4, 2025
Commission
43 D - 9 R
Florida
Voluntary redistricting
Florida House to form Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting
Legislature-dominant
20 R - 8 D
Georgia
Subject to change due to litigation
Litigation ongoing
Legislature-dominant
9 R - 5 D
Illinois
Voluntary redistricting
No action
Legislature-dominant
14 D - 3 R
Indiana
Voluntary redistricting
No action
Legislature-dominant
7 R - 2 D
Louisiana
Subject to change due to litigation
Litigation ongoing
Legislature-dominant
4 R - 2 D
Maryland
Voluntary redistricting
No action
Legislature-dominant
7 D - 1 R
Missouri
Voluntary redistricting
Missouri Legislature approved a new congressional map
Legislature-dominant
6 R - 2 D
New Jersey
Voluntary redistricting
No action
Commission
9 D - 3 R
New York
Voluntary redistricting
No action
Hybrid
19 D - 7 R
Ohio
Required by law to redistrict
Must pass new map by Nov. 20, 2025
Legislature-dominant
10 R -5 D
Texas
Voluntary redistricting
Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed new map into law on Aug. 29, 2025
Legislature-dominant
25 R -12 D with 1 vacancy
Utah
Subject to change due to litigation
Litigation ongoing
Legislature-dominant
4 R - 0 D
States that are required by law to redistrict
This section contains information about states whose maps are required by law to change before the 2026 elections.
Congressional
One state—Ohio—has a congressional map that is required by law to change before the 2026 elections.
States with maps required by state law to change
The following states have congressional maps that are required by state law to change before the 2026 elections. Expand each state to learn more.
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Ohio
Under the terms of the state's 2018 constitutional amendment, the Ohio State Legislature has the first opportunity to adopt a 10-year redistricting plan if it can meet the required level of bipartisan support and 60 percent supermajority approval. If not, the seven-member redistricting commission may adopt a map also with a prescribed level of bipartisan support. If the commission fails, the legislature may try again under looser conditions. If the legislature fails again, it may pass a redistricting plan without bipartisan support and by a simple majority vote, but the map expires after four years. Click here to read more about the redistricting process in Ohio.
Ohio is required to redraw its congressional district boundaries before the 2026 elections. Since the congressional district boundaries that the commission enacted as a result of litigation did not have support from members of the minority party, they are in effect for only four years with the commission required to enact a new map by 2026.
On March 2, 2022, the Ohio Redistricting Commission approved a redrawn congressional map in a 5-2 vote along party lines, meaning the map lasted for four years.[2] On March 18, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction to overturn the map before the state's primary elections as part of the legal challenge that overturned the initial congressional map.[3] This map took effect for Ohio's 2022 congressional elections.
States whose maps are subject to change due to ongoing litigation
This section contains information about states whose maps are subject to change due to ongoing litigation. Click a tab below to read about litigation against congressional or state legislative district boundaries.
Congressional
State legislative
As of September 2025, three states—Georgia, Louisiana, and Utah—had congressional maps that were subject to change due to litigation.
States with maps subject to change due to litigation
The following states have congressional maps that are subject to change due to litigation. Expand each state to learn more.
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Georgia
On December 8, 2023, Governor Brian Kemp (R) signed revised congressional maps into law. Legislators in the Georgia House of Representatives voted 98-71 to adopt the new congressional map on December 7. The Georgia State Senate voted 32-22 to adopt the congressional map on December 5.[4][5]
On December 28, 2023, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District upheld the maps enacted on December 8, which were later used in the 2024 elections, and found them in compliance with the Voting Rights Act.[7]
“
The Court finds that the General Assembly fully complied with this Court’s order requiring the creation of a majority-Black congressional district in the region of the State where vote dilution was found. The Court further finds that the elimination of 2021 CD 7 did not violate the October 26, 2023 Order. Finally, the Court declines to adjudicate Plaintiffs’ new Section 2 claim based on a coalition of minority voters. Hence, the Court OVERRULES Plaintiffs’ objections ... and HEREBY APPROVES SB 3EX.[8][9]
On June 27, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court scheduled Louisiana v. Callais for reargument in its next term.[11] In August 2025, the Court scheduled arguments for October 15, 2025.[12]
The Court first heard oral arguments in the case on March 24, 2025.[13] On November 4, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear Louisiana v. Callais (formerly Callais v. Landry) consolidated with Robinson v. Callais — two appeals from the U.S. District Court for Western Louisiana decision that struck down the state's new congressional map. The Court noted probable jurisdiction and allotted one hour for oral argument.[14][15]
On May 15, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court blocked an April 30 ruling by the U.S. District Court for Western Louisiana striking down the state's congressional map. As a result, the map was used for Louisiana’s 2024 congressional elections.[16] According to ScotusBlog,
“
In a brief unsigned order the justices blocked a ruling by a federal court that had barred the state from using the new map on the ground that legislators had relied too heavily on race when they drew it earlier this year. The order cited an election doctrine known as the Purcell principle – the idea that courts should not change election rules during the period just before an election because of the confusion that it will cause for voters and the problems that doing so could cause for election officials. The lower court’s order will remain on hold, the court indicated, while an appeal to the Supreme Court moves forward.[16][9]
According to NPR, "Under the new map, Louisiana's 2nd District, which encompasses much of New Orleans and surrounding areas, will have a Black population of about 53%. Democratic U.S. Rep. Troy Carter represents that district, which has been Louisiana's only majority-Black district for several years. Louisiana's 6th District now stretches from parts of Shreveport to Baton Rouge and will have a Black population of about 56%."[19]
Utah
Utah enacted new congressional districts on November 12, 2021, after Gov. Spencer Cox (R) signed a map proposal approved by the House and the Senate. The enacted map was drafted by the legislature and differed from a proposal the Utah Independent Redistricting Commission released on November 5, 2021.[20] The congressional map passed the Utah House 50-22 on November 9, 2021, with five Republicans and all Democratic House members voting against it. The Senate approved the map on November 10, 2021, in a 21-7 vote. Before signing the congressional map, Cox said he would not veto any maps approved by the legislature. He said, "The Legislature is fully within their rights to actually make those decisions and decide where they want to draw those lines."[21] This map took effect for Utah's 2022 congressional elections.
The Utah Supreme Court ruled on July 11, 2024, that the legislature's override of Proposition 4 likely violated voters' constitutional right to participate in government.[22] The Court returned the case to Third District Court Judge Dianna Gibson to determine whether the legislature's changes to the ballot initiative were "narrowly tailored to advance a compelling government interest."[23] On August 25, 2025, Gibson struck down the state's congressional map, writing, "The nature of the violation lies in the Legislature’s refusal to respect the people’s exercise of their constitutional lawmaking power and to honor the people’s right to reform their government."[24]
As of September 2025, four states—Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Tennessee—had state legislative maps that were subject to change due to litigation.
States with maps subject to change due to litigation
The following states have legislative maps that are subject to change due to litigation. Expand each state to learn more.
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Alabama
On August 22, 2025, the district court struck down the state senate map as a violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.[25]
Alabama enacted state legislative maps for the state Senate and House of Representatives on Nov. 4, 2021, after Gov. Kay Ivey (R) signed the proposals into law.[26] Senators approved the Senate map on Nov. 1 with a 25-7 vote.[27] Representatives approved the Senate map on Nov. 3 with a 76-26 vote.[26] For the House proposal, representatives voted 68-35 in favor on Nov. 1 and senators followed on Nov. 3 with a 22-7 vote.[28] These maps took effect for Alabama's 2022 legislative elections.
Governor Kemp (R) signed revised legislative maps into law on December 8, 2023. Legislators in the Georgia House of Representatives voted 98-71 to adopt the new state legislative maps on December 5. The Georgia State Senate voted 32-23 to adopt the state legislative maps on December 1. For more information about the enacted legislative maps, click here.[4][5]
On October 26, 2023, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ruled that the state's congressional and legislative district boundaries violated the Voting Rights Act and enjoined the state from using them for future elections.[6] The court directed the Georgia General Assembly to develop new maps by December 8, 2023.[6]
The lower court's February 8, 2024, ruling found the state's legislative maps to be in violation of the Voting Rights Act.[31][32] According to the ruling, the court found the following:
“
[T]he Enacted State House and Senate Maps crack or pack large and geographically compact minority populations such as Black voters in the challenged districts 'have less opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice,' and the Illustrative Plan offered by the Plaintiffs show that additional opportunity districts can be 'reasonable configured.'[32][9]
”
Tennessee
On November 22, 2023, the Davidson County Chancery Court struck down the state Senate map, declaring it unconstitutional. The court ordered the state to create a new state Senate map by January 31, 2024.[33] On April 13, 2022, the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed a ruling by the Davidson County Chancery Court on April 6, blocking the same state Senate map. Gov. Lee signed the state's legislative districts into law on February 6, 2022.[34]
States considering redistricting before the 2026 elections
This section contains information about states considering voluntary redistricting before the 2026 elections.
Congressional
As of September 2025, eight states were considering voluntary redistricting ahead of the 2026 U.S. House elections, and one state—Texas—had passed a new congressional map.
In July 2025, President Donald Trump (R) suggested Texas revisit its congressional map to add additional Republican districts ahead of the 2026 elections.[35] Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) added redistricting to its 30-day special legislative session agenda "in light of constitutional concerns raised by the U.S. Department of Justice."[36][37]
Other Republican states are also weighed redistricting efforts. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) suggested the state could revisit its congressional district boundaries.[38] A September 2025 special session for redistricting was discussed in Missouri.[39] Vice President J.D. Vance (R) met with Indiana Gov.Mike Braun (R) in August 2025 to discuss redistricting.[40]
Several Democratic states considered countering with redistricting of their own, including California, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York.[37][41] California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) wrote on X about the Texas redistricting push, "Two can play this game."[42] The New York Times' Nick Corasaniti and Laurel Rosenhall wrote, "Though Democratic leaders have indicated a willingness to go tit for tat with Republicans, most of the largest blue states do not have a partisan redistricting process akin to the one in Texas, where the governor can simply call in the Legislature to redraw maps. California has an independent commission in charge of drawing maps, which voters applied to congressional districts in 2010. New York also has a commission (though it is subject to potential legislative changes), and New Jersey’s political commission is separate from the Legislature."[43]
The map below shows states considering voluntary redistricting ahead of the 2026 elections.
The states below have taken a voluntary, official action toward congressional redistricting before the 2026 elections.
Click on a state below to read about its redistricting efforts before the 2026 elections.
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California
After Texas Republicans launched their congressional redistricting effort, California Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) tweeted on July 15, 2025, "two can play that game."[42] In August 2025, California began taking official action toward congressional redistricting ahead of the 2026 elections. Redistricting in California would require the passage of a constitutional amendment in a November special election to permit the adoption of a replacement map through 2030.
Heading into the redistricting effort, Democrats represent 43 of California's 52 Congressional districts, and Republicans represent nine.
The timeline below tracks updates to California's redistricting efforts ahead of the 2026 elections.
August 21, 2025
On August 21, 2025, the California Legislature passed a redistricting plan setting a special election for a constitutional amendment to redraw the state's congressional district boundaries through 2030. Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) signed the two bills and scheduled a Nov. 4, 2025, special election.[44]
August 20, 2025
The California Assembly and Senate appropriations committees advanced three bills that would set a special election for a constitutional amendment to redraw the state's congressional district boundaries through 2030.[45]
August 15, 2025
CaliforniaDemocrats released a proposed congressional map that would create five new Democratic seats.[46]
August 14, 2025
CaliforniaGov.Gavin Newsom (D) announced a November 4 special election where voters would decide to approve or reject a new congressional map.[47]
August 8, 2025
California AssemblySpeakerRobert Rivas (D) said in a press conference that maps would be available the following week and would be based on the maps developed by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Gov. Newsom said, "We have till August 22. With the leadership behind me, they will get this on the ballot. We're calling for a special election that will be the first week of November."[48]
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Florida
After Texas Republicans launched their congressional redistricting effort, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) suggested in July 2025 that his state might follow suit.[38] In August 2025, Florida began taking official action toward congressional redistricting ahead of the 2026 elections.
Heading into the redistricting effort, Republicans represented 20 of Florida's 28 Congressional districts, and Democrats represented eight.
The timeline below tracks updates to Florida's redistricting efforts ahead of the 2026 elections.
August 7, 2025
Florida HouseSpeakerDaniel Perez (R) announced in a memo that a Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting would be formed.[49][50] The memo stated that committee membership would be announced in September, with requests to serve on the committee due August 15, 2025.[50]
Missouri
On August 21, 2025, Trump wrote on Truth Social, "The Great State of Missouri is now IN. I’m not surprised. It is a great State with fabulous people. I won it, all 3 times, in a landslide. We’re going to win the Midterms in Missouri again, bigger and better than ever before!"[51] On August 29, 2025, Gov.Mike Kehoe (R) announced a special session for congressional redistricting and released a proposed map that would net Republicans one U.S. House seat.[52]
Heading into the redistricting effort, Republicans represented six of Missouri's eight congressional districts, and Democrats represented two.
The timeline below tracks updates to Missouri's redistricting efforts ahead of the 2026 elections.
The Texas House approved a bill proposing a new congressional map.[60]
August 18, 2025
The Texas House redistricting committee approved a bill proposing a new congressional map to be considered by the full chamber.[61]
August 17, 2025
The Texas Senate redistricting committee again approved a new congressional map to be considered by the full chamber.[62]
August 15, 2025
The first special session ended without passing a new congressional map. A second special session began.[62]
August 12, 2025
Gov. Abbott said he would continue calling special sessions to redraw the state's congressional map: "There will be no reprieve for the derelict Democrats who fled the state and abandoned their duty to the people who elected them. I will continue to call special session after special session until we get this Texas first agenda passed."[63]
August 12, 2025
The Texas Senate approved a new congressional map by a 19-2 vote, with nine Democrats absent.[64]
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) ordered the Texas Department of Public Safety to locate and arrest absent Democratic legislators.[67]
August 3, 2025
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) said he would seek to remove missing Democrats from office if they did not return.[68]
August 3, 2025
Dozens of Democratic Texas legislators left the state to prevent a quorum in the Texas House.[69]
August 2, 2025
The Texas House Redistricting Committee advanced a draft of the congressional map for consideration by the full chamber.[70]
July 30, 2025
Texas Republicans released a new congressional map that would include five additional Republican-leaning districts. Politico's Andrew Howard and Liz Crampton wrote, "The redraw would significantly benefit Republicans by making districts held by Democratic Reps. Henry Cuellar and Vicente Gonzalez, who both represent heavily-Latino areas of the Rio Grande Valley, redder, and make some Democratic-controlled districts even bluer in an attempt to create GOP-leaning districts elsewhere. The proposed map would also put a number of Republican and Democratic incumbents in the same district."[71]
July 24, 2025
The Texas House redistricting committee held its first public meeting.[72]
July 21, 2025
Texas' 30-day special legislative session began, with redistricting on the agenda.[36]
July 15, 2025
Trump said the redistricting effort in Texas was expected to yield five additional Republican districts.[35]
July 7, 2025
The U.S. Department of Justice sent a letter to Texas Gov.Greg Abbott (R) and Texas Attorney GeneralKen Paxton (R) suggesting that four of Texas' congressional districts were unconstitutional racial gerrymanders, writing, "As stated below, Congressional Districts TX-09, TX-18, TX-29 and TX-33 currently constitute unconstitutional 'coalition districts' and we urge the State of Texas to rectify these race-based considerations from these specific districts."[73]
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New maps enacted before the 2026 elections
This section contains information about states that redrew their maps before the 2026 elections. As of September 2025, one state had redrawn its congressional maps and two states had redrawn their state legislative maps.
Congressional
State legislative
The following states enacted congressional maps before the 2026 elections:
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Texas
In August 2025, the Texas Legislature proposed a new congressional district map during special legislative sessions that prompted Democratic legislators to leave the state to prevent a quorum.[74][75]Click here to read more about the 2025 Democratic walkout during mid-decade redistricting in Texas.
On August 20, 2025, the Texas House approved House Bill 4 containing a new congressional map by an 88-52 vote along party lines.[76] On August 23, 2025, the Texas Senate approved the map by an 18-11 vote along party lines.[77]Texas Gov.Greg Abbott (R) signed the new map into law on August 29, 2025.[58] The bill text stated the new district boundaries would take effect for the 2026 elections.[78]
Texas first enacted new congressional districts on October 25, 2021. The Senate released a proposed congressional map on September 27, 2021, and approved an amended version of the proposal on October 8, 2021.[79] On October 13, 2021, the House Redistricting Committee approved an amended version of the congressional map, and both chambers of the legislature approved a finalized version of the map on October 18, 2021. The Senate approved the proposal in an 18-13 vote, and the House approved the bill in an 84-59 vote.[80] Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed the map into law on October 25, 2021.[81] This map took effect for Texas' 2022 congressional elections.
The following states enacted new legislative maps before the 2026 elections:
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Michigan
On July 26, 2024, a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan approved state Senate district boundaries submitted by the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) on June 27, 2024, and authorized Michigan's secretary of state to implement the plan for the 2026 elections:[82]
“
On December 21, 2023, we unanimously held that the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution when it drew the boundaries of thirteen state-legislative districts—seven House districts, and six Senate—predominantly on the basis of race. We therefore enjoined the Michigan Secretary of State, Jocelyn Benson, from holding further elections in those districts as they were drawn. ... The Commission has now submitted a revised Senate map, which Plaintiffs agree 'eliminates the predominate use of race that characterized' the previous plan. ... We have reviewed the record before us and agree that the new Senate map complies with this court’s December 21, 2023, opinion and order. ... Federal law provides us no basis to reject the Commission’s remedial Senate plan. The Secretary of State may proceed to implement the Commission’s remedial Senate plan for the next election cycle.[9]
”
The MICRC voted on June 26 to approve the state Senate map called Crane A1.[83]
Mississippi
On July 3, 2025, the state filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court of part of a May 7, 2025, federal three-judge panel decision that led to redrawn districts and special elections. The state said the appeal would not affect the special elections.[84]
A legal challenge to the state legislative maps had resulted in a three-judge panel ordering the state to add two new majority-Black Senate districts and one new majority-Black House district by the end of the 2025 legislative session.[85] The legislature approved the new maps on March 5, 2025.[86] On April 15, 2025, a three-judge panel ordered the legislature to redraw the Senate district in DeSoto County and gave the State Board of Election Commissioners seven days to submit a new map.[87] The panel approved revised maps from the Mississippi Election Commission on May 7, 2025, and special elections in the affected districts were scheduled for November 4, 2025.[88]
Mississippi enacted new state legislative district boundaries on March 31, 2022, when both legislative chambers approved district maps for the other chamber.[89] Legislative redistricting in Mississippi is done via a joint resolution and did not require Gov. Tate Reeves' (R) approval.[89] Emily Wagster Pettus of the Associated Press wrote that "Republican legislative leaders said the redistricting plans are likely to maintain their party's majority in each chamber."[90] Pettus also wrote that "Senate President Pro Tempore Dean Kirby of Pearl said the Senate redistricting plan keeps the same number of Republican-leaning and Democratic-leaning districts as now."[90]
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