Results of election policy ballot measures at the November 5, 2024, election
From Ballotpedia
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In the November 5, 2024, general election, voters in 16 states and Washington, D.C., considered ballot measures that proposed changes to statewide election laws and policies. Included below are results of these ballot measure elections in each state, grouped by approved and rejected ballot measures. Local ballot measures are included below the statewide results.
As a result of these ballot measure elections:
- Eight states enshrined prohibitions on noncitizen voting in their state constitutions
- Voters in four states rejected proposals to adopt ranked-choice voting (RCV)
- And, voters in six states rejected the adoption of primary elections where all candidates run in the same primary, such as top-two primaries.
See below for full results.
- States that approved ballot measures to change election policy or voting laws
- States that rejected ballot measures to change election policy or voting laws
- Local roundup
- States without election policy ballot measures
States that approved ballot measures to change election policy or voting laws
Voters in nine states — Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Wisconsin, Missouri — approved ballot measures changing state election policy or voting laws.
Voters in eight of these states passed ballot measures codifying bans on noncitizen voting in state constitutions.
Voters in the ninth state, Nevada, approved a measure related to voter ID.
Voters in a tenth state, Connecticut, approved an amendment authorizing the Connecticut General Assembly to change laws related to absentee voting. Finally, voters in D.C. passed Initiative 83, adopting ranked-choice voting (RCV).
| Approved changes to election policy or voting laws | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Description | Topic |
| Connecticut | Voters approved the No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment which allows the Connecticut General Assembly to pass legislation adopting no-excuse absentee voting by removing language in the state constitution that stipulated that the legislature may only provide for absentee voting for voters who are absent “from the city or town of which they are inhabitants or because of sickness, or physical disability or because the tenets of their religion forbid secular activity.” | Absentee/mail-in voting |
| District of Columbia | D.C. voters approved Initiative 83 which creates a semi-open primary system allowing voters who are unaffiliated with a political party to vote in a party primary election and establish ranked-choice voting (RCV) beginning in 2026. | RCV |
| Idaho | Voters approved HJR 5 which amended the state constitution to prohibit local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote in the state. The measure added the following sentence to the state constitution: “No person who is not a citizen of the United States shall be a qualified elector in any election held within the state of Idaho.” | Noncitizen voting |
| Iowa | Voters approved Amendment 1 which prohibited the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote by providing in the state constitution that only a citizen of the U.S., rather than every citizen of the U.S., can vote. Amendment 1 also amended the state constitution to allow voters who will be 18 years old at the time of the subsequent general election to vote in primaries. | Noncitizen voting |
| Kentucky | Voters approved Constitutional Amendment 1 which amended the state constitution to add the sentence: “No person who is not a citizen of the United States shall be allowed to vote in this state.” | Noncitizen voting |
| Missouri | Voters approved Amendment 7 which made several changes to the state’s constitution, including to provide that only U.S. citizens 18 years or older can vote, thereby prohibiting the state or local governments from allowing noncitizen voting; prohibit the use of by adding the sentence: “Under no circumstance shall a voter be permitted to cast a ballot in a manner that results in the ranking of candidates for a particular office,” to the state’s constitution; and to require the use of plurality primary elections where one winner advances to the general election. | Noncitizen voting, RCV, Primary elections |
| Nevada | Voters approved Question 7 amending the state constitution to require that voters present a form of photo identification to verify their identity while voting in person, or to verify their identity using the last four digits of their drivers license or social security number when voting by mail. Nevada is an all-mail voting state where voting is conducted primarily, but not exclusively, by mail. | Voter ID |
| North Carolina | Voters approved the Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment which prohibited the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote by providing in the state constitution that only a citizen of the U.S., rather than every citizen of the U.S., can vote. | Noncitizen voting |
| Oklahoma | Voters approved Oklahoma State Question 834, which amended the state constitution to provide that only U.S. citizens, instead of all U.S. citizens, who are 18 years old or older can vote. | Noncitizen voting |
| South Carolina | Voters approved the Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment which prohibited the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote by providing in the state constitution that only a citizen of the U.S., rather than every citizen of the U.S., can vote. | Noncitizen voting |
| Wisconsin | Voters approved the Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment which amended the constitution to provide that only a U.S. citizen, instead of every U.S. citizen, can vote in federal, state, local, or school elections. | Noncitizen voting |
States that rejected ballot measures to change election policy or voting laws
Voters in eight states — Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota — rejected ten ballot measures that would have changed state election policy or voting laws.
Six of the rejected measures would have established some form of primary election where all candidates, regardless of political party affiliation, run in the same primary, such as top-two, top- four, and top-five primaries.
Ballot measures in four of these states would have established RCV for some state elections, while in one state, Montana, a rejected measure would have required candidates for certain elections to receive a majority of votes to win an election.
In Alaska, voters narrowly rejected a measure that would have repealed the state’s use of top-four primaries and RCV.
| Rejected ballot measures to change election policy or voting laws | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Description | Topic |
| Alaska | Alaska voters rejected Ballot Measure 2 which would have repealed the use of top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting general elections that voters in the state adopted through a 2020 ballot measure. | RCV |
| Arizona | Arizona voters rejected two conflicting ballot measures. Proposition 133 would have required partisan primary elections for partisan offices and banned primary elections where all candidates, regardless of political party affiliation, run in the same primary. Proposition 140 would have required the implementation of primary elections where all candidates, regardless of political party affiliation, run in the same primary. It also would have required candidates to receive a majority of votes in general elections, required the use of RCV in general elections when three or more candidates advance from the primaries, and prohibited using public funds to administer partisan primaries at the federal, state, and local levels, except for presidential preference primaries that allow independents to participate. |
Primary elections RCV |
| Colorado | Voters rejected Proposition 131 which would have established top-four primary elections and RCV for the office of U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor, attorney general, secretary of state, treasurer, Colorado University board of regents, state board of education, and state legislature. | Primary elections RCV |
| Idaho | Voters rejected Proposition 1 which would have established top-four primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections, which would apply to congressional, gubernatorial, and state, and county elected offices. | Primary elections, RCV |
| Montana | Montana voters rejected two ballot measures. CI-126 would have created a top-four primary system for elections for governor, lieutenant governor, state executives, state legislators, and congressional offices. CI-127 would have required that candidates for governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, auditor, attorney general, superintendent of public instruction, state legislature, and congressional office, receive a majority of votes (instead of a plurality) to win the general election. |
Primary elections, Electoral threshold |
| Nevada | Nevada voters rejected Question 3 which would have established open top-five primaries and RCV for general elections, which would apply to congressional, gubernatorial, state executive official, and state legislative elections. In Nevada, initiated constitutional amendments need to be approved at two successive general elections. In 2022, voters approved Question 3. |
Primary elections, RCV |
| Oregon | Oregon voters approved Measure 117 which would have implemented RCV primary and general elections for federal and state executive offices beginning in 2028. | Primary elections, RCV |
| South Dakota | South Dakota voters rejected Constitutional Amendment H which would have replaced partisan primaries with top-two primaries for state executive, state legislative, congressional, and county offices. | Primary elections |
Local roundup
Approved measures
Voters approved local ballot measures changing voting laws in two states and rejected them in three.
| Approved changes to local election policy or voting laws | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Description | Topic |
| California | In Albany, Measure V allows 16- and 17-year- olds to vote in municipal and school board elections, contingent on officials determining that’s feasible for the Alameda County Registrar of Voters. In Richmond, voters approved two conflicting local ballot measures. Measure J created a top- two primary system for city council and mayor elections where a candidate may win direct election in the primary by receiving a majority of votes, while Measure L would have adopted RCV for the general election of those same offices. Because the measures were conflicting, the one that received the most votes was enacted. Measure J received more votes than Measure L, meaning that a top-two primary and direct general election system was adopted. |
Youth voting, Primary elections, RCV |
| Illinois | Oak Park adopted a measure to elect the Oak Park President and Village Board of Trustees using RCV. Peoria adopted a measure advising the state government to adopt ranked-choice voting for statewide and federal elections. | RCV |
Rejected measures
| Rejected changes to local election policy or voting laws | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Description | Topic |
| California | Measure DD in Santa Ana would have allowed non-citizen residents of Santa Ana to vote in municipal elections. | Noncitizen voting |
| Minnesota | Question 1 in Bloomington would have repealed RCV for mayoral and city council elections. | RCV |
| Oregon | Measure 20-364 in Oakridge would have enacted STAR voting for municipal elections for three election cycles (2026, 2028, and 2030). | STAR voting |
States without election policy ballot measures
Thirty-one states did not have a ballot measure related to election policy, either at the statewide or local level:
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Delaware
- Florida
- Hawaii
- Indiana
- Kansas
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Nebraska
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Wyoming
