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Special elections to the 119th United States Congress (2025-2026)

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Special elections to the 119th Congress, 2025-2026
U.S. Senate
Florida • Ohio
U.S. House
AZ-7 • FL-1 • FL-6 • TN-7 • TX-18 • VA-11
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Special elections to U.S. Congress are required in the event of vacancies. This page is a compilation of all special elections to the 119th Congress in 2025-2026.

As of September 2025, four special elections have been held, and there are four upcoming special elections scheduled to take place. The following special elections are upcoming:

The following special elections already occurred:

Special elections to Congress occur when a legislator resigns or is removed from office. Depending on the specific state laws governing vacancies, a state can either hold an election within the same calendar year or wait until the next regularly scheduled election.

Eighty special elections to Congress were called during the 113th through 118th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 29 seats vacated by Democrats and 51 vacated by Republicans.

Special elections

House

Senate

Special election results

House

Results of special elections to the 119th Congress (House)
Race Election date Incumbent Winner Election MOV Previous election MOV 2024 Presidential election MOV[1]
Arizona's 7th Congressional District September 23, 2025 Democratic Party Raúl Grijalva Democratic Party Adelita Grijalva TBD D+27 D+22
Florida's 1st Congressional District April 1, 2025 Matt Gaetz Jimmy Patronis R+15 R+32 R+37
Florida's 6th Congressional District April 1, 2025 Michael Waltz Randy Fine R+14 R+33 R+30
Tennessee's 7th Congressional District December 2, 2025 Mark Green TBD TBD R+22 R+22
Texas' 18th Congressional District November 4, 2025 Sylvester Turner TBD TBD D+39 D+40
Virginia's 11th Congressional District September 9, 2025 Democratic Party Gerald Connolly Democratic Party James Walkinshaw D+50 D+34 D+34

Texas' 18th Congressional District special election, 2025

See also: Texas' 18th Congressional District special election, 2025

A special election to fill the seat representing Texas' 18th Congressional District in the U.S. House will be held in 2025. The general election will be held on November 4, 2025. The filing deadline was September 3, 2025.[2]

The special election will fill the vacancy left by Sylvester Turner (D), who died on March 5, 2025.[3]

Tennessee's 7th Congressional District special election, 2025

See also: Tennessee's 7th Congressional District special election, 2025

A special election to fill the seat representing Tennessee's 7th Congressional District in the U.S. House will be held in 2025. Primaries are scheduled for October 7, 2025. The general election will be held December 2, 2025. The filing deadline was August 12, 2025.[4]

The special election will fill the vacancy left by Mark Green (R), who resigned on July 20, 2025.[5]

Senate

Results of special elections to the 119th Congress (Senate)
Race Election date Incumbent Winner Election MOV Previous election MOV 2024 Presidential election MOV[6]
Ohio Senate November 3, 2026 J.D. Vance TBD TBD R+3.6 R+11
Florida Senate November 3, 2026 Marco Rubio TBD TBD R+13 R+13

United States Senate special election in Ohio, 2026

See also: United States Senate special election in Ohio, 2026

On November 3, 2026, there will be a special election to fill the rest of the six-year term that J.D. Vance (R) was elected to in 2022. Primaries are scheduled for May 5, 2026. The filing deadline is February 4, 2026.[7]

The special election will fill the vacancy left by J.D. Vance (R), who was elected to the vice-presidency.

United States Senate special election in Florida, 2026

See also: United States Senate special election in Florida, 2026

On November 3, 2026, there will be a special election to fill the rest of the six-year term that Marco Rubio (R) was elected to in 2022. Primaries are scheduled for August 18, 2026. The filing deadline is April 24, 2026.[8][9]

The special election will fill the vacancy left by Marco Rubio (R), who was confirmed as U.S. Secretary of State on January 20, 2025.

Special elections that did not change partisan control

Arizona's 7th Congressional District special election, 2025

See also: Arizona's 7th Congressional District special election, 2025

A special election to fill the seat representing Arizona's 7th Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2025. Primaries were scheduled for July 15, 2025. The general election was held September 23, 2025. The filing deadline was April 14, 2025.[10][11]

The special election filled the vacancy left by Raúl Grijalva (D), who died on March 13, 2025.[12]

Florida's 1st Congressional District special election, 2025

See also: Florida's 1st Congressional District special election, 2025

A special election to fill the seat representing Florida's 1st Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2025. A Republican Party primary was scheduled for January 28, 2025. The Democratic primary was canceled after only one candidate qualified for the ballot. The general election was held April 1, 2025. The filing deadline was December 6, 2024.

The special election filled the vacancy left by Matt Gaetz (R), who resigned from office after being selected by Donald Trump (R) to be his nominee for attorney general. Gaetz later withdrew himself from consideration for the position.

Florida's 6th Congressional District special election, 2025

See also: Florida's 6th Congressional District special election, 2025


Randy Fine (R) defeated Joshua Weil (D), Andrew Parrott (L), and Randall Terry (I) in the special general election for Florida's 6th Congressional District on April 1.[13][14]

This election, along with one for Florida’s 1st Congressional District, were the first special Congressional elections held during President Donald Trump’s (R) second term.

The special election filled the vacancy left by Michael Waltz (R), who Trump selected to serve as national security advisor in his second presidential term.[15]

The Daytona Beach News-Journal's Mark Haper wrote the race "has drawn national attention and is being viewed by eyes across the nation as a test of President Donald Trump's first two months in office."[16]

Fine was a state Senator for District 19 and a former member of the Florida House of Representatives for District 53 and District 33. Fine's campaign website listed priorities including "LOWER[ing] insurance rates and hold insurance companies accountable... PROTECT[ing] Social Security and Medicare... SECUR[ing] our borders."[17] Fine also campaigned as a supporter of Donald Trump's (R) agenda in Congress, and said, "I believe in the America First agenda and the Donald Trump agenda. And more importantly, I think that when you have a team captain, you have to support the team."[18]

Weil was a teacher. Weil campaigned to improve the affordability of housing and said in his response to Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, "We need federal, bi-partisan legislation to ban the ownership of single family residential properties by corporations, and putting housing back in the hands of the people who need it."[19] Weil also campaigned to protect and expand Social Security. In his survey response, he wrote: "Not only do we need to protect Social Security... we need to expand the cap and increase the current COLA so that it actually meets the needs of seniors in our current economy, and will continue to meet those needs for years to come."[20]

The New York Times' Shane Goldmacher wrote, "Democrats are now pressing to turn this deep-red district around Daytona Beach into — if not an actual victory — a symbol of much-needed momentum by cutting deeply into the district’s typical G.O.P. margin."[21] National figures, including Democratic National Committee chair Ken Martin (D) and Bernie Sanders (I), were involved in the race, with Martin having campaigned for Weil and Sanders having endorsed him.[22][23] National Republicans also got involved in Fine's campaign. Pres. Trump held two virtual rallies for Fine and Elon Musk's America PAC spent money to help Fine's campaign.[24]

Weil answered Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. To read his responses, click here.

As of March 12, 2025, Weil had raised $9.4 million and spent $8.2 million, Fine had raised $987,459 and spent $894,765.85.

At the time of the election, six special elections had been called for the 119th Congress. From the 113th Congress to the 118th Congress, 80 special elections were held. For more data on historical congressional special elections, click here.

Virginia's 11th Congressional District special election, 2025

See also: Virginia's 11th Congressional District special election, 2025

A special election to fill the seat representing Virginia's 11th Congressional District in the U.S. House was held in 2025. The general election was held September 9, 2025. The filing deadline was July 11, 2025.[25]

The special election filled the vacancy left by Gerald Connolly (D), who died on May 21, 2025.[26]

Historical election data

Special elections, 2013-2025

From 2013 to 2025, 88 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 119th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 32 seats vacated by Democrats and 56 vacated by Republicans.

The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2024. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 119th Congress
Congress Total elections held Vacancies before elections Seats held after elections Net change
Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans
119th Congress 4 2 2 2 2 No change
118th Congress 13 6 7 7 6 +1D, -1R
117th Congress 17 7 10 7 10 No change
116th Congress 10 3 7 4 6 +1D, -1R
115th Congress 17 4 13 8 9 +4 D, -4 R
114th Congress 7 2 5 2 5 No change
113th Congress 16 7 9 7 9 No change
Averages 12.0 4.4 7.6 5.3 6.7 N/A


U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 5 8
Republican Party Republicans 7 4
Total 12 12
U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 119th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 22 25
Republican Party Republicans 41 38
Total 63 63


Special elections, 1986-2012

The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.

Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012)
Election cycle Total special elections U.S. House elections Seats changing partisan control U.S. Senate elections Seats changing partisan control
2011-2012 11 11 None None None
2009-2010 15 10 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) 5 2 (all Republican gains)
2007-2008 14 12 3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain) 2 None
2005-2006 12 12 3 (all Democratic gains) None None
2003-2004 6 6 None None None
2001-2002 6 5 2 (all Democratic gains) 1 1 (Republican gain)
1999-2000 9 8 1 (Republican gain) 1 1 (Democratic gain)
1997-1998 3 3 None None None
1995-1996 11 9 1 (Republican gain) 2 1 (Democratic gain)
1993-1994 9 6 1 (Republican gain) 3 3 (all Republican gains)
1991-1992 10 7 2 (all Republican gains) 3 1 (Democratic gain)
1989-1990 10 8 1 (Democratic gain) 2 None
1987-1988 12 12 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) None None
1985-1986 8 8 1 (Republican gain) None None
Total 136 117 21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains) 19 9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains)

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The Downballot, "The Downballot's calculations of presidential election results by congressional district, sponsored by Grassroots Analytics," April 23, 2025
  2. ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Orders Special Election To Be Held In Congressional District 18," April 7, 2025
  3. ↑ NBC News, "Rep. Sylvester Turner, a Texas Democrat, dies at 70," March 5, 2025
  4. ↑ Tennessee Secretary of State, "Secretary of State Tre Hargett Provides Timeline for Seventh Congressional District Special Election," July 24, 2025
  5. ↑ The Tennessean, "US Rep. Mark Green will step down July 20. Who could replace him?" July 8, 2025
  6. ↑ The Downballot, "The Downballot's calculations of presidential election results by congressional district, sponsored by Grassroots Analytics," April 23, 2025
  7. ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "2026 Candidate Requirement Guide," accessed August 22, 2025
  8. ↑ Florida Divisions of Elections, "Qualifying Information," accessed August 22, 2025
  9. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "Election Dates," accessed August 22, 2025
  10. ↑ Arizona Secretary of State, "Elections Calendar & Upcoming Events," accessed March 17, 2025
  11. ↑ Arizona Secretary of State, "Arizona's Process for U.S. House Special Elections," March 14, 2025
  12. ↑ Politico, "Raúl Grijalva, Arizona Congressman, Dies at 77," accessed March 13, 2025
  13. ↑ New York Times, "Florida Special Election Results," accessed April 1, 2025
  14. ↑ Decision Desk HQ, "2025 Florida General," accessed April 1, 2025
  15. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "Trump Expected to Nominate Rubio for Secretary of State, and Picks Waltz as National Security Adviser," November 12, 2024
  16. ↑ The Daytona Beach News-Journal, "Tight Florida congressional contest enters final days, race draws national attention," March 30, 2025
  17. ↑ Randy Fine 2025 campaign website, "Issues," accessed March 31, 2025
  18. ↑ WBAL, "State Sen. Randy Fine says he doesn't think he disagrees with Trump on anything," March 31, 2025
  19. ↑ Response from Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey
  20. ↑ Response from Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey
  21. ↑ The New York Times, "A Special Election That Was Supposed to Be a Snoozer Is Suddenly Buzzing," March 31, 2025
  22. ↑ Florida Politics, "Democratic leader descends on Florida in races for two members of Congress in Special Elections Tuesday," March 30, 2025
  23. ↑ The Hill, "Sanders endorses Democrat in contested Florida special House race," March 28, 2025
  24. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans look to avert humiliation in Florida special election," March 30, 2025
  25. ↑ Commonwealth of Virginia Executive Department, "Writ of Special Election CD 11," June 3, 2025
  26. ↑ WJLA, "Virginia Gov. Youngkin calls for special election to fill seat of late Rep. Gerry Connolly," June 3, 2025
  27. ↑ Both general election candidates were Republicans.
  28. ↑ This race was unopposed.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
  30. ↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
  31. ↑ Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
  32. ↑ The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
  33. ↑ Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
  34. ↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
  35. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  36. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
  37. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
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