State judicial selection ballot measures
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As a state ballot measure topic, state judicial selection refers to measures regarding how judges are selected, including appointment processes, judicial elections, retention elections, procedures for filling vacancies, and qualifications for judicial office. The topic is grouped within the governance policy area.
This page provides information on:
- upcoming ballot measures and
- a comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state.
Upcoming ballot measures
- See also: 2025 ballot measures and 2026 ballot measures
The following is a list of state ballot measures related to state judicial selection certified for this year and future elections:
2026
- Hawaii Increase Time for Senate to Act on Judicial Appointments Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
- Indiana Residency Requirements for City and Town Court Judges Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
- Kansas Elections for Supreme Court Justices Amendment (August 2026) - On the ballot
2025
List of ballot measures
Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to state judicial selection, organized by year or state.
Year
State
2026
- Hawaii Increase Time for Senate to Act on Judicial Appointments Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
- Indiana Residency Requirements for City and Town Court Judges Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
- Kansas Elections for Supreme Court Justices Amendment (August 2026) - On the ballot
2025
2024
2022
2014
2012
2006
-
Louisiana Statewide Elective Offices Vacancies Act, Amendment 12 (September 2006)
-
Oregon Measure 40, Election of Judges by District Initiative (2006)
2004
-
Arizona Proposition 103, Justices of the Peace Amendment (2004)
-
South Dakota Amendment A, Circuit Court Judicial Selection Amendment (2004)
2003
2002
-
Georgia Amendment 1, Tax Defaulters Ineligible for Public Office Measure (2002)
-
Oregon Measure 21, Judicial Vacancies and Elections Initiative (2002)
-
Oregon Measure 22, Judicial Districts and Elections Initiative (2002)
2000
1998
-
Florida Amendment 7, Selection of Circuit and County Judges Amendment (1998)
-
Nebraska Amendment 3B, Retention Elections for Supreme and Appellate Court Justices Measure (1998)
-
North Dakota Filling of Judicial Vacancies, Measure 1 (1998)
1996
1994
-
Georgia Amendment 4, Pilot Court Projects Amendment (1994)
-
Maryland Judges Mandatory Retirement, Question 3 (1994)
1992
- Mississippi Removal from Office, Amendment 7 (1992)
-
Utah Proposition 1, Alter Consideration Time Limits and Revise Legislative Term and Session Dates Amendment (1992)
1990
1987
1986
-
Connecticut Question 3, Creating the Judicial Selection Commission Amendment (1986)
-
Rhode Island Question 2, Judicial Nominating Commission, Discipline Authority, and Mandatory Retirement Age Amendment (1986)
-
Wisconsin Question 2, Modernizing Constitutional Text Amendment (April 1986)
1984
-
Georgia Amendment 6, Elected Official Vacancies Measure (1984)
-
Utah Proposition 3, Revise the Judicial Article Amendment (1984)
1983
1980
-
Arkansas Judicial Appointments, Alternate Proposal (1980)
-
Nevada Question 2, Compensation and Election of District Judges Amendment (1980)
-
North Dakota Judicial Officers Referendum, Amendment 5 (1980)
-
South Dakota Amendment A, Appointment of Judges Measure (1980)
1978
-
Oregon Measure 1, Method of Appointment and Election of Judges Amendment (1978)
-
Pennsylvania Question 2, State Judicial Vacancies Amendment (May 1978)
1977
1976
-
Florida Amendment 2, Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Amendment (1976)
-
Missouri Amendment 6, Authority and Jurisdiction of Courts Measure (August 1976)
-
Virginia Question 5, Judicial Appointments and Elections for Vacant Positions Amendment (1976)
1974
1973
1972
-
Nebraska Amendment 12, Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (1972)
-
Nebraska Amendment 2, District Judges and Boundaries Amendment (1972)
-
Nevada Question 4, Selection of State Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1972)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, Judicial Reorganization Measure (1972)
1970
-
Alaska Amendment 4, Chief Justice Election by Supreme Court Amendment (August 1970)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, Retired Judges Measure (1970)
1968
-
Michigan Proposal No. 3, Appointments for Judicial Vacancies Amendment (August 1968)
-
North Dakota Judicial Reform Referendum, Number 5 (1968)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, Powers of Retired Judges Measure (1968)
1966
-
Georgia Amendment 18, Election of Judges Amendment (1966)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, County Court System Measure (1966)
-
Washington SJR 6, Superior Court Judge Elections Amendment (1966)
1964
1962
1960
1955
-
Michigan Proposal No. 1, Procedures for Filing Judicial Offices Amendment (April 1955)
-
Michigan Proposal No. 2, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (April 1955)
1952
1948
-
Connecticut Judicial Nomination and Appointment Procedures, Question 4 (1948)
-
Connecticut Question 1, Probate Judge Election and Terms Amendment (1948)
-
Florida Amendment 11, Judge of the Court of Record of Escambia County Amendment (1948)
1946
1944
1942
-
Florida Amendment 4, Election of Circuit Judges Amendment (1942)
-
Missouri Amendment 4, Repeal Nonpartisan Court Plan Measure (1942)
1940
1939
1938
1934
-
Connecticut Appointment of Judges Amendment (1934)
-
Michigan Proposal No. 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (1934)
1924
-
Missouri Amendment 7, Judicial Council and Court Reorganization Measure (February 1924)
-
South Dakota Referred Law 2, Nonpolitical Judicial Elections Referendum (1924)
1922
-
Missouri Proposition 14, Laws Governing Local Justices of the Peace and Constables Referendum (1922)
-
Missouri Proposition 15, Prohibit Additional Appointments of Justices of the Peace Measure (1922)
1918
-
Massachusetts Question 11, Retirement of Judges by the Governor Amendment (1918)
-
South Dakota Amendment B, Replacement of Disqualified Supreme Court Judges Measure (1918)
1914
1902
1898
1895
1889
1888
1850
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
-
Arizona Proposition 103, Justices of the Peace Amendment (2004)
-
Arizona Proposition 137, End Term Limits and Retention Elections for Supreme Court Justices and Superior Court Judges Amendment (2024)
Arkansas
California
-
California Proposition 21, Superior Court Vacancies Amendment (1952)
-
California Proposition 8, Elections of Superior Court Judges Amendment (1964)
Connecticut
-
Connecticut Appointment of Judges Amendment (1934)
-
Connecticut Judicial Nomination and Appointment Procedures, Question 4 (1948)
-
Connecticut Justices of the Peace, Question 4 (1974)
-
Connecticut Question 1, Adopting the Proposed Constitution Question (1902)
-
Connecticut Question 1, Election of Probate Court Judges Amendment (1850)
-
Connecticut Question 1, Probate Judge Election and Terms Amendment (1948)
-
Connecticut Question 2, Election of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1850)
-
Connecticut Question 3, Creating the Judicial Selection Commission Amendment (1986)
Florida
-
Florida Amendment 11, Judge of the Court of Record of Escambia County Amendment (1948)
-
Florida Amendment 2, Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Amendment (1976)
-
Florida Amendment 4, Election of Circuit Judges Amendment (1942)
-
Florida Amendment 6, Judge of the Court of Record and County Solicitor for Escambia County Amendment (1946)
-
Florida Amendment 7, Selection of Circuit and County Judges Amendment (1998)
Georgia
-
Georgia Amendment 1, Tax Defaulters Ineligible for Public Office Measure (2002)
-
Georgia Amendment 18, Election of Judges Amendment (1966)
-
Georgia Amendment 4, Pilot Court Projects Amendment (1994)
-
Georgia Amendment 6, Elected Official Vacancies Measure (1984)
-
Georgia Amendment 7, Requirements of State Court Judges Amendment (2000)
Hawaii
Indiana
Kansas
Louisiana
-
Louisiana Amendment 4, Use Earliest Election Dates for Filling Judicial Vacancies Amendment (March 2025)
-
Louisiana Judicial Vacancy Amendment (October 1983)
-
Louisiana Statewide Elective Offices Vacancies Act, Amendment 12 (September 2006)
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
-
Michigan Allow for Multiple Detroit and Saginaw County Circuit Judges Amendment (1888)
-
Michigan Allow for Multiple Kent County Circuit Judges Amendment (April 1889)
-
Michigan Circuit Court Districts and Elections Amendment (April 1895)
-
Michigan Proposal 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (April 1939)
-
Michigan Proposal B, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (1996)
-
Michigan Proposal No. 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (1934)
-
Michigan Proposal No. 1, Procedures for Filing Judicial Offices Amendment (April 1955)
-
Michigan Proposal No. 2, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (April 1955)
-
Michigan Proposal No. 2, Supreme Court Justices Initiative (1938)
-
Michigan Proposal No. 3, Appointments for Judicial Vacancies Amendment (August 1968)
Mississippi
Missouri
-
Missouri Amendment 3, Nonpartisan Judicial Selection Initiative (1940)
-
Missouri Amendment 4, Repeal Nonpartisan Court Plan Measure (1942)
-
Missouri Amendment 6, Authority and Jurisdiction of Courts Measure (August 1976)
-
Missouri Amendment 7, Judicial Council and Court Reorganization Measure (February 1924)
-
Missouri Judicial Appointment Amendment, Amendment 3 (2012)
-
Missouri Proposition 14, Laws Governing Local Justices of the Peace and Constables Referendum (1922)
-
Missouri Proposition 15, Prohibit Additional Appointments of Justices of the Peace Measure (1922)
Nebraska
-
Nebraska Amendment 12, Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (1972)
-
Nebraska Amendment 2, District Judges and Boundaries Amendment (1972)
-
Nebraska Amendment 3B, Retention Elections for Supreme and Appellate Court Justices Measure (1998)
-
Nebraska Amendment 6, Appointment of Judges Amendment (1962)
-
Nebraska Amendment 6, Judicial Districts and Elections Amendment (1960)
Nevada
-
Nevada Question 2, Compensation and Election of District Judges Amendment (1980)
-
Nevada Question 4, Selection of State Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1972)
New Mexico
New York
North Dakota
-
North Dakota Filling of Judicial Vacancies, Measure 1 (1998)
-
North Dakota Judicial Officers Referendum, Amendment 5 (1980)
-
North Dakota Judicial Reform Referendum, Number 5 (1968)
-
North Dakota Rules for Appointing Supreme Court Justices, Measure 2 (1990)
Ohio
Oregon
-
Oregon Measure 1, Method of Appointment and Election of Judges Amendment (1978)
-
Oregon Measure 21, Judicial Vacancies and Elections Initiative (2002)
-
Oregon Measure 22, Judicial Districts and Elections Initiative (2002)
-
Oregon Measure 40, Election of Judges by District Initiative (2006)
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
-
Rhode Island Qualifications for Office, Proposal 2 (1973)
-
Rhode Island Question 2, Judicial Nominating Commission, Discipline Authority, and Mandatory Retirement Age Amendment (1986)
South Dakota
-
South Dakota Amendment 7, Supreme Court Judges Disqualification Measure (1914)
-
South Dakota Amendment A, Appointment of Judges Measure (1980)
-
South Dakota Amendment A, Circuit Court Judicial Selection Amendment (2004)
-
South Dakota Amendment B, Replacement of Disqualified Supreme Court Judges Measure (1918)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, County Court System Measure (1966)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, Judicial Reorganization Measure (1972)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, Powers of Retired Judges Measure (1968)
-
South Dakota Amendment C, Retired Judges Measure (1970)
-
South Dakota Referred Law 2, Nonpolitical Judicial Elections Referendum (1924)
Utah
-
Utah Amendment 1, Create a Selection System for State Judges Measure (1944)
-
Utah Amendment 1, Permit Appointment of Officials in Case of Death or Resignation and Prohibit Appointment of Previously Denied Individuals Measure (1898)
-
Utah Proposition 1, Alter Consideration Time Limits and Revise Legislative Term and Session Dates Amendment (1992)
-
Utah Proposition 3, Revise the Judicial Article Amendment (1984)
Virginia
Washington
-
Washington HJR 4206, Office Vacancies Amendment (2003)
-
Washington SJR 6, Superior Court Judge Elections Amendment (1966)
Wisconsin
See also
Footnotes