State judicial selection ballot measures

Voters have decided on state judiciary selection ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this refers to measures regarding how judges are selected, including appointment processes, judicial elections, retention elections, procedures for filling vacancies, and qualifications for judicial office. The topic is grouped within the governance policy area.

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Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

1. Alabama Increase Age Limit for Walker County Judge of Probate from 70 to 75 Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
2. Georgia Require Nonpartisan Elections for Probate Judges Amendment (2026) - Potential
3. Hawaii Increase Time for Senate to Act on Judicial Appointments Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
4. Indiana Residency Requirements for City and Town Court Judges Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
5. Kansas Elections for Supreme Court Justices Amendment (August 2026) - On the ballot
6. Montana CI-131, Nonpartisan Supreme and District Court Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
7. Montana CI-132, Require Nonpartisan Judicial Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
8. Oklahoma Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (2026) - Potential

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2026

1. Alabama Increase Age Limit for Walker County Judge of Probate from 70 to 75 Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
2. Georgia Require Nonpartisan Elections for Probate Judges Amendment (2026) - Potential
3. Hawaii Increase Time for Senate to Act on Judicial Appointments Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
4. Indiana Residency Requirements for City and Town Court Judges Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
5. Kansas Elections for Supreme Court Justices Amendment (August 2026) - On the ballot
6. Montana CI-131, Nonpartisan Supreme and District Court Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
7. Montana CI-132, Require Nonpartisan Judicial Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
8. Oklahoma Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (2026) - Potential

2025

1. Louisiana Amendment 4, Use Earliest Election Dates for Filling Judicial Vacancies Amendment (March 2025)

2024

1. Arizona Proposition 137, End Term Limits and Retention Elections for Supreme Court Justices and Superior Court Judges Amendment (2024)
2. Colorado Amendment K, Initiative and Referendum Filing and Judicial Retention Filing Deadlines Amendment (2024)

2023

1. Texas Proposition 13, Increase Mandatory Retirement Age for State Judges Amendment (2023)

2022

1. American Samoa, Amendment 1, Governor's Power to Appoint Justices to Higher Court Measure (2022)

2019

1. Texas Proposition 1, Allowed to Serve as Multiple Municipal Judges Amendment (2019)

2018

1. Florida Amendment 6, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules Amendment (2018)
2. North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018)

2016

1. Alabama Increase of Maximum Qualifying Age for Pickens County Judges, Amendment 9 (2016)
2. Georgia Replacement of the Judicial Qualifications Commission, Amendment 3 (2016)

2014

1. Florida Amendment 3, Prospective Judicial Vacancies Measure (2014)
2. New Mexico Candidacy Declarations in Judicial Retention Elections, Amendment 3 (2014)

2012

1. Florida Amendment 5, State Judicial System Amendment (2012)
2. Hawaii Appointment of Retired Judges Amendment (2012)
3. Missouri Judicial Appointment Amendment, Amendment 3 (2012)

2010

1. Maryland Orphan's Court Judges in Baltimore, Question 3 (2010)

2008

1. Nevada Question 4, Sales and Use Tax Measure (2008)
2. New Jersey Municipal Judge Appointment Amendment, Question 2 (2008)

2006

1. Louisiana Elected Judge Qualifications, Amendment 13 (September 2006)
2. Louisiana Statewide Elective Offices Vacancies Act, Amendment 12 (September 2006)
3. Oregon Measure 40, Election of Judges by District Initiative (2006)

2005

1. Washington SJR 8207, Limited Jurisdiction Court Judges on Judicial Conduct Commission Amendment (2005)

2004

1. Arizona Proposition 103, Justices of the Peace Amendment (2004)
2. South Dakota Amendment A, Circuit Court Judicial Selection Amendment (2004)

2003

1. Washington HJR 4206, Office Vacancies Amendment (2003)

2002

1. Georgia Amendment 1, Tax Defaulters Ineligible for Public Office Measure (2002)
2. Nevada Question 6, Appointed Judges' Term of Office Amendment (2002)
3. Oregon Measure 21, Judicial Vacancies and Elections Initiative (2002)
4. Oregon Measure 22, Judicial Districts and Elections Initiative (2002)

2000

1. Georgia Amendment 7, Requirements of State Court Judges Amendment (2000)

1998

1. Florida Amendment 7, Selection of Circuit and County Judges Amendment (1998)
2. Nebraska Amendment 3A, Supreme Court Judge Residence Measure (1998)
3. Nebraska Amendment 3B, Retention Elections for Supreme and Appellate Court Justices Measure (1998)
4. North Dakota Filling of Judicial Vacancies, Measure 1 (1998)

1997

1. Texas Proposition 1, Municipal Judges Holding Multiple Offices Amendment (1997)

1996

1. Florida Amendment 3, Judicial Nominees, Judicial Qualifications Commission, and Judicial Sanctions Amendment (1996)
2. Maryland Judicial Disabilities Commission, Question 1 (1996)
3. Michigan Proposal B, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (1996)
4. South Carolina Referendum 4A, Age and Experience Qualifications for Judges (1996)
5. South Carolina Referendum 4B, Judicial Nominating Commission (1996)

1995

1. Washington SJR 8210, Supreme Court Vacancies and Chief Justice Elections Amendment (1995)

1994

1. Georgia Amendment 4, Pilot Court Projects Amendment (1994)
2. Hawaii Approve Chief Justice and Senate, Ballot Measure 5 (1994)
3. Hawaii Change Requirements in Appointments, Ballot Measure 8 (1994)
4. Hawaii Number of Judicial Nominees, Ballot Measure 6 (1994)
5. Maryland Appeals Court Circuit, Question 2 (1994)
6. Maryland Judges Mandatory Retirement, Question 3 (1994)

1992

1. Mississippi Removal from Office, Amendment 7 (1992)
2. Montana Selection of Judges and Justices, C-22 (1992)
3. Utah Proposition 1, Alter Consideration Time Limits and Revise Legislative Term and Session Dates Amendment (1992)

1990

1. North Dakota Rules for Appointing Supreme Court Justices, Measure 2 (1990)

1988

1. Montana Residency Requirements for Judges, C-19 (1988)
2. Nevada Question 4, Judicial Appointments by the Governor Amendment (1988)

1987

1. Ohio Selection of Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Initiative (1987)

1986

1. Connecticut Question 3, Creating the Judicial Selection Commission Amendment (1986)
2. Rhode Island Question 2, Judicial Nominating Commission, Discipline Authority, and Mandatory Retirement Age Amendment (1986)
3. Wisconsin Question 2, Modernizing Constitutional Text Amendment (April 1986)

1984

1. Florida Amendment 3, Rules of Procedure and Public Meetings for Judicial Nominating Commissions Amendment (1984)
2. Florida Amendment 6, Eligibility for County Court Judge Amendment (1984)
3. Georgia Amendment 6, Elected Official Vacancies Measure (1984)
4. Utah Proposition 3, Revise the Judicial Article Amendment (1984)

1983

1. Louisiana Judicial Vacancy Amendment (October 1983)
2. Nevada Question 1, District Judge Terms Amendment (June 1983)

1982

1. Idaho Selection of Chief Justice, HJR 2 (1982)

1980

1. Arkansas Judicial Appointments, Alternate Proposal (1980)
2. Maine Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 3, Probate Judges and Justices of the Peace Selection Measure (1980)
3. Nebraska Amendment 2, Changes to Commission on Judicial Qualifications Measure (1980)
4. Nevada Question 2, Compensation and Election of District Judges Amendment (1980)
5. North Carolina Judge Requirements Amendment (1980)
6. North Dakota Judicial Officers Referendum, Amendment 5 (1980)
7. South Dakota Amendment A, Appointment of Judges Measure (1980)

1978

1. Florida Amendment 6, Circuit and County Court Judges Amendment (1978)
2. Oregon Measure 1, Method of Appointment and Election of Judges Amendment (1978)
3. Pennsylvania Question 2, State Judicial Vacancies Amendment (May 1978)

1977

1. New York Amendment 1, Selection of Judges of the Court of Appeals Amendment (1977)

1976

1. Florida Amendment 2, Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Amendment (1976)
2. Maryland Selection of Court of Appeals Judges, Question 1 (1976)
3. Missouri Amendment 6, Authority and Jurisdiction of Courts Measure (August 1976)
4. Nevada Question 5, Governor Appointment of State Judges Amendment (1976)
5. Virginia Question 5, Judicial Appointments and Elections for Vacant Positions Amendment (1976)

1974

1. Connecticut Question 4, Selection of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1974)
2. Maine Question 4, Appointment of Justices of Peace and Notaries Public Amendment (1974)
3. Maryland Clerk Appointments in Baltimore, Question 13 (1974)
4. Vermont Creation of a Unified Judicial System Amendment (1974)

1973

1. Rhode Island Qualifications for Office, Proposal 2 (1973)

1972

1. Florida Amendment 1, State Judiciary Amendment (March 1972)
2. Maryland Clerk Appointments in Washington County, Question 13 (1972)
3. Maryland Harford County Orphans' Court, Question 11 (1972)
4. Nebraska Amendment 12, Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (1972)
5. Nebraska Amendment 2, District Judges and Boundaries Amendment (1972)
6. Nevada Question 4, Selection of State Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1972)
7. New York Amendment 1, Changing the Term Lengths for District Attorneys Amendment (1972)
8. South Dakota Amendment C, Judicial Reorganization Measure (1972)

1970

1. Alaska Amendment 4, Chief Justice Election by Supreme Court Amendment (August 1970)
2. Arizona Proposition 103, Commission on Judicial Qualifications Amendment (1970)
3. Florida Amendment 3, Judicial Department Amendment (1970)
4. Maryland Appointment of Judges, Question 3 (1970)
5. South Dakota Amendment C, Retired Judges Measure (1970)

1969

1. Pennsylvania Appointed Judges and Retention Elections Amendment (May 1969)

1968

1. Michigan Proposal No. 3, Appointments for Judicial Vacancies Amendment (August 1968)
2. North Dakota Judicial Reform Referendum, Number 5 (1968)
3. South Dakota Amendment C, Powers of Retired Judges Measure (1968)

1966

1. Florida Amendment 6, County Judge Bar Membership Amendment (1966)
2. Florida Amendment 8, Judicial Requirements and Discipline Amendment (1966)
3. Georgia Amendment 18, Election of Judges Amendment (1966)
4. Maryland Create Intermediate Courts of Appeal, Amendment 7 (1966)
5. New York Amendment 10, Retired Judges to Serve on Court of Appeals Amendment (1966)
6. New York Amendment 11, Allowing Retired Appellate Court Judges to Become Temporary Judges Amendment (1966)
7. North Dakota Judge Selection Referendum, Number 3 (1966)
8. South Dakota Amendment C, County Court System Measure (1966)
9. Washington SJR 6, Superior Court Judge Elections Amendment (1966)

1964

1. California Proposition 8, Elections of Superior Court Judges Amendment (1964)
2. North Dakota Police Magistrate Name Change, Referendum 3 (1964)

1962

1. Nebraska Amendment 6, Appointment of Judges Amendment (1962)

1960

1. Maryland Candidates for People's Court of Baltimore, Amendment 6 (1960)
2. Maryland Membership of the Court of Appeals, Amendment 12 (1960)
3. Maryland Municipal Court in Baltimore, Amendment 4 (1960)
4. Maryland State's Attorneys Vacancies, Amendment 1 (1960)
5. Nebraska Amendment 6, Judicial Districts and Elections Amendment (1960)

1958

1. Kansas Question 1, Supreme Court Nominating Commission Amendment (1958)

1956

1. Florida Amendment 1, Revision of the Court System Amendment (1956)

1955

1. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Procedures for Filing Judicial Offices Amendment (April 1955)
2. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (April 1955)
3. New York Amendment 10, Appointment of Temporary Judges and Justices Amendment (1955)
4. New York Amendment 9, Appointment of Temporary Judges of County Courts Amendment (1955)

1953

1. New York Amendment 1, Temporary Assignment of Judges Amendment (1953)

1952

1. California Proposition 21, Superior Court Vacancies Amendment (1952)
2. Georgia Amendment 37, Authorization of Pro Hac Vice Judges Measure (1952)

1951

1. New York Amendment 8, Permission for Judges to Serve in the Armed Forces Amendment (1951)

1950

1. Georgia Amendment 8, Pro Hac Vice Judges Measure (1950)

1948

1. Connecticut Question 1, Probate Judge Election and Terms Amendment (1948)
2. Connecticut Question 4, Procedure for Appointment of Minor Court Judges Amendment (1948)
3. Florida Amendment 11, Judge of the Court of Record of Escambia County Amendment (1948)

1947

1. New York Amendment 4, Retirement or Removal of Judicial Officers Amendment (1947)

1946

1. Florida Amendment 6, Judge of the Court of Record and County Solicitor for Escambia County Amendment (1946)
2. Maryland Chief Judge Vacancies, Amendment 4 (1946)

1944

1. Florida Amendment 4, Elective Judicial Positions Amendment (1944)
2. Florida Amendment 7, Terms of Those Elected or Appointed to Fill Vacancies Amendment (1944)
3. Utah Amendment 1, Create a Selection System for State Judges Measure (1944)

1942

1. Florida Amendment 4, Election of Circuit Judges Amendment (1942)
2. Maryland Qualifications for Associate Judges, Amendment 1 (1942)
3. Missouri Amendment 4, Repeal Nonpartisan Court Plan Measure (1942)

1940

1. Maryland Clerk of the Court of Appeals Appointment, Amendment 1 (1940)
2. Maryland Qualifications of Associate Judges, Amendment 4 (1940)
3. Missouri Amendment 3, Nonpartisan Judicial Selection Initiative (1940)

1939

1. Michigan Proposal 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (April 1939)

1938

1. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Supreme Court Justices Initiative (1938)
2. New York Amendment 5, Judiciary Article Amendment (1938)

1934

1. Connecticut Appointment of Judges Amendment (1934)
2. Idaho Selection of Judicial Officers, SJR 2 (1934)
3. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (1934)

1930

1. Minnesota Amendment 1, Election of Associate State Supreme Court Justices and Appointed Court Commissioners Amendment (1930)

1926

1. Florida State Supreme Court Chief Justice Amendment (1926)

1924

1. Missouri Amendment 7, Judicial Council and Court Reorganization Measure (February 1924)
2. South Dakota Referred Law 2, Nonpolitical Judicial Elections Referendum (1924)

1922

1. California Proposition 25, Judge Pro Tempore Amendment (1922)
2. Missouri Proposition 14, Laws Governing Local Justices of the Peace and Constables Referendum (1922)
3. Missouri Proposition 15, Prohibit Additional Appointments of Justices of the Peace Measure (1922)

1920

1. Idaho Increase Supreme Court Membership, HJR 6 (1920)
2. Nebraska Amendment 17, Supreme Court Justice Elections Amendment (September 1920)

1919

1. North Dakota Judicial Districts Referendum (1919)

1918

1. California Proposition 9, Appellate Courts Amendment (1918)
2. Massachusetts Question 11, Retirement of Judges by the Governor Amendment (1918)
3. South Dakota Amendment B, Replacement of Disqualified Supreme Court Judges Measure (1918)

1916

1. Minnesota Amendment 8, Increase Term of Probate Judges to Four Years Measure (1916)

1915

1. California Proposition 3, Superior Judge Terms Amendment (October 1915)
2. California Proposition 4, Judicial Vacancies Term Amendment (October 1915)

1914

1. South Dakota Amendment 7, Supreme Court Judges Disqualification Measure (1914)

1911

1. California Proposition 20, Appointed Supreme Court Clerks Amendment (October 1911)

1910

1. Idaho Authorize Supreme Court to Call a District Judge to Sit, SJR 7 (1910)

1908

1. Idaho Abolish Probate Court, HJR 3 (1908)
2. Nebraska Amendment 1, Term Limits and Salaries of Judges Measure (1908)

1902

1. Colorado Elect Justices of the Peace Amendment (1902)
2. Connecticut Question 1, Adopting the Proposed Constitution Question (1902)

1899

1. New York Amendment 3, Reorganization and Authority of the Appellate Division Amendment (1899)

1898

1. Utah Amendment 1, Permit Appointment of Officials in Case of Death or Resignation and Prohibit Appointment of Previously Denied Individuals Measure (1898)

1896

1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Supreme Court Structure and Term Length Measure (1896)

1895

1. Michigan Circuit Court Districts and Elections Amendment (April 1895)

1892

1. Maryland Add a Section to Article 4 of the Constitution, Amendment 1 (1892)
2. North Carolina Statewide Election for Judicial District Solicitors Amendment (1892)

1889

1. Michigan Allow for Multiple Kent County Circuit Judges Amendment (April 1889)

1888

1. Michigan Allow for Multiple Detroit and Saginaw County Circuit Judges Amendment (1888)

1880

1. Maryland Amend Article 4, Section 5 of the Constitution, Amendment 1 (1880)

1873

1. New York Amendment 1, Judicial Appointments to the Supreme Court Amendment (1873)

1850

1. Connecticut Question 1, Election of Probate Court Judges Amendment (1850)
2. Connecticut Question 2, Election of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1850)

1826

1. New York Amendment 1, Election of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1826)

Alabama

1. Alabama Increase Age Limit for Walker County Judge of Probate from 70 to 75 Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
2. Alabama Increase of Maximum Qualifying Age for Pickens County Judges, Amendment 9 (2016)

Alaska

1. Alaska Amendment 4, Chief Justice Election by Supreme Court Amendment (August 1970)

American Samoa

1. American Samoa, Amendment 1, Governor's Power to Appoint Justices to Higher Court Measure (2022)

Arizona

1. Arizona Proposition 103, Commission on Judicial Qualifications Amendment (1970)
2. Arizona Proposition 103, Justices of the Peace Amendment (2004)
3. Arizona Proposition 137, End Term Limits and Retention Elections for Supreme Court Justices and Superior Court Judges Amendment (2024)

Arkansas

1. Arkansas Judicial Appointments, Alternate Proposal (1980)

California

1. California Proposition 20, Appointed Supreme Court Clerks Amendment (October 1911)
2. California Proposition 21, Superior Court Vacancies Amendment (1952)
3. California Proposition 25, Judge Pro Tempore Amendment (1922)
4. California Proposition 3, Superior Judge Terms Amendment (October 1915)
5. California Proposition 4, Judicial Vacancies Term Amendment (October 1915)
6. California Proposition 8, Elections of Superior Court Judges Amendment (1964)
7. California Proposition 9, Appellate Courts Amendment (1918)

Colorado

1. Colorado Amendment K, Initiative and Referendum Filing and Judicial Retention Filing Deadlines Amendment (2024)
2. Colorado Elect Justices of the Peace Amendment (1902)

Connecticut

1. Connecticut Appointment of Judges Amendment (1934)
2. Connecticut Question 1, Adopting the Proposed Constitution Question (1902)
3. Connecticut Question 1, Election of Probate Court Judges Amendment (1850)
4. Connecticut Question 1, Probate Judge Election and Terms Amendment (1948)
5. Connecticut Question 2, Election of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1850)
6. Connecticut Question 3, Creating the Judicial Selection Commission Amendment (1986)
7. Connecticut Question 4, Procedure for Appointment of Minor Court Judges Amendment (1948)
8. Connecticut Question 4, Selection of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1974)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 1, Revision of the Court System Amendment (1956)
2. Florida Amendment 1, State Judiciary Amendment (March 1972)
3. Florida Amendment 11, Judge of the Court of Record of Escambia County Amendment (1948)
4. Florida Amendment 2, Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Amendment (1976)
5. Florida Amendment 3, Judicial Department Amendment (1970)
6. Florida Amendment 3, Judicial Nominees, Judicial Qualifications Commission, and Judicial Sanctions Amendment (1996)
7. Florida Amendment 3, Prospective Judicial Vacancies Measure (2014)
8. Florida Amendment 3, Rules of Procedure and Public Meetings for Judicial Nominating Commissions Amendment (1984)
9. Florida Amendment 4, Election of Circuit Judges Amendment (1942)
10. Florida Amendment 4, Elective Judicial Positions Amendment (1944)
11. Florida Amendment 5, State Judicial System Amendment (2012)
12. Florida Amendment 6, Circuit and County Court Judges Amendment (1978)
13. Florida Amendment 6, County Judge Bar Membership Amendment (1966)
14. Florida Amendment 6, Eligibility for County Court Judge Amendment (1984)
15. Florida Amendment 6, Judge of the Court of Record and County Solicitor for Escambia County Amendment (1946)
16. Florida Amendment 6, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules Amendment (2018)
17. Florida Amendment 7, Selection of Circuit and County Judges Amendment (1998)
18. Florida Amendment 7, Terms of Those Elected or Appointed to Fill Vacancies Amendment (1944)
19. Florida Amendment 8, Judicial Requirements and Discipline Amendment (1966)
20. Florida State Supreme Court Chief Justice Amendment (1926)

Georgia

1. Georgia Amendment 1, Tax Defaulters Ineligible for Public Office Measure (2002)
2. Georgia Amendment 18, Election of Judges Amendment (1966)
3. Georgia Amendment 37, Authorization of Pro Hac Vice Judges Measure (1952)
4. Georgia Amendment 4, Pilot Court Projects Amendment (1994)
5. Georgia Amendment 6, Elected Official Vacancies Measure (1984)
6. Georgia Amendment 7, Requirements of State Court Judges Amendment (2000)
7. Georgia Amendment 8, Pro Hac Vice Judges Measure (1950)
8. Georgia Replacement of the Judicial Qualifications Commission, Amendment 3 (2016)
9. Georgia Require Nonpartisan Elections for Probate Judges Amendment (2026) - Potential

Hawaii

1. Hawaii Appointment of Retired Judges Amendment (2012)
2. Hawaii Approve Chief Justice and Senate, Ballot Measure 5 (1994)
3. Hawaii Change Requirements in Appointments, Ballot Measure 8 (1994)
4. Hawaii Increase Time for Senate to Act on Judicial Appointments Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
5. Hawaii Number of Judicial Nominees, Ballot Measure 6 (1994)

Idaho

1. Idaho Abolish Probate Court, HJR 3 (1908)
2. Idaho Authorize Supreme Court to Call a District Judge to Sit, SJR 7 (1910)
3. Idaho Increase Supreme Court Membership, HJR 6 (1920)
4. Idaho Selection of Chief Justice, HJR 2 (1982)
5. Idaho Selection of Judicial Officers, SJR 2 (1934)

Indiana

1. Indiana Residency Requirements for City and Town Court Judges Amendment (2026) - On the ballot

Kansas

1. Kansas Elections for Supreme Court Justices Amendment (August 2026) - On the ballot
2. Kansas Question 1, Supreme Court Nominating Commission Amendment (1958)

Louisiana

1. Louisiana Amendment 4, Use Earliest Election Dates for Filling Judicial Vacancies Amendment (March 2025)
2. Louisiana Elected Judge Qualifications, Amendment 13 (September 2006)
3. Louisiana Judicial Vacancy Amendment (October 1983)
4. Louisiana Statewide Elective Offices Vacancies Act, Amendment 12 (September 2006)

Maine

1. Maine Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 3, Probate Judges and Justices of the Peace Selection Measure (1980)
2. Maine Question 4, Appointment of Justices of Peace and Notaries Public Amendment (1974)

Maryland

1. Maryland Add a Section to Article 4 of the Constitution, Amendment 1 (1892)
2. Maryland Amend Article 4, Section 5 of the Constitution, Amendment 1 (1880)
3. Maryland Appeals Court Circuit, Question 2 (1994)
4. Maryland Appointment of Judges, Question 3 (1970)
5. Maryland Candidates for People's Court of Baltimore, Amendment 6 (1960)
6. Maryland Chief Judge Vacancies, Amendment 4 (1946)
7. Maryland Clerk Appointments in Baltimore, Question 13 (1974)
8. Maryland Clerk Appointments in Washington County, Question 13 (1972)
9. Maryland Clerk of the Court of Appeals Appointment, Amendment 1 (1940)
10. Maryland Create Intermediate Courts of Appeal, Amendment 7 (1966)
11. Maryland Harford County Orphans' Court, Question 11 (1972)
12. Maryland Judges Mandatory Retirement, Question 3 (1994)
13. Maryland Judicial Disabilities Commission, Question 1 (1996)
14. Maryland Membership of the Court of Appeals, Amendment 12 (1960)
15. Maryland Municipal Court in Baltimore, Amendment 4 (1960)
16. Maryland Orphan's Court Judges in Baltimore, Question 3 (2010)
17. Maryland Qualifications for Associate Judges, Amendment 1 (1942)
18. Maryland Qualifications of Associate Judges, Amendment 4 (1940)
19. Maryland Selection of Court of Appeals Judges, Question 1 (1976)
20. Maryland State's Attorneys Vacancies, Amendment 1 (1960)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Question 11, Retirement of Judges by the Governor Amendment (1918)

Michigan

1. Michigan Allow for Multiple Detroit and Saginaw County Circuit Judges Amendment (1888)
2. Michigan Allow for Multiple Kent County Circuit Judges Amendment (April 1889)
3. Michigan Circuit Court Districts and Elections Amendment (April 1895)
4. Michigan Proposal 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (April 1939)
5. Michigan Proposal B, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (1996)
6. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (1934)
7. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Procedures for Filing Judicial Offices Amendment (April 1955)
8. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (April 1955)
9. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Supreme Court Justices Initiative (1938)
10. Michigan Proposal No. 3, Appointments for Judicial Vacancies Amendment (August 1968)

Minnesota

1. Minnesota Amendment 1, Election of Associate State Supreme Court Justices and Appointed Court Commissioners Amendment (1930)
2. Minnesota Amendment 8, Increase Term of Probate Judges to Four Years Measure (1916)

Mississippi

1. Mississippi Removal from Office, Amendment 7 (1992)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 3, Nonpartisan Judicial Selection Initiative (1940)
2. Missouri Amendment 4, Repeal Nonpartisan Court Plan Measure (1942)
3. Missouri Amendment 6, Authority and Jurisdiction of Courts Measure (August 1976)
4. Missouri Amendment 7, Judicial Council and Court Reorganization Measure (February 1924)
5. Missouri Judicial Appointment Amendment, Amendment 3 (2012)
6. Missouri Proposition 14, Laws Governing Local Justices of the Peace and Constables Referendum (1922)
7. Missouri Proposition 15, Prohibit Additional Appointments of Justices of the Peace Measure (1922)

Montana

1. Montana CI-131, Nonpartisan Supreme and District Court Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
2. Montana CI-132, Require Nonpartisan Judicial Elections Initiative (2026) - Potential
3. Montana Residency Requirements for Judges, C-19 (1988)
4. Montana Selection of Judges and Justices, C-22 (1992)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Supreme Court Structure and Term Length Measure (1896)
2. Nebraska Amendment 1, Term Limits and Salaries of Judges Measure (1908)
3. Nebraska Amendment 12, Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (1972)
4. Nebraska Amendment 17, Supreme Court Justice Elections Amendment (September 1920)
5. Nebraska Amendment 2, Changes to Commission on Judicial Qualifications Measure (1980)
6. Nebraska Amendment 2, District Judges and Boundaries Amendment (1972)
7. Nebraska Amendment 3A, Supreme Court Judge Residence Measure (1998)
8. Nebraska Amendment 3B, Retention Elections for Supreme and Appellate Court Justices Measure (1998)
9. Nebraska Amendment 6, Appointment of Judges Amendment (1962)
10. Nebraska Amendment 6, Judicial Districts and Elections Amendment (1960)

Nevada

1. Nevada Question 1, District Judge Terms Amendment (June 1983)
2. Nevada Question 2, Compensation and Election of District Judges Amendment (1980)
3. Nevada Question 4, Judicial Appointments by the Governor Amendment (1988)
4. Nevada Question 4, Sales and Use Tax Measure (2008)
5. Nevada Question 4, Selection of State Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1972)
6. Nevada Question 5, Governor Appointment of State Judges Amendment (1976)
7. Nevada Question 6, Appointed Judges' Term of Office Amendment (2002)

New Jersey

1. New Jersey Municipal Judge Appointment Amendment, Question 2 (2008)

New Mexico

1. New Mexico Candidacy Declarations in Judicial Retention Elections, Amendment 3 (2014)

New York

1. New York Amendment 1, Changing the Term Lengths for District Attorneys Amendment (1972)
2. New York Amendment 1, Election of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1826)
3. New York Amendment 1, Judicial Appointments to the Supreme Court Amendment (1873)
4. New York Amendment 1, Selection of Judges of the Court of Appeals Amendment (1977)
5. New York Amendment 1, Temporary Assignment of Judges Amendment (1953)
6. New York Amendment 10, Appointment of Temporary Judges and Justices Amendment (1955)
7. New York Amendment 10, Retired Judges to Serve on Court of Appeals Amendment (1966)
8. New York Amendment 11, Allowing Retired Appellate Court Judges to Become Temporary Judges Amendment (1966)
9. New York Amendment 3, Reorganization and Authority of the Appellate Division Amendment (1899)
10. New York Amendment 4, Retirement or Removal of Judicial Officers Amendment (1947)
11. New York Amendment 5, Judiciary Article Amendment (1938)
12. New York Amendment 8, Permission for Judges to Serve in the Armed Forces Amendment (1951)
13. New York Amendment 9, Appointment of Temporary Judges of County Courts Amendment (1955)

North Carolina

1. North Carolina Judge Requirements Amendment (1980)
2. North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018)
3. North Carolina Statewide Election for Judicial District Solicitors Amendment (1892)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota Filling of Judicial Vacancies, Measure 1 (1998)
2. North Dakota Judge Selection Referendum, Number 3 (1966)
3. North Dakota Judicial Districts Referendum (1919)
4. North Dakota Judicial Officers Referendum, Amendment 5 (1980)
5. North Dakota Judicial Reform Referendum, Number 5 (1968)
6. North Dakota Police Magistrate Name Change, Referendum 3 (1964)
7. North Dakota Rules for Appointing Supreme Court Justices, Measure 2 (1990)

Ohio

1. Ohio Selection of Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Initiative (1987)

Oklahoma

1. Oklahoma Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (2026) - Potential

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 1, Method of Appointment and Election of Judges Amendment (1978)
2. Oregon Measure 21, Judicial Vacancies and Elections Initiative (2002)
3. Oregon Measure 22, Judicial Districts and Elections Initiative (2002)
4. Oregon Measure 40, Election of Judges by District Initiative (2006)

Pennsylvania

1. Pennsylvania Appointed Judges and Retention Elections Amendment (May 1969)
2. Pennsylvania Question 2, State Judicial Vacancies Amendment (May 1978)

Rhode Island

1. Rhode Island Qualifications for Office, Proposal 2 (1973)
2. Rhode Island Question 2, Judicial Nominating Commission, Discipline Authority, and Mandatory Retirement Age Amendment (1986)

South Carolina

1. South Carolina Referendum 4A, Age and Experience Qualifications for Judges (1996)
2. South Carolina Referendum 4B, Judicial Nominating Commission (1996)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Amendment 7, Supreme Court Judges Disqualification Measure (1914)
2. South Dakota Amendment A, Appointment of Judges Measure (1980)
3. South Dakota Amendment A, Circuit Court Judicial Selection Amendment (2004)
4. South Dakota Amendment B, Replacement of Disqualified Supreme Court Judges Measure (1918)
5. South Dakota Amendment C, County Court System Measure (1966)
6. South Dakota Amendment C, Judicial Reorganization Measure (1972)
7. South Dakota Amendment C, Powers of Retired Judges Measure (1968)
8. South Dakota Amendment C, Retired Judges Measure (1970)
9. South Dakota Referred Law 2, Nonpolitical Judicial Elections Referendum (1924)

Texas

1. Texas Proposition 1, Allowed to Serve as Multiple Municipal Judges Amendment (2019)
2. Texas Proposition 1, Municipal Judges Holding Multiple Offices Amendment (1997)
3. Texas Proposition 13, Increase Mandatory Retirement Age for State Judges Amendment (2023)

Utah

1. Utah Amendment 1, Create a Selection System for State Judges Measure (1944)
2. Utah Amendment 1, Permit Appointment of Officials in Case of Death or Resignation and Prohibit Appointment of Previously Denied Individuals Measure (1898)
3. Utah Proposition 1, Alter Consideration Time Limits and Revise Legislative Term and Session Dates Amendment (1992)
4. Utah Proposition 3, Revise the Judicial Article Amendment (1984)

Vermont

1. Vermont Creation of a Unified Judicial System Amendment (1974)

Virginia

1. Virginia Question 5, Judicial Appointments and Elections for Vacant Positions Amendment (1976)

Washington

1. Washington HJR 4206, Office Vacancies Amendment (2003)
2. Washington SJR 6, Superior Court Judge Elections Amendment (1966)
3. Washington SJR 8207, Limited Jurisdiction Court Judges on Judicial Conduct Commission Amendment (2005)
4. Washington SJR 8210, Supreme Court Vacancies and Chief Justice Elections Amendment (1995)

Wisconsin

1. Wisconsin Question 2, Modernizing Constitutional Text Amendment (April 1986)

See also

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