State judicial selection ballot measures

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As a state ballot measure topic, state judicial selection refers to measures regarding how judges are selected, including appointment processes, judicial elections, retention elections, procedures for filling vacancies, and qualifications for judicial office. The topic is grouped within the governance policy area.

This page provides information on:

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2025 ballot measures and 2026 ballot measures

List of ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to state judicial selection, organized by year or state.

2026

  1. Hawaii Increase Time for Senate to Act on Judicial Appointments Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
  2. Indiana Residency Requirements for City and Town Court Judges Amendment (2026) - On the ballot
  3. Kansas Elections for Supreme Court Justices Amendment (August 2026) - On the ballot

2025

  1. Louisiana Amendment 4, Use Earliest Election Dates for Filling Judicial Vacancies Amendment (March 2025) Defeated

2024

  1. Arizona Proposition 137, End Term Limits and Retention Elections for Supreme Court Justices and Superior Court Judges Amendment (2024) Defeated
  2. Colorado Amendment K, Initiative and Referendum Filing and Judicial Retention Filing Deadlines Amendment (2024) Defeated

2023

  1. Texas Proposition 13, Increase Mandatory Retirement Age for State Judges Amendment (2023) Defeated

2022

  1. American Samoa, Amendment 1, Governor's Power to Appoint Justices to Higher Court Measure (2022) Defeated

2019

  1. Texas Proposition 1, Allowed to Serve as Multiple Municipal Judges Amendment (2019) Defeated

2018

  1. Florida Amendment 6, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules Amendment (2018) Approved
  2. North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018) Defeated

2016

  1. Alabama Increase of Maximum Qualifying Age for Pickens County Judges, Amendment 9 (2016) Defeated
  2. Georgia Replacement of the Judicial Qualifications Commission, Amendment 3 (2016) Approved

2014

  1. Florida Amendment 3, Prospective Judicial Vacancies Measure (2014) Defeated
  2. New Mexico Candidacy Declarations in Judicial Retention Elections, Amendment 3 (2014) Approved

2012

  1. Florida Amendment 5, State Judicial System Amendment (2012) Defeated
  2. Hawaii Appointment of Retired Judges Amendment (2012) Defeated
  3. Missouri Judicial Appointment Amendment, Amendment 3 (2012) Defeated

2010

  1. Maryland Orphan's Court Judges in Baltimore, Question 3 (2010) Approved

2008

  1. New Jersey Municipal Judge Appointment Amendment, Question 2 (2008) Defeated

2006

  1. Louisiana Elected Judge Qualifications, Amendment 13 (September 2006) Approved
  2. Louisiana Statewide Elective Offices Vacancies Act, Amendment 12 (September 2006) Approved
  3. Oregon Measure 40, Election of Judges by District Initiative (2006) Defeated

2004

  1. Arizona Proposition 103, Justices of the Peace Amendment (2004) Approved
  2. South Dakota Amendment A, Circuit Court Judicial Selection Amendment (2004) Defeated

2003

  1. Washington HJR 4206, Office Vacancies Amendment (2003) Approved

2002

  1. Georgia Amendment 1, Tax Defaulters Ineligible for Public Office Measure (2002) Approved
  2. Oregon Measure 21, Judicial Vacancies and Elections Initiative (2002) Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure 22, Judicial Districts and Elections Initiative (2002) Defeated

2000

  1. Georgia Amendment 7, Requirements of State Court Judges Amendment (2000) Approved

1998

  1. Florida Amendment 7, Selection of Circuit and County Judges Amendment (1998) Approved
  2. Nebraska Amendment 3B, Retention Elections for Supreme and Appellate Court Justices Measure (1998) Defeated
  3. North Dakota Filling of Judicial Vacancies, Measure 1 (1998) Approved

1997

  1. Texas Proposition 1, Municipal Judges Holding Multiple Offices Amendment (1997) Defeated

1996

  1. Florida Amendment 3, Judicial Nominees, Judicial Qualifications Commission, and Judicial Sanctions Amendment (1996) Approved
  2. Maryland Judicial Disabilities Commission, Question 1 (1996) Approved
  3. Michigan Proposal B, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (1996) Approved
  4. South Carolina Referendum 4A, Age and Experience Qualifications for Judges (1996) Approved
  5. South Carolina Referendum 4B, Judicial Nominating Commission (1996) Approved

1994

  1. Georgia Amendment 4, Pilot Court Projects Amendment (1994) Approved
  2. Hawaii Approve Chief Justice and Senate, Ballot Measure 5 (1994) Approved
  3. Hawaii Change Requirements in Appointments, Ballot Measure 8 (1994) Approved
  4. Hawaii Number of Judicial Nominees, Ballot Measure 6 (1994) Approved
  5. Maryland Appeals Court Circuit, Question 2 (1994) Approved
  6. Maryland Judges Mandatory Retirement, Question 3 (1994) Defeated

1992

  1. Mississippi Removal from Office, Amendment 7 (1992)
  2. Montana Selection of Judges and Justices, C-22 (1992) Approved
  3. Utah Proposition 1, Alter Consideration Time Limits and Revise Legislative Term and Session Dates Amendment (1992) Approved

1990

  1. North Dakota Rules for Appointing Supreme Court Justices, Measure 2 (1990) Defeated

1988

  1. Montana Residency Requirements for Judges, C-19 (1988) Approved

1987

  1. Ohio Selection of Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Initiative (1987) Defeated

1986

  1. Connecticut Question 3, Creating the Judicial Selection Commission Amendment (1986) Approved
  2. Rhode Island Question 2, Judicial Nominating Commission, Discipline Authority, and Mandatory Retirement Age Amendment (1986) Defeated
  3. Wisconsin Question 2, Modernizing Constitutional Text Amendment (April 1986) Approved

1984

  1. Florida Amendment 3, Rules of Procedure and Public Meetings for Judicial Nominating Commissions Amendment (1984) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 6, Eligibility for County Court Judge Amendment (1984) Approved
  3. Georgia Amendment 6, Elected Official Vacancies Measure (1984) Approved
  4. Utah Proposition 3, Revise the Judicial Article Amendment (1984) Approved

1983

  1. Louisiana Judicial Vacancy Amendment (October 1983) Approved

1982

  1. Idaho Selection of Chief Justice, HJR 2 (1982) Approved

1980

  1. Arkansas Judicial Appointments, Alternate Proposal (1980) Approved
  2. Maine Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 3, Probate Judges and Justices of the Peace Selection Measure (1980) Approved
  3. Nebraska Amendment 2, Changes to Commission on Judicial Qualifications Measure (1980) Approved
  4. Nevada Question 2, Compensation and Election of District Judges Amendment (1980) Defeated
  5. North Dakota Judicial Officers Referendum, Amendment 5 (1980) Approved
  6. South Dakota Amendment A, Appointment of Judges Measure (1980) Approved

1978

  1. Florida Amendment 6, Circuit and County Court Judges Amendment (1978) Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure 1, Method of Appointment and Election of Judges Amendment (1978) Defeated
  3. Pennsylvania Question 2, State Judicial Vacancies Amendment (May 1978) Approved

1977

  1. New York Amendment 1, Selection of Judges of the Court of Appeals Amendment (1977) Approved

1976

  1. Florida Amendment 2, Supreme and Appellate Court Judges Amendment (1976) Approved
  2. Maryland Selection of Court of Appeals Judges, Question 1 (1976) Approved
  3. Missouri Amendment 6, Authority and Jurisdiction of Courts Measure (August 1976) Approved
  4. Virginia Question 5, Judicial Appointments and Elections for Vacant Positions Amendment (1976) Approved

1974

  1. Connecticut Question 4, Selection of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1974) Approved
  2. Maine Question 4, Appointment of Justices of Peace and Notaries Public Amendment (1974) Approved
  3. Maryland Clerk Appointments in Baltimore, Question 13 (1974) Approved
  4. Vermont Creation of a Unified Judicial System Amendment (1974) Approved

1973

  1. Rhode Island Qualifications for Office, Proposal 2 (1973) Approved

1972

  1. Florida Amendment 1, State Judiciary Amendment (March 1972) Approved
  2. Maryland Clerk Appointments in Washington County, Question 13 (1972) Approved
  3. Maryland Harford County Orphans' Court, Question 11 (1972) Approved
  4. Nebraska Amendment 12, Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (1972) Approved
  5. Nebraska Amendment 2, District Judges and Boundaries Amendment (1972) Approved
  6. Nevada Question 4, Selection of State Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1972) Defeated
  7. New York Amendment 1, Changing the Term Lengths for District Attorneys Amendment (1972) Approved
  8. South Dakota Amendment C, Judicial Reorganization Measure (1972) Approved

1970

  1. Alaska Amendment 4, Chief Justice Election by Supreme Court Amendment (August 1970) Approved
  2. Arizona Proposition 103, Commission on Judicial Qualifications Amendment (1970) Approved
  3. Florida Amendment 3, Judicial Department Amendment (1970) Defeated
  4. Maryland Appointment of Judges, Question 3 (1970) Defeated
  5. South Dakota Amendment C, Retired Judges Measure (1970) Approved

1969

  1. Pennsylvania Appointed Judges and Retention Elections Amendment (May 1969) Defeated

1968

  1. Michigan Proposal No. 3, Appointments for Judicial Vacancies Amendment (August 1968) Approved
  2. North Dakota Judicial Reform Referendum, Number 5 (1968) Defeated
  3. South Dakota Amendment C, Powers of Retired Judges Measure (1968) Defeated

1966

  1. Florida Amendment 6, County Judge Bar Membership Amendment (1966) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 8, Judicial Requirements and Discipline Amendment (1966) Approved
  3. Georgia Amendment 18, Election of Judges Amendment (1966) Approved
  4. Maryland Create Intermediate Courts of Appeal, Amendment 7 (1966) Approved
  5. New York Amendment 10, Retired Judges to Serve on Court of Appeals Amendment (1966) Defeated
  6. New York Amendment 11, Allowing Retired Appellate Court Judges to Become Temporary Judges Amendment (1966) Approved
  7. North Dakota Judge Selection Referendum, Number 3 (1966) Defeated
  8. South Dakota Amendment C, County Court System Measure (1966) Approved
  9. Washington SJR 6, Superior Court Judge Elections Amendment (1966) Approved

1964

  1. California Proposition 8, Elections of Superior Court Judges Amendment (1964) Approved
  2. North Dakota Police Magistrate Name Change, Referendum 3 (1964) Approved

1962

  1. Nebraska Amendment 6, Appointment of Judges Amendment (1962) Approved

1960

  1. Maryland Candidates for People's Court of Baltimore, Amendment 6 (1960) Approved
  2. Maryland Membership of the Court of Appeals, Amendment 12 (1960) Approved
  3. Maryland Municipal Court in Baltimore, Amendment 4 (1960) Approved
  4. Maryland State's Attorneys Vacancies, Amendment 1 (1960) Approved
  5. Nebraska Amendment 6, Judicial Districts and Elections Amendment (1960) Approved

1958

  1. Kansas Question 1, Supreme Court Nominating Commission Amendment (1958) Approved

1956

  1. Florida Amendment 1, Revision of the Court System Amendment (1956) Approved

1955

  1. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Procedures for Filing Judicial Offices Amendment (April 1955) Approved
  2. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Judicial Qualifications Amendment (April 1955) Approved

1952

  1. California Proposition 21, Superior Court Vacancies Amendment (1952) Approved
  2. Georgia Amendment 37, Authorization of Pro Hac Vice Judges Measure (1952) Approved

1950

  1. Georgia Amendment 8, Pro Hac Vice Judges Measure (1950) Approved

1948

  1. Connecticut Question 1, Probate Judge Election and Terms Amendment (1948) Approved
  2. Connecticut Question 4, Procedure for Appointment of Minor Court Judges Amendment (1948) Approved
  3. Florida Amendment 11, Judge of the Court of Record of Escambia County Amendment (1948) Approved

1946

  1. Florida Amendment 6, Judge of the Court of Record and County Solicitor for Escambia County Amendment (1946) Defeated
  2. Maryland Chief Judge Vacancies, Amendment 4 (1946) Approved

1944

  1. Florida Amendment 4, Elective Judicial Positions Amendment (1944) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 7, Terms of Those Elected or Appointed to Fill Vacancies Amendment (1944) Approved
  3. Utah Amendment 1, Create a Selection System for State Judges Measure (1944) Approved

1942

  1. Florida Amendment 4, Election of Circuit Judges Amendment (1942) Approved
  2. Maryland Qualifications for Associate Judges, Amendment 1 (1942) Approved
  3. Missouri Amendment 4, Repeal Nonpartisan Court Plan Measure (1942) Defeated

1940

  1. Maryland Clerk of the Court of Appeals Appointment, Amendment 1 (1940) Approved
  2. Maryland Qualifications of Associate Judges, Amendment 4 (1940) Defeated
  3. Missouri Amendment 3, Nonpartisan Judicial Selection Initiative (1940) Approved

1939

  1. Michigan Proposal 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (April 1939) Approved

1938

  1. Michigan Proposal No. 2, Supreme Court Justices Initiative (1938) Defeated

1934

  1. Connecticut Appointment of Judges Amendment (1934) Approved
  2. Idaho Selection of Judicial Officers, SJR 2 (1934) Approved
  3. Michigan Proposal No. 1, Non-Partisan Judicial Elections Initiative (1934) Defeated

1930

  1. Minnesota Replace Court Commissioners, Amendment 1 (1930) Approved

1926

  1. Florida State Supreme Court Chief Justice Amendment (1926) Approved

1924

  1. Missouri Amendment 7, Judicial Council and Court Reorganization Measure (February 1924) Defeated
  2. South Dakota Referred Law 2, Nonpolitical Judicial Elections Referendum (1924) Defeated

1922

  1. Missouri Proposition 14, Laws Governing Local Justices of the Peace and Constables Referendum (1922) Defeated
  2. Missouri Proposition 15, Prohibit Additional Appointments of Justices of the Peace Measure (1922) Defeated

1920

  1. Idaho Increase Supreme Court Membership, HJR 6 (1920) Approved
  2. Nebraska Amendment 17, Supreme Court Justice Elections Amendment (September 1920) Approved

1919

  1. North Dakota Judicial Districts Referendum (1919) Approved

1918

  1. Massachusetts Question 11, Retirement of Judges by the Governor Amendment (1918) Approved
  2. South Dakota Amendment B, Replacement of Disqualified Supreme Court Judges Measure (1918) Approved

1914

  1. South Dakota Amendment 7, Supreme Court Judges Disqualification Measure (1914) Defeated

1910

  1. Idaho Authorize Supreme Court to Call a District Judge to Sit, SJR 7 (1910) Approved

1908

  1. Idaho Abolish Probate Court, HJR 3 (1908) Approved
  2. Nebraska Amendment 1, Term Limits and Salaries of Judges Measure (1908) Approved

1902

  1. Colorado Elect Justices of the Peace Amendment (1902) Approved
  2. Connecticut Question 1, Adopting the Proposed Constitution Question (1902) Defeated

1898

  1. Utah Amendment 1, Permit Appointment of Officials in Case of Death or Resignation and Prohibit Appointment of Previously Denied Individuals Measure (1898) Defeated

1896

  1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Supreme Court Structure and Term Length Measure (1896) Defeated

1895

  1. Michigan Circuit Court Districts and Elections Amendment (April 1895) Defeated

1892

  1. Maryland Add a Section to Article 4 of the Constitution, Amendment 1 (1892) Approved
  2. North Carolina Statewide Election for Judicial District Solicitors Amendment (1892) Approved

1889

  1. Michigan Allow for Multiple Kent County Circuit Judges Amendment (April 1889) Approved

1888

  1. Michigan Allow for Multiple Detroit and Saginaw County Circuit Judges Amendment (1888) Approved

1880

  1. Maryland Amend Article 4, Section 5 of the Constitution, Amendment 1 (1880) Approved

1850

  1. Connecticut Question 1, Election of Probate Court Judges Amendment (1850) Approved
  2. Connecticut Question 2, Election of Justices of the Peace Amendment (1850) Approved

See also

Footnotes

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