State judiciary structure ballot measures

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As a state ballot measure topic, state judiciary structure refers to measures regarding the organization of the state judicial system, including the creation, consolidation, or elimination of courts and changes to the number of judges. The topic is grouped within the governance policy area.

This page provides information on:

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2025 ballot measures and 2026 ballot measures
The following is a list of state ballot measures related to state judiciary structure certified for this year and future elections:

List of ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to state judiciary structure, organized by year or state.

2025

  1. Louisiana Amendment 1, Allow Legislature to Create Trial Courts of Specialized Jurisdiction and Provide Supreme Court Original Jurisdiction to Discipline Out-of-State Lawyers Amendment (March 2025) Defeated

2024

  1. Louisiana Amendment 1, Judiciary Commission Investigation of Sitting Judges Amendment (December 2024) Approved

2022

  1. New Hampshire Question 1, Abolish Office of Register of Probate Amendment (2022) Defeated

2018

  1. North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018) Defeated

2016

  1. Georgia Replacement of the Judicial Qualifications Commission, Amendment 3 (2016) Approved

2012

  1. New Mexico Public Defender Office Amendment, Constitutional Amendment 5 (2012) Approved
  2. Oregon Measure 78, Government Branches Amendment (2012) Approved

2010

  1. Louisiana Workers' Compensation Judgements, Amendment 9 (2010) Approved

2006

  1. Louisiana Family and Juvenile Courts Act, Amendment 6 (2006) Approved
  2. Maryland Circuit Court In Banc Decisions, Question 2 (2006) Approved

2002

  1. Kentucky Proposed Family Court Amendment, Amendment 1 (2002) Approved
  2. New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 3 (2002) Approved

2000

  1. West Virginia Unified Family Court, Amendment 1 (2000) Approved

1999

  1. Texas Proposition 16, Number of County Precincts Amendment (1999) Approved

1998

  1. New Mexico Amendment 2 (1998) Approved
  2. West Virginia Amendment 2 (1998) Defeated

1996

  1. Maryland Judicial Disabilities Commission, Question 1 (1996) Approved

1994

  1. California Proposition 190, Disciplinary Proceedings and Removal of State Judges Amendment (1994) Approved
  2. Georgia Amendment 4, Pilot Court Projects Amendment (1994) Approved
  3. Nevada Question 1, Judicial Discipline Commission Amendment (1994) Approved

1990

  1. Nebraska Amendment 2, Right to Appeal to Supreme Court and Appellate Courts Measure (1990) Approved

1988

  1. Arizona Proposition 102, Commission on Judicial Conduct Amendment (1988) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 8, Civil Traffic Hearing Officer System Amendment (1988) Approved

1985

  1. Texas Proposition 7, Chambers County Precincts Amendment (1985) Approved

1984

  1. Maine Question 2, Bond Issue to Fund the Construction of Courthouses Measure (1984) Defeated
  2. Utah Proposition 3, Revise the Judicial Article Amendment (1984) Approved

1983

  1. Texas Proposition 1, Justices of the Peace and Constables Amendment (1983) Approved

1982

  1. Colorado Amendment No. 3, Commission on Judicial Discipline Amendment (1982) Approved
  2. Connecticut Question 4, Establishment of an Appellate Court Amendment (1982) Approved
  3. Minnesota Create Court of Appeals, Amendment 1 (1982) Approved

1980

  1. Maryland Consolidation of Courts in Baltimore, Question 2 (1980) Approved
  2. Nebraska Amendment 1, Change Supreme Court Judicial Districts Measure (1980) Defeated
  3. Nebraska Amendment 2, Changes to Commission on Judicial Qualifications Measure (1980) Approved

1978

  1. Maine Question 1, Repeal of Constitutional Status for Justices of the Peace Amendment (1978) Approved

1977

  1. New York Amendment 1, Selection of Judges of the Court of Appeals Amendment (1977) Approved
  2. New York Amendment 2, Administration of the Unified Court System Amendment (1977) Defeated

1976

  1. Maryland Number of Circuit Court Judges, Question 6 (1976) Approved
  2. Missouri Amendment 6, Authority and Jurisdiction of Courts Measure (August 1976) Approved

1975

  1. Kentucky Judicial Branch Restructuring Referendum (1975) Approved
  2. New York Amendment 2, Create a Judicial Conduct Commission Amendment (1975) Approved
  3. New York Amendment 3, Organization and Financing of the Unified Court System Amendment (1975) Defeated

1974

  1. Georgia Amendment 1, Unified Judicial System Measure (1974) Approved
  2. Georgia Amendment 5, State Court of Claims Measure (1974) Approved
  3. Vermont Creation of a Unified Judicial System Amendment (1974) Approved

1972

  1. Florida Amendment 1, State Judiciary Amendment (March 1972) Approved
  2. Maryland Harford County Orphans' Court, Question 11 (1972) Approved
  3. Minnesota Reorganize State Judicial System, Amendment 2 (1972) Approved
  4. Nebraska Amendment 2, District Judges and Boundaries Amendment (1972) Approved
  5. Nebraska Amendment 7, Supreme Court Budget Amendment (May 1972) Approved
  6. New York Amendment 1, Changing the Term Lengths for District Attorneys Amendment (1972) Approved
  7. New York Amendment 3, Increasing the Number of Judicial Departments Amendment (1972) Defeated
  8. South Dakota Amendment C, Judicial Reorganization Measure (1972) Approved

1970

  1. Florida Amendment 3, Judicial Department Amendment (1970) Defeated
  2. Maryland Judicial Powers and Duties, Question 2 (1970) Approved
  3. Missouri Amendment 3, Jurisdiction of Courts Measure (August 1970) Approved
  4. Nebraska Amendment 2, Judicial Districts Reapportionment Amendment (1970) Approved
  5. Nebraska Amendment 4, Retired Judges Duty Amendment (1970) Approved
  6. Nebraska Amendment 9, Administration of the Courts Amendment (1970) Approved
  7. South Dakota Amendment C, Retired Judges Measure (1970) Approved

1968

  1. Georgia Amendment 23, Creation of Courts for Large Cities Measure (1968) Approved
  2. South Dakota Amendment C, Powers of Retired Judges Measure (1968) Defeated

1967

  1. Maine Proposed Constitutional Amendment 4, Repeal of Constitutional Status for Judges and Registers of Probate Measure (1967) Approved

1966

  1. Florida Amendment 10, Justice of the Peace District Boundaries in Orange County Amendment (1966) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 7, County Judges Amendment (1966) Approved
  3. Florida Amendment 9, Judicial Offices of Hillsborough County Amendment (1966) Approved
  4. Maryland Create Intermediate Courts of Appeal, Amendment 7 (1966) Approved
  5. Maryland Judges of the Second Judicial Circuit, Amendment 12 (1966) Approved
  6. New York Amendment 10, Retired Judges to Serve on Court of Appeals Amendment (1966) Defeated
  7. New York Amendment 11, Allowing Retired Appellate Court Judges to Become Temporary Judges Amendment (1966) Approved
  8. South Dakota Amendment C, County Court System Measure (1966) Approved

1965

  1. Alabama District Attorney, Amendment 5 (1965) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 1, Appellate Districts Amendment (1965) Approved
  3. Florida Amendment 2, Additional Lake County County Judge Amendment (1965) Approved
  4. Florida Amendment 3, Palm Beach County Clerk of Court Amendment (1965) Approved

1964

  1. Florida Amendment 10, Number of Judicial Circuits Amendment (1964) Approved
  2. Maryland Orphans' Court Judge Rotation, Amendment 2 (1964) Approved

1962

  1. Florida Amendment 5, Prosecuting Attorney for Duval County Amendment (1962) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 6, Number of Circuit Court Judges Amendment (1962) Defeated
  3. Idaho Eliminate Probate Courts, HJR 10 (1962) Approved
  4. Maryland Municipal Court of Baltimore, Amendment 9 (1962) Approved
  5. Montana Establishment of Inferior Courts, Amendment 2 (1962) Defeated

1960

  1. Florida Amendment 1, District Courts of Appeal Amendment (1960) Approved
  2. Maryland Circuit Court Judges, Amendment 11 (1960) Approved
  3. Maryland Judges in Prince George's County, Amendment 8 (1960) Approved
  4. Maryland Membership of the Court of Appeals, Amendment 12 (1960) Approved
  5. Maryland Municipal Court in Baltimore, Amendment 4 (1960) Approved
  6. Nebraska Amendment 6, Judicial Districts and Elections Amendment (1960) Approved

1958

  1. Florida Amendment 2, Hillsborough County Solicitor Amendment (1958) Approved
  2. Georgia Amendment 8, Judges Emeritus Amendment (1958) Approved
  3. Nebraska Amendment 6, Juvenile Court Amendment (1958) Approved

1956

  1. Florida Amendment 1, Revision of the Court System Amendment (1956) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 6, Additional Judge for Duval County Criminal Court of Record Amendment (1956) Approved
  3. Georgia Amendment 3, Creation of Traffic Courts Amendment (1956) Approved
  4. Minnesota Reorganization of Judicial Power, Amendment 1 (1956) Approved

1954

  1. Florida Amendment 3, Additional County Judges Amendment (1954) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 7, Escambia County Court System Amendment (1954) Approved

1952

  1. Florida Amendment 10, Escambia County Court System Amendment (1952) Defeated
  2. Florida Amendment 2, State Judiciary Amendment (1952) Defeated
  3. Florida Amendment 4, Additional Circuit Judges for the Second Judicial Circuit Amendment (1952) Defeated
  4. Florida Amendment 8, Dade County Solicitor Amendment (1952) Defeated
  5. Georgia Amendment 37, Authorization of Pro Hac Vice Judges Measure (1952) Approved

1950

  1. Florida Amendment 4, Sixteenth Judicial Circuit Amendment (1950) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 5, Additional County Judges Amendment (1950) Approved

1948

  1. Florida Amendment 11, Judge of the Court of Record of Escambia County Amendment (1948) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 6, Retired State Court Justices and Circuit Judges Amendment (1948) Approved

1946

  1. Florida Amendment 6, Judge of the Court of Record and County Solicitor for Escambia County Amendment (1946) Defeated

1944

  1. Florida Amendment 3, Justice of Peace Districts Amendment (1944) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 4, Elective Judicial Positions Amendment (1944) Approved
  3. Maryland Assignment by the Court of Appeals, Amendment 3 (1944) Approved
  4. Maryland Court of Appeals Judges, Amendment 2 (1944) Approved
  5. Utah Amendment 1, Create a Selection System for State Judges Measure (1944) Approved

1943

  1. Georgia Amendment 13, Disposition of Supreme Court and Court of Appeals Cases Measure (August 1943) Approved
  2. Georgia Amendment 28, Glynn County Reorganization of Justice Courts Measure (August 1943) Approved

1942

  1. Florida Amendment 4, Election of Circuit Judges Amendment (1942) Approved
  2. Maryland Juvenile Court, Amendment 6 (1942) Defeated
  3. South Dakota Amendment E, Supreme Court Judge Salaries Measure (1942) Defeated

1940

  1. Arkansas County Court Action, Referred Act No. 314 (1940) Approved
  2. Florida State Supreme Court Amendment (1940) Approved
  3. Maryland Additional Judge for the Seventh Judicial Circuit, Amendment 6 (1940) Approved
  4. Maryland Establishment of People's Courts, Amendment 2 (1940) Approved

1938

  1. Arkansas Chancery and Probate Matters, Proposed Amendment 24 (1938) Approved
  2. Maryland Additional Judge in the 2nd Judicial Circuit, Amendment 2 (1938) Approved

1936

  1. Maryland Additional Judge for the 6th Judicial Circuit, Amendment 1 (1936) Approved
  2. North Carolina Number of Supreme Court Justices Amendment (1936) Approved

1934

  1. Florida Amendment 1, Judicial Circuit Amendment (1934) Approved

1932

  1. Florida State Supreme Court Amendment (1932) Defeated
  2. Georgia Amendment 7, Abolition of Justice Courts in Richmond County Measure (1932) Approved
  3. North Dakota Reducing District Court Judge Salary Initiative (1932) Approved
  4. North Dakota Reducing Supreme Court Judge Salary Initiative (1932) Approved

1930

  1. Minnesota Replace Court Commissioners, Amendment 1 (1930) Approved

1928

  1. Georgia Amendment 7, County Courts Measure (1928) Approved

1926

  1. Florida State Supreme Court Chief Justice Amendment (1926) Approved
  2. Minnesota Number of Supreme Court Justices, Amendment 1 (1926) Defeated

1924

  1. Missouri Amendment 1, Supreme Court Salaries and Procedures Measure (1924) Defeated
  2. Missouri Amendment 7, Judicial Council and Court Reorganization Measure (February 1924) Defeated
  3. South Dakota Referred Law 1, Unorganized County and Records Referendum (1924) Defeated
  4. South Dakota Referred Law 2, Nonpolitical Judicial Elections Referendum (1924) Defeated

1922

  1. Florida Additional Circuit Court Judges Amendment (1922) Approved
  2. Missouri Proposition 10, Restructuring of Judicial Circuits Referendum (1922) Defeated
  3. Missouri Proposition 13, Abolishing Justices of the Peace in Certain Cities Referendum (1922) Defeated
  4. Missouri Proposition 14, Laws Governing Local Justices of the Peace and Constables Referendum (1922) Defeated

1921

  1. North Dakota County Officials Referendum (1921) Defeated

1920

  1. Colorado Measure 9, County Judges Terms and Salaries Amendment (1920) Defeated
  2. Idaho Increase Supreme Court Membership, HJR 6 (1920) Approved
  3. Missouri Amendment 10, Supreme Court Expansion and Division Measure (1920) Defeated
  4. Missouri Amendment 12, Increase St. Louis Court of Appeals Judges and Create Two Divisions Measure (1920) Defeated
  5. Nebraska Amendment 15, Organization of State Courts Amendment (September 1920) Approved

1919

  1. North Dakota Judicial Districts Referendum (1919) Approved

1918

  1. North Dakota Supreme Court Requirements to Declare Laws Unconstitutional Referendum (1918) Approved

1916

  1. Minnesota Number of Supreme Court Justices, Amendment 4 (1916) Defeated
  2. North Carolina Amendment 2, Emergency Judges Amendment (1916) Approved

1914

  1. Florida Court System Amendment (1914) Approved
  2. Idaho Increase Supreme Court to Five Justices, HJR 3 (1914) Defeated
  3. Minnesota Number of Supreme Court Justices, Amendment 2 (1914) Defeated
  4. North Carolina Amendment 5, Emergency Judges Amendment (1914) Defeated
  5. South Dakota Amendment 7, Supreme Court Judges Disqualification Measure (1914) Defeated

1913

  1. Maryland Amend Section 21 of Article 4 of the Constitution, Amendment 3 (1913) Approved

1912

  1. Colorado Juvenile Courts in Cities and Counties, Measure 16 (1912) Approved
  2. Colorado Measure 13, Public Utilities Court Initiative (1912) Defeated
  3. Florida Extra Judge for Duval County Amendment (1912) Approved

1910

  1. Florida Escambia County Court of Record Amendment (1910) Approved
  2. Florida Establishment of Courts Amendment (1910) Approved

1908

  1. Florida Additional Judicial Circuits Amendment (1908) Defeated
  2. Idaho Abolish Probate Court, HJR 3 (1908) Approved
  3. Missouri Amendment 4, Expansion of Supreme Court Measure (1908) Defeated
  4. Nebraska Amendment 1, Term Limits and Salaries of Judges Measure (1908) Approved
  5. North Dakota Supreme Court Judge Increase Referendum (1908) Approved

1906

  1. Florida Court of Record in Escambia County Amendment (1906) Defeated
  2. Florida Criminal Courts of Record Judicial Salaries Amendment (1906) Defeated
  3. Florida Salaries of Judicial Officers Amendment (1906) Defeated
  4. South Dakota Municipal Courts in Larger Cities Amendment (1906) Approved

1904

  1. Colorado Measure 1, Courts Consolidation Amendment (1904) Approved
  2. Colorado Measure 2, Courts Consolidation Amendment (1904) Approved
  3. Colorado Measure 3, Courts Consolidation Amendment (1904) Approved
  4. Colorado Measure 4, Courts Consolidation Amendment (1904) Approved
  5. Florida County Court Systems Amendment (1904) Defeated
  6. Florida State Judicial System Amendment (1904) Defeated
  7. Florida Supreme Court Decisions Amendment (1904) Defeated

1902

  1. Florida Changes to State Supreme Court Amendment (1902) Approved
  2. Florida Judicial Circuits Amendment (1902) Approved

1900

  1. Montana Use of District Court Judges, Amendment 1 (1900) Approved

1899

  1. Michigan Establish Intermediate Appellate Court Amendment (April 1899) Defeated

1898

  1. Florida Establishment of Courts Amendment (1898) Approved
  2. Montana Use of District Court Judges, Amendment 2 (1898) Approved

1896

  1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Supreme Court Structure and Term Length Measure (1896) Defeated
  2. Nebraska Amendment 4, Judicial Power Measure (1896) Defeated
  3. Nebraska Amendment 5, Authority to Increase Number of Judges Measure (1896) Defeated

1894

  1. Idaho Separation of the Offices of Probate Judges and County Superintendents of Public Instruction Amendment, HJR 3 and HJR 4 (1894) Approved

1892

  1. North Carolina Statewide Election for Judicial District Solicitors Amendment (1892) Approved

1890

  1. Nebraska Amendment 3, Increase Size of Supreme Court Measure (1890) Defeated

1883

  1. Ohio Court Organization, Amendment 1 (October 1883) Approved

1881

  1. Michigan Allow the Supreme Court to Appoint Clerk Amendment (April 1881) Approved
  2. Michigan Wayne County Circuit Judges Amendment (April 1881) Approved

1879

  1. Ohio District Court Organization, Amendment 1 (October 1879) Defeated

1877

  1. Ohio Court System Reorganization, Amendment 1 (October 1877) Defeated

1876

  1. Minnesota District Judges on the Supreme Bench, Amendment 3 (1876) Approved
  2. North Carolina State Constitution Revisions Amendment (1876) Approved

1875

  1. Minnesota Number of Judges, Amendment 1 (1875) Approved
  2. Ohio Supreme Court Case Backlog, Amendment 1 (October 1875) Approved

1874

  1. Ohio Representation in Courts, Amendment 2 (August 1874) Defeated

1857

  1. Ohio District Courts, Amendment 2 (October 1857) Defeated

See also

Footnotes

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