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State legislative elections, 2028

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2028 elections
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In the 50 states, there are 99 state legislative chambers altogether. Across 44 states, 85 of those chambers are holding regular legislative elections in 2028. The general election for state legislative races is on November 7, 2028.

States will also hold special state legislative elections in 2028 to fill vacant seats.

In the U.S. Territories, seven legislative chambers are holding regularly scheduled elections in 2028. Elections will be held for the American Samoa House of Representatives, the Guam Legislature, the Puerto Rico Senate and House of Representatives, the Northern Mariana Islands Senate and House of Representatives, and the U.S. Virgin Islands Legislature.

Explore Ballotpedia's coverage of these elections:
  • Partisan balance
    The partisan balance of state legislatures
    Read more
  • On the ballot
    A list of elections on the ballot
    Read more
  • Pre-election analysis
    Analysis published before the election
    Read more


Partisan balance

As of September 5th, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.48% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.68%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.

Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber Democratic Party Republican Party Grey.png Other Vacant
State senates 834 1,121 5 13
State houses 2,392 2,977 20 24
Total: 3,226

4,098

25

37


On the ballot

Click the tabs below to view information about the elections this year. In this section, you will find:

  • A list of states holding elections
  • Ballotpedia's Sample Ballot Lookup Tool

The table below highlights each state holding legislative elections in 2028. To learn more about elections in a particular chamber, click the link in the chamber column.

State legislative elections, 2028
StateChamberRepublicanDemocraticOtherVacanciesTotal
AlaskaHouse21145040
AlaskaSenate550010
ArizonaHouse33270060
ArizonaSenate17130030
ArkansasHouse811900100
ArkansasSenate1520118
CaliforniaHouse19600180
CaliforniaSenate4160020
ColoradoHouse21430165
ColoradoSenate6120018
ConnecticutHouse4910200151
ConnecticutSenate11250036
DelawareHouse14270041
DelawareSenate370010
FloridaHouse873201120
FloridaSenate1351120
GeorgiaHouse1008000180
GeorgiaSenate32230156
HawaiiHouse9420051
HawaiiSenate2100012
IdahoHouse6190070
IdahoSenate2960035
IllinoisHouse407800118
IllinoisSenate8310039
IndianaHouse703000100
IndianaSenate1870025
IowaHouse673300100
IowaSenate1960025
KansasHouse873701125
KansasSenate3190040
KentuckyHouse802000100
KentuckySenate1450019
MaineHouse737620151
MaineSenate15200035
MassachusettsHouse2513410160
MassachusettsSenate5350040
MichiganHouse585200110
MinnesotaHouse676601134
MissouriHouse1085203163
MissouriSenate1070017
MontanaHouse584200100
MontanaSenate1690025
NebraskaSenate1681025
NevadaHouse15270042
NevadaSenate460010
New HampshireHouse21917713400
New HampshireSenate1680024
New MexicoHouse26440070
New MexicoSenate16260042
New YorkHouse4710201150
New YorkSenate22410063
North CarolinaHouse714900120
North CarolinaSenate30200050
North DakotaHouse4230146
North DakotaSenate2120023
OhioHouse65330199
OhioSenate1330016
OklahomaHouse812000101
OklahomaSenate2220024
OregonHouse24360060
OregonSenate870015
PennsylvaniaHouse10110200203
PennsylvaniaSenate15100025
Rhode IslandHouse10641075
Rhode IslandSenate4340038
South CarolinaHouse863602124
South CarolinaSenate33120146
South DakotaHouse6360170
South DakotaSenate3230035
TennesseeHouse75240099
TennesseeSenate1420016
TexasHouse886200150
TexasSenate870015
UtahHouse61140075
UtahSenate1031014
VermontHouse568671150
VermontSenate13161030
WashingtonHouse39590098
WashingtonSenate12130025
West VirginiaHouse91900100
West VirginiaSenate3220034
WisconsinHouse54450099
WisconsinSenate6100016
WyomingHouse5660062
WyomingSenate1320015


Pre-election analysis

Click the tabs below to view detailed analysis from before the election. In this section, you will find:

  • Historical data related to competitiveness
  • Information about state government trifectas
  • Chambers that changed partisan control from 2010 to 2024
  • Trifecta status from 2010 to 2024


See also: Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 14, 2024

Ballotpedia began examining the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country in 2010. Three factors are used in this analysis: seats where the incumbent did not run for re-election, incumbents who ran in contested primaries, and seats contested by both major parties.

The following table details competitiveness data collected from regularly scheduled state legislative elections between 2010 and 2023. Odd-year elections are shown grouped together first followed by even-year elections.

Competitiveness in state legislative elections (2010-2023)
Year Total seats Open seats No major party competition Incs. running Incs. in contested primaries
# % # % # %
Odd-year elections
2023 578 138 23.9% 319 55.2% 443 115 26.0%
2021 220 13 5.9% 9 4.1% 137 24 17.5%
2019 538 105 19.5% 301 55.9% 433 125 28.9%
2017 220 20 9.1% 45 20.5% 200 32 16.0%
2015 538 79 14.7% 332 61.7% 460 107 23.3%
2013 220 15 6.8% 61 27.7% 205 24 11.7%
2011 578 98 17.0% 312 54.0% 485 104 21.4%
Even-year elections
2022 6,278 1,492 23.8% 2,560 40.8% 4,852 1,299 26.8%
2020 5,875 876 14.9% 2,044 34.8% 4,999 1,006 20.1%
2018 6,065 1,194 19.7% 2,045 33.7% 4,874 1,082 22.2%
2016 5,916 1,032 17.4% 2,508 42.4% 4,887 985 20.2%
2014 6,051 1,019 16.8% 2,663 44.0% 5,041 983 19.5%
2012 6,013 1,314 21.9% 2,384 39.6% 4,790 1,117 23.3%
2010 6,127 1,143 18.7% 2,142 35.0% 4,984 995 20.0%

Election coverage by office

Click the tiles below to navigate to 2028 election coverage:
  • U.S. Senate
    U.S. Senate
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  • U.S. House
    U.S. House
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  • Governors
    Governors
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  • Secretary of state
    Secretary of state
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  • Attorney general
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  • Other state executives
    Other state executives
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  • State legislatures
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  • State ballot measures
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  • Local ballot measures
    Local ballot measures
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  • State judges
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  • Local judges
    Local judges
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  • Municipal government
    Municipal government
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  • School boards
    School boards
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  • Recalls
    Recalls
    Read more

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The Washington Post, "Virginia Republicans snatched control of the state Senate, ended budget-Medicaid impasse," June 9, 2014
  2. ↑ 2015 and 2013 are not included because no chambers changed those years.
  3. ↑ Chamber went from a Democratic majority to a 67-67 tie.
  4. ↑ Chamber went from a Republican majority to a bipartisan governing coalition.
  5. ↑ Democrats won a majority of seats, but did not have a majority when the legislative session began due to vacancies created during the interim.
  6. ↑ Chamber went from being controlled by a Democratic-led bipartisan coalition to being led by a coalition with power split between the parties.
  7. ↑ In this election, the Oregon House changed from a 30-30 tie to a 34-26 Democratic advantage.
  8. ↑ The chamber first changed from Democratic to Republican control in a February 2011 special election. Republicans increased their majority to 24-15 in the 2011 elections.
  9. ↑ The chamber changed partisan control prior to the 2011 elections due to Democrats switching to the Republican Party and special election wins by Republicans. Republicans increased their majority in the 2011 elections to 31-21.
  10. ↑ In the 2011 elections, the chamber changed from a 22-18 Democratic advantage to a 20-20 tie. Republicans effectively controlled the chamber because Lieutenant Gov. Bill Bolling (R) could cast tie-breaking votes.
  11. ↑ This chamber did not hold elections in 2010. It switched partisan control in December 2010 when Democrat Noble Ellington changed his party affiliation to Republican. In the regularly-scheduled 2011 elections, Republicans increased their majority to 58-45.
  12. ↑ This chamber went from a 50-50 tie to a 68-32 Republican advantage in the 2010 elections.
  13. ↑ This chamber went from a 36-24 Democratic advantage to a 30-30 tie in the 2010 elections.
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