State legislative special elections, 2019

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In 2019, 77 state legislative special elections were held in 24 states. Between 2011 and 2018, an average of 77 special elections took place each year.

See the sections below for additional information on state legislative special elections in 2019.

  1. Causes and partisan control data: This section provides information on why special elections are held and the impact of special elections on the partisan composition of state legislatures.
  2. Noteworthy special elections: This section provides information on special elections covered in additional detail by Ballotpedia because they had the potential to impact a chamber's partisan control or they received attention from outside groups.
  3. Special elections by date: This section lists all special elections held in 2019 in the order they were held.
  4. Vacancies: This section provides information about vacancies across state legislatures in 2019.
  5. Seats that changed party control: This section lists the seats where a candidate of a party other than the previous incumbent's party won the special election.
  6. Historical data: This section contains data on special elections going back to 2010.

To read about the regularly-scheduled state legislative elections that took place across the country in 2019, click here.

Causes and partisan control data

In 2019, special elections for state legislative positions were held for the following reasons:

  • 47 due to appointment, election, or the seeking of election to another position
  • 21 due to a retirement
  • 6 due to the death of the incumbent
  • 1 due to a resignation related to criminal charges
  • 2 due to an election being rerun

Impact of special elections on partisan composition

The partisan breakdown for the special elections was as follows:

As of December 3, 2019, Republicans controlled 52.2 percent of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 46.8 percent. Republicans held a majority in 61 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 37 chambers. One chamber (Alaska House) was sharing power between two parties.[1]

Partisan balance of all 7,383 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber Democratic Party Republican Party Other[2]
State senates 878 1,081 13
State houses 2,579 2,775 57
Total: 3,457 3,856 70

Noteworthy special elections

Virginia State Senate District 33

See also: Virginia State Senate District 33 special election, 2019 and Virginia state legislative special elections, 2019

A special election for District 33 of the Virginia State Senate was held on January 8, 2019. A firehouse primary election administered by each political party was held on November 17, 2018.

The seat became vacant after Jennifer Wexton (D) won election to Virginia's 10th Congressional District. She resigned from the state House on January 8.

General election
Special general election for Virginia State Senate District 33

Jennifer Boysko defeated Joe T. May in the special general election for Virginia State Senate District 33 on January 8, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Jennifer_Boysko.jpg

Jennifer Boysko (D)
 
69.8
 
14,779

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Joe_May.jpg

Joe T. May (R)
 
30.1
 
6,377
  Other/Write-in votes
 
0.1
 
 27

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 21,183


Minnesota State Senate District 11

See also: Minnesota State Senate District 11 special election, 2019 and Minnesota state legislative special elections, 2019

A special election for District 11 of the Minnesota State Senate was held on February 5, 2019. A primary took place on January 22, 2019. The filing deadline for candidates was January 8, 2019.[3]

The special election was called after Representative Tony Lourey (DFL) resigned in January 2019 after Governor Tim Walz (D) appointed Lourey to serve as human services commissioner.[4]

General election
Special general election for Minnesota State Senate District 11

Jason Rarick defeated Stu Lourey, John Birrenbach, and Michelle Lee in the special general election for Minnesota State Senate District 11 on February 5, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Jason_Rarick.jpg

Jason Rarick (R)
 
52.0
 
8,127

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Stu_Lourey.jpg

Stu Lourey (D)
 
45.9
 
7,171

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/John-Birrenbach-05.jpg

John Birrenbach (Legal Marijuana Now Party)
 
1.9
 
298
  Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
 27

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 15,623
Democratic election
Special Democratic primary for Minnesota State Senate District 11

Stu Lourey defeated Michelle Lee in the special Democratic primary for Minnesota State Senate District 11 on January 22, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Stu_Lourey.jpg

Stu Lourey
 
53.2
 
1,933

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/MichelleLee-min.jpg

Michelle Lee
 
46.8
 
1,698

There were no incumbents in this race. Source

Total votes: 3,631
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Republican election
Special Republican primary for Minnesota State Senate District 11

Jason Rarick advanced from the special Republican primary for Minnesota State Senate District 11 on January 22, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Jason_Rarick.jpg

Jason Rarick
 
100.0
 
689

There were no incumbents in this race. Source

Total votes: 689
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Legal Marijuana Now Party election
Special Legal Marijuana Now Party primary for Minnesota State Senate District 11

John Birrenbach advanced from the special Legal Marijuana Now Party primary for Minnesota State Senate District 11 on January 22, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/John-Birrenbach-05.jpg

John Birrenbach
 
100.0
 
69

There were no incumbents in this race. Source

Total votes: 69
(100.00% precincts reporting)


Iowa State Senate District 30

See also: Iowa State Senate District 30 special election, 2019 and Iowa State Senate District 30 special election, 2019

Cedar Falls School Board member Eric Giddens (D) defeated former state Rep. Walt Rogers (R) in a special election on March 19, 2019, for the District 30 seat in the Iowa State Senate. Giddens received 57 percent of the vote, while Rogers received 42 percent of the vote. The seat became vacant after Jeff Danielson (D) resigned on February 14, 2019. In the announcement of his resignation, Danielson said, "I’m closing two wonderful chapters in my life, 25 years as a firefighter and 15 years as a state senator, and I’m opening a new exciting chapter for which we’ll be able to share at a later date.”[5] Candidates in this race were chosen by party conventions rather than through primary elections.

The appearance of current and potential 2020 Democratic presidential candidates in the district helped this race garner national attention. To read more about the involvement of national politicians, click here. The district voted Democratic in the past two presidential elections. In 2012, Obama won the district by 7.4 percent. In 2016, Clinton won the district by 3.5 percent.

Heading into the election, Republicans held a 32-17 majority in the Iowa State Senate. A party needs 34 votes in the Senate in order to override a gubernatorial veto, so the outcome of this election did not impact either partisan control or vetoproof supermajority status.

General election
Special general election for Iowa State Senate District 30

Eric Giddens defeated Walt Rogers and Fred Perryman in the special general election for Iowa State Senate District 30 on March 19, 2019.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Eric-Giddens.jpg

Eric Giddens (D)
 
56.8
 
7,611

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Walt_Rogers.jpg

Walt Rogers (R)
 
42.1
 
5,635

Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/222E3F4E-9919-4819-BF87-9690B84B57A3.jpeg

Fred Perryman (L)
 
1.1
 
143

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 13,389


Special elections by date

Vacancies

Partisan breakdown of vacancies

See also: State legislative vacancies, 2019

In 2019, there were 177 state legislative vacancies created across 45 states. Of those vacancies, 172 have been filled.

The process for filling vacancies varies among the state legislatures. Twenty-five states fill vacancies in their state legislature through special elections. Twenty-two states fill vacancies through appointments, and three states fill vacancies through a hybrid system that uses both appointments and special elections. The most common reasons for a state legislative vacancy include officeholders resigning, dying, leaving for a new job, being elected or appointed to a different office, or receiving a legal conviction.

The table below details the partisan breakdown for state legislative vacancies in 2019. The number on the left reflects how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the number on the right shows how many vacant seats each party held after the special elections and appointments took place.

Partisan breakdown of the vacancies (2019)
Party As of vacancy After vacancy
     Democratic Party
77
75
     Republican Party
99
95
     Independent
1
2
Total 177 172


Seats that changed party control

The table below details how many seats changed parties as the result of a special election in 2019. The number on the left reflects how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the number on the right shows how many vacant seats each party won in the special elections. In elections between 2011 and 2018, either the Democratic Party or Republican Party saw an average net gain of four seats across the country. Between 2017 and 2018, Democrats had a net gain of 19 seats.

Note: This table reflects information for elections that were held and not the total number of vacant seats.

Partisan Change from Special Elections (2019)
Party As of Special Election After Special Election
     Democratic Party 39 36
     Republican Party 38 40
     Independent 0 1
Total 77 77

Flipped seats

In 2019, eight seats flipped as a result of state legislative special elections.

Seats flipped from D to R

Seats flipped from R to D

Seats flipped from R to I


Historical data

State breakdown by year

The table below details how many state legislative special elections were held in a state in a given year. From 2010 to 2019, Georgia held the most state legislative special elections with 63. Pennsylvania held the second-most special elections with 43.

Partisan breakdown by year

The average special elections per even year between 2011 and 2018 (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018) was 63, while the average per odd year was 91. The most special elections in a single year during that same time frame was 99, which happened in 2018.

The table below details how many state legislative seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2011 and 2019. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

State legislative special election vacancies and results, 2011-2019
Year Total elections held Vacancies before elections Seats held after elections Net change
Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans Third party Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans Third party
2019 77 39 38 0 36 40 1 -3 D, +2 R, +1 I
2018 99 42 57 0 50 49 0 +8 D, -8 R
2017 98 45 53 0 56 42 0 +11 D, -11 R
2016* 66 38 28 0 39 25 2 +1 D, -3 R
2015* 88 41 46 1 38 49 1 -3 D, +3 R
2014 40 22 18 0 19 21 0 -3 D, +3 R
2013 84 51 33 0 48 36 0 -3 D, +3 R
2012 46 23 23 0 25 21 0 +2 D, -2 R
2011* 94 48 45 1 47 47 1 -1 D, +2 R
Averages 77 39 38 N/A 40 37 N/A N/A
*Please see the year-specific pages for information regarding third party candidates.

Seats that changed partisan control by year

See also: State legislative special election changes in party control since 2010

Current as of January 1, 2020 (updated annually)
Since 2010, 97 state legislative seats have switched partisan control, or flipped, in special elections. The chart below shows the number of special elections that resulted in partisan changes in each year:

Flipped seats in state legislative special elections
Year Total special elections Total flips Democratic flips Republican flips Other flips
2019 77 8 2 5 1
2018 99 16 12 4 0
2017 98 17 14 3 0
2016 66 10 7 1 2
2015 88 15 5 8 2
2014 40 6 2 4 0
2013 84 7 1 6 0
2012 46 7 5 2 0
2011 95 11 4 6 1
2010 30 0 0 0 0
Total 723 97 52 39 6


Days between vacancies and elections by year

The following table tracks the gap between when state legislative vacancies occurred and special elections were held from 2012 through October 15, 2020:

Analysis of state elections, 2019

See also: Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2019


In 2019, eight states held elections for executive, legislative, or judicial seats, including elections for seven of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers and for three gubernatorial seats.

All state elections:
2019 election analysis: State government trifectas
Trifecta vulnerability in the 2019 elections
2019 primary election competitiveness in state government
State executive elections:
State executive official elections, 2019
Gubernatorial elections, 2019
Secretary of State elections, 2019
Attorney General elections, 2019
2019 election analysis: State government triplexes
State executive official elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate, 2019
List of candidates in state executive elections, 2019
State legislative elections:
State legislative elections, 2019
State legislative special elections, 2019
Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 9, 2019
State legislative elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate, 2019
Open seats in the 2019 state legislative elections
Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2019
2019 primary election competitiveness in state and federal government
Incumbents defeated in 2019's state legislative elections
List of candidates in state legislative elections, 2019
Other state elections:
State judicial elections, 2019
2019 ballot measures


See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Nebraska is officially nonpartisan but was held by a Republican majority. For more information on how Ballotpedia determined the partisan affiliation for Nebraska senators, please click here.
  2. ↑ This tally includes third party incumbents and vacancies.
  3. ↑ Minnesota Executive Department, "Writ of Special Election," accessed January 4, 2019
  4. ↑ WDIO, "Special Election Set for Senate Seat, 3rd-Generation Lourey Enters Race," January 3, 2019
  5. ↑ The Courier, "Sen. Jeff Danielson resigns for new, undisclosed job," February 16, 2019
  6. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "CALL FOR SPECIAL ELECTION FOR STATE REPRESENTATIVE, DISTRICT 5," accessed December 11, 2018
  7. ↑ Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "The Jolt: John Meadows, chairman of House Rules, dies on eve of special session," November 13, 2018
  8. ↑ Minnesota Executive Department, "Writ of Special Election," accessed January 4, 2019
  9. ↑ WDIO, "Special Election Set for Senate Seat, 3rd-Generation Lourey Enters Race," January 3, 2019
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 FITSNews, "Special Election Set For Greenville SC Senate Seat," November 12, 2018
  11. ↑ Tennessee Secretary of State, "Key Dates for Tennessee Senate District 32 Special Primary and General Elections," accessed December 12, 2018
  12. ↑ Congress.gov, "PN1419 — Mark Saalfield Norris Sr. — The Judiciary," accessed October 14, 2018
  13. ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Sets Special Election For Texas House District 79," December 21, 2018
  14. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "2019 Special Election House District 79 Election Night Returns," accessed January 29, 2019
  15. ↑ The Texas Tribune, "State Rep. Joe Pickett to resign from Texas House after nearly 24 years in office," December 15, 2018
  16. ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Sets Special Election For Texas House District 145," December 21, 2018
  17. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "2019 Special Election House District 145 Election Night Returns," accessed January 29, 2019
  18. ↑ Houston Chronicle, "Morales, Noriega head to runoff in House District 145 special election," January 29, 2019
  19. ↑ The Texas Tribune, "Special election runoff to replace Carol Alvarado in Texas House to be held March 5," February 12, 2019
  20. ↑ Minnesota Executive Department, "Writ of Special Election," accessed January 4, 2019
  21. ↑ WDIO, "Special Election Set for Senate Seat, 3rd-Generation Lourey Enters Race," January 3, 2019
  22. ↑ Providence Journal, "Bristol Democrat Ascencao formally gives up House seat," December 10, 2018
  23. ↑ WPRI, "Rep.-elect apologizes for faking campaign invoice," December 4, 2018
  24. ↑ Providence Journal, "East Bay state Rep.-elect Ascencao won’t take seat," December 5, 2018
  25. ↑ Providence Journal, "Incumbent, who did not seek reelection, will remain in East Bay House seat until special election," December 13, 2018
  26. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "CALL FOR SPECIAL ELECTION FOR STATE REPRESENTATIVE, DISTRICT 176," accessed January 8, 2019
  27. ↑ Governor Nathan Deal, Office of the Governor, "Deal to appoint Shaw to Public Service Commission," November 20, 2018
  28. ↑ San Antonio Current, "Gov. Abbott Sets Special Election to Replace San Antonio State Rep. Justin Rodriguez," January 7, 2019
  29. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "Special Runoff Election House District No. 125 Proclamation," accessed February 28, 2019
  30. ↑ South Carolina State Election Commission, "State House of Representatives District 14 Special Election," accessed January 8, 2019
  31. ↑ WSPA.com, "Upstate lawmaker announces retirement," December 10, 2018
  32. ↑ Virginia Department of Elections, "2019 February 19 Special," accessed February 19, 2019
  33. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  34. ↑ News Star, "Rep. Shadoin to resign House seat," September 26, 2018
  35. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  36. ↑ News Star, "Hunter wins 4th Judicial District Judge seat," November 6, 2018
  37. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  38. ↑ The Advocate, "Kenny Havard starts his new job as West Feliciana Parish president Monday," December 5, 2018
  39. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  40. ↑ KALB, "Inauguration Day for Jeff Hall as Mayor of Alexandria," December 3, 2018
  41. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  42. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  43. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  44. ↑ The Advocate, "Kenny Havard starts his new job as West Feliciana Parish president Monday," December 5, 2018
  45. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "State Representative 62nd Representative District Election 02/23/2019," accessed February 21, 2019
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 46.6 NBC, "Governor Sets Feb. 26 for Special Elections In 5 Districts," January 11, 2019
  47. ↑ CT Mirror, "Special elections set for Feb. 26 in five districts," January 11, 2019
  48. ↑ CT Mirror, "Special elections set for Feb. 26 in five districts," January 11, 2019
  49. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "Lamont hiring three senators, two House members," January 7, 2019
  50. ↑ The State, "Special election for Kentucky Senate seat set for March 5th," January 8, 2018
  51. ↑ WTVQ, "Special election date set to fill vacant state senate seat," January 8, 2019
  52. ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "House District 11B Special Election," accessed February 20, 2019
  53. ↑ WDIO, "4 Withdraw from 11B House Race Following GOP Endorsement," February 21, 2019
  54. ↑ Providence Journal, "Bristol Democrat Ascencao formally gives up House seat," December 10, 2018
  55. ↑ WPRI, "Rep.-elect apologizes for faking campaign invoice," December 4, 2018
  56. ↑ Providence Journal, "East Bay state Rep.-elect Ascencao won’t take seat," December 5, 2018
  57. ↑ Providence Journal, "Incumbent, who did not seek reelection, will remain in East Bay House seat until special election," December 13, 2018
  58. ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Sets Special Election For Texas House District 145," December 21, 2018
  59. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "2019 Special Election House District 145 Election Night Returns," accessed January 29, 2019
  60. ↑ Houston Chronicle, "Morales, Noriega head to runoff in House District 145 special election," January 29, 2019
  61. ↑ The Texas Tribune, "Special election runoff to replace Carol Alvarado in Texas House to be held March 5," February 12, 2019
  62. ↑ Tennessee Secretary of State, "Key Dates for Tennessee Senate District 22 Special Primary and General Elections," accessed January 24, 2019
  63. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "CALL FOR SPECIAL ELECTION FOR STATE REPRESENTATIVE, DISTRICT 176," accessed January 8, 2019
  64. ↑ Governor Nathan Deal, Office of the Governor, "Deal to appoint Shaw to Public Service Commission," November 20, 2018
  65. ↑ Bangor Daily News, "Bangor, Orono voters will choose their new state rep. March 12, " January 3, 2019
  66. ↑ Central Maine, "Democrats assume control of Maine Legislature, select leaders and top state officers," December 6, 2018
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 67.4 67.5 67.6 67.7 Clarion Ledger, "March 12 set for special elections to replace 3 House members," January 8, 2019
  68. ↑ Greenwood Commonwealth, "Candidate disqualified from special election," January 25, 2019
  69. ↑ PA State Rep. Mike Turzai, "Speaker Announces March 12 Special Elections for the 114th and 190th Legislative Districts in Lackawanna, Philadelphia Counties," January 2, 2019
  70. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of State, "UNOFFICIAL LIST OF CANDIDATES: SPECIAL ELECTION REPRESENTATIVE IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY," accessed January 25, 2019
  71. ↑ WNEP.com, "Hundreds Attend Viewing for Rep. Sid Michaels Kavulich," October 21, 2018
  72. ↑ PA State Rep. Mike Turzai, "Speaker Announces March 12 Special Elections for the 114th and 190th Legislative Districts in Lackawanna, Philadelphia Counties," January 2, 2019
  73. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of State, "UNOFFICIAL LIST OF CANDIDATES: SPECIAL ELECTION REPRESENTATIVE IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY," accessed January 25, 2019
  74. ↑ The Philadelphia Tribune, "State Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown resigns 'under protest,'" December 11, 2018
  75. ↑ The Philadelphia Tribune, "State Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown convicted of bribery," October 31, 2018
  76. ↑ Tennessee Secretary of State, "Key Dates for Tennessee Senate District 32 Special Primary and General Elections," accessed December 12, 2018
  77. ↑ Congress.gov, "PN1419 — Mark Saalfield Norris Sr. — The Judiciary," accessed October 14, 2018
  78. ↑ San Antonio Current, "Gov. Abbott Sets Special Election to Replace San Antonio State Rep. Justin Rodriguez," January 7, 2019
  79. ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "Special Runoff Election House District No. 125 Proclamation," accessed February 28, 2019
  80. ↑ The Courier, "Sen. Jeff Danielson resigns for new, undisclosed job," February 16, 2019
  81. ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "House District 11B Special Election," accessed February 20, 2019
  82. ↑ WDIO, "4 Withdraw from 11B House Race Following GOP Endorsement," February 21, 2019
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 U.S. News, "Governor Sets Special Elections for 2 Vacant Senate Seats," January 15, 2019
  84. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Primary Election Calendar," accessed January 17, 2019
  85. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Primary Election Calendar," accessed January 17, 2019
  86. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  87. ↑ News Star, "Hunter wins 4th Judicial District Judge seat," November 6, 2018
  88. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  89. ↑ The Advocate, "Kenny Havard starts his new job as West Feliciana Parish president Monday," December 5, 2018
  90. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Get Election Information," accessed December 12, 2018
  91. ↑ The Advocate, "Kenny Havard starts his new job as West Feliciana Parish president Monday," December 5, 2018
  92. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "State Representative 62nd Representative District Election 02/23/2019," accessed February 21, 2019
  93. ↑ Mandy Gillip, "Phone interview with office of the Maine Secretary of State," February 14, 2019
  94. ↑ BDN Politics, "Democrat from Bath to give up Maine House seat, "February 1, 2019
  95. ↑ Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, "Special election set for April 2 to fill Pa. Senate seat left vacant by Guy Reschenthaler," January 5, 2019
  96. ↑ Politics PA, "SD37: Iovino and Raja Balance Moderate Message with Turning Out the Base," April 1, 2019
  97. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," accessed April 1, 2019
  98. ↑ The Journal Times, "Gov. Evers calls special election for Barca's seat," February 14, 2019
  99. ↑ The Journal Times, "Democratic candidates for Barca's vacant seat debate issues," March 20, 2019
  100. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "House District 7 Notice of Special Election (including qualifying information and reporting dates)," accessed January 29, 2019
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 101.3 101.4 101.5 Florida Politics, "Special elections set for House members who joined Ron DeSantis administration," January 25, 2019
  102. ↑ Twitter, "Halsey Beshears on January 11, 2019," accessed January 29, 2019
  103. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "House District 38 Notice of Special Election (including qualifying information and reporting dates)," accessed January 29, 2019
  104. ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "This Tampa Bay state representative now leads Florida’s veterans affairs," January 24, 2019
  105. ↑ Sunshine State News, "Shoaf, Maggard Pick up Primary Wins," April 10, 2019
  106. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "House District 97 Notice of Special Election (including qualifying information and reporting dates)," accessed January 29, 2019
  107. ↑ Orlando Weekly, "Ron DeSantis taps Democrat Jared Moskowitz as Florida's next disaster manager," December 7, 2018
  108. ↑ Fox 5, "Fight for House Dist. 28 heading to State Supreme Court," February 12, 2019
  109. ↑ WNEG, "Judge Rules In Gasaway’s Favor, Orders A Third Special Election For Hd 28," February 1, 2019
  110. ↑ Hartford Courant, "Avon Republican, local businessman Bob Margolis announces run for 19th House District seat," March 7, 2019
  111. ↑ 111.0 111.1 Hartford Courant, "Special election to fill vacant 19th House District seat set for April 16," March 4, 2019
  112. ↑ Hartford Courant, "Exum, Margolis to face off in special election for 19th District seat," March 10, 2019
  113. ↑ South Carolina State Election Commission, "State House of Representatives District 14 Special Election," accessed January 8, 2019
  114. ↑ WSPA.com, "Upstate lawmaker announces retirement," December 10, 2018
  115. ↑ Tennessee Secretary of State, "Key Dates for Tennessee Senate District 22 Special Primary and General Elections," accessed January 24, 2019
  116. ↑ The Journal Times, "Gov. Evers calls special election for Barca's seat," February 14, 2019
  117. ↑ The Journal Times, "Democratic candidates for Barca's vacant seat debate issues," March 20, 2019
  118. ↑ The Office of Governor Ned Lamont, "Governor Lamont’s writ of special election for the 130th Assembly District," accessed March 28, 2019
  119. ↑ New Haven Register, "Bridgeport state Rep. Ezequiel Santiago dies at 45," March 15, 2019
  120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 Penn Live, "Special election dates set to fill two open seats in the Pennsylvania Senate," March 8, 2019
  121. ↑ Penn Live, "House GOP leaders call on Rep. Brian Ellis to resign after sexual assault allegation," January 25, 2019
  122. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Primary Election Calendar," accessed January 17, 2019
  123. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Primary Election Calendar," accessed January 17, 2019
  124. ↑ Montgomery Adviser, "Ivey calls special election for Montgomery House seat," April 1, 2019
  125. ↑ Montgomery Adviser, "Dimitri Polizos, state representative and small business champion, dies," March 27, 2019
  126. ↑ BDN Politics, "Special election set to replace Maine state rep who resigned," March 29, 2019
  127. ↑ The Forecaster, "Cancer forces Cumberland state Rep. Denno to resign," March 26, 2019
  128. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "House District 7 Notice of Special Election (including qualifying information and reporting dates)," accessed January 29, 2019
  129. ↑ Twitter, "Halsey Beshears on January 11, 2019," accessed January 29, 2019
  130. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "House District 38 Notice of Special Election (including qualifying information and reporting dates)," accessed January 29, 2019
  131. ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "This Tampa Bay state representative now leads Florida’s veterans affairs," January 24, 2019
  132. ↑ Sunshine State News, "Shoaf, Maggard Pick up Primary Wins," April 10, 2019
  133. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "House District 97 Notice of Special Election (including qualifying information and reporting dates)," accessed January 29, 2019
  134. ↑ Orlando Weekly, "Ron DeSantis taps Democrat Jared Moskowitz as Florida's next disaster manager," December 7, 2018
  135. ↑ South Carolina State Election Commission, "State House of Representatives District 19 Special Election," accessed June 20, 2019
  136. ↑ Wellsville Daily Reporter, "State Senator Cathy Young resigns," February 28, 2019
  137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 137.2 137.3 137.4 137.5 Arkansas Democrat Gazette, "Governor sets special election for House seat vacated by lawmaker who resigned to work with Little Rock mayor," May 30, 2019
  138. ↑ Arkansas Democrat Gazette, "Procedure settled in District 36 race," October 31, 2019
  139. ↑ Caffeinated Thoughts, "Special Election to Replace Heddens in Iowa House District 46 Set," June 21, 2019
  140. ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "2019 Elections Calendar," accessed March 27, 2019
  141. ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "2019 Elections Calendar," accessed March 27, 2019
  142. ↑ AL.com, "Gov. Kay Ivey sets special election to fill Jimmy Martin’s House seat," June 11, 2019
  143. ↑ Montgomery Advertiser, "Veteran state lawmaker Jimmy Martin dies," May 31, 2019
  144. ↑ Sea Coast Online, "Epping state Rep. Sean Morrison resigns," June 6, 2019
  145. ↑ Penn Live, "Special election to fill open Pa. House seat set for Aug. 20," May 28, 2019
  146. ↑ The Daily Item, "UPDATE: Rowe says Valley GOP must unite to 'keep the district in Republican hands'," June 13, 2019
  147. ↑ The Daily Item, "Rager-Kay says Dems can win special election if they 'work together'," June 21, 2019
  148. ↑ Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, "Keller resigns state House seat, clearing way to Congress," May 24, 2019
  149. ↑ South Carolina State Election Commission, "State House of Representatives District 19 Special Election," accessed June 20, 2019
  150. ↑ Montgomery Adviser, "Ivey calls special election for Montgomery House seat," April 1, 2019
  151. ↑ Montgomery Adviser, "Dimitri Polizos, state representative and small business champion, dies," March 27, 2019
  152. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Primary Election Calendar," accessed June 20, 2019
  153. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Notice to candidates," accessed July 8, 2019
  154. ↑ Arkansas Democrat Gazette, "Procedure settled in District 36 race," October 31, 2019
  155. ↑ The Newnan Times-Herald, "HD 71 candidate qualifying begins, Anders withdraws," July 18, 2019
  156. ↑ The Citizen, "Stover resigns House seat," June 26, 2019
  157. ↑ Aiken Standard, "Special election to decide Rep. Ronnie Young's successor set for Oct. 1," May 27, 2019
  158. ↑ South Carolina Election Commission, "10/1/2019 State House District 84 Special Election," accessed June 17, 2019
  159. ↑ The State, "‘A quiet leader’: Longtime public servant, SC Rep. Ronnie Young dies at 71," May 19, 2019
  160. ↑ Sea Coast Online, "Epping state Rep. Sean Morrison resigns," June 6, 2019
  161. ↑ AL.com, "Gov. Kay Ivey sets special election to fill Jimmy Martin’s House seat," June 11, 2019
  162. ↑ Montgomery Advertiser, "Veteran state lawmaker Jimmy Martin dies," May 31, 2019
  163. ↑ Arkansas Democrat Gazette, "Procedure settled in District 36 race," October 31, 2019
  164. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Primary Election Calendar," accessed June 20, 2019
  165. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Notice to candidates," accessed July 8, 2019
  166. ↑ Walb.com, "Special election ordered to replace Rynders in Ga. House," September 11, 2019
  167. ↑ Albany Herald, "Special election set for House District 152 seat," September 10, 2019
  168. ↑ Albany Herald, "Four qualify for nonpartisan House District 152 seat," September 18, 2019
  169. ↑ Albany Herald, "Rep. Ed Rynders announces resignation from House District 152 seat," September 5, 2019
  170. ↑ Marielle Bricker, "Telephone conversation with the Kentucky Secretary of State's office," September 12, 2019
  171. ↑ CT Post, "Kentucky lawmaker resigns, citing belief in term limits," September 10, 2019
  172. ↑ 172.0 172.1 The River City News, "Special Statehouse Election in NKY Will Take Place Nov. 5," August 13, 2019
  173. ↑ WLOX.com, "DeLano officially files petition contesting results of District 50 State Senate race," August 26, 2019
  174. ↑ WLOX.com, "Recount for District 50 Senate seat complete, report to be filed with Republican Executive Committee," August 24, 2019
  175. ↑ WLOX.com, "Dixie Newman declared winner after election results certified," August 14, 2019
  176. ↑ Y'all Politics, "District 50 Senate seat headed to a re-vote," September 4, 2019
  177. ↑ WLOX, "Special election possible for District 50 Senate seat," September 4, 2019
  178. ↑ 178.0 178.1 The Sun Herald, " Dixie Newman’s victory vacated. Judge orders special election for Senate race in Biloxi," September 17, 2019
  179. ↑ WLOX, "Judge orders partial re-vote in District 50 Senate race," September 17, 2019
  180. ↑ The Circuit Court of Harrison County, MS, "Order in RE: Republican primary for Mississippi State Senate District 50, B/W Scott DeLano and Dixie Newman," accessed September 20, 2019
  181. ↑ WLOX, "Senate District 50 special election to be held on same day as general election," September 20, 2019
  182. ↑ St. Louis Post-Dispatch, "Special election date set to fill House seats held by Franks, Walker," August 1, 2019
  183. ↑ St. Louis Post-Dispatch, "Special election date set to fill House seats held by Franks, Walker," August 1, 2019
  184. ↑ KCTV, "Kansas City lawmaker resigns amid sexual harassment allegations," April 30, 2019
  185. ↑ St. Louis Post-Dispatch, "Special election date set to fill House seats held by Franks, Walker," August 1, 2019
  186. ↑ Fox2Now St. Louis, "Missouri lawmaker resigns for St. Louis County policy job," July 30, 2019
  187. ↑ St. Louis Post-Dispatch, "Special election date set to fill House seats held by Franks, Walker," August 1, 2019
  188. ↑ St. Louis Public Radio, "Bruce Franks Will Resign From Missouri House To Focus On His Mental Health," May 16, 2019
  189. ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "Candidate Filing - Special Election November 5, 2019," accessed April 24, 2019
  190. ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "Candidate Filing - Special Election November 5, 2019," accessed April 24, 2019
  191. ↑ Fox2Now.com, "House budget chairman Scott Fitzpatrick appointed as next Missouri treasurer," December 19, 2018
  192. ↑ Wellsville Daily Reporter, "State Senator Cathy Young resigns," February 28, 2019
  193. ↑ Thunderbolt Broadcasting, "Special Elections Set for District 77," accessed September 10, 2019
  194. ↑ Tennessean, "Rep. Bill Sanderson to resign from legislature, citing family and business demands," July 23, 2019
  195. ↑ NWTN Today, "Interim Rep Named," September 6, 2019
  196. ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Sets Date For Special Runoff Elections In Texas," November 16, 2019
  197. ↑ Texas Governor Greg Abbott', "Proclamation by the Governor of the State of Texas," August 13, 2019
  198. ↑ The Texas Tribune, "State Rep. John Zerwas to join UT System as executive vice chancellor," August 1, 2019
  199. ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Sets Date For Special Runoff Elections In Texas," November 16, 2019
  200. ↑ Governor Greg Abbott, "HD 100 special election," accessed June 5, 2019
  201. ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Sets Date For Special Runoff Elections In Texas," November 16, 2019
  202. ↑ Houston Chronicle, "Gov. Abbott sets special election for Houston seat in Texas House," August 19, 2019
  203. ↑ Houston Chronicle, "Houston Democrat Jessica Farrar to retire from Legislature," August 16, 2019
  204. ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "2019 Elections Calendar," accessed March 27, 2019
  205. ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "2019 Elections Calendar," accessed March 27, 2019
  206. ↑ Montgomery Adviser, "Ivey calls special election for Montgomery House seat," April 1, 2019
  207. ↑ Montgomery Adviser, "Dimitri Polizos, state representative and small business champion, dies," March 27, 2019
  208. ↑ Walb.com, "Special election ordered to replace Rynders in Ga. House," September 11, 2019
  209. ↑ Albany Herald, "Special election set for House District 152 seat," September 10, 2019
  210. ↑ Albany Herald, "Four qualify for nonpartisan House District 152 seat," September 18, 2019
  211. ↑ Albany Herald, "Rep. Ed Rynders announces resignation from House District 152 seat," September 5, 2019
  212. ↑ Arkansas Democrat Gazette, "2 more Arkansas House hopefuls join race; another ends bid for Gates’ seat," October 29, 2019
  213. ↑ KATV7, "Rep. Mickey Gates expelled from Arkansas House in historic vote," October 11, 2019
  214. ↑ State of Arkansas, "Proclamation," accessed November 21, 2019
  215. ↑ Arkansas Times, "Civil rights giant John Walker has died at 82," October 28, 2019
  216. ↑ Thunderbolt Broadcasting, "Special Elections Set for District 77," accessed September 10, 2019
  217. ↑ Tennessean, "Rep. Bill Sanderson to resign from legislature, citing family and business demands," July 23, 2019
  218. ↑ NWTN Today, "Interim Rep Named," September 6, 2019
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