State legislative structure ballot measures

Voters have decided on state legislative structure ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this refers to measures regarding the structure of state legislatures, including the number of legislators and unicameral versus bicameral structures. The topic is grouped within the governance policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

Topic information

• State ballot measure topics
• Local ballot measure topics
• History of ballot measures by topic

Topic path

State ballot measure

Governance policy

State legislatures

State legislative structure

Related ballot measures

Related state and local ballot measure topics

State ballot measures

State legislative authority State legislative processes and sessions State legislative vote requirements

Local ballot measures

Local government structure

Explore more state ballot measure topics

Scroll to explore topics. Click a topic to view more information.

Budget and tax policy

Economic regulations Banking policy Business regulations Insurance policy Public economic investment policy Tax policy Business taxes Carbon taxes and fees Fees, licenses, and charges Food and beverage taxes Fuel taxes Income taxes Property taxes Property tax exemptions Sales taxes Severance taxes Tobacco and cigarette taxes Budget policy Balanced budget requirements Budget stabilization funds Debt limits Revenue allocation Revenue and spending limits Restricted-use funds Bond issues Bond issue requirements Tax and revenue administration

Criminal justice and law enforcement policy

Civil law and trials Civil trials Tort law Criminal sentences and trials Bail policy Criminal sentencing Criminal trials Death penalty Juvenile criminal justice Parole policy Drug regulations Alcohol laws Drug crime policy Marijuana laws Psychedelic substance laws Smoking bans Tobacco laws Law enforcement and corrections Corrections governance Law enforcement funding Law enforcement officers and departments Prison and jail funding Prison work regulations Crime victims' rights Dueling bans

Education policy

Higher education Higher education funding Higher education governance Public K–12 education Public education funding Public education governance Public school teachers and staff Religion in public schools School class size policy Early childhood education School choice policy

Election policy

Direct democracy Ballot measure supermajority requirements Ballot measure process Initiative and referendum process Recall process Electoral systems Cumulative voting Presidential electoral vote Primary election systems Proportional representation Ranked-choice voting Runoff elections Term limits Congressional term limits Executive official term limits Judicial term limits Local official term limits State legislative term limits Voting policy Absentee and mail voting Citizenship voting requirements Early voting Literacy, poll tax, and property voting requirements Primary election participation Race and suffrage Residency voting requirements Voter ID policy Voter registration Voting age policy Voting rights for persons with criminal convictions Women's suffrage Age limits for officials Campaign finance Election administration and governance Redistricting policy

Environment and energy policy

Energy policy Carbon emissions regulations Energy conservation and efficiency Energy market regulations Energy transmission projects Fossil fuel energy Hydroelectric energy Nuclear energy Solar and wind energy Hunting and fishing Fisheries and fishing regulations Game and fish commissions Hunting regulations Right to hunt and fish Natural disaster policy Earthquake infrastructure Flood infrastructure and management Storm infrastructure Wildfire management Agriculture policy Animal treatment laws Food policy Forestry and timber Mineral resources Parks, land, and natural area conservation Pollution, waste, and recycling policy

Governance policy

Administrative agencies Administrative organization Administrative powers and rulemaking Local government Local government organization Local government officials and elections Local government finance and taxes State constitutions Constitutional rights Constitutional wording changes State constitution ratification State constitutional conventions State executives Executive branch structure State executive elections State executive powers and duties State legislatures State legislative authority State legislative elections State legislative processes and sessions State legislative structure State legislative vote requirements State judiciary State judicial authority State judicial selection State judiciary oversight State judiciary structure Census policy Civil service Ethics rules and commissions Federal government issues Jury rules Impeachment rules Open meetings and public information Salaries of government officials State capitals State flags, symbols, and holidays Statehood Time standards

Infrastructure policy

Housing policy Homestead tax exemptions Housing assistance programs Housing development funding Rent control and regulations Transportation policy Airport infrastructure Highways and bridges Non-motorized transportation Ports and harbors Public transportation Railways Toll roads Transportation taxes and fees Vehicle and driver regulations Water infrastructure Drinking water systems Sewage and stormwater Water irrigation policy Water storage Eminent domain policy Land use and development policy Public land policy Telecommunications infrastructure Utility policy

Labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy

Labor union policy Collective bargaining Labor disputes and strikes Labor union deductions Right-to-work laws Healthcare policy Complementary and alternative healthcare Healthcare facility funding Healthcare governance Private health insurance Public health insurance Vaccinations and disease policy Work regulations Child labor regulations Gender-based labor regulations Minimum wage laws Paid sick leave laws Workers' compensation laws Working hours regulations Public assistance programs Public employee retirement funds Public works labor and contracting

Military and veteran policy

Defense-related funding Government continuity policy Military service policy Military-related advisory questions Nuclear weapons policy State National Guard and militia Veterans policy

Social issue policy

Abortion policy Affirmative action American Indian issues Assisted death policy Athletics and sports English language policy Family-related policy Firearms policy Gambling policy Immigration policy LGBTQ issues Race and ethnicity issues Religion-related policy Sex and gender issues Sexual content regulations Sunday regulations

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

There are no ballot measures related to this topic that have qualified for the ballot.

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2022

1. American Samoa, Amendment 4, House of Representatives Size Measure (2022)
2. American Samoa, Amendment 6, Swains Island Voting Delegate Measure (2022)
3. American Samoa, Amendment 7, Senate Size Measure (2022)

2020

1. Idaho Constitutional Amendment HJR4, Require 35 Legislative Districts Amendment (2020)

2012

1. Oregon Measure 78, Government Branches Amendment (2012)

2010

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Increase Size of State Legislature Amendment (2010)

2004

1. Nebraska Amendment 2, Change Presiding Officer of Legislature Measure (2004)
2. Virginia Question 2, Appointment of Governor in Cases of a Vacancy During an Emergency or Enemy Attack Amendment (2004)

1998

1. Georgia Amendment 5, Commission on Compensation of Public Officials Amendment (1998)
2. Nebraska Amendment 6, Change Presiding Officer of Legislature Measure (May 1998)
3. Nevada Question 8, Senate President Amendment (1998)

1996

1. North Dakota House Member Terms, Measure 3 (1996)

1990

1. North Dakota Lieutenant Governor as Presiding Officer, Measure 1 (1990)

1986

1. Idaho Limit Size of Legislature, HJR 4 (1986)

1984

1. North Dakota Legislative Assembly Article Referendum, Measure 2 (1984)

1982

1. North Carolina Legislative Office Term Start Date Amendment (1982)
2. North Dakota Legislative Assembly Article Referendum, Measure 2 (1982)

1980

1. Alaska Ballot Proposition 3, Authorization of Special Legislative Committees Amendment (1980)
2. Illinois Reduce Size of House of Representatives and Eliminate Cumulative Voting Initiative (1980)
3. North Dakota Legislative Article Referendum, Amendment 3 (1980)

1976

1. Alaska Ballot Proposition 6, Unicameral Legislature Question (1976)

1975

1. Maine Question 3, Single-Member Legislative Districts and Apportionment Commission Amendment (1975)

1974

1. Massachusetts Question 2, Reduce Size of House and Change Redistricting Process Amendment (1974)
2. Nebraska Amendment 2, Presiding Officer of the Legislature Amendment (May 1974)
3. New Hampshire Increase Size of Senate Amendment (1974)
4. South Dakota Amendment A, Restructure of Legislative Department Measure (1974)
5. South Dakota Amendment B, Voting Rights Expansion Measure (1974)

1972

1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Legislative Clarifications Amendment (May 1972)
2. Nebraska Amendment 6, Removal of Obsolete Legislative Language Amendment (May 1972)
3. Nebraska Amendment 8, State Retirement for Legislators Amendment (1972)
4. North Dakota Unicameral or Bicameral Legislature, Alternate Proposition 1 (1972)

1970

1. Nebraska Amendment 13a, Presiding Officer of the Legislature Amendment (1970)

1969

1. Maine Question 15, Odd Number of State Senators Amendment (1969)

1966

1. Missouri Amendment 3, Representative and Senatorial Districts Measure (January 1966)

1965

1. Missouri Amendment 3, State Legislative Apportionment and Staffing Limits Measure (August 1965)

1964

1. North Carolina Increase Size of Senate and Reduce Size of House Amendment (January 1964)

1962

1. California Proposition 23, Increase Size of Senate and Change Apportionment Rules Initiative (1962)
2. South Dakota Amendment, Legislative Sessions Measure (1962)

1960

1. South Dakota Amendment B, Senate District and County Division Limitations Measure (1960)
2. Virginia Question 2, Allow Elected Officials to Serve Multiple Districts Amendment (1960)

1953

1. Arizona Proposition 100, Size of State Legislature Amendment (September 1953)

1950

1. Maryland Membership in the House of Delegates, Amendment 4 (1950)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 314-315, Increase Size of Senate and Require Reapportionment Every 10 Years Initiative (1950)
3. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislative Reapportionment Measure (1950)

1948

1. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislative Reapportionment Measure (1948)
2. Virginia Abolishing the Joint Committee on Special, Private, and Local Legislation Amendment (1948)

1944

1. Florida Amendment 2, Legislative Districts Amendment (1944)
2. Missouri Amendment 2, Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1944)

1942

1. Florida Amendment 6, Senate Districts and Redistricting Amendment (1942)

1938

1. Oklahoma State Question 243, Legislative Size and Salaries Amendment (1938)
2. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislature Membership Measure (1938)

1936

1. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislature Membership Size Measure (1936)

1934

1. Nebraska Amendment 2, Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1934)

1932

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 108-109, Reduce Size of House of Representatives Initiative (1932)

1930

1. Michigan Apportionment of the State Legislature Initiative (1930)

1928

1. Michigan Establishment of Legislative Districts Amendment (1928)

1924

1. Florida Apportionment of the Legislature Amendment (1924)
2. Michigan Establishment of Legislative Districts Initiative (1924)

1922

1. Colorado Measure 3, Apportionment of General Assembly Initiative (1922)
2. Florida Legislative Districts and Representatives Amendment (1922)

1921

1. New Hampshire Size of Legislature Amendment (1921)

1920

1. Nebraska Amendment 6, Number of State Senators Amendment (September 1920)

1916

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 112-113, Abolish State Senate and Create Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1916)
2. Florida Reapportionment of the Legislature Amendment (1916)

1914

1. Minnesota Limit Size of the State Senate, Amendment 7 (1914)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 350-351, Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1914)
3. South Dakota Amendment 6, Four-Year Legislative Terms Measure (1914)

1912

1. Idaho Senate and House of Representatives Composition, HJR 13 (1912)
2. Minnesota Limit Size of State Senate, Amendment 6 (1912)
3. Oregon Measure Nos. 362-363, Unicameral Legislature and Proportional Representation Initiative (1912)

1900

1. Florida Representation of New Counties Amendment (1900)

1894

1. Nevada State Question 22, Legislative Authority Amendment (1894)

1888

1. Nevada State Question 5, Lieutenant Governor's Role in Senate Amendment (1888)

1881

1. Minnesota Amendment 3, Limiting Compensation of State Legislators Measure (1881)

1876

1. New York Amendment 2, Offices of State Prisons Amendment (1876)

1874

1. Connecticut Question 1, Granting Towns with Large Populations Two Representatives Amendment (1874)
2. New York Amendment 2, Powers and Guidelines of the Legislature Amendment (1874)

1835

1. North Carolina State Constitution Revisions Amendment (1835)

Alaska

1. Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Increase Size of State Legislature Amendment (2010)
2. Alaska Ballot Proposition 3, Authorization of Special Legislative Committees Amendment (1980)
3. Alaska Ballot Proposition 6, Unicameral Legislature Question (1976)

American Samoa

1. American Samoa, Amendment 4, House of Representatives Size Measure (2022)
2. American Samoa, Amendment 6, Swains Island Voting Delegate Measure (2022)
3. American Samoa, Amendment 7, Senate Size Measure (2022)

Arizona

1. Arizona Measure Nos. 108-109, Reduce Size of House of Representatives Initiative (1932)
2. Arizona Measure Nos. 112-113, Abolish State Senate and Create Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1916)
3. Arizona Proposition 100, Size of State Legislature Amendment (September 1953)

California

1. California Proposition 23, Increase Size of Senate and Change Apportionment Rules Initiative (1962)

Colorado

1. Colorado Measure 3, Apportionment of General Assembly Initiative (1922)

Connecticut

1. Connecticut Question 1, Granting Towns with Large Populations Two Representatives Amendment (1874)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 2, Legislative Districts Amendment (1944)
2. Florida Amendment 6, Senate Districts and Redistricting Amendment (1942)
3. Florida Apportionment of the Legislature Amendment (1924)
4. Florida Legislative Districts and Representatives Amendment (1922)
5. Florida Reapportionment of the Legislature Amendment (1916)
6. Florida Representation of New Counties Amendment (1900)

Georgia

1. Georgia Amendment 5, Commission on Compensation of Public Officials Amendment (1998)

Idaho

1. Idaho Constitutional Amendment HJR4, Require 35 Legislative Districts Amendment (2020)
2. Idaho Limit Size of Legislature, HJR 4 (1986)
3. Idaho Senate and House of Representatives Composition, HJR 13 (1912)

Illinois

1. Illinois Reduce Size of House of Representatives and Eliminate Cumulative Voting Initiative (1980)

Maine

1. Maine Question 15, Odd Number of State Senators Amendment (1969)
2. Maine Question 3, Single-Member Legislative Districts and Apportionment Commission Amendment (1975)

Maryland

1. Maryland Membership in the House of Delegates, Amendment 4 (1950)

Massachusetts

1. Massachusetts Question 2, Reduce Size of House and Change Redistricting Process Amendment (1974)

Michigan

1. Michigan Apportionment of the State Legislature Initiative (1930)
2. Michigan Establishment of Legislative Districts Amendment (1928)
3. Michigan Establishment of Legislative Districts Initiative (1924)

Minnesota

1. Minnesota Amendment 3, Limiting Compensation of State Legislators Measure (1881)
2. Minnesota Limit Size of State Senate, Amendment 6 (1912)
3. Minnesota Limit Size of the State Senate, Amendment 7 (1914)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 2, Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1944)
2. Missouri Amendment 3, Representative and Senatorial Districts Measure (January 1966)
3. Missouri Amendment 3, State Legislative Apportionment and Staffing Limits Measure (August 1965)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Amendment 1, Legislative Clarifications Amendment (May 1972)
2. Nebraska Amendment 13a, Presiding Officer of the Legislature Amendment (1970)
3. Nebraska Amendment 2, Change Presiding Officer of Legislature Measure (2004)
4. Nebraska Amendment 2, Presiding Officer of the Legislature Amendment (May 1974)
5. Nebraska Amendment 2, Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1934)
6. Nebraska Amendment 6, Change Presiding Officer of Legislature Measure (May 1998)
7. Nebraska Amendment 6, Number of State Senators Amendment (September 1920)
8. Nebraska Amendment 6, Removal of Obsolete Legislative Language Amendment (May 1972)
9. Nebraska Amendment 8, State Retirement for Legislators Amendment (1972)

Nevada

1. Nevada Question 8, Senate President Amendment (1998)
2. Nevada State Question 22, Legislative Authority Amendment (1894)
3. Nevada State Question 5, Lieutenant Governor's Role in Senate Amendment (1888)

New Hampshire

1. New Hampshire Increase Size of Senate Amendment (1974)
2. New Hampshire Size of Legislature Amendment (1921)

New York

1. New York Amendment 2, Offices of State Prisons Amendment (1876)
2. New York Amendment 2, Powers and Guidelines of the Legislature Amendment (1874)

North Carolina

1. North Carolina Increase Size of Senate and Reduce Size of House Amendment (January 1964)
2. North Carolina Legislative Office Term Start Date Amendment (1982)
3. North Carolina State Constitution Revisions Amendment (1835)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota House Member Terms, Measure 3 (1996)
2. North Dakota Legislative Article Referendum, Amendment 3 (1980)
3. North Dakota Legislative Assembly Article Referendum, Measure 2 (1982)
4. North Dakota Legislative Assembly Article Referendum, Measure 2 (1984)
5. North Dakota Lieutenant Governor as Presiding Officer, Measure 1 (1990)
6. North Dakota Unicameral or Bicameral Legislature, Alternate Proposition 1 (1972)

Oklahoma

1. Oklahoma State Question 243, Legislative Size and Salaries Amendment (1938)

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 78, Government Branches Amendment (2012)
2. Oregon Measure Nos. 314-315, Increase Size of Senate and Require Reapportionment Every 10 Years Initiative (1950)
3. Oregon Measure Nos. 350-351, Unicameral Legislature Initiative (1914)
4. Oregon Measure Nos. 362-363, Unicameral Legislature and Proportional Representation Initiative (1912)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Amendment, Legislative Sessions Measure (1962)
2. South Dakota Amendment 6, Four-Year Legislative Terms Measure (1914)
3. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislative Reapportionment Measure (1948)
4. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislative Reapportionment Measure (1950)
5. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislature Membership Measure (1938)
6. South Dakota Amendment A, Legislature Membership Size Measure (1936)
7. South Dakota Amendment A, Restructure of Legislative Department Measure (1974)
8. South Dakota Amendment B, Senate District and County Division Limitations Measure (1960)
9. South Dakota Amendment B, Voting Rights Expansion Measure (1974)

Virginia

1. Virginia Abolishing the Joint Committee on Special, Private, and Local Legislation Amendment (1948)
2. Virginia Question 2, Allow Elected Officials to Serve Multiple Districts Amendment (1960)
3. Virginia Question 2, Appointment of Governor in Cases of a Vacancy During an Emergency or Enemy Attack Amendment (2004)

See also

State & Local Ballot Measures

Ballotpedia

Measures

• • State ballot measures
• • Local ballot measures
• • Analyses

Topics

• • State ballot measure topics
• • Local ballot measure topics

Law

• • Laws governing ballot measures
• • Changes to laws governing ballot measures
• • Types of ballot measures
• • Ballot measure policy topics

History

• • Historical Ballot Measures (HBM) Factbooks
• • History of ballot measures by topic

Campaigns

• • Campaign finance
• • Endorsements
• • Polls

Footnotes

State ballot measures

State

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

Year

2026 • 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 • 2013 • 2012 • 2011 • 2010 • 2009 • 2008 • 2007 • 2006 • 2005 • 2004 • 2003 • 2002 • 2001 • 2000 • 1999 • 1998 • 1997 • 1996 • 1995 • 1994 • 1993 • 1992 • 1991 • 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1987 • 1986 • 1985 • 1984 • 1983 • 1982 • 1981 • 1980 • 1979 • 1978 • 1977 • 1976 • 1975 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 • 1971 • 1970 • 1969 • 1968 • 1967 • 1966 • 1965 • 1964 • 1963 • 1962 • 1961 • 1960 • 1959 • 1958 • 1957 • 1956 • 1955 • 1954 • 1953 • 1952 • 1951 • 1950 • 1949 • 1948 • 1947 • 1946 • 1945 • 1944 • 1943 • 1942 • 1941 • 1940 • 1939 • 1938 • 1937 • 1936 • 1935 • 1934 • 1933 • 1932 • 1931 • 1930 • 1929 • 1928 • 1927 • 1926 • 1925 • 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 • 1920 • 1919 • 1918 • 1917 • 1916 • 1915 • 1914 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911 • 1910 • 1909 • 1908 • 1907 • 1906 • 1905 • 1904 • 1903 • 1902 • 1901 • 1900