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State of Election Administration Legislation 2023 Mid-Year Report: Noncitizen voting

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State of Election Administration Legislation
2023 Mid-Year Report
Executive summary • About the tracker and methodology • Tracking trends • Specific policy subsets • Ranked-choice voting • Private funding bans • Election audits and qualifications for auditors • Photo ID requirements for in-person and absentee voting • Noncitizen voting
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June 29, 2023
By Ballotpedia staff

In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed a law prohibiting noncitizens from voting in federal elections. This does not apply to state and local elections. As of 2023, seven states specify that noncitizens may not vote in state and local elections: Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, North Dakota, and Ohio. The District of Columbia and municipalities in California, Maryland, and Vermont allow noncitizens to vote in local elections.

As of May 31, six states had introduced constitutional amendments requiring all voters to be U.S. citizens, and six states had introduced bills requiring proof of citizenship to register to vote or prohibiting noncitizen voting. Five states had introduced bills prohibiting consideration of citizenship for voter registration or explicitly allowing noncitizens to vote in certain elections.

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About the authors

Joe Greaney is a staff writer on Ballotpedia's Marquee Team.

Janie Valentine is a team lead on Ballotpedia's Marquee Team.

Ballotpedia Editor in Chief Geoff Pallay reviewed the report and provided feedback, as did Managing Editor Cory Eucalitto.

See also

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