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State of Election Administration Legislation 2023 Mid-Year Report: Ranked-choice voting

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State of Election Administration Legislation
2023 Mid-Year Report

Executive summaryAbout the tracker and methodologyTracking trendsSpecific policy subsetsRanked-choice votingPrivate funding bansElection audits and qualifications for auditorsPhoto ID requirements for in-person and absentee votingNoncitizen voting

More on 2023 election administration legislation
Enacted bills
Absentee/mail-in votingEarly votingElectoral systemsVoting rights for convicted felonsPrivate fundingPrimary systemsRedistrictingVoter identification

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June 29, 2023
By Ballotpedia staff

Ranked-choice voting (RCV) is an electoral system in which voters rank candidates in order of preference on their ballots. If a candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, that candidate is declared the winner. If no candidate wins a majority of first-preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes is eliminated. First-preference votes cast for the failed candidate are eliminated, lifting the next-preference choices indicated on those ballots. A new tally is conducted to determine whether any candidate has won a majority of the adjusted votes. The process is repeated until a candidate wins an outright majority.

Heading into 2023, two states prohibited RCV, while 17 states had adopted RCV voting either on the state or local level. In 2023, three more states passed laws prohibiting RCV, and two such bans were vetoed.

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About the authors

Joe Greaney is a staff writer on Ballotpedia's Marquee Team.

Janie Valentine is a team lead on Ballotpedia's Marquee Team.

Ballotpedia Editor in Chief Geoff Pallay reviewed the report and provided feedback, as did Managing Editor Cory Eucalitto.

See also