States with initiative or referendum

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Twenty-six states have initiative and/or veto referendum processes at the statewide level. Washington, D.C., also has initiative and referendum processes. The availability of the powers at the local level varies by jurisdiction depending on state and local laws.

The following states have initiative and/or veto referendum processes at the statewide level:

VermontNew HampshireLaws governing the initiative process in MassachusettsRhode IslandConnecticutNew JerseyDelawareMarylandWest VirginiaLaws governing the initiative process in FloridaAlabamaGeorgiaSouth CarolinaNorth CarolinaVirginiaPennsylvaniaNew YorkLaws governing the initiative process in MaineLaws governing the initiative process in OhioIndianaKentuckyTennesseeAlabamaLaws governing the initiative process in MississippiLouisianaLaws governing the initiative process in ArkansasIowaWisconsinMinnesotaLaws governing the initiative process in MissouriLaws governing the initiative process in North DakotaLaws governing the initiative process in South DakotaLaws governing the initiative process in NebraskaKansasLaws governing the initiative process in OklahomaTexasLaws governing the initiative process in MontanaLaws governing the initiative process in WashingtonLaws governing the initiative process in OregonLaws governing the initiative process in IdahoLaws governing the initiative process in CaliforniaLaws governing the initiative process in NevadaLaws governing the initiative process in UtahNew MexicoLaws governing the initiative process in ArizonaLaws governing the initiative process in AlaskaHawaiiLaws governing the initiative process in ColoradoLaws governing the initiative process in WyomingLaws governing the initiative process in MichiganIllinoisUS Map I&R.png


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Signature requirements and deadlines by state

Click on the links below to read about signature requirements and deadlines for ballot initiatives in each state.

Chart of powers in each state

The chart below lists the 26 states with the power of initiative or referendum, shows what powers—initiated statute, initiated amendment, veto referendum, or some combination—the people in that state enjoy. It also shows the signature requirement for each type of measure as of the 2019/2020 election cycle. The chart does not differentiate between different types of initiated statute or initiated amendment, such as between direct or indirect initiatives. Read details about the process in each state by clicking the links in the chart.

State Constitutional Signatures Statute Signatures Referendum Signatures
Alaska Defeatedd N/A Approveda 32,127 Approveda 32,127
Arizona Approveda 356,467 Approveda 237,645 Approveda 118,823
Arkansas Approveda 89,151 Approveda 71,321 Approveda 53,491
California Approveda 997,139 Approveda 623,212 Approveda 623,212
Colorado Approveda 124,632 Approveda 124,632 Approveda 124,632
Florida Approveda 766,200 Defeatedd N/A Defeatedd N/A
Idaho Defeatedd N/A Approveda 56,192 Approveda 56,192
Illinois Approveda 363,813 Defeatedd N/A Defeatedd N/A
Maine Defeatedd N/A Approveda 63,067 Approveda 63,067
Maryland Defeatedd N/A Defeatedd N/A Approveda 69,135
Massachusetts Approveda 64,750 Approveda 93,611 Approveda 40,119[1]
Michigan Approveda 425,059 Approveda 340,047 Approveda 212,529
Mississippi Approveda 86,185 Defeatedd N/A Defeatedd N/A
Missouri Approveda 160,199[2] Approveda 100,126[2] Approveda 100,126[2]
Montana Approveda 50,936 Approveda 25,468 Approveda 25,468
Nebraska Approveda 122,274 Approveda 85,592 Approveda 61,137[3]
New Mexico Defeatedd N/A Defeatedd N/A Approveda 70,165[4]
Nevada Approveda 97,616 Approveda 97,616 Approveda 97,616
North Dakota Approveda 26,904 Approveda 13,452 Approveda 13,452
Ohio Approveda 442,958 Approveda 265,774 Approveda 265,774
Oklahoma Approveda 177,958 Approveda 94,911 Approveda 59,320
Oregon Approveda 149,360 Approveda 112,020 Approveda 74,680
South Dakota Approveda 33,921 Approveda 16,961 Approveda 16,961
Utah Defeatedd N/A Approveda 115,869 Approveda 115,869
Washington Defeatedd N/A Approveda 259,622 Approveda 129,811
Wyoming Defeatedd N/A Approveda 30,792 Approveda 30,792

See also

External links

Foot notes

  1. ↑ This was the number of signatures required to put a targeted law before voters. To suspend the enactment of the targeted law until the election, the requirement was 53,492 valid signatures.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 This is the minimum required if signatures are collected in the congressional districts with the lowest numbers of votes cast in 2016. The signature requirement varies based on what districts are targeted for signature collection.
  3. ↑ To suspend the enactment of the targeted law until the election, the requirement is 122,274 valid signatures.
  4. ↑ This was the number of signatures required to put a targeted law before voters. To suspend the enactment of the targeted law until the election, the requirement was 175,413 valid signatures.
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