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States with law enforcement codes made by state agencies
| Police hiring, training, and discipline |
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| • Police collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) • Ballotpedia CBA dashboard •Reform proposals •CBA areas of inquiry and disagreement •Arguments about police collective bargaining • Index of articles about criminal justice policy |
| Click here for more analysis of police hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements by state and city on Ballotpedia |
This page contains information from a Ballotpedia analysis about which states have law enforcement codes made by state agencies. It is part of an analysis of police union collective bargaining agreements and related arrangements with police unions concerning hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements in the 50 states and top 100 cities by population.
According to the analysis, 43 states have law enforcement codes made by state agencies as of December 2021.
This page features the following sections:
Maps
Map showing which states have law enforcement codes made by state agencies
Background
Through the lens of 40 research questions related to police hiring, training, and discipline, Ballotpedia examined the collective bargaining agreements, statutes, and regulatory codes governing the 50 states and the top 100 US cities by population.
Some of the hiring, training, and discipline standards for police officers not established by statutes or regulations arise from negotiations with police unions. Those negotiations are often codified in collective bargaining agreements. Those agreements are the contracts that states and cities sign following negotiations with police unions. Some states and cities restrict collective bargaining, but may still negotiate with police unions using other methods. After negotiating with the unions, those jurisdictions sometimes establish police standards through documents including memoranda of understanding or meet and confer agreements.
You can find lists of all the collective bargaining agreements and other documents used by Ballotpedia for this survey here for states and here for cities.
Summary of findings
Ballotpedia's analysis of state and city union policies produced the following key takeaways (as of December 2021):
- 43 states have law enforcement codes made by state agencies
- 7 states did not have law enforcement codes made by state agencies
Results
The table below includes each state in alphabetical order and indicates those that have law enforcement codes made by state agencies. To see the provisions Ballotpedia used to support these results, click here.
means that the jurisdiction has law enforcement codes made by state agencies
means that the jurisdiction does not have law enforcement codes made by state agencies- NO CBA means that the jurisdiction does not have a collective bargaining agreement
- UNKNOWN means that Ballotpedia could not verify whether the jurisdiction had a collective bargaining agreement
- FOIA DENIED means that the jurisdiction rejected Ballotpedia's request to review any collective bargaining agreements
See also
Footnotes
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