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Tennessee State Senate elections, 2024 (August 1 Republican primaries)

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There were eight Republican primaries for the Tennessee State Senate on August 1, 2024. An incumbent ran in seven of those primaries. Two incumbents—Jon Lundberg (R) and Frank Niceley (R)—lost in the primaries.

The 2024 elections took place in the context of a conflict among House Republicans over a proposal to expand Tennessee's school voucher program. In the 2024 legislative session, Gov. Bill Lee (R) supported a proposal allowing all Tennessee families with school-age children access to vouchers to be applied towards the cost of private school.

The bill did not advance to a final vote before the end of the session owing to differences between the House and Senate drafts in what Chalkbeat described as "one of the biggest defeats of [Lee's] administration, now in its second term."[1] According to the Tennessee Lookout, with the legislature out of session until 2025, the primaries "are the next frontier in the debate over whether state lawmakers should adopt a universal plan to provide parents with $7,200 in cash to subsidize private school tuition."[2]

Ballotpedia identified the Republican primaries in Districts 2, 4, 8, and 18 as battlegrounds. Three primaries featured an incumbent and a single challenger. The fourth was for an open seat. All four battlegrounds featured $50,000 or more in spending from nine groups Ballotpedia identified as having a recent history of advocacy related to school vouchers. Gov. Bill Lee (R) endorsed a candidate in four contested primaries, including two battleground primaries. Click here for more on the four battleground primaries and here for more on Bill Lee's endorsements.

The 2024 legislative elections had eight contested Republican primaries compared to four in both 2022 and 2020. Seven of those primaries had an incumbent on the ballot compared to three in both 2022 and 2020. This was the first election cycle since 2014 where an incumbent lost in the primaries.

Tennessee was, at the time of the election, one of 23 states with a Republican trifecta. A state government trifecta is a term used to describe a single-party government where one political party holds the governor's office and a majority in both chambers of the state legislature.

For more information on the November general elections for the Tennessee Senate, click here.

Party control

See also: Partisan composition of state houses and State government trifectas
Tennessee House of Representatives
Party As of November 5, 2024 After November 6, 2024
     Democratic Party 24 24
     Republican Party 75 75
Total 99 99

Candidates

Voting information

See also: Voting in Tennessee

Election information in Tennessee: Nov. 5, 2024, election.

What was the voter registration deadline?

  • In-person: Oct. 7, 2024
  • By mail: Postmarked by Oct. 7, 2024
  • Online: Oct. 7, 2024

Was absentee/mail-in voting available to all voters?

No

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot request deadline?

  • In-person: Oct. 29, 2024
  • By mail: Received by Oct. 29, 2024
  • Online: Oct. 29, 2024

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline?

  • In-person: N/A
  • By mail: Received by Nov. 5, 2024

Was early voting available to all voters?

Yes

What were the early voting start and end dates?

Oct. 16, 2024 to Oct. 31, 2024

Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required?

N/A

When were polls open on Election Day?

Varies - 7:00 p.m. (CST)


Incumbents retiring

One incumbent did not file for re-election in 2024.[3] The average number of retirements each election cycle from 2010 to 2022 was 2.7. That incumbent was:

Name Party Office
Art Swann Ends.png Republican Senate District 2


Primary election competitiveness

The 2024 Republican primaries for Tennessee Senate were the most competitive in at least a decade. Seven of the 13 incumbents (53.8%) running for re-election faced primary challengers, the first time since at least 2014 that a majority of Republican senators running for re-election faced primary challengers. Between 2014 and 2022, an average of 25.4% of Senate incumbents running for re-election had primary challengers.

There were eight contested Republican primaries in 2024, accounting for half of all districts holding elections for Senate that year. Between 2014 and 2022, an average of 29.1% of Republican Senate districts had contested primaries. 2024 was the first election cycle since 2014 to feature one or more incumbent Tennessee Senate Republicans losing primaries.

Tennessee State Senate Republican primaries, 2014-2024
Incumbent primary challenges Incumbent primary defeats Total Republican primaries
Year Raw number % Raw number % Raw number %
2024 7 53.8% 2 28.6% 8 50.0%
2022 3 27.3% 0 0.0% 4 23.5%
2020 3 21.4% 0 0.0% 4 25.0%
2018 1 8.3% 0 0.0% 2 11.8%
2016 6 42.9% 0 0.0% 7 43.8%
2014 3 27.3% 2 66.7% 7 41.2%

Endorsements by Bill Lee (R)

Gov. Bill Lee (R) endorsed four Senate Republicans running in contested primaries. Three of those candidates won their primaries.

Endorsements by Gov. Bill Lee in contested Republican primaries for Tennessee State Senate, 2024
Candidate District Incumbent? Battleground? Primary outcome Date
Jon Lundberg District 2 Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Defeatedd May 29, 2024
Ken Yager District 12 Green check mark transparent.png Defeatedd Green check mark transparent.png July 11, 2024
Ferrell Haile District 18 Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png May 31, 2024
John Stevens District 24 Green check mark transparent.png Defeatedd Green check mark transparent.png July 2, 2024

Overview of PAC involvement

Ballotpedia identified nine PACs with a record of advocacy on voucher issues that reported spending on Tennessee legislative campaigns in the 2022 and 2024 election cycles.

The below table details the nine PACs' fundraising and spending activities in Tennessee during the 2022 and 2024 election cycles. The fundraising totals include all funds raised starting in calendar year 2020 through calendar year 2024. The campaign spending totals cover all reported campaign contributions, in-kind contributions, and independent expenditures in support of a candidate between Election Day 2020 and Election Day 2024.

Spending is broken down by support for Democrats versus Republicans and by spending in House versus Senate races. Because the overall spending totals include spending on non-legislative candidates as well as spending on independent expenditures opposing candidates, these percentages may not add up to 100%. The smallest figure in each column is highlighted in italics while the largest is highlighted in bold.

This table lists a primary win rate for each organization. This is a measurement of how many House and Senate primaries taking place in 2024 the organization won. For the purposes of this analysis, an organization is considered to have won a primary if a candidate it spent to support won the primary or if it did not spend to support the winning candidate but did spend to oppose a candidate that lost. An organization is considered to have lost a primary if it spent money to oppose the candidate who won the primary or if it did not spend to oppose the winning candidate but did spend to support a losing candidate.

Tennessee PAC legislative finance, 2020-2024
Overall funds... Percentage of funds spent to support... Primary win rate...
Name Number of candidates supported ...raised ...spent ...Republicans ...Democrats ...House candidates ...Senate candidates ...by raw number ...as a percentage
Americans for Prosperity Action 16 $577,193 $562,666 $524,852 $0 $378,302 $146,550 9/12 75%
Excellence in Public Education PAC 61 $210,000 $116,500 $114,500 $2,000 $66,000 $50,500 16/19 84%
Great Public Schools PAC 70 $341,100 $164,900 $151,600 $13,300 $79,750 $53,750 3/6 50%
Team Kid PAC 57 $1,477,832 $1,125,497 $1,055,517 $69,980 $671,247 $358,190 13/16 81%
Tennessee Education Association Fund 101 $1,066,096 $393,286 $270,871 $122,415 $264,486 $118,800 5/9 56%
Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning 93 $518,194 $279,609 $253,109 $26,500 $186,852 $92,756 9/12 75%
Tennesseans for Putting Students First 69 $791,200 $480,075 $369,310 $56,185 $283,301 $137,195 10/13 77%
Tennessee Federation for Children PAC 35 $1,175,000 $763,030 $482,390 $0 $405,538 $76,852 8/10 80%
School Freedom Fund 5 $2,939,908 $2,939,908 $1,664,193 $0 $1,179,122 $485,071 4/5 80%

All nine organizations spent more to support Republicans than Democrats and spent more funds on House races over Senate races. All PACs except the Tennessee Education Association Fund, Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning, and Tennesseans for Putting Students First supported Republican candidates with more than 90% of their spending. The only group to support Democrats with more than 30% of their contributions was the Tennessee Education Association. The only groups to not spend in support of any Democrats were Americans for Prosperity Action, the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC, and the School Freedom Fund.

Every PAC other than Great Public Schools PAC supported House candidates with a majority of their spending, with Americans for Prosperity Action, the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC, and the School Freedom Fund each supporting House candidates with more than 70% of their spending.

Americans for Prosperity Action

See also: Americans for Prosperity

Americans for Prosperity Action (AFP) supported the second-lowest number of candidates among the nine organizations Ballotpedia tracked, being the only group besides the School Freedom Fund to support fewer than 20 candidates. AFP spent the second-most on House candidates and the second-least on Senate candidates, being one of three organizations Ballotpedia tracked (alongside the Tennessee Federation for Children and School Freedom Fund) to spend more than 70% of its funds on House races and less than 30% on Senate races. AFP was also one of the three organizations Ballotpedia tracked, again alongside the Tennessee Federation for Children and the School Freedom Fund, to spend in support of Republican candidates only.

Overlap with other PACs

Of the eight other PACs Ballotpedia tracked, three backed fewer than half of the candidates AFP backed, three backed exactly half of the candidates AFP backed, and two backed more than half of the candidates AFP backed. The lowest rate of overlap was 12.5% with the Tennessee Education Association Fund and the highest was 62.5% with Excellence in Public Education PAC.

Fundraising sources

Americans for Prosperity Action reported receiving $577,193.20 (100% of its funding) from the national organization of the same name. Americans for Prosperity Action is an advocacy group describing its mission as "electing candidates who will drive policy change and facilitate the building of broad policy coalitions that remove barriers to opportunity and help people improve their lives."[4]

Top candidates by support

Five candidates received $40,000 or more in support from Americans for Prosperity Action. All five candidates were Republicans. Three were House candidates and two were Senate candidates.

Top candidates supported by Americans for Prosperity Action, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Kent Morrell Ends.png Republican Senate $79,512.21 Primary challenger to Richard Briggs (R)
Jon Lundberg Ends.png Republican Senate $65,737.29 Chairman, Senate Education Committee
Michelle Foreman Ends.png Republican House $45,489.60 --
Lee Reeves Ends.png Republican House $40,855.55 --
Chris Todd Ends.png Republican House $40,671.15 Member, Education Instruction Committee

Battleground primary involvement

Americans for Prosperity Action spent in one of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The AFP-backed candidate lost that primary.

Battleground primary spending by Americans for Prosperity Action, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] AFP win?[6]
District 4 Bobby Harshbarger $65,737.29 Defeatedd

Excellence in Public Education PAC

Excellence in Public Education PAC (EPE PAC) raised and spent the least out of the nine PACs Ballotpedia tracked, with $210,000 in fundraising and $116,500 in expenditures. EPE PAC spent the largest percentage of its funds on Senate races of any of the PACs Ballotpedia tracked, with 43% of its expenditures going towards Senate candidates. EPE PAC was one of six groups Ballotpedia tracked to spend at least 30% of its funds on Senate elections and the only group to spend more than 40%.

Overlap with other PACs

Each of the other PACs Ballotpedia tracked other than Americans for Prosperity Action, the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC, and the School Freedom Fund supported a majority of the 61 candidates that EPE PAC supported. Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning supported 47 of the 61 candidates backed by EPE PAC (77.1%), while Great Public Schools PAC supported 46 of the 61 candidates backed by EPE PAC (75.4%). EPE PAC had more overlap with Great Public Schools PAC as an overall percentage of candidates supported than any other group did.

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

Excellence for Public Education PAC reported receiving all of its funding from the Virginia-based Campaign for Great Public Schools. The group describes its mission as "to provide leadership, expertise, and assist cities in the U.S. to improve public education".[7]

Top candidates by support

Six candidates received $4,000 or more in support from EPE PAC. Three were House candidates and three were Senate candidates. All were Republicans.

Top candidates supported by Excellence in Public Education PAC, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Jon Lundberg Ends.png Republican Senate $8,000 Chairman, Senate Education Committee
John Stevens Ends.png Republican Senate $7,000 Vice chairman, Senate Finance, Ways and Means Committee
Patsy Hazlewood Ends.png Republican House $7,000 Chairwoman, House Finance, Ways, and Means Committee
John Gillespie Ends.png Republican House $4,000 Member, House Education Administration Committee
Scott Cepicky Ends.png Republican House $4,000 Member, House Education Administration Committee and House Education Instruction Committee
Todd Gardenhire Ends.png Republican Senate $4,000 Member, Senate Education Committee

Battleground primary involvement

Excellence in Public Education PAC spent in three of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The EPE PAC-backed candidate won in two of those primaries.

Battleground primary spending by Excellence in Public Education PAC, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] EPE PAC win?[6]
District 2 Tom Hatcher $3,000.00[8] Green check mark transparent.png
District 4 Bobby Harshbarger $8,000.00 Defeatedd
District 18 Ferrell Haile $2,000.00 Green check mark transparent.png

Great Public Schools PAC

Great Public Schools PAC (GPS PAC) spent a lower percentage of its funds (48.4%) on House races than any other group Ballotpedia tracked. GPS PAC was one of three groups to spend less than 60% of its funds on House races and the only one to spend less than 50%. GPS PAC's $341,100 in fundraising and $164,900 in spending were the second-lowest among the groups Ballotpedia tracked, surpassing only EPE PAC. GPS PAC's supported candidates won in 50.0% of races, the lowest rate among any group Ballotpedia tracked.


Overlap with other PACs

Each of the other eight PACs that Ballotpedia tracked other than Americans for Prosperity Action, the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC, and the School Freedom Fund supported a majority of the 70 candidates GPS PAC supported. Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning supported 54 of the 70 candidates (77.1%) that GPS PAC supported, the highest rate among any other PACs.

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

Great Public Schools PAC reported receiving all of its funding from two sources. It reported receiving $250,000 (73.3% of its total) from Public School Allies and $91,100 (26.7% of its total) from the Campaign for Great Public Schools DBA[9] City Fund.

The Campaign for Great Public Schools, which was the sole funder of Excellence in Public Education PAC, is a Virginia-based group describing its mission as "to provide leadership, expertise, and assist cities in the U.S. to improve public education".[7]

Public School Allies, which reported the same Virginia-based mailing address as the Campaign for Great Public Schools, is another organization associated with The City Fund, according to Chalkbeat.[10]

Top candidates by support

Four candidates each received more than $8,000 in support from Great Public Schools PAC, more than any others. Three were Republicans and one was a Democrat. The four included two members of the House, Gov. Bill Lee (R), and a school board candidate.


Top candidates supported by Great Public Schools PAC, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Bill Lee Ends.png Republican Governor $23,100 --
Cameron Sexton Ends.png Republican House $10,000 Speaker of the House
Mark White Ends.png Republican House $9,000 Chairman, House Education Administration Committee
John Little Electiondot.png Democratic Nashville School Board $8,300 --

Battleground primary involvement

Great Public Schools PAC spent in one of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The GPS PAC-backed candidate lost in that primary.

Battleground primary spending by Great Public Schools PAC, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] GPS PAC win?[6]
District 8 Jessie Seal $500.00 Defeatedd

Team Kid PAC

Team Kid PAC (TK PAC) had the second-highest fundraising and spending totals among the nine groups Ballotpedia tracked, with nearly $1.48 million in fundraising and nearly $1.13 million in spending. The only group to raise and spend more was the School Freedom Fund. TK PAC also had the second-highest win rate of any group Ballotpedia tracked. Of the 16 contested legislative primaries taking place in 2024 where TK PAC spent, the TK-backed candidate won 13 (81.3%). Only Excellence in Public Education PAC had a higher win rate in the 2024 primaries.

Overlap with other PACs

Of the eight other groups Ballotpedia tracked, four supported a majority of the candidates backed by TK PAC and four supported less than half of the TK PAC-backed candidates. Tennesseans for Putting Students First had the most overlap, backing 44 of the 57 TK PAC-backed candidates (77.2%). The School Freedom Fund had the least overlap, backing only three TK PAC-backed candidates (5.3%).

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

Team Kid PAC reported receiving $1,475,386.91 (99.8% of its overall fundraising) from Tennesseans for Student Success (TSS). TSS describes itself as "a statewide network of parents, guardians, teachers and community leaders that champions economic freedom and mobility for all Tennesseans by supporting high-quality educational opportunities and working to ensure every Tennessee student has access to a great public education."[11]

Top candidates by support

Each of the top five candidates Team Kid PAC supported were Republicans. Two were members of the House and two were members of the Senate.

Top candidates supported by Team Kid PAC, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Ray Jeter Ends.png Republican House $98,524.27 Primary challenger to Scott Cepicky
J. Adam Lowe Ends.png Republican Senate $98,312.54 --
Bill Lee Ends.png Republican Governor $96,059.76 --
Jon Lundberg Ends.png Republican Senate $87,603.92 Member, Senate Education Committee
William Slater Ends.png Republican House $77,304.69 Vice chairman, House Education Administration Committee

Battleground primary involvement

Team Kid PAC spent in three of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The TK PAC-backed candidate won in two of those primaries.

Battleground primary spending by Team Kid PAC, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] TK PAC win?[6]
District 4 Bobby Harshbarger $86,103.92 Defeatedd
District 8 Jessie Seal $45,748.42 Green check mark transparent.png
District 18 Ferrell Haile $31,808.46 Green check mark transparent.png

Tennessee Education Association Fund

The Tennessee Education Association Fund (TEA Fund) spent in support of 101 candidates, more than any other PAC Ballotpedia tracked. The TEA Fund's 31.7% rate of spending in support of Democrats was the highest among any of the PACs Ballotpedia tracked. The TEA Fund was one of four groups Ballotpedia tracked that spent more than 7.5% of its funds to support Democrats and the only one to spend more than 15% on Democrats. TEA Fund-backed candidates won in 55.6% of primaries, the second-lowest win rate across all PACs Ballotpedia tracked.

Overlap with other PACs

The only PAC Ballotpedia tracked that supported a majority of candidates the TEA Fund supported was Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning. Six of the groups Ballotpedia tracked supported fewer than one-third of candidates the TEA Fund supported, and three of those groups supported fewer than 10% of TEA Fund-backed candidates. The School Freedom Fund had the lowest rate of overlap, supporting one of the TEA Fund's 101 supported candidates.

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

The Tennessee Education Association Fund reported receiving all but $397.90 of its $1,006,096.07 fundraising total from unitemized contributions. Tennessee law allows contributions to be reported in unitemized form as long as the amount received from a single donor over the reporting period does not exceed $100.[12]

Top candidates by support

The five candidates who received the most support from the TEA Fund included one Senate Republican, three primary challengers to House Republicans, and one House Democrat.

Top candidates supported by Tennessee Education Association Fund, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Frank Niceley Ends.png Republican Senate $30,800.00 --
Tucker Marcum Ends.png Republican House $14,400.00 Primary challenger to Tim Rudd (R)
Gabriel Fancher Ends.png Republican House $14,140.00 Primary challenger to Robert Stevens (R)
Jason Gilliam Ends.png Republican House $13,460.00 Primary challenger to Scott Cepicky (R)
Ronnie Glynn Electiondot.png Democratic House $13,000.00 Member, House Education Instruction Committee

Battleground primary involvement

The Tennessee Education Association Fund spent in two of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The TEA Fund-backed candidate won in one of those primaries.

Battleground primary spending by the Tennessee Education Association Fund, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] TEA Fund win?[6]
District 2 Tom Hatcher $3,000.00 Green check mark transparent.png
District 8 Jessie Seal $30,800.00 Defeatedd

Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning

Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning (TAEL) spent in support of 93 candidates, more than any PAC Ballotpedia tracked other than the Tennessee Education Association Fund. Its 33.2% rate of spending in Senate races was the second-highest among the groups Ballotpedia tracked.

Overlap with other PACs

The only PACs Ballotpedia tracked that supported a majority of the TAEL-backed candidates were the Tennessee Education Association Fund, Excellence in Public Education PAC, and Great Public Schools PAC. The Tennessee Education Association Fund's 60.2% rate of overlap was the highest among any group Ballotpedia tracked, while the School Freedom Fund's 1.1% overlap rate was the lowest.

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning reported receiving $513,000 (99.0% of its overall fundraising) from Tennesseans for Quality Early Education. According to its website, the group is "a nonpartisan coalition of Tennesseans fighting to ensure our children get the quality early education they need to power our state’s future."[13]

Top candidates by support

All five of the top candidates TAEL supported were Republicans. Three were members of the House and two were members of the Senate.

Top candidates supported by Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Jack Johnson Republican Party Senate $31,256.33 Senate Majority Leader
Deanne DeWitt Republican Party House $29,233.95 --
Brock Martin Republican Party House $29,797.68 --
Troy Weathers Republican Party House $27,820.84 --
Becky Duncan Massey Republican Party Senate $8,000.00 --

Battleground primary involvement

Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning spent in three of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The TAEL-backed candidate won two of those primaries.

Battleground primary spending by Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] TAEL win?[6]
District 2 Tom Hatcher $1,000.00 Green check mark transparent.png
District 4 Bobby Harshbarger $500.00 Defeatedd
District 18 Ferrell Haile $3,500.00 Green check mark transparent.png

Tennesseans for Putting Students First

Tennesseans for Putting Students First (TPSF) allocated 13.2% of its donations to Democrats, a higher percentage than any group Ballotpedia tracked other than the Tennessee Education Association Fund.

Overlap with other PACs

Of the eight other groups Ballotpedia tracked, four backed fewer than half of the candidates TPSF supported. The lowest rate of overlap was 4.4% with the School Freedom Fund. Three groups backed more than 60% of TPSF-supported candidates, with the highest rate of overlap being 66.7% with Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning.

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

Tennesseans for Putting Students First reported receiving all of its funding from three sources.

TPSF received $484,500 (61.2% of its total) from the 50CAN Action Fund. 50CAN is a group describing itself as "an education advocacy organization focused on building the future of American education."[14]

TPSF received $225,000 (28.4% of its total) from Jim Walton. Walton is a businessman with a record of advocacy on school vouchers.[15][16][17]

TPSF's remaining $81,700 (10.3% of its total) was contributed by the Campaign for Great Public Schools, the Virginia-based organization that also funded Excellence in Public Education PAC and Great Public Schools PAC.

Top candidates by support

The five candidates receiving the most support from TPSF included four House candidates and one Senate candidate. All five were Republicans.

Top candidates supported by Tennesseeans for Putting Students First, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Tommy Vallejos Ends.png Republican House $31,020.97 --
Lee Reeves Ends.png Republican House $30,406.00 --
Aron Maberry Ends.png Republican House $28,940.74 --
J. Adam Lowe Ends.png Republican Senate $29,495.96 --
John Gillespie Ends.png Republican House $20,517.16 Member, House Education Administration Committee

Battleground primary involvement

Tennesseans for Putting Students First spent in two of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The TPSF-backed candidate won one of those primaries.

Battleground primary spending by Tennesseans for Putting Students First, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] TPSF win?[6]
District 4 Bobby Harshbarger $6,000.00 Defeatedd
District 18 Ferrell Haile $6,000.00 Green check mark transparent.png


Tennessee Federation for Children PAC

The Tennessee Federation for Children PAC (TFC PAC) had the third-highest fundraising and spending totals of any group Ballotpedia tracked with $1,175,000.00 in fundraising and $763,029.89 in spending. TFC PAC spent 84.1% of its donations on House races, making it one of three groups to spend at least 70% of its funds on House races and the only one to spend more than 80%. TFC PAC was one of three groups Ballotpedia tracked to not spend any money supporting Democrats, alongside Americans for Prosperity Action and the School Freedom Fund.

Overlap with other PACs

Of the eight other groups Ballotpedia tracked, four supported fewer than half of TFC PAC-backed candidates. The lowest rate of overlap was 8.6% with the School Freedom Fund. Two groups supported more than 70% of TFC PAC-backed candidates, with the highest rate of overlap being 77.1% with Tennesseans for Putting Students First.

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

The Tennessee Federation for Children PAC reported receiving all of its contributions from three sources. The group reported receiving $375,000 (31.9% of its total) from the American Federation for Children Action Fund. The American Federation for Children describes itself as "the on-the-ground leader for education freedom. Headquartered in Dallas, Texas and actively working across the United States, AFC elects education reformers, passes high-quality education reforms, and advocates for families by telling their stories."[18]

The group reported receiving $500,000 (42.6% of its total) from the AFC Victory Fund. The AFC Victory Fund is super PAC affiliated with the American Federation for Children that describes its goal as "to support candidates who prioritize education freedom, enabling families to choose the best education for their children."[19]

The group reported receiving its remaining $300,000 in contributions (25.5% of its total) from Jim Walton, a businessman who also supported Tennesseans for Putting Students First.

Top candidates by support

Each of the top five candidates by TFC PAC support were Republicans. All but one were House candidates.

Top candidates supported by Tennessee Federation for Children PAC, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Jon Lundberg Ends.png Republican Senate $64,851.90 Member, Senate Education Committee
Jason Rich Ends.png Republican House $41,310.22 --
Tommy Vallejos Ends.png Republican House $37,689.74 --
William Slater Ends.png Republican House $37,575.38 Vice-chairman, House Education Administration Committee
Gino Bulso Ends.png Republican House $34,351.84 Member, House Education Administration Committee

Battleground primary involvement

The Tennessee Federation for Children PAC spent in all four of the Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The TFC PAC-backed candidate won three of those primaries.

Battleground primary spending by the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] TFC PAC win?[6]
District 2 Tom Hatcher $19,011.13[20] Green check mark transparent.png
District 4 Bobby Harshbarger $64,851.90 Defeatedd
District 8 Jessie Seal $144,080.81[21] Green check mark transparent.png
District 18 Ferrell Haile $38,381.11[22] Green check mark transparent.png

School Freedom Fund

The School Freedom Fund (SFF) raised and spent more than any other group Ballotpedia tracked, being one of four groups to raise at least $1 million and the only tracked group to raise more than $2 million. The School Freedom Fund supported the fewest candidates of any tracked group as one of two groups to support fewer than 20 candidates and the only one supporting fewer than 10. The School Freedom Fund was one of three groups to not spend any money in support of Democrats, alongside Americans for Prosperity Action and the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC.

Overlap with other PACs

Of the eight other groups Ballotpedia tracked, four supported a majority of SFF-backed candidates, with each of the four supporting three of the five SFF-backed candidates. Three other groups supported a single SFF-backed candidate. Great Public Schools PAC did not support any SFF-backed candidates. Great Public Schools PAC and the School Freedom Fund were the only two groups among the nine Ballotpedia analyzed to not have any overlap in candidate support.

Click [show] on the table below for a detailed breakdown of candidate support.

Fundraising sources

The School Freedom Fund reported receiving all of its funds from the national organization of the same name. Associated with the Club for Growth, the national School Freedom Fund describes its mission as supporting "candidates who believe that parents should be in charge of their children’s education, not unelected education bureaucrats."[23] The group said its goal in the Tennessee primaries was "to replicate our results in the Texas primary where we defeated 10 anti-school freedom incumbents."[24] Click here for more information on the Republican legislative primaries in Texas.

Top candidates by support

Each of the five candidates School Freedom Fund supported were Republicans. Three were House candidates.

Top candidates supported by the School Freedom Fund, 2020-2024
Candidate Partisan affiliation Chamber Amount of support Notes
Lee Reeves Ends.png Republican House $482,589.11 --
Aron Maberry Ends.png Republican House $400,075.57 --
Jason Emert Ends.png Republican House $296,457.36 --
Jessie Seal Ends.png Republican Senate $265,716.88 --
Tom Hatcher Ends.png Republican Senate $219,354.28 --

Battleground primary involvement

The School Freedom Fund spent in two of the four Senate Republican primaries Ballotpedia identified as battlegrounds. The SFF-backed candidate won both of those primaries.

Battleground primary spending by the School Freedom Fund, Tennessee State Senate, 2024
District Winner Amount spent[5] SFF win?[6]
District 2 Tom Hatcher $495,623.60[25] Green check mark transparent.png
District 8 Jessie Seal $497,436.76[26] Green check mark transparent.png

Battleground primaries

Ballotpedia identified four of the eight contested Republican primaries as battleground primaries. All had $50,000 or more spent by the nine groups Ballotpedia tracked with a history of recent education-related advocacy. Governor Bill Lee (R) endorsed candidates in two battleground districts. One battleground primary featured competitive fundraising where no one candidate had raised more than two-thirds of the overall funds in the district.

2024 Tennessee Senate Republican battleground primaries
District Incumbent Winner Incumbent running? PAC involvement? Competitive fundraising? Lee endorsement?
District 2 Art Swann Tom Hatcher Defeatedd Green check mark transparent.png Defeatedd Defeatedd
District 4 Jon Lundberg Bobby Harshbarger Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png
District 8 Frank Niceley Jessie Seal Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Defeatedd Defeatedd
District 18 Ferrell Haile Ferrell Haile Green check mark transparent.png Green check mark transparent.png Defeatedd Green check mark transparent.png

District 2

Did the incumbent file to run for re-election?

No

What made this a battleground primary?

Tom Hatcher (R) defeated John Pullias (R) and Bryan Richey (R) in the Republican primary for this open seat. Five of the nine groups Ballotpedia tracked spent a combined $521,634.73 as of the Pre-Primary 2024 campaign finance reports. Excellence in Public Education PAC, the Tennessee Education Association Fund, Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning, and the School Freedom Fund each spent to support Hatcher. Excellence in Public Education PAC also spent a smaller amount in support of Richey. The Tennessee Federation for Children PAC and the School Freedom Fund spent to oppose Richey.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for Tennessee State Senate District 2

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Tom Hatcher
Tom Hatcher
 
72.8
 
12,269
Image of Bryan Richey
Bryan Richey
 
19.2
 
3,239
Image of John Pullias
John Pullias Candidate Connection
 
8.0
 
1,346

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 16,854
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

District 4

Did the incumbent file to run for re-election?

Yes

What made this a battleground primary?

Bobby Harshbarger (R) defeated incumbent Jon Lundberg (R). Six of the nine groups Ballotpedia tracked spent a combined $231,193.11 in the district as of the Pre-Primary 2024, all in support of Lundberg: Americans for Prosperity Action, Excellence in Public Education PAC, Team Kid PAC, Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning, Tennesseans for Putting Students First, and the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC. This was the only battleground primary where no one candidate had more than two-thirds of the overall fundraising; Lundberg raised $615,631.03 to Harshbarger's $403,918.23 as of the Pre-Primary 2024 campaign finance reports. Gov. Bill Lee (R) endorsed Lundberg on May 29, 2024.[27]

Republican primary election

Republican primary for Tennessee State Senate District 4

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Bobby Harshbarger
Bobby Harshbarger
 
52.0
 
11,545
Image of Jon Lundberg
Jon Lundberg
 
48.0
 
10,668

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 22,213
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.


District 8

Did the incumbent file to run for re-election?

Yes

What made this a battleground primary?

Jessie Seal (R) defeated incumbent Frank Niceley (R). As of the Pre-Primary 2024 campaign finance reports, five of the nine groups Ballotpedia tracked had spent a combined $718,565.99 in the district. This was the most the groups spent on any single Senate district in the 2024 cycle. The Tennessee Education Association Fund and Great Public Schools PAC spent in support of Niceley. The School Freedom Fund and Team Kid PAC spent in support of Seal, while the School Freedom Fund and the Tennessee Federation for Children PAC spent to oppose Niceley.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for Tennessee State Senate District 8

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Jessie Seal
Jessie Seal
 
55.6
 
10,200
Image of Frank Niceley
Frank Niceley
 
44.4
 
8,132

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 18,332
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.


District 18

Did the incumbent file to run for re-election?

Yes

What made this a battleground primary?

Incumbent Ferrell Haile (R) defeated challenger Chris Spencer (R). As of the Pre-Primary 2024 campaign finance reports, five of the nine groups Ballotpedia tracked had spent a combined $81,689.57 in the district. Excellence in Public Education PAC, Team Kid PAC, Tennessee Advocates for Early Learning, and Tennesseans for Putting Students First each spent in support of Haile. The Tennessee Federation for Children PAC spent against Spencer. Gov. Bill Lee (R) endorsed Haile on May 31, 2024.[28]

Republican primary election

Republican primary for Tennessee State Senate District 18

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Ferrell Haile
Ferrell Haile
 
59.2
 
9,685
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Chris Spencer
 
40.8
 
6,684

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 16,369
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Process to become a candidate

See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Tennessee

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Chapter 2-5 and Chapter 2-7 of the Tennessee Code

State legislative candidates

A candidate running for the state legislature, whether partisan or independent, must adhere to the same ballot access requirements, which are detailed below.

  1. The candidate must obtain a nominating petition from a county election commission office or the office of the state coordinator of elections.[29][30]
  2. The nominating petition must be signed by the candidate and at least 25 voters who are registered in the candidate's district.[29][30]
  3. The signer of a petition must include the address shown on his or her voter registration card in order for his or her signature to be counted.[30]
  4. The candidate must file the original nominating petition in the office of the county election commission by the first Thursday of April in his or her county of residence. The candidate must also file a certified duplicate in the county election commission office in each county wholly or partially within the candidate's district. This requirement applies to both political party candidates running in the primary and independent candidates running in the general election.[29][30]
  5. There are no filing fees.

Federal and statewide office

A partisan or independent candidate for governor, United States Representative, or United States Senator must obtain a nominating petition from a county election commission office or the office of the state coordinator of elections.[31][32]

  1. The nominating petition must be signed by at least 25 voters who are registered anywhere in Tennessee.[31][33]
  2. The signer of a petition must include the address shown on his or her voter registration card in order for the signature to be counted.[30]
  3. The candidate must file the nominating petition no later than noon on the first Thursday of April.[31][33]
  4. The candidate must file the original nominating petition in the office of the Tennessee State Election Commission. The candidate must also file a certified duplicate in the office of the state coordinator of elections. Both of these must be received by the qualifying deadline.[31][33]
  5. There are no filing fees.

For write-in candidates

In order to have his or her votes tallied, a write-in candidate must file a certificate of write-in candidacy no later than noon on the 50th day before the general election in each county that makes up the district of the listed office. For the offices of governor, United States Senator, and United States Representative, this form must be filed with the Tennessee Coordinator of Elections.[34][35]

Qualifications

See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

To be eligible to serve in the Tennessee State Senate, a candidate must be:[36]

  • A U.S. citizen
  • 30 years old before the general election
  • A three-year resident of Tennessee before the general election
  • A district resident for 1 year prior to the general election
  • A qualified voter
  • The following situations would eliminate a candidate from qualifying for office:
    • Those who have been convicted of offering or giving a bribe, or of larceny, or any other offense declared infamous by law, unless restored to citizenship in the mode pointed out by law;
    • Those against whom there is a judgment unpaid for any moneys received by them, in any official capacity, due to the United States, to this state, or any county thereof;
    • Those who are defaulters to the treasury at the time of the election, and the election of any such person shall be void;
    • Soldiers, seamen, marines, or airmen in the regular army or navy or air force of the United States; and
    • Members of congress, and persons holding any office of profit or trust under any foreign power, other state of the union, or under the United States.

Salaries and per diem

See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
State legislative salaries, 2024[37]
SalaryPer diem
$28,405.96/year$326.47/day. Legislators living within 50 miles of the Capitol receive a reduced amount of $47 per day.

When sworn in

See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

Tennessee legislators assume office on the day they are elected in the general election.[38]

Tennessee political history

Trifectas

A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.

Tennessee Party Control: 1992-2024
Five years of Democratic trifectas  •  Fourteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Senate D D D D R D D D D D D D D R R S S R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

Presidential politics in Tennessee

2020

See also: Presidential election, 2020


Presidential election in Tennessee, 2020
 
Candidate/Running mate
%
Popular votes
Electoral votes
✔
Image of
Image of
Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R)
 
60.7
 
1,852,475 11
Image of
Image of
Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D)
 
37.5
 
1,143,711 0
Image of
Image of
Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (Independent)
 
1.0
 
29,877 0
Image of
Image of
Ye/Michelle Tidball (Independent)
 
0.3
 
10,279 0
Image of
Image of
Don Blankenship/William Mohr (Independent)
 
0.2
 
5,365 0
Image of
Image of
Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker (Independent)
 
0.1
 
4,545 0
Image of
Image of
Alyson Kennedy/Malcolm Jarrett (Independent)
 
0.1
 
2,576 0
Image of
Image of
Gloria La Riva/Sunil Freeman (Independent)
 
0.1
 
2,301 0
Image of
Image of
Roque De La Fuente/Darcy Richardson (Independent)
 
0.1
 
1,860 0
  Other write-in votes
 
0.0
 
862 0

Incumbents are bolded and underlined The results have been certified.

Total votes: 3,053,851


2016

See also: Presidential election, 2016
U.S. presidential election, Tennessee, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes Electoral votes
     Democratic Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine 34.7% 870,695 0
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Trump/Mike Pence 60.7% 1,522,925 11
     Libertarian Gary Johnson/Bill Weld 2.8% 70,397 0
     Green Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka 0.6% 15,993 0
     Independent Rocky De La Fuente/Michael Steinberg 0.2% 4,075 0
     Independent Alyson Kennedy/Osborne Hart 0.1% 2,877 0
     Independent Mike Smith/Daniel White 0.3% 7,276 0
     - Write-in votes 0.5% 13,789 0
Total Votes 2,508,027 11
Election results via: Tennessee Secretary of State


Tennessee presidential election results (1900-2024)

  • 15 Democratic wins
  • 17 Republican wins
Year 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
Winning Party D D D D D R D R D D D D D R R R D R R D R R R D D R R R R R R R


2024 battleground elections

See also: Battlegrounds

This was a battleground election. Other 2024 battleground elections included:

See also

Tennessee State Legislative Elections News and Analysis
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Tennessee State Executive Offices
Tennessee State Legislature
Tennessee Courts
State legislative elections:
2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014
Tennessee elections:
2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015
Primary elections in Tennessee
Party control of state government
State government trifectas
Partisan composition of state legislatures
Partisan composition of state senates
Partisan composition of state houses

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Chalkbeat, "Tennessee’s universal school voucher plan is dead for now, governor acknowledges," April 22, 2024
  2. ↑ Tennessee Lookout, "Tennessee’s school voucher debate turns to competitive Republican state House and Senate primaries," May 2, 2024
  3. ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
  4. ↑ AFP Action, "About Us," accessed August 13, 2024
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Includes direct contributions to a candidate's campaign as well as in-kind contributions and independent expenditures.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 This analysis considers an organization to have won a primary if the organization spent in support of the winning candidate or if the organization spent to oppose a losing candidate without spending money in support of or opposition to the winning candidate.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 ProPublica, "Campaign For Great Public Schools - Full text of "Full Filing" for fiscal year ending June 2019," accessed May 30, 2024
  8. ↑ Includes $2,000.00 spent to support Hatcher as well as $1,000.00 spent to support Richey.
  9. ↑ Stands for doing business as
  10. ↑ Chalkbeat, "The City Fund’s next steps: These 7 cities are the focus of the biggest new education player," December 9, 2018
  11. ↑ Tennesseans for Student Success, "Home page," accessed May 30, 2024
  12. ↑ Tennessee Bureau of Ethics and Campaign Finance, "PAC FAQs," accessed May 31, 2024
  13. ↑ Tennesseans for Quality Early Education, "About TQEE," accessed May 31, 2024
  14. ↑ 50CAN, "About 50CAN," accessed May 31, 2024
  15. ↑ Crain's Chicago Business, "Walmart heirs pour money into pro-charter school groups backing Paul Vallas," April 3, 2023
  16. ↑ EducationWeek, "Walton Family Puts Stamp on Education Landscape," November 4, 2008
  17. ↑ Arkansas Times, "Jim Walton gives $500K to defend Arkansas school vouchers from ballot measure," May 16, 2024
  18. ↑ American Federation for Children, "Home page," accessed May 31, 2024
  19. ↑ American Federation for Children, "AFC Announces Launch of Affiliated “AFC Victory Fund” Super PAC," May 28, 2024
  20. ↑ Spent to oppose Bryan Richey.
  21. ↑ Spent to oppose Frank Niceley.
  22. ↑ Spent to oppose Chris Spencer.
  23. ↑ The Club for Growth, "School Freedom Fund," accessed August 19, 2024
  24. ↑ The Club for Growth, "BREAKING: School Freedom Fund Announces Multi-Million Dollar Investment in TN State Level Races," July 15, 2024
  25. ↑ Includes $276,269.32 spent to oppose Bryan Richey and $219,354.28 spent to support Hatcher.
  26. ↑ Includes $265,716.88 spent to support Seal and $231,719.88 spent to oppose Frank Niceley.
  27. ↑ Facebook, "Bill Lee on May 29, 2024," accessed May 31, 2024
  28. ↑ Facebook, "Bill Lee on May 31, 2024," accessed May 31, 2024
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Tennessee Department of Elections, "Qualifying Procedures for Candidates for Tennessee House of Representatives," accessed April 29, 2025
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Tennessee Code, "Chapter 2-5-101," accessed April 29, 2025
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Tennessee Department of Elections, "Qualifying Procedures for Candidates for Governor," accessed April 29, 2025
  32. ↑ Tennessee Code, "Chapter 2-5-103," accessed April 29, 2025
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Tennessee Secretary of State, "Qualifying Procedures for United States Senate Tennessee Candidates for United States Senate," accessed April 29, 2025
  34. ↑ Tennessee Department of Elections, "Write-In Candidacy Form," accessed April 29, 2025
  35. ↑ Tennessee Code, "Chapter 2-7-133," accessed April 29, 2025
  36. ↑ Tennessee Secretary of State, "Qualifications for elected offices in Tennessee," accessed December 18, 2013
  37. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
  38. ↑ Tennessee Constitution, "Article II, Section 3," accessed November 1, 2021


Current members of the Tennessee State Senate
Leadership
Senate President:Randy McNally
Minority Leader:Raumesh Akbari
Senators
District 1
J. Lowe (R)
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
District 10
District 11
Bo Watson (R)
District 12
Ken Yager (R)
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
Mark Pody (R)
District 18
District 19
District 20
District 21
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
Sara Kyle (D)
District 31
District 32
Paul Rose (R)
District 33
Republican Party (27)
Democratic Party (6)


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