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Texas' 13th Congressional District election, 2020 (July 14 Republican primary runoff)
- Primary runoff date: July 14
- Primary type: Open
- Registration deadline(s): Unknown
- Online registration: No
- Same-day registration: No
- Early voting starts: July 6
- Absentee/mail voting deadline(s): Unknown
- Voter ID: Photo ID
- Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Polling places: Polling locations are subject to change. Click here to access the state's official polling site locator. For more information, contact your state election officials.
Ronny Jackson defeated Josh Winegarner in the Republican primary runoff for Texas' 13th Congressional District on July 14, 2020. Jackson received 55.6% of the vote to Winegarner's 44.4%, advancing to the general election on November 3, 2020. In the 15-candidate Republican primary on March 3, Winegarner received 38.8% of the vote to Jackson's 19.9%.
President Donald Trump (R), U.S. Sens. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) and Josh Hawley (R-Mo.), and former Texas Gov. Rick Perry (R) endorsed Jackson. Jackson, who served as physician to the president for Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump, said he would "bring influence and access to the district that is about to go away when the current representative of 26 years retires," citing what he described as his "strong relationships with the Executive Office of the President ... and most importantly President Trump."[1]
Incumbent Rep. Mac Thornberry (R), who did not seek re-election, endorsed Winegarner, along with U.S. Reps. Mike Conaway (R-Texas), Lance Gooden (R-Texas), and Kenny Marchant (R-Texas). Winegarner highlighted his personal background in the 13th District and said that he "knows first-hand the struggles of the farmers, ranchers, and small business owners who drive our economy."[2]
Thornberry, who was first elected in 1994, won his last election in 2018 by a margin of victory of 65 percentage points. Major independent observers rated the general election as solid Republican or safe Republican. The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+33, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 33 percentage points more Republican than the national average. Click here to learn more about what was at stake in the general election.
Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:
![]() Jackson |
![]() Winegarner |
For more information about the Democratic primary, click here.
For more information about the general election, click here.
Election procedure changes in 2020
Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.
Texas modified its primary election process as follows:
- Election postponements: The primary runoff elections were postponed from May 26 to July 14.
- Political party events: The Republican Party of Texas convention, scheduled for July 16-18 in Houston, was cancelled. The party conducted its convention online.
For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.
Candidates and election results
Republican primary runoff election
Republican primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 13
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Ronny L. Jackson | 55.6 | 36,684 |
![]() | Josh Winegarner | 44.4 | 29,327 |
Total votes: 66,011 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways. Either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey or Ballotpedia staff created a profile after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[3] Ballotpedia staff compiled profiles based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Biography: Jackson graduated from Texas A&M University with a B.S. in marine biology in 1991 and earned an M.D. from the University of Texas Medical Branch in 1995. He then began active duty naval service and completed his internship and residency. Jackson was deployed to Iraq with the 2nd Marines in 2005. In 2006, he was appointed to serve as White House physician in the George W. Bush administration and later appointed as physician to the president for Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump. Trump nominated Jackson to serve as secretary of veterans affairs; Jackson withdrew his nomination in April 2018. Jackson retired from the Navy in 2019.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Texas District 13 in 2020.
Party: Republican Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Biography: Winegarner attended McMurry University and Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Texas. He was the director of communications for U.S. Sen. Phil Gramm (R-Texas) and an agriculture, trade, and small business policy advisor for U.S. Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas). At the time of his 2020 campaign, Winegarner was the director of industry affairs for the Texas Cattle Feeders Association (TCFA). He was previously the TCFA's director of government relations.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. House Texas District 13 in 2020.
Noteworthy primary endorsements
Runoff endorsements
This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.
Endorsements made after the March 3 primary and ahead of the July 14 runoff are shown in the table below. The "Previous endorsee" column shows when a runoff endorsement came from a person or group that endorsed a different candidate in the primary election.
To view endorsement lists on the candidates' websites, click the links below:
Runoff election endorsements | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endorsement | Jackson | Winegarner | Previous endorsee | |||
Newspapers and editorials | ||||||
The Amarillo Pioneer publisher's committee[4] | ✔ | Chris Ekstrom | ||||
Elected officials | ||||||
U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.)[5] | ✔ | -- | ||||
U.S. Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.)[6] | ✔ | -- | ||||
U.S. Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.)[7] | ✔ | -- | ||||
U.S. Rep. Lance Gooden (R-Texas)[8] | ✔ | -- | ||||
U.S. Rep. Darrell Issa (R-Calif.)[7] | ✔ | -- | ||||
U.S. Rep. Kenny Marchant (R-Texas)[9] | ✔ | -- | ||||
U.S. Rep. Steve Stivers (R-Ohio)[10] | ✔ | -- | ||||
U.S. Rep. Brad Wenstrup (R-Ohio)[7] | ✔ | -- | ||||
Individuals | ||||||
2020 Republican primary candidate Chris Ekstrom[11] | ✔ | -- | ||||
2020 Republican primary candidate Jason Foglesong[12] | ✔ | -- | ||||
2020 Republican primary candidate Vance Snider II[13] | ✔ | -- | ||||
Organizations | ||||||
American Conservative Union[14] | ✔ | -- | ||||
Club for Growth PAC[15] | ✔ | Chris Ekstrom | ||||
Defend Our Nation[16] | ✔ | -- | ||||
The Guardian Fund[17] | ✔ | -- | ||||
SEAL PAC[18] | ✔ | -- |
Primary endorsements
This section includes noteworthy endorsements issued in the primary, added as we learn about them. Click here to read how we define noteworthy primary endorsements. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.
Republican primary endorsements | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endorsement | Ekstrom | Hays | Jackson | Winegarner | ||
Newspapers and editorials | ||||||
The Amarillo Pioneer publisher's committee[19] | ✔ | |||||
Elected officials | ||||||
President Donald Trump (R)[20] | ✔ | |||||
U.S. Rep. Mac Thornberry (R-Texas)[21] | ✔ | |||||
U.S. Rep. Andy Biggs (R-Ariz.)[22] | ✔ | |||||
U.S. Rep. Ron Wright (R-Texas)[23] | ✔ | |||||
U.S. Rep. Mo Brooks (R-Ala.)[24] | ✔ | |||||
U.S. Rep. Mike Conaway (R-Texas)[25] | ✔ | |||||
Organizations | ||||||
American Quarter Horse Association PAC[26] | ✔ | |||||
Club for Growth[27] | ✔ | |||||
National Association for Gun Rights PAC[28] | ✔ | |||||
National Cattlemen & Beef Association PAC[26] | ✔ | |||||
National Sorghum Producers Association PAC[26] | ✔ | |||||
National Turkey Federation PAC[26] | ✔ | |||||
Maggie's List[29] | ✔ |
Timeline
2020
Campaign themes
- See also: Campaign themes
Ronny Jackson
Jackson’s campaign website stated the following:
“ |
I support strong protected borders. I will work hard to push serious and strong immigration reform that limits the number of immigrants and refugees that can legally enter our country. Only those that are vetted, screened, and go through the legal process should be allowed to enter. I will work tirelessly to prevent anyone from entering our country illegally. I have spent time on the southern border while working as a Senior Advisor for President Trump and I understand the issues and I know the answers. Additionally, I support the border wall. The men and women of Customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), need the wall in place to effectively do their job and protect us from criminals, gang members, drug smugglers, and human traffickers that continue to cross our border every day. Immigration is a national security issue and should not be used as a political tool by the left. I will defend our right to keep and bear arms. I believe that law abiding citizens of this country should be able to have guns in their homes and carry them in public. I am a member of the NRA and have been a gun owner my entire life. I will work to ensure that no one can take away or limit our ability to defend ourselves or our constitutional right to our guns. I am Pro-Life and I will staunchly defend the life of the unborn. Every life is a blessing from God, and we must treat all life as sacred and do everything possible to protect it. I will work hard to lower healthcare cost. Health insurance, medical care, and the drugs that Americans rely on for their health and well-being are all far too expensive. The cost of healthcare is far outpacing the income for most people in this country. I will work to eliminate the monopolies in healthcare, continue to promote transparency in billing, reform pharmaceutical pricing and bring down the cost of drugs, and protect Americans from the liberal agenda and the socialist healthcare plans of the left. I support term limits for all members of congress and if elected I will pledge to serve no more than 4 terms or 8 years. In addition, I will support legislation to establish term limits for every member of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. I will aggressively support our veterans. We should consider our veterans a national treasure and we must make sure they get the benefits and services they have earned while defending our country and keeping us all safe. I am in favor of a strong national defense and will work to protect and maintain our military dominance. We have the greatest, strongest, and most capable military on the planet. This fact alone serves as powerful deterrence to those who would do us harm. We must support our military. I will protect the industry of this district and work tirelessly to support farmers, ranchers, the oil and gas industry, Bell Helicopter, Sheppard Air Force Base, Weber Aircraft, Pantex, and other industries critical to the economy of the 13th congressional district. All these industries are not only important to the district but are also directly related to our national defense and to a strong national economy. I will pledge to promote and grow these industries in the district. I am fiscally conservative, and I will work to limit government spending and reduce our national debt. I am a proponent of small federal government and states rights. I will work hard to limit the size of the federal government and the burdensome regulations and bureaucracy it often imposes on its citizens. These regulations stifle economic growth, impinge on the rights of property owners, disadvantage small business owners, and are sometimes used as political tools by the liberals in government. I am in favor of reforming our education system. The primary education of our children should be a local and state issue. The federal government should not be able to mandate and promote the liberal agenda of other parts of the country on our schools in the state of Texas and the 13th Congressional District. Higher education at the college and university level should be more affordable and cost-effective education at junior colleges and trade schools should be encouraged and available for those who don’t seek the traditional university pathway.[40] |
” |
—Ronny Jackson[41] |
Josh Winegarner
Winegarner's campaign website stated the following:
“ |
Defending Our Border Josh knows our National Security requires strong Border Security. He will fight to help President Trump build the wall and protect our families from dangerous drug cartels, and stop illegal immigration. Supporting Agriculture Helping Texas farmers and ranchers has been a core principle of Josh’s entire career. The agricultural industry is vital to the families of our district. And now more than ever we need a strong voice in Congress that understands the needs of agriculture businesses to stand up to the special interests that want threaten them. Providing a Local Voice As a native of the Panhandle who has built a career defending our interests and is raising a family here, Josh knows what we need our Congressman to fight for. This is why he has earned the endorsement of the most respected leaders from our area including Congressman Mac Thornberry, State Senator Charles Perry, Former State Rep. Warren Chisum, and Former Mayor of Wichita FalIs Kay Yeager. Preserving Christian Values & Protecting Innocent Life Josh has been guided by his deep Christian faith his whole life. These Christian values form the foundation for Josh’s decision making and will continue to do so as our Congressman. Josh is a strong Pro-Life conservative who will stop tax dollar funded abortions, and is endorsed by Texas Alliance for Life. Defending The Constitution Our constitutional rights are being attacked daily by Washington liberals. Josh knows how to fight against these attacks and will ensure our 2nd Amendment right to bear arms, and religious freedoms to practice our faith without interference are not infringed upon. Providing a Strong National Defense Our national security faces serious challenges from those around the world that would like to see our nation harmed. Like the Chinese communist leaders who caused the Coronavirus pandemic by lying about its spread and covering it up. Josh will take the steps needed to defend our country from China and others that seek to do us harm.
|
” |
Campaign advertisements
This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.
Ronny Jackson
Supporting Jackson
|
|
Opposing Winegarner
|
Josh Winegarner
Opposing Jackson
|
|
A sample ad from the candidate's Facebook page is embedded below. Click here to see the candidate's Facebook Video page.
Satellite group ads
Click "show" to the right to see satellite group ads. | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Supporting Jackson
Opposing Jackson Supporting Winegarner Opposing Winegarner
|
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
If you are aware of polls conducted in this race, please email us.
Campaign finance
The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.
There are currently no declared candidates in this race. Know of one we missed? Click here to let us know.
Satellite spending
- See also: Satellite spending
Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[43][44][45]
This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.
- Club for Growth, which endorsed Jackson, said it would spend $179,250 on an ad campaign running June 3-16, 2020.[35]
- Future Leaders Fund, a political action committee associated with U.S. Rep. Will Hurd (R), announced on April 29, 2020, that it would launch an ad campaign opposing Jackson.[36]
- Miles of Greatness Fund spent at least $203,000 on an ad campaign supporting Jackson. Daily Kos reported the spending on June 19, 2020.[48]
Debates and forums
June 24, 2020
Jackson and Winegarner participated in a televised debate hosted by KFDX and KMAR.
Coverage:
June 15, 2020
Jackson and Winegarner participated in a debate hosted by the Wichita County Republican Women.
Coverage:
June 4, 2020
Jackson and Winegarner participated in a debate hosted by the Wichita Falls Tea Party.
Coverage:
Primaries in Texas
A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Texas utilizes an open primary system. Voters do not have to register with a party in advance in order to participate in that party's primary. The voter must sign a pledge stating the following (the language below is taken directly from state statutes)[49]
“ | The following pledge shall be placed on the primary election ballot above the listing of candidates' names: 'I am a (insert appropriate political party) and understand that I am ineligible to vote or participate in another political party's primary election or convention during this voting year.'[40] | ” |
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Runoff elections in Texas
In Texas, a primary election candidate for congressional, state, or county office must receive a majority of the vote (more than 50%) to be declared the winner. If no candidate wins the requisite majority, a runoff election is held between the top two vote-getters.[50]
As of 2020, the Texas Secretary of State office stated, "There is no requirement to have previously voted in the general primary election in order to participate in the subsequent primary runoff election. Therefore, if a qualified voter did not vote in the general primary election, they are still eligible to vote in the primary runoff election." The office also stated that "if a voter votes in the primary of one party, they will only be able to vote in that party’s primary runoff election. ... After being affiliated with a party, a voter is not able to change or cancel their party affiliation until the end of the calendar year."[51]
What was at stake in the general election?
U.S. House elections were held on November 3, 2020, and coincided with the 2020 presidential election. All 435 House districts were up for election, and the results determined control of the U.S. House in the 117th Congress.
At the time of the election, Democrats had a 232-197 advantage over Republicans. There was one Libertarian member, and there were five vacancies. Republicans needed to gain a net 21 seats to win control of the House. Democrats needed to gain seats or lose fewer than 14 net seats to keep their majority.
In the 2018 midterm election, Democrats had a net gain of 40 seats, winning a 235-200 majority in the House. Heading into the 2018 election, Republicans had a 235-193 majority with seven vacancies.
In the 25 previous House elections that coincided with a presidential election, the president's party had gained House seats in 16 elections and lost seats in nine. In years where the president's party won districts, the average gain was 18. In years where the president's party lost districts, the average loss was 27. Click here for more information on presidential partisanship and down-ballot outcomes.
General election race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[52]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[53][54][55]
Race ratings: Texas' 13th Congressional District election, 2020 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
November 3, 2020 | October 27, 2020 | October 20, 2020 | October 13, 2020 | ||||||
The Cook Political Report | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season. |
District analysis
- See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
- See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores
The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+33, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 33 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 13th Congressional District the most Republican nationally.[56]
FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.01. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.01 points toward that party.[57]
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
One of 254 Texas counties—0.4 percent—is a Pivot County. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | Trump margin of victory in 2016 | Obama margin of victory in 2012 | Obama margin of victory in 2008 | ||||
Jefferson County, Texas | 0.48% | 1.61% | 2.25% |
In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Texas with 52.2 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 43.2 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Texas cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 66.7 percent of the time. In that same time frame, Texas supported Democratic candidates slightly more often than Republicans, 53.3 to 46.7 percent. The state, however, favored Republicans in every presidential election between 2000 and 2016.
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Texas. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[58][59]
In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 54 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 37.4 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 65 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 36.4 points. Clinton won 10 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 96 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 36.2 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 85 out of 150 state House districts in Texas with an average margin of victory of 34.5 points. |
2016 presidential results by state House district | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
1 | 26.82% | 72.17% | R+45.3 | 22.76% | 75.13% | R+52.4 | R |
2 | 20.93% | 77.91% | R+57 | 17.59% | 79.78% | R+62.2 | R |
3 | 22.26% | 76.65% | R+54.4 | 21.37% | 75.80% | R+54.4 | R |
4 | 25.04% | 73.93% | R+48.9 | 22.70% | 74.70% | R+52 | R |
5 | 23.75% | 75.33% | R+51.6 | 20.20% | 77.72% | R+57.5 | R |
6 | 28.44% | 70.49% | R+42 | 28.89% | 67.98% | R+39.1 | R |
7 | 27.14% | 71.97% | R+44.8 | 24.48% | 73.09% | R+48.6 | R |
8 | 24.96% | 74.07% | R+49.1 | 21.12% | 76.63% | R+55.5 | R |
9 | 27.47% | 71.73% | R+44.3 | 22.23% | 76.13% | R+53.9 | R |
10 | 25.56% | 73.21% | R+47.7 | 25.20% | 71.62% | R+46.4 | R |
11 | 26.75% | 72.23% | R+45.5 | 24.48% | 72.79% | R+48.3 | R |
12 | 36.06% | 62.67% | R+26.6 | 32.54% | 64.35% | R+31.8 | R |
13 | 22.71% | 76.25% | R+53.5 | 20.47% | 77.18% | R+56.7 | R |
14 | 34.77% | 62.91% | R+28.1 | 38.79% | 54.03% | R+15.2 | R |
15 | 21.79% | 76.77% | R+55 | 28.86% | 66.69% | R+37.8 | R |
16 | 18.22% | 80.76% | R+62.5 | 18.80% | 78.35% | R+59.5 | R |
17 | 37.30% | 60.79% | R+23.5 | 33.92% | 62.02% | R+28.1 | R |
18 | 27.18% | 71.69% | R+44.5 | 23.96% | 73.47% | R+49.5 | R |
19 | 22.22% | 76.79% | R+54.6 | 17.21% | 81.00% | R+63.8 | R |
20 | 26.22% | 72.13% | R+45.9 | 25.81% | 70.27% | R+44.5 | R |
21 | 23.92% | 74.97% | R+51.1 | 21.50% | 76.09% | R+54.6 | R |
22 | 66.82% | 32.57% | D+34.3 | 65.95% | 31.80% | D+34.1 | D |
23 | 44.24% | 54.56% | R+10.3 | 40.89% | 55.86% | R+15 | R |
24 | 25.11% | 73.48% | R+48.4 | 27.42% | 68.20% | R+40.8 | R |
25 | 28.74% | 69.92% | R+41.2 | 27.55% | 69.14% | R+41.6 | R |
26 | 35.86% | 62.95% | R+27.1 | 45.81% | 50.71% | R+4.9 | R |
27 | 68.80% | 30.44% | D+38.4 | 70.03% | 27.23% | D+42.8 | D |
28 | 34.81% | 64.22% | R+29.4 | 43.01% | 53.21% | R+10.2 | R |
29 | 35.44% | 63.32% | R+27.9 | 41.21% | 54.83% | R+13.6 | R |
30 | 30.24% | 68.64% | R+38.4 | 26.80% | 70.36% | R+43.6 | R |
31 | 61.89% | 37.31% | D+24.6 | 55.47% | 42.31% | D+13.2 | D |
32 | 41.43% | 56.92% | R+15.5 | 42.04% | 53.45% | R+11.4 | R |
33 | 26.49% | 72.25% | R+45.8 | 31.27% | 64.67% | R+33.4 | R |
34 | 54.64% | 44.24% | D+10.4 | 53.40% | 43.18% | D+10.2 | D |
35 | 66.43% | 32.71% | D+33.7 | 63.43% | 33.59% | D+29.8 | D |
36 | 74.73% | 24.41% | D+50.3 | 73.70% | 23.21% | D+50.5 | D |
37 | 69.28% | 29.75% | D+39.5 | 68.98% | 27.77% | D+41.2 | D |
38 | 66.13% | 32.95% | D+33.2 | 65.76% | 30.74% | D+35 | D |
39 | 74.02% | 25.10% | D+48.9 | 70.48% | 26.40% | D+44.1 | D |
40 | 75.32% | 23.68% | D+51.6 | 70.73% | 25.91% | D+44.8 | D |
41 | 56.64% | 42.35% | D+14.3 | 59.53% | 36.87% | D+22.7 | D |
42 | 75.54% | 23.57% | D+52 | 73.73% | 23.49% | D+50.2 | D |
43 | 46.96% | 52.09% | R+5.1 | 43.79% | 53.10% | R+9.3 | R |
44 | 30.83% | 67.97% | R+37.1 | 30.22% | 65.99% | R+35.8 | R |
45 | 41.83% | 55.19% | R+13.4 | 44.53% | 49.14% | R+4.6 | R |
46 | 76.62% | 20.14% | D+56.5 | 78.16% | 16.34% | D+61.8 | D |
47 | 39.32% | 58.05% | R+18.7 | 46.98% | 47.16% | R+0.2 | R |
48 | 56.86% | 39.56% | D+17.3 | 65.17% | 28.12% | D+37 | D |
49 | 70.19% | 24.89% | D+45.3 | 76.63% | 16.65% | D+60 | D |
50 | 57.79% | 38.81% | D+19 | 63.38% | 30.05% | D+33.3 | D |
51 | 78.49% | 17.43% | D+61.1 | 79.52% | 14.04% | D+65.5 | D |
52 | 42.57% | 54.91% | R+12.3 | 46.12% | 47.56% | R+1.4 | R |
53 | 22.29% | 76.50% | R+54.2 | 20.74% | 76.30% | R+55.6 | R |
54 | 45.85% | 53.04% | R+7.2 | 44.07% | 51.07% | R+7 | R |
55 | 33.08% | 65.48% | R+32.4 | 31.96% | 63.28% | R+31.3 | R |
56 | 29.70% | 69.02% | R+39.3 | 31.16% | 64.82% | R+33.7 | R |
57 | 25.97% | 73.09% | R+47.1 | 22.50% | 75.69% | R+53.2 | R |
58 | 21.12% | 77.52% | R+56.4 | 18.84% | 77.90% | R+59.1 | R |
59 | 21.36% | 77.31% | R+56 | 19.19% | 77.44% | R+58.2 | R |
60 | 15.70% | 83.09% | R+67.4 | 13.33% | 84.19% | R+70.9 | R |
61 | 16.19% | 82.54% | R+66.3 | 14.49% | 82.74% | R+68.3 | R |
62 | 24.72% | 73.77% | R+49.1 | 20.89% | 76.05% | R+55.2 | R |
63 | 26.39% | 72.13% | R+45.7 | 30.22% | 65.26% | R+35 | R |
64 | 37.33% | 60.30% | R+23 | 40.00% | 54.49% | R+14.5 | R |
65 | 40.84% | 57.52% | R+16.7 | 46.51% | 48.62% | R+2.1 | R |
66 | 37.46% | 61.15% | R+23.7 | 46.24% | 49.45% | R+3.2 | R |
67 | 37.26% | 61.08% | R+23.8 | 44.69% | 50.41% | R+5.7 | R |
68 | 17.78% | 81.15% | R+63.4 | 14.23% | 83.37% | R+69.1 | R |
69 | 23.27% | 75.20% | R+51.9 | 20.26% | 76.12% | R+55.9 | R |
70 | 29.25% | 69.37% | R+40.1 | 32.82% | 62.78% | R+30 | R |
71 | 22.84% | 75.76% | R+52.9 | 21.49% | 74.23% | R+52.7 | R |
72 | 23.33% | 75.26% | R+51.9 | 21.45% | 74.81% | R+53.4 | R |
73 | 20.22% | 78.37% | R+58.2 | 21.25% | 75.11% | R+53.9 | R |
74 | 56.99% | 41.57% | D+15.4 | 56.27% | 39.58% | D+16.7 | D |
75 | 72.33% | 26.62% | D+45.7 | 73.74% | 21.38% | D+52.4 | D |
76 | 76.91% | 21.86% | D+55.1 | 77.93% | 17.86% | D+60.1 | D |
77 | 64.07% | 34.29% | D+29.8 | 68.79% | 25.97% | D+42.8 | D |
78 | 54.41% | 44.15% | D+10.3 | 59.28% | 35.16% | D+24.1 | D |
79 | 64.73% | 34.12% | D+30.6 | 68.62% | 26.73% | D+41.9 | D |
80 | 68.25% | 30.91% | D+37.3 | 65.06% | 32.31% | D+32.7 | D |
81 | 24.20% | 74.66% | R+50.5 | 26.33% | 70.49% | R+44.2 | R |
82 | 19.38% | 79.31% | R+59.9 | 20.58% | 75.76% | R+55.2 | R |
83 | 21.27% | 77.50% | R+56.2 | 19.94% | 76.49% | R+56.5 | R |
84 | 34.95% | 63.28% | R+28.3 | 35.12% | 59.58% | R+24.5 | R |
85 | 37.99% | 61.03% | R+23 | 41.09% | 56.10% | R+15 | R |
86 | 16.18% | 82.55% | R+66.4 | 16.16% | 80.17% | R+64 | R |
87 | 22.12% | 76.56% | R+54.4 | 21.74% | 74.43% | R+52.7 | R |
88 | 19.06% | 79.89% | R+60.8 | 16.48% | 80.59% | R+64.1 | R |
89 | 31.79% | 66.67% | R+34.9 | 36.08% | 59.03% | R+23 | R |
90 | 73.70% | 25.21% | D+48.5 | 74.97% | 21.48% | D+53.5 | D |
91 | 30.45% | 67.90% | R+37.5 | 32.14% | 63.08% | R+30.9 | R |
92 | 37.22% | 61.08% | R+23.9 | 40.54% | 54.66% | R+14.1 | R |
93 | 38.26% | 60.21% | R+21.9 | 40.40% | 54.84% | R+14.4 | R |
94 | 38.10% | 60.29% | R+22.2 | 40.87% | 54.30% | R+13.4 | R |
95 | 76.11% | 22.99% | D+53.1 | 74.24% | 22.89% | D+51.4 | D |
96 | 40.22% | 58.60% | R+18.4 | 42.55% | 53.74% | R+11.2 | R |
97 | 38.92% | 59.59% | R+20.7 | 42.59% | 52.42% | R+9.8 | R |
98 | 23.57% | 75.01% | R+51.4 | 28.91% | 66.33% | R+37.4 | R |
99 | 30.70% | 67.69% | R+37 | 32.12% | 63.36% | R+31.2 | R |
100 | 77.89% | 21.07% | D+56.8 | 77.24% | 19.30% | D+57.9 | D |
101 | 64.01% | 34.87% | D+29.1 | 66.06% | 30.36% | D+35.7 | D |
102 | 45.32% | 53.02% | R+7.7 | 52.27% | 42.74% | D+9.5 | R |
103 | 69.87% | 28.77% | D+41.1 | 73.55% | 22.33% | D+51.2 | D |
104 | 72.70% | 26.36% | D+46.3 | 75.60% | 20.85% | D+54.7 | D |
105 | 46.48% | 52.14% | R+5.7 | 52.13% | 43.60% | D+8.5 | R |
106 | 30.86% | 67.69% | R+36.8 | 35.83% | 59.70% | R+23.9 | R |
107 | 46.89% | 51.83% | R+4.9 | 52.37% | 43.40% | D+9 | D |
108 | 39.31% | 58.99% | R+19.7 | 50.32% | 44.01% | D+6.3 | R |
109 | 81.75% | 17.68% | D+64.1 | 81.55% | 16.42% | D+65.1 | D |
110 | 88.74% | 10.77% | D+78 | 86.76% | 11.25% | D+75.5 | D |
111 | 77.24% | 22.06% | D+55.2 | 77.40% | 20.17% | D+57.2 | D |
112 | 43.50% | 55.03% | R+11.5 | 48.28% | 47.10% | D+1.2 | R |
113 | 46.31% | 52.53% | R+6.2 | 49.13% | 47.23% | D+1.9 | R |
114 | 43.48% | 55.23% | R+11.7 | 52.14% | 43.21% | D+8.9 | R |
115 | 43.23% | 55.27% | R+12 | 51.54% | 43.64% | D+7.9 | R |
116 | 60.53% | 37.80% | D+22.7 | 63.73% | 31.10% | D+32.6 | D |
117 | 51.99% | 46.85% | D+5.1 | 53.23% | 42.14% | D+11.1 | D |
118 | 55.33% | 43.41% | D+11.9 | 55.58% | 40.41% | D+15.2 | D |
119 | 60.26% | 38.58% | D+21.7 | 60.13% | 36.08% | D+24.1 | D |
120 | 64.75% | 34.11% | D+30.6 | 63.51% | 32.10% | D+31.4 | D |
121 | 37.61% | 60.88% | R+23.3 | 43.42% | 51.69% | R+8.3 | R |
122 | 30.87% | 67.87% | R+37 | 37.75% | 57.87% | R+20.1 | R |
123 | 61.36% | 36.80% | D+24.6 | 65.02% | 30.27% | D+34.7 | D |
124 | 60.94% | 37.65% | D+23.3 | 62.19% | 33.04% | D+29.1 | D |
125 | 59.11% | 39.59% | D+19.5 | 61.62% | 33.69% | D+27.9 | D |
126 | 36.72% | 62.08% | R+25.4 | 43.00% | 52.94% | R+9.9 | R |
127 | 29.60% | 69.21% | R+39.6 | 34.90% | 61.23% | R+26.3 | R |
128 | 26.59% | 72.37% | R+45.8 | 28.77% | 68.15% | R+39.4 | R |
129 | 33.88% | 64.47% | R+30.6 | 40.06% | 55.33% | R+15.3 | R |
130 | 22.81% | 75.91% | R+53.1 | 27.96% | 68.06% | R+40.1 | R |
131 | 83.65% | 15.69% | D+68 | 84.29% | 13.35% | D+70.9 | D |
132 | 39.77% | 58.92% | R+19.2 | 45.68% | 50.04% | R+4.4 | R |
133 | 30.41% | 68.14% | R+37.7 | 41.12% | 54.52% | R+13.4 | R |
134 | 41.74% | 56.39% | R+14.7 | 55.09% | 39.61% | D+15.5 | R |
135 | 39.86% | 58.83% | R+19 | 46.82% | 48.89% | R+2.1 | R |
136 | 41.43% | 55.34% | R+13.9 | 47.69% | 45.16% | D+2.5 | R |
137 | 63.91% | 34.49% | D+29.4 | 67.00% | 28.92% | D+38.1 | D |
138 | 39.30% | 59.18% | R+19.9 | 47.85% | 47.78% | D+0.1 | R |
139 | 75.62% | 23.61% | D+52 | 76.12% | 20.61% | D+55.5 | D |
140 | 70.10% | 28.98% | D+41.1 | 75.09% | 21.87% | D+53.2 | D |
141 | 87.41% | 12.07% | D+75.3 | 85.19% | 12.59% | D+72.6 | D |
142 | 77.41% | 21.97% | D+55.4 | 76.20% | 20.97% | D+55.2 | D |
143 | 67.18% | 31.86% | D+35.3 | 71.02% | 26.02% | D+45 | D |
144 | 50.77% | 47.88% | D+2.9 | 57.75% | 38.37% | D+19.4 | D |
145 | 60.26% | 38.28% | D+22 | 66.92% | 28.72% | D+38.2 | D |
146 | 78.82% | 20.05% | D+58.8 | 79.43% | 17.32% | D+62.1 | D |
147 | 78.07% | 20.30% | D+57.8 | 78.99% | 16.78% | D+62.2 | D |
148 | 56.59% | 41.08% | D+15.5 | 63.82% | 30.50% | D+33.3 | D |
149 | 58.76% | 40.12% | D+18.6 | 64.25% | 32.50% | D+31.8 | D |
150 | 30.28% | 68.55% | R+38.3 | 36.63% | 59.18% | R+22.6 | R |
Total | 41.40% | 57.19% | R+15.8 | 43.48% | 52.53% | R+9.1 | - |
Source: Daily Kos |
District election history
2018
General election
General election for U.S. House Texas District 13
Incumbent Mac Thornberry defeated Greg Sagan and Calvin DeWeese in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 13 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Mac Thornberry (R) | 81.5 | 169,027 |
![]() | Greg Sagan (D) | 16.9 | 35,083 | |
Calvin DeWeese (L) | 1.5 | 3,175 |
Total votes: 207,285 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 13
Greg Sagan advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 13 on March 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Greg Sagan | 100.0 | 7,322 |
Total votes: 7,322 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 13
Incumbent Mac Thornberry advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 13 on March 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Mac Thornberry | 100.0 | 71,018 |
Total votes: 71,018 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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2016
Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Mac Thornberry (R) defeated Calvin DeWeese (L) and Rusty Tomlinson (G) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Thornberry faced no opposition in the Republican primary on March 1, 2016. No Democrats filed to run in the race.[60][61]
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
90% | 199,050 | |
Libertarian | Calvin DeWeese | 6.7% | 14,725 | |
Green | Rusty Tomlinson | 3.4% | 7,467 | |
Total Votes | 221,242 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State |
2014
The 13th Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Mac Thornberry (R) defeated Mike Minter (D), Emily Pivoda (L) and Don Cook (G) in the general election.
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
84.3% | 110,842 | |
Democratic | Mike Minter | 12.8% | 16,822 | |
Libertarian | Emily Pivoda | 2.2% | 2,863 | |
Green | Don Cook | 0.7% | 924 | |
Total Votes | 131,451 | |||
Source: Texas Secretary of State |
State profile
- See also: Texas and Texas elections, 2019
Partisan data
The information in this section was current as of January 22, 2020
Presidential voting pattern
- Texas voted Republican in all seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.
Congressional delegation
- Following the 2018 elections, both U.S. senators from Texas were Republicans.
- Twenty-three of Texas' 36 U.S. representatives were Republicans and 13 were Democrats.
State executives
- Republicans held six of Texas' nine state executive offices. The other three offices were nonpartisan.
- Texas' governor was Republican Greg Abbott.
State legislature
- Republicans controlled the Texas State Senate with a 19-12 majority.
- Republicans controlled the Texas House of Representatives with a 83-67 majority.
Texas Party Control: 1992-2025
Three years of Democratic trifectas • Twenty-three years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Senate | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
|
|
Demographic data for Texas | ||
---|---|---|
Texas | U.S. | |
Total population: | 27,429,639 | 316,515,021 |
Land area (sq mi): | 261,232 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White: | 74.9% | 73.6% |
Black/African American: | 11.9% | 12.6% |
Asian: | 4.2% | 5.1% |
Native American: | 0.5% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander: | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Two or more: | 2.5% | 3% |
Hispanic/Latino: | 38.4% | 17.1% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate: | 81.9% | 86.7% |
College graduation rate: | 27.6% | 29.8% |
Income | ||
Median household income: | $53,207 | $53,889 |
Persons below poverty level: | 19.9% | 11.3% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015) Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Texas. **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
See also
- Texas' 13th Congressional District election, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primary)
- Texas' 13th Congressional District election, 2020
- United States House elections in Texas, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primaries)
- United States House elections in Texas, 2020 (March 3 Republican primaries)
- United States House Democratic Party primaries, 2020
- United States House Republican Party primaries, 2020
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2020
- U.S. House battlegrounds, 2020
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Amarillo Pioneer, "Last Pitch: Ronny Jackson, Republican for Congress," February 17, 2020
- ↑ Josh Winegarner 2020 campaign website, "Home," accessed April 14, 2020
- ↑ Candidate Connection surveys completed before September 26, 2019, were not used to generate candidate profiles. In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Amarillo Pioneer, "Endorsement: In GOP Runoff for Congress, It’s Jackson vs. The Establishment. We Like Jackson," June 28, 2020
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Amarillo Pioneer, "Lindsey Graham Endorses Ronny Jackson for Congress," June 10, 2020
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 The Amarillo Pioneer, "Missouri Senator Hawley Endorses Ronny Jackson for Congress," June 29, 2020
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ronny Jackson 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed July 12, 2020
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Twitter, "Josh Winegarner on May 28, 2020," accessed June 1, 2020
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Amarillo Pioneer, "Winegarner Announces Endorsement from Marchant," July 9, 2020
- ↑ Amarillo Pioneer, "Ohio Congressman Stivers Endorses Ronny Jackson," May 22, 2020
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Amarillo Pioneer, "Ekstrom Backing Jackson Over Winegarner in the 13th District Runoff," May 18, 2020
- ↑ Twitter, "Jason Foglesong - Republican - Amarillo, TX," accessed July 8, 2020
- ↑ Facebook, "Vance Snider for U.S. Congress TX-13 on March 4, 2020," accessed March 16, 2020
- ↑ The Amarillo Pioneer, "American Conservative Union Endorses Jackson for Congress," June 15, 2020
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Club for Growth, "Club for Growth PAC endorses Ronny Jackson (TX-13)," May 26, 2020
- ↑ Facebook, "Defend Our Nation on March 26, 2020," accessed May 20, 2020
- ↑ Facebook, "The Guardian Fund on April 22, 2020," accessed April 25, 2020
- ↑ Ronny Jackson 2020 campaign website, “Endorsements," accessed April 30, 2020
- ↑ The Amarillo Pioneer, "Endorsement: Ekstrom is Amarillo Republicans’ Best Choice for Congress," February 17, 2020
- ↑ Texomashomepage.com, "President Trump endorses Ronny Jackson for 13th Congressional District," February 28, 2020
- ↑ Times Record News, "Congressman Thornberry endorses Winegarner in Texas 13 race," February 10, 2020
- ↑ The Amarillo Pioneer, "Biggs Endorses Ekstrom for Congress," January 27, 2020
- ↑ Twitter, "Patrick Svitek on December 10, 2019," accessed January 23, 2020
- ↑ The Amarillo Pioneer, "Mo Brooks Endorses Ekstrom in 13th District U.S. House Race," November 13, 2019
- ↑ The Amarillo Pioneer, "Mike Conaway Endorses Winegarner for Congress," January 27, 2020
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Twitter, "Club for Growth on January 13, 2020," accessed January 23, 2020
- ↑ Twitter, "Chris Ekstrom on February 28, 2020," accessed March 2, 2020
- ↑ Facebook, "Hays for Congress on February 10, 2020," accessed February 12, 2020
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Texas - House District 13," accessed July 8, 2020
- ↑ Times Record News, "Republicans Jackson and Winegarner skirmish during congressional debate," June 25, 2020
- ↑ News Channel 6, "Josh Winegarner, Ronny Jackson debate as runoff election looms," June 15, 2020
- ↑ American Conservative Union, "ACU Endorses Ronny Jackson," June 9, 2020
- ↑ Times Record News, "Where do Jackson and Winegarner stand on the issues, and who is the most Texan?" June 5, 2020
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 The Blast, "Eddie Rodriguez launches TV ads in SD-14 special election," June 2, 2020
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 The Amarillo Pioneer, "Hurd-Backed PAC Set to Attack Jackson in Congressional Race," April 29, 2020
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Texas - House District 13," accessed April 20, 2020
- ↑ The Marshall News Messenger, "Governor postpones primary election runoffs," March 20, 2020
- ↑ Office of the Texas Governor, "Governor Abbott Postpones Runoff Primary Election In Response To COVID-19," March 20, 2020
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Ronny Jackson's 2020 campaign website, "On the Issues," accessed January 23, 2020
- ↑ Josh Winegarner's 2020 campaign website, "Issues," accessed July 12, 2020
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
- ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
- ↑ Twitter, "Patrick Svitek on June 18, 2020," accessed July 2, 2020
- ↑ Twitter, "Patrick Svitek on June 25, 2020," accessed July 2, 2020
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Morning Digest," June 19, 2020
- ↑ Texas Statutes, "Section 172.086," accessed October 7, 2024
- ↑ Texas Legislature, "Chapter 172. Primary Elections," accessed July 10, 2020
- ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "Election Advisory No. 2020-05," February 11, 2020
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
- ↑ Texas Secretary of State, "2016 March Primary Election Candidate Filings by County," accessed December 15, 2015
- ↑ The New York Times, "Texas Primary Results," March 1, 2016