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Texas' 21st Congressional District election (March 6, 2018 Democratic primary)

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2020
2016
Texas' 21st Congressional District
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: December 11, 2017
Primary: March 6, 2018
Primary runoff: May 22, 2018 (if needed)
General: November 6, 2018

Pre-election incumbent:
Lamar Smith (Republican)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Voting in Texas
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Likely Republican
Inside Elections: Likely Republican
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely Republican
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
Texas' 21st Congressional District
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Texas elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018



Army veteran Joseph Kopser won the Democratic primary runoff election on May 22, 2018.

Kosper and primary challenger Mary Wilson were the top two vote-getters in the primary election for Texas' 21st Congressional District election, and both advanced to a runoff election that was held on May 22 since neither received more than 50 percent of the vote. Wilson received 30.90 percent of the vote and Kopser received 29.03 percent. The two defeated Derrick Crowe and Elliott McFadden. For more information about the primary runoff election, click here.

The winner of the primary runoff faced the winner of the Republican runoff for the seat of incumbent Lamar Smith, who announced that he would not seek re-election in 2018 on November 2, 2017, leaving the seat open to a newcomer.[1]

Kopser led the field in funds raised as of December 31, 2017, reporting about $678,000 in total contributions with $260,000 of those in the last quarter of 2017. That amount was more than any of the 18 Republican candidates who filed for the seat raised in the same quarter. Crowe reported the next-highest funds raised in the Democratic race with $120,000 in contributions at the close of 2017.[2][3]

Although this seat was rated Safe Republican or Likely Republican by ratings outlets as of February 5, 2018, the four Democratic candidates could have made it a competitive election, depending on who had won the primary.[4] Donald Trump (R) won the district by 10 points in 2016. Mitt Romney (R) won it by 21.9 points in 2012.

Texas voter? Dates you need to know.
Primary electionMarch 6, 2018
Candidate filing deadlineDecember 11, 2017
Registration deadlineFebruary 5, 2018
Absentee application deadlineFebruary 23, 2018
General electionNovember 6, 2018
Voting information
Primary typeOpen
Early voting deadlineMarch 2, 2018
Polling locations: Go to this page to find early voting locations and your assigned precinct for election day.


For more on related elections, please see:



Candidates and election results

Mary Wilson and Joseph Kopser advanced to a runoff. They defeated Derrick Crowe and Elliott McFadden in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 21 on March 6, 2018.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 21

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mary Wilson
Mary Wilson
 
30.9
 
15,736
Image of Joseph Kopser
Joseph Kopser Candidate Connection
 
29.0
 
14,787
Image of Derrick Crowe
Derrick Crowe
 
23.1
 
11,742
Image of Elliott McFadden
Elliott McFadden
 
17.0
 
8,667

Total votes: 50,932
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Candidates

Top candidates

Derrick Crowe

Derrick Crowe

Crowe has worked as a nonprofit professional and is a former senior staffer and small business owner. He worked as a staffer for House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi on Capitol Hill. He was communications director for the nonprofit SAFE and also worked for the Center for Public Policy Priorities and the Children’s Defense Fund. Crowe also served as a senior staffer for Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics. Crowe graduated from Texas Tech University in 2002.[5]

Crowe was the winner of a straw poll for the primary election conducted by the Bexar County Democrats on November 11, 2017.[6] He was backed by the progressive organizations Our Revolution Texas and Left Up To Us. Crowe reported $157,377 in contributions as of February 14, 2018.

Joseph Kopser

Joseph Kopser

Kopser is a U.S. Army veteran and has worked in private industry. Leading up to the 2018 primary election, he was serving as president of the advisory and analytics firm Grayline as well as a member of the Defense Council of the Truman National Security Project. His other professional experience includes serving as the director of Texas Lyceum, a member of the board of directors of the Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce, and the chairman and co-founder of Bunker Labs Austin.[7]

Kopser's military experience includes serving as the department chair and professor of leadership and strategy at Texas Army ROTC and as the special assistant to the Army chief of staff. Kopser spent several years deployed in Iraq. He graduated from Harvard University with his M.P.A. and from the United States Military Academy at West Point with his bachelor's in aerospace engineering.[7]

Kopser was endorsed by state Sen. Kirk Watson (D) and state Rep. Donna Howard (D).[8] He led fundraising in this race as of the February 14, 2018, deadline, reporting $774,225 in campaign contributions.

Mary Wilson

Mary Wilson

Wilson earned a master's degree in mathematics from SUNY-New Paltz and studied theology at Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary. Her career experience includes working as a pastor and teacher.[9]


List of all candidates

Timeline

Endorsements

See also: Endorsements in the Texas congressional primaries, 2018
Democratic candidate endorsements
Endorsement Crowe Kopser McFadden Wilson
National figures
Jason Kander, former Missouri secretary of state[14]
State officials
State Sen. Kirk Watson (D)[8]
State Rep. Donna Howard (D)[8]
State Rep. Eddie Rodriguez (D)[15]
Former state Sen. Gonzalo Barrientos[15]
Local officials
Travis County Judge Sarah Eckhardt[15]
Publications
Austin Chronicle[16]
Organizations
Education Austin[15]
National Nurses United[17]
Our Revolution Texas[17]
Left Up To Us[17]
Bexar County Tejano Democrats[17]
Democracy for America[17]
PAC's
Circle C Area Democrats[17]


Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

The Bexar County Democrats conducted a straw poll for the Democratic primary on November 11, 2017. Derrick Crowe led the field with 42 percent. Elliott McFadden came in second with 24 percent, Mary Wilson had 20.7 percent, and Joseph Kopser had 13 percent.[6]

Campaign finance

The table below details the campaign finance reports submitted by the candidates in this race through February 14, 2018.[18]

Campaign tactics and strategies

Campaign advertisements

Joseph Kopser

"Send a “Champion of Change” to Congress" - Kopser campaign ad, released February 8, 2018

Chip Roy

"Courage" - Roy campaign ad, released by Club for Growth PAC on February 12, 2018

Campaign strategies

The table below contains quotes from each of the Democratic candidates or their campaign staff about campaign strategies for the race.

Democratic candidates on their campaign strategies:[19]
Derrick Crowe
"The way we’re going to win is by turning out the Democratic voters that typically vote in presidential elections but sit out the midterms...Some of our opponents are building strategies on image consultants, but we have a really solid foundation of people power. I got into this race before the blue wave was discussed. My values led me to fight. And I feel very strongly that progressive values are going to win this race."[19]

Joseph Kopser
Joe Trippi, one of Kopser's campaign staffers who also served as Doug Jones' chief media strategist, said voters had reached a tipping point with what he said were the “divisive partisan politics” in Washington — and he saw Kopser as the prime candidate to utilize the public sentiment. "We certainly saw this in Alabama. People are responding to the message of rising above party and just doing what’s best for their district or their state, and starting to really reject knee-jerk partisans."[19]

Elliott McFadden
"We’ve looked at this race and the way the lines are drawn. In a wave election, there’s probably about a 20,000-vote margin we need to overcome...There’s a huge wealth of voters that vote presidential but don’t vote midterms, and that’s where the difference is going to be made."[19]

Mary Wilson
"I’m a person who’s comfortable in her own skin, and with what my values and priorities are...I think having that comfort level would be really helpful (in Congress) … I’m an openly lesbian Baptist minister, and I can count on one hand how many people fit that profile."[19]

Noteworthy events

Crowe discovers plagiarized work in Kopser's campaign materials

Kopser plagiarism.jpg

On January 15, 2018, the Huffington Post published an article outlining instances of candidate Joseph Kopser's campaign materials containing sentences from news and other sources without attribution. Two examples were cited in which the candidate answered questionnaires using verbatim responses from the news website Vox and another website called Alliance to Save Energy. The Huffington Post also listed examples that it said came from The Dallas Morning News, The Washington Post, and the Economic Policy Institute's website.[20]

Kopser's fellow candidate in the race Derrick Crowe discovered these examples through a website called Quetext and shared them with the Huffington Post. “You cannot copy and paste a true commitment to progressive values,” he said in a statement. “This plagiarism is a troubling act by Joseph Kopser, and it is part of a pattern that will spell certain defeat in a general election. Democrats in this district deserve better.”[21]

Prior to this, Crowe had pointed out that Kopser posted an event invite using a sentence identical to the one that appeared on Crowe's Facebook page. At the bottom of Kopser's invitation appeared a sentence asking invitees to “sign up for email updates at electcrowe.com/join,” which was Crowe's campaign website.[22]

Kopser campaign spokesman Ian Rivera said in a statement, "Deliberate steps were taken to prevent this from happening but, unfortunately, they were insufficient." Rivera said the Kopser campaign had a staff of 15 volunteers who drafted its policy responses and checked for plagiarism using an online service. “We’ll be shopping around for alternatives this week and we will make appropriate adjustments to the written text as formatted,” Rivera added.[20]

Campaign themes

Below are listed the policy positions on the candidates' campaign websites, if available.

Derrick Crowe

Medicare for all
We must implement Medicare for All because health care is a right, not a privilege. Our district has 83,000 people without health insurance--that's unacceptable. We must stop Republican plans to kick more people off of health care, then go on offense to get Medicare for All passed.

Fixing the rigged economy
We need an economy that works for everyone and not just the people at the top. We must protect our economic and political liberty, bust up monopolies and “too big to fail” firms, and get big money out of politics. That means overturning Citizens United, bringing back trust-busting, and standing with organized labor.

Fighting climate change
Climate change is real. We must get our carbon emissions down to net zero by 2035 to preserve a free and prosperous future. We should implement a carbon fee and dividend system to spur innovation and slow emissions, but that's not enough. We need a Marshall-Plan-style program to electrify our energy system using solar and wind power, strong efficiency standards, and regulations to cram down carbon emissions in time to avoid catastrophic climate change.

Net neutrality
Net Neutrality is the basic idea that Internet service providers like Comcast and Verizon should be prohibited from blocking, slowing down, or speeding up apps, content, or websites. Net Neutrality is essential to an open, democratic Internet. The FCC recently voted to gut Net Neutrality in the face of deep public opposition, but we don't have to take it. Sign our petition to save Net Neutrality.

Combating racism
Stop the assault on communities of color, which includes ending mass incarceration, the war on drugs, and mass deportation. Structural racism and right-wing scaremongering has corroded the American Dream for too many, for too long.

Living wage now
Raise the minimum wage to $15/hour so people who work full-time can afford a life with dignity. If you work 40 hours a week then you should not live in poverty. We need to fight for a living wage for all. Fight for 15!

Act on automation
We must come to grips with the real implications of the coming deep automation of our economy so that mass automation doesn’t destroy the income of millions of Americans.

College for all
Make public colleges and universities free to attend and fund quality K-12 education where local schools, not standardized testing companies, shape our children’s destinies.

Women's rights
American women should know that they will receive equal pay on the job, as well as paid maternity leave should they choose to have a child. They should also be afforded the respect of having control of their own bodies, and their reproductive rights should be safe from right wing attacks on their freedom.

LGBTQIA rights
We must stand with our LGBTQIA neighbors against the right-wing attack on their rights and relationships. Marriage equality and respect in the workplace are non-negotiable.[23]

—Derrick Crowe's 2018 campaign website[24]

Joseph Kopser

My policy priorities have been largely influenced by three things. First, my life experience as a 20-year Army veteran, technology entrepreneur, and father of three daughters. Second, the three-decade disconnect between outgoing Rep. Lamar Smith and his constituents allowing the White House and special interests to be prioritized over Central Texans. And third, my interactions with citizens of TX-21 over the last year.

Many proud Texans, like you and me, are concerned about our country but confident that hard work and vision will deliver solutions. They’re committed to establishing a government that works for them and reflects their interest in working together. They’re not afraid of hard decisions but want to base those decisions on facts, transparency, and with an eye toward the future and parity.

Only two things will evolve my public positions: your input and verified scientific data. My commitment to the citizens of TX-21, however, will never waver. Your voice will be heard, your questions will be answered, and your values, priorities, and expectations of your member of Congress will establish a new model of service and effective representation for Texas and the United States.[23]

—Joseph Kopser's 2018 campaign website[25]

Kopser had detailed sections under the following headings on his website:

Early voting in Texas primaries, 2018

Click here to learn about historic early voting turnout for both parties in Texas in 2014 and 2018.

District election history

2016

See also: Texas' 21st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Lamar Smith (R) defeated Thomas Wakely (D), Mark Loewe (L), and Antonio Diaz (G) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Smith defeated Matt McCall, John Murphy and Todd Phelps in the Republican primary on March 1, 2016, while Wakely defeated Tejas Vakil for the Democratic nomination.[26][27]

U.S. House, Texas District 21 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngLamar Smith Incumbent 57% 202,967
     Democratic Thomas Wakely 36.4% 129,765
     Libertarian Mark Loewe 4.1% 14,735
     Green Antonio Diaz 2.4% 8,564
Total Votes 356,031
Source: Texas Secretary of State


U.S. House, Texas District 21 Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngLamar Smith Incumbent 60.1% 69,866
Matt McCall 28.9% 33,624
Todd Phelps 5.7% 6,597
John Murphy 5.3% 6,200
Total Votes 116,287
Source: Texas Secretary of State
U.S. House, Texas District 21 Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngThomas Wakely 59% 29,632
Tejas Vakil 41% 20,595
Total Votes 50,227
Source: Texas Secretary of State

2014

See also: Texas' 21st Congressional District elections, 2014

The 21st Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Lamar Smith (R) defeated Ryan Shields (L) and Antonio Diaz (G) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 21 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngLamar Smith Incumbent 71.8% 135,660
     Green Antonio Diaz 14.7% 27,831
     Libertarian Ryan Shields 13.5% 25,505
Total Votes 188,996
Source: Texas Secretary of State

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+10, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were 10 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 21st Congressional District the 136th most Republican nationally.[28]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.11. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.11 points toward that party.[29]

State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Texas heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

  • Republicans controlled both chambers of the Texas State Legislature. They had a 93-55 majority in the state House and a 21-10 majority in the state Senate.

Trifecta status

  • Texas was a Republican trifecta, meaning that the Republican Party held the governorship, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House.

2018 elections

See also: Texas elections, 2018

Texas held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for Texas
 TexasU.S.
Total population:27,429,639316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):261,2323,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:74.9%73.6%
Black/African American:11.9%12.6%
Asian:4.2%5.1%
Native American:0.5%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0.1%0.2%
Two or more:2.5%3%
Hispanic/Latino:38.4%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:81.9%86.7%
College graduation rate:27.6%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$53,207$53,889
Persons below poverty level:19.9%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Texas.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

As of July 2016, Texas had a population of approximately 27,862,596 people, and its three largest cities were Houston (pop. est. 2.3 million), San Antonio (pop. est. 1.5 million), and Dallas (pop. est. 1.3 million).[30][31]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Texas from 2000 to 2016.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Texas every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), Texas 2000-2016[32][33]
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Republican Party Donald Trump 52.23% Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 43.24% 8.99%
2012 Republican Party Mitt Romney 57.17% Democratic Party Barack Obama 41.38% 15.79%
2008 Republican Party John McCain 55.45% Democratic Party Barack Obama 43.68% 11.77%
2004 Republican Party George W. Bush 61.09% Democratic Party John Kerry 38.22% 22.87%
2000 Republican Party George W. Bush 59.30% Democratic Party Al Gore 37.98% 21.32%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Texas from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), Texas 2000-2016[34]
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014[35] Republican Party John Cornyn 61.56% Democratic Party David Alameel 34.36% 27.20%
2012[36] Republican Party Ted Cruz 56.46% Democratic Party Paul Sadler 40.62% 15.84%
2008[37] Republican Party John Cornyn 54.82% Democratic Party Richard Noriega 42.84% 11.98%
2006[38] Republican Party Kay Bailey Hutchison 61.69% Democratic Party Barbara Ann Radnofsky 36.04% 25.65%
2002[39] Republican Party John Cornyn 55.30% Democratic Party Ron Kirk 43.33% 11.97%
2000[40] Republican Party Kay Bailey Hutchison 65.04% Democratic Party Gene Kelly 32.35% 32.69%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2014

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2014. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Texas.

Election results (Governor), Texas 2000-2016[41]
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Republican Party Greg Abbott 59.27% Democratic Party Wendy Davis 38.90% 20.37%
2010 Republican Party Rick Perry 54.97% Democratic Party Bill White 42.30% 12.67%
2006 Republican Party Rick Perry 39.03% Democratic Party Chris Bell 29.79% 9.24%
2002 Republican Party Rick Perry 57.81% Democratic Party Tony Sanchez 39.96% 17.85%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Texas in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, Texas 2000-2016
Year Republicans Republicans (%) Democrats Democrats (%) Balance of power
2016 Republican Party 25 69.4% Democratic Party 11 30.6% R+14
2014 Republican Party 25 69.4% Democratic Party 11 30.6% R+14
2012 Republican Party 24 66.7% Democratic Party 12 33.3% R+12
2010 Republican Party 23 71.9% Democratic Party 9 28.1% R+14
2008 Republican Party 20 62.5% Democratic Party 12 37.5% R+8
2006 Republican Party 19 59.4% Democratic Party 13 40.6% R+6
2004 Republican Party 21 65.6% Democratic Party 11 34.4% R+10
2002 Republican Party 15 46.9% Democratic Party 17 53.1% D+2
2000 Republican Party 13 43.3% Democratic Party 17 56.7% D+4

Trifectas, 1992-2017

A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

Texas Party Control: 1992-2025
Three years of Democratic trifectas  •  Twenty-three years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Senate D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
House D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R


See also

Footnotes

  1. The Hill, "Lamar Smith to retire from Congress," November 2, 2017
  2. Federal Election Commission, "Candidates for House of Representatives," accessed February 5, 2018
  3. Statesman, "Democrats report big money hauls in Central Texas congressional races," February 2, 2018
  4. Ratings are based on projections found in Governing, Larry Sabato, The Rothenberg & Gonzales Political Report, Decision Desk HQ, and The Cook Political Report. These ratings are updated periodically throughout the election season.
  5. Derrick Crowe 2018 campaign website, "Meet Derrick," accessed January 31, 2018
  6. 6.0 6.1 Bexar County Democrats, "2017 Straw Poll Results," accessed January 31, 2018
  7. 7.0 7.1 LinkedIn, "Joseph Kopser," accessed January 31, 2018
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Joseph Kopser 2018 campaign website, "Press Releases," accessed January 31, 2018
  9. Mary Wilson for Congress, "About," accessed March 17, 2018
  10. Derrick Crowe for Congress, "Home," accessed June 27, 2017
  11. Roll Call, "Rep. Lamar Smith Out of Touch With Science, Challenger Says," May 23, 2017
  12. Information submitted on Ballotpedia's biographical information submission form on May 24, 2017
  13. Mary Wilson for Congress, "Home," accessed July 11, 2017
  14. YouTube, "Jason Kander Endorses Kopser for Congress," March 2, 2018
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Elliott McFadden 2018 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed January 31, 2018
  16. Austin Chronicle, "Chronicle Endorsements," February 16, 2018
  17. 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Derrick Crowe 2018 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed January 31, 2018
  18. Federal Election Commission, "Browse Candidates for House of Representatives," accessed February 14, 2018
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 San Antonio Express News, "With Smith’s departure, Democrats see first real chance to win District 21," January 7, 2018
  20. 20.0 20.1 Huffington Post, "Democratic House Candidate’s Campaign Materials Full Of Plagiarized Work," January 15, 2018
  21. Huffington Post, "Significant Portions of Kopser’s New Position Statements Appear To Be Plagiarized," January 15, 2018
  22. Twitter, "Derrick Crowe on Twitter," July 26, 2017
  23. 23.0 23.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  24. Derrick Crowe 2018 campaign website, "Issues," accessed January 31, 2018
  25. Joseph Kopser 2018 campaign website,' "My Values," accessed January 31, 2018
  26. Texas Secretary of State, "2016 March Primary Election Candidate Filings by County," accessed December 15, 2015
  27. The New York Times, "Texas Primary Results," March 1, 2016
  28. Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  29. FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  30. United States Census Bureau, "QuickFacts Texas," accessed December 12, 2017
  31. United States Census Bureau, "QuickFacts Houston; San Antonio; Dallas," accessed December 13, 2017
  32. Federal Election Commission, "2012 Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives," accessed December 13, 2017
  33. Federal Election Commission, "Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results," January 30, 2017
  34. Federal Election Commission, "Federal Elections 2014: Election Results for the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives," accessed December 13, 2017
  35. Federal Election Commission, "2014 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  36. Federal Election Commission, "2012 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  37. Federal Election Commission, "2008 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  38. Federal Election Commission, "2006 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  39. Federal Election Commission, "2002 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  40. Federal Election Commission, "2000 Official Election Results for United States Senate," accessed December 13, 2017
  41. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, "Texas Election Results," accessed December 13, 2017


Senators
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
Al Green (D)
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
District 18
Vacant
District 19
District 20
District 21
Chip Roy (R)
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
District 31
District 32
District 33
District 34
District 35
District 36
District 37
District 38
Republican Party (27)
Democratic Party (12)
Vacancies (1)