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Texas' 26th Congressional District

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Texas' 26th Congressional District
Incumbent
Assumed office: January 3, 2025

Texas' 26th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by Brandon Gill (R).

As of the 2020 Census, Texas representatives represented an average of 767,981 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 701,901 residents.

Elections

2024

See also: Texas' 26th Congressional District election, 2024

Texas' 26th Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Republican primary)

Texas' 26th Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Democratic primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 26

Brandon Gill defeated Ernest Lineberger III and Phil Gray in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 26 on November 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Brandon Gill
Brandon Gill (R)
 
62.1
 
241,096
Image of Ernest Lineberger III
Ernest Lineberger III (D) Candidate Connection
 
35.7
 
138,558
Image of Phil Gray
Phil Gray (L)
 
2.3
 
8,773

Total votes: 388,427
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 26

Ernest Lineberger III advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Ernest Lineberger III
Ernest Lineberger III Candidate Connection
 
100.0
 
18,308

Total votes: 18,308
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Brandon Gill
Brandon Gill
 
58.4
 
49,876
Image of Scott Armey
Scott Armey Candidate Connection
 
14.5
 
12,400
Image of John Huffman
John Huffman
 
10.0
 
8,559
Image of Luisa Del Rosal
Luisa Del Rosal Candidate Connection
 
4.6
 
3,949
Image of Doug Robison
Doug Robison
 
3.5
 
2,999
Image of Mark Rutledge
Mark Rutledge
 
2.5
 
2,130
Image of Joel Krause
Joel Krause Candidate Connection
 
2.3
 
1,959
Image of Neena Biswas
Neena Biswas Candidate Connection
 
1.9
 
1,665
Image of Burt Thakur
Burt Thakur Candidate Connection
 
1.1
 
975
Image of Vlad De Franceschi
Vlad De Franceschi Candidate Connection
 
0.7
 
572
Image of Jason Kergosien
Jason Kergosien Candidate Connection
 
0.4
 
366

Total votes: 85,450
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 26

Phil Gray advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 23, 2024.

Candidate
Image of Phil Gray
Phil Gray (L)

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2022

See also: Texas' 26th Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 26

Incumbent Michael C. Burgess defeated Mike Kolls in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 26 on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Michael C. Burgess
Michael C. Burgess (R)
 
69.3
 
183,639
Image of Mike Kolls
Mike Kolls (L) Candidate Connection
 
30.7
 
81,384

Total votes: 265,023
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26

Incumbent Michael C. Burgess defeated Vincent Gallo, Brian Brazeal, Isaac Smith, and Raven Harrison in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 1, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Michael C. Burgess
Michael C. Burgess
 
66.8
 
42,006
Image of Vincent Gallo
Vincent Gallo Candidate Connection
 
10.2
 
6,437
Image of Brian Brazeal
Brian Brazeal
 
9.4
 
5,892
Image of Isaac Smith
Isaac Smith Candidate Connection
 
8.1
 
5,085
Raven Harrison
 
5.5
 
3,427

Total votes: 62,847
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 26

Mike Kolls advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 19, 2022.

Candidate
Image of Mike Kolls
Mike Kolls (L) Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2020

See also: Texas' 26th Congressional District election, 2020

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 26

Incumbent Michael C. Burgess defeated Carol Iannuzzi and Mark Boler in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 26 on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Michael C. Burgess
Michael C. Burgess (R)
 
60.6
 
261,963
Image of Carol Iannuzzi
Carol Iannuzzi (D)
 
37.3
 
161,099
Image of Mark Boler
Mark Boler (L)
 
2.1
 
9,243

Total votes: 432,305
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 26

Carol Iannuzzi defeated Mat Pruneda and Neil Durrance in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Carol Iannuzzi
Carol Iannuzzi
 
55.3
 
31,019
Image of Mat Pruneda
Mat Pruneda Candidate Connection
 
28.0
 
15,701
Neil Durrance
 
16.6
 
9,329

Total votes: 56,049
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26

Incumbent Michael C. Burgess defeated Jack Wyman, Michael Armstrong, and Jason Mrochek in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Michael C. Burgess
Michael C. Burgess
 
73.6
 
51,312
Image of Jack Wyman
Jack Wyman Candidate Connection
 
11.2
 
7,816
Image of Michael Armstrong
Michael Armstrong Candidate Connection
 
8.2
 
5,745
Image of Jason Mrochek
Jason Mrochek Candidate Connection
 
7.0
 
4,846

Total votes: 69,719
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 26

Mark Boler advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 21, 2020.

Candidate
Image of Mark Boler
Mark Boler (L)

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2018

See also: Texas' 26th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 26

Incumbent Michael C. Burgess defeated Linsey Fagan and Mark Boler in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 26 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Michael C. Burgess
Michael C. Burgess (R)
 
59.4
 
185,551
Image of Linsey Fagan
Linsey Fagan (D)
 
39.0
 
121,938
Image of Mark Boler
Mark Boler (L)
 
1.6
 
5,016

Total votes: 312,505
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 26

Linsey Fagan defeated William Carl Fisher in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Linsey Fagan
Linsey Fagan
 
52.7
 
13,817
Image of William Carl Fisher
William Carl Fisher
 
47.3
 
12,402

Total votes: 26,219
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26

Incumbent Michael C. Burgess defeated Veronica Birkenstock in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 26 on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Michael C. Burgess
Michael C. Burgess
 
76.9
 
42,290
Image of Veronica Birkenstock
Veronica Birkenstock
 
23.1
 
12,684

Total votes: 54,974
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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2016

See also: Texas' 26th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Michael Burgess (R) defeated Eric Mauck (D) and Mark Boler (L) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Burgess defeated Micah Beebe and Joel Krause in the Republican primary on March 1, 2016, while Mauck face no primary opposition.[1][2]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess Incumbent 66.4% 211,730
     Democratic Eric Mauck 29.6% 94,507
     Libertarian Mark Boler 4% 12,843
Total Votes 319,080
Source: Texas Secretary of State


U.S. House, Texas District 26 Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess Incumbent 79.4% 73,607
Joel Krause 14.2% 13,201
Micah Beebe 6.4% 5,942
Total Votes 92,750
Source: Texas Secretary of State

2014

See also: Texas' 26th Congressional District elections, 2014

The 26th Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Michael Burgess (R) defeated Mark Boler (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess Incumbent 82.7% 116,944
     Libertarian Mark Boler 17.3% 24,526
Total Votes 141,470
Source: Texas Secretary of State

2012

See also: Texas' 26th Congressional District elections, 2012

The 26th Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012, in which incumbent Michael C. Burgess (R) won re-election. He defeated David Sanchez (D) and Mark Boler (L) in the general election.[3]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess Incumbent 68.3% 176,642
     Democratic David Sanchez 28.7% 74,237
     Libertarian Mark Boler 3% 7,844
Total Votes 258,723
Source: Texas Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"


2010
On November 2, 2010, Michael Burgess won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Neil Durrance (D) and Mark Boler (L) in the general election.[4]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess incumbent 67.1% 120,984
     Democratic Neil Durrance 30.7% 55,385
     Libertarian Mark Boler 2.3% 4,062
Total Votes 180,431


2008
On November 4, 2008, Michael Burgess won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Ken Leach (D) and Stephanie Weiss (L) in the general election.[5]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2008
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess incumbent 60.2% 195,181
     Democratic Ken Leach 36.4% 118,167
     Libertarian Stephanie Weiss 3.4% 11,028
Total Votes 324,376


2006
On November 7, 2006, Michael Burgess won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Tim Barnwell (D) and Rich Haas (L) in the general election.[6]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2006
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess incumbent 60.2% 94,219
     Democratic Tim Barnwell 37.2% 58,271
     Libertarian Rich Haas 2.6% 3,993
Total Votes 156,483


2004
On November 2, 2004, Michael Burgess won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Lico Reyes (D) and James Gholston (L) in the general election.[7]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2004
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess incumbent 65.8% 180,519
     Democratic Lico Reyes 32.7% 89,809
     Libertarian James Gholston 1.5% 4,211
Total Votes 274,539


2002
On November 5, 2002, Michael Burgess won election to the United States House. He defeated Paul William LeBon (D), David Wallace Croft (L) and Gary Page (G) in the general election.[8]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2002
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Burgess 74.8% 123,195
     Democratic Paul William LeBon 22.8% 37,485
     Libertarian David Wallace Croft 1.4% 2,367
     Green Gary Page 1% 1,631
Total Votes 164,678


2000
On November 7, 2000, Richard Armey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Steve Love (D) and Fred Badagnani (L) in the general election.[9]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 2000
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Armey incumbent 72.5% 214,025
     Democratic Steve Love 25.6% 75,601
     Libertarian Fred Badagnani 1.9% 5,646
Total Votes 295,272


1998
On November 3, 1998, Richard Armey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Joe Turner (L) in the general election.[10]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 1998
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Armey incumbent 88.1% 120,332
     Libertarian Joe Turner 11.9% 16,182
Total Votes 136,514


1996
On November 5, 1996, Richard Armey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Jerry Frankel (D) in the general election.[11]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 1996
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Armey incumbent 73.6% 163,708
     Democratic Jerry Frankel 26.4% 58,623
     N/A Write-in 0% 11
Total Votes 222,342


1994
On November 8, 1994, Richard Armey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated LeEarl Ann Bryant (D) and Alfred Adask (L) in the general election.[12]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 1994
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Armey incumbent 76.4% 135,398
     Democratic LeEarl Ann Bryant 22.4% 39,763
     Libertarian Alfred Adask 1.1% 2,030
Total Votes 177,191


1992
On November 3, 1992, Richard Armey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated John Wayne Caton (D) in the general election.[13]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 1992
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Armey incumbent 73.1% 150,209
     Democratic John Wayne Caton 26.9% 55,237
     N/A Write-in 0% 85
Total Votes 205,531


1990
On November 6, 1990, Richard Armey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated John Wayne Caton (D) in the general election.[14]

U.S. House, Texas District 26 General Election, 1990
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Armey incumbent 70.4% 147,856
     Democratic John Wayne Caton 29.6% 62,158
Total Votes 210,014


District map

Redistricting

2020-2021

See also: Redistricting in Texas after the 2020 census

In August 2025, the Texas Legislature proposed a new congressional district map during special legislative sessions that prompted Democratic legislators to leave the state to prevent a quorum.[15][16] Click here to read more about the 2025 Democratic walkout during mid-decade redistricting in Texas.

On August 20, 2025, the Texas House approved House Bill 4 containing a new congressional map by an 88-52 vote along party lines.[17] On August 23, 2025, the Texas Senate approved the map by an 18-11 vote along party lines.[18] Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed the new map into law on August 29, 2025.[19] The bill text stated the new district boundaries would take effect for the 2026 elections.[20]

Texas first enacted new congressional districts on October 25, 2021. The Senate released a proposed congressional map on September 27, 2021, and approved an amended version of the proposal on October 8, 2021.[21] On October 13, 2021, the House Redistricting Committee approved an amended version of the congressional map, and both chambers of the legislature approved a finalized version of the map on October 18, 2021. The Senate approved the proposal in an 18-13 vote, and the House approved the bill in an 84-59 vote.[22] Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed the map into law on October 25, 2021.[23] This map took effect for Texas' 2022 congressional elections.

How does redistricting in Texas work? In Texas, both congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the Texas State Legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.[24]

If the state legislature is unable to approve a state legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines (the backup commission is not involved in congressional redistricting). This backup commission, established in 1948, comprises the following members:[24]

  1. Lieutenant governor
  2. Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives
  3. Attorney general
  4. State comptroller
  5. Commissioner of the General Land Office

The Texas Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and "that they preserve whole counties when population mandates permit."[24]

Texas District 26
before 2020 redistricting cycle

Click a district to compare boundaries.

Texas District 26
after 2020 redistricting cycle

Click a district to compare boundaries.

The 26th Congressional District of Texas, prior to the 2010-2011 redistricting process.
See also: Redistricting in Texas after the 2010 census

Following the 2010 United States Census, Texas gained four congressional seats. Texas' final congressional redistricting plan was approved by the Texas Legislature and signed by Gov. Rick Perry (R) in June 2013.[25][26][27]

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

2026

Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+11. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 11 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 26th the 110th most Republican district nationally.[28]

2024

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+13. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 13 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 26th the 107th most Republican district nationally.[29]

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 58.6%-40.0%.[30]

2022

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+13. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 13 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 26th the 111th most Republican district nationally.[31]

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 40.0% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 58.6%.[32]

2018

Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+18. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 18 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 26th Congressional District the 56th most Republican nationally.[33]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.94. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.94 points toward that party.[34]

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. Texas Secretary of State, "2016 March Primary Election Candidate Filings by County," accessed December 15, 2015
  2. The New York Times, "Texas Primary Results," March 1, 2016
  3. Politico, "2012 Election Map, Texas," November 6, 2012
  4. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  5. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
  6. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
  7. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  8. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
  9. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
  10. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
  11. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
  12. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994," accessed March 28, 2013
  13. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1992," accessed March 28, 2013
  14. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990," accessed March 28, 2013
  15. Associated Press, "Texas Democrats fleeing state to block redistricting vote follows strategy that’s had mixed results," August 3, 2025
  16. Texas Tribune, "The Texas Legislature is back for a special session. Here’s what we’re watching.," July 21, 2025
  17. CBS News, "Texas House passes GOP redistricting plan after weeks-long standoff," August 20, 2025
  18. Houston Chronicle, "Texas Democrats ramp up criticism of new Texas congressional map after Senate sends it to governor," August 23, 2025
  19. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named signed
  20. LegiScan, "Texas House Bill 4," accessed August 29, 2025
  21. Texas Tribune, "Texas Senate approves congressional map that draws no new Black or Hispanic districts even as people of color fueled population growth," October 8, 2021
  22. Texas Legislature Online, "SB 6," accessed October 20, 2021
  23. Texas Tribune, "Gov. Greg Abbott signs off on Texas’ new political maps, which protect GOP majorities while diluting voices of voters of color," October 25, 2021
  24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 All About Redistricting, "Texas," accessed May 7, 2015
  25. All About Redistricting, "Texas," accessed May 7, 2015
  26. All About Redistricting, "Litigation in the 2010 cycle, Texas," accessed May 7, 2015
  27. Barone, M. & McCutcheon, C. (2013). The almanac of American politics 2014 : the senators, the representatives and the governors : their records and election results, their states and districts. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  28. Cook Political Report, "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)," accessed July 1, 2025
  29. Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
  30. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
  31. Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
  32. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
  33. Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  34. FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018


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