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Texas' 31st Congressional District

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Texas redrew its congressional district boundaries in August 2025. Voters will elect representatives under the new map in 2026. Click here to read more about mid-decade redistricting ahead of the 2026 elections.

Texas' 31st Congressional District
Incumbent
Assumed office: January 3, 2003

Texas' 31st Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by John Carter (R).

As of the 2020 Census, Texas representatives represented an average of 767,981 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 701,901 residents.

Elections

See also: Texas's 31st Congressional District election, 2030


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2028


There are no official candidates yet for this election.


See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2026

General election

The primary will occur on March 3, 2026. The general election will occur on November 3, 2026. General election candidates will be added here following the primary.

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Greg Stoker (G) is running in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 3, 2026.

Candidate
Greg Stoker (G)

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Justin Early (D), Brian Trautner (D), and Stuart Whitlow (D) are running in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 3, 2026.


Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

The following candidates are running in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 3, 2026.


Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2024

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Stuart Whitlow (D) in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter (R)
 
64.4
 
229,087
Image of Stuart Whitlow
Stuart Whitlow (D)  Candidate Connection
 
35.6
 
126,470

Total votes: 355,557
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary runoff

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Stuart Whitlow (D) defeated Brian Walbridge (D) in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31 on May 28, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Stuart Whitlow
Stuart Whitlow  Candidate Connection
 
68.5
 
3,512
Image of Brian Walbridge
Brian Walbridge  Candidate Connection
 
31.5
 
1,614

Total votes: 5,126
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Stuart Whitlow (D) and Brian Walbridge (D) advanced to a runoff. They defeated Rick Von Pfeil (D) in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Stuart Whitlow
Stuart Whitlow  Candidate Connection
 
48.4
 
10,023
Image of Brian Walbridge
Brian Walbridge  Candidate Connection
 
25.8
 
5,346
Image of Rick Von Pfeil
Rick Von Pfeil  Candidate Connection
 
25.8
 
5,332

Total votes: 20,701
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 5, 2024.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter
 
65.3
 
55,092
Image of Mike Williams
Mike Williams
 
11.1
 
9,355
Image of Mack Latimer
Mack Latimer  Candidate Connection
 
7.8
 
6,593
Image of Abhiram Garapati
Abhiram Garapati
 
7.4
 
6,256
Image of William Abel
William Abel  Candidate Connection
 
5.2
 
4,362
Image of John Anderson
John Anderson
 
3.2
 
2,732

Total votes: 84,390
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Libertarian Party convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 31

Caleb Ferrell (L) advanced from the Libertarian Party convention for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 23, 2024.

Candidate
Image of Caleb Ferrell
Caleb Ferrell  Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter (R) won election in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter (R)
 
100.0
 
183,185

Total votes: 183,185
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary

The Democratic primary scheduled for March 1, 2022, was canceled.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Mike Williams (R) and Abhiram Garapati (R) in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 1, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter
 
71.1
 
50,887
Image of Mike Williams
Mike Williams
 
19.7
 
14,115
Image of Abhiram Garapati
Abhiram Garapati  Candidate Connection
 
9.2
 
6,590

Total votes: 71,592
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2020

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Donna Imam (D), Clark Patterson (L), and Jonathan Scott (Independent) in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter (R)
 
53.4
 
212,695
Image of Donna Imam
Donna Imam (D)
 
44.3
 
176,293
Image of Clark Patterson
Clark Patterson (L)  Candidate Connection
 
2.2
 
8,922
Image of Jonathan Scott
Jonathan Scott (Independent) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
147

Total votes: 398,057
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary runoff

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Donna Imam (D) defeated Christine Eady Mann (D) in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31 on July 14, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Donna Imam
Donna Imam
 
56.6
 
21,026
Image of Christine Eady Mann
Christine Eady Mann
 
43.4
 
16,109

Total votes: 37,135
(100% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Christine Eady Mann
Christine Eady Mann
 
34.7
 
24,145
Image of Donna Imam
Donna Imam
 
30.7
 
21,352
Image of Tammy Young
Tammy Young
 
14.3
 
9,956
Michael Grimes (Withdrew, appeared on ballot)
 
10.8
 
7,542
Image of Eric Hanke
Eric Hanke  Candidate Connection
 
5.9
 
4,117
Image of Dan Janjigian
Dan Janjigian  Candidate Connection
 
3.6
 
2,471

Total votes: 69,583
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Mike Williams (R), Christopher Wall (R), and Abhiram Garapati (R) in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter
 
82.3
 
53,070
Image of Mike Williams
Mike Williams  Candidate Connection
 
8.6
 
5,560
Image of Christopher Wall
Christopher Wall  Candidate Connection
 
4.9
 
3,155
Image of Abhiram Garapati
Abhiram Garapati  Candidate Connection
 
4.2
 
2,717

Total votes: 64,502
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian Party convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 31

Clark Patterson (L) advanced from the Libertarian Party convention for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 21, 2020.

Candidate
Image of Clark Patterson
Clark Patterson  Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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See also: United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Mary Jennings Hegar (D) and Jason Hope (L) in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter (R)
 
50.6
 
144,680
Image of Mary Jennings Hegar
Mary Jennings Hegar (D)
 
47.7
 
136,362
Jason Hope (L)
 
1.7
 
4,965

Total votes: 286,0070
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary runoff

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Mary Jennings Hegar (D) defeated Christine Eady Mann (D) in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31 on May 22, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mary Jennings Hegar
Mary Jennings Hegar
 
62.2
 
8,843
Image of Christine Eady Mann
Christine Eady Mann
 
37.8
 
5,371

Total votes: 14,214
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Mary Jennings Hegar (D) and Christine Eady Mann (D) advanced to a runoff. They defeated Mike Clark (D) and Richard Kent Lester (D) in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Mary Jennings Hegar
Mary Jennings Hegar
 
44.9
 
13,803
Image of Christine Eady Mann
Christine Eady Mann
 
33.5
 
10,305
Image of Mike Clark
Mike Clark
 
11.2
 
3,449
Image of Richard Kent Lester
Richard Kent Lester
 
10.3
 
3,178

Total votes: 30,735
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Mike Sweeney (R) in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of John Carter
John Carter
 
65.5
 
34,513
Image of Mike Sweeney
Mike Sweeney
 
34.5
 
18,184

Total votes: 52,697
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Previous election results


District map

2023_01_03_tx_congressional_district_031.jpg

Redistricting

2025-2026

See also: Redistricting in Texas ahead of the 2026 elections

In August 2025, the Texas Legislature proposed a new congressional district map during special legislative sessions that prompted Democratic legislators to leave the state to prevent a quorum.[9][10] Click here to read more about the 2025 Democratic walkout during mid-decade redistricting in Texas.

On August 20, 2025, the Texas House approved House Bill 4 containing a new congressional map by an 88-52 vote along party lines.[11] On August 23, 2025, the Texas Senate approved the map by an 18-11 vote along party lines.[12] Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed the new map into law on August 29, 2025.[13] The bill text stated the new district boundaries would take effect for the 2026 elections.[14]

On November 18, 2025, a three-judge panel ruled 2-1 to block Texas from using the 2025 map in the 2026 elections, and ordered the state to use the 2021 map.[15] On November 21, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court temporarily paused the panel's ruling, reinstating the new map pending further Court action.[16] On December 4, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the 2025 map could be used for the 2026 elections.[17]

2020-2021

See also: Redistricting in Texas after the 2020 census

After the 2020 census, Texas enacted new congressional districts on October 25, 2021. The Senate released a proposed congressional map on September 27, 2021, and approved an amended version of the proposal on October 8, 2021.[18] On October 13, 2021, the House Redistricting Committee approved an amended version of the congressional map, and both chambers of the legislature approved a finalized version of the map on October 18, 2021. The Senate approved the proposal in an 18-13 vote, and the House approved the bill in an 84-59 vote.[19] Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed the map into law on October 25, 2021.[20] This map took effect for Texas' 2022 congressional elections.

How does redistricting in Texas work? In Texas, both congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the Texas State Legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.[21]

If the state legislature is unable to approve a state legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines (the backup commission is not involved in congressional redistricting). This backup commission, established in 1948, comprises the following members:[21]

  1. Lieutenant governor
  2. Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives
  3. Attorney general
  4. State comptroller
  5. Commissioner of the General Land Office

The Texas Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and "that they preserve whole counties when population mandates permit."[21]

2020

2019_05_02_tx_congressional_district_031.jpg

2024

2023_01_03_tx_congressional_district_031.jpg
The 31st Congressional District of Texas, prior to the 2010-2011 redistricting process.
See also: Redistricting in Texas after the 2010 census

Following the 2010 United States Census, Texas gained four congressional seats. Texas' final congressional redistricting plan was approved by the Texas Legislature and signed by Gov. Rick Perry (R) in June 2013.[22][23][24]

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

2026

Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+11. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 11 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st the 105th most Republican district nationally.[25]

2024

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+14. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 14 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st the 100th most Republican district nationally.[26]

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 59.2%-39.0%.[27]

2022

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+14. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 14 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st the 104th most Republican district nationally.[28]

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 39.0% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 59.2%.[29]

2018

Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+10. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 10 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st Congressional District the 130th most Republican nationally.[30]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.06. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.06 points toward that party.[31]

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. Texas Secretary of State, "2016 March Primary Election Candidate Filings by County," accessed December 15, 2015
  2. The New York Times, "Texas Primary Results," March 1, 2016
  3. Politico, "2012 Election Map, Texas," November 6, 2012
  4. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  5. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
  6. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
  7. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  8. U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
  9. Associated Press, "Texas Democrats fleeing state to block redistricting vote follows strategy that’s had mixed results," August 3, 2025
  10. Texas Tribune, "The Texas Legislature is back for a special session. Here’s what we’re watching.," July 21, 2025
  11. CBS News, "Texas House passes GOP redistricting plan after weeks-long standoff," August 20, 2025
  12. Houston Chronicle, "Texas Democrats ramp up criticism of new Texas congressional map after Senate sends it to governor," August 23, 2025
  13. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named signed
  14. LegiScan, "Texas House Bill 4," accessed August 29, 2025
  15. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 2025block
  16. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named scotusstay
  17. Politico, "Supreme Court gives Texas OK to use House map drawn to boost GOP," December 4, 2025
  18. Texas Tribune, "Texas Senate approves congressional map that draws no new Black or Hispanic districts even as people of color fueled population growth," October 8, 2021
  19. Texas Legislature Online, "SB 6," accessed October 20, 2021
  20. Texas Tribune, "Gov. Greg Abbott signs off on Texas’ new political maps, which protect GOP majorities while diluting voices of voters of color," October 25, 2021
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 All About Redistricting, "Texas," accessed May 7, 2015
  22. All About Redistricting, "Texas," accessed May 7, 2015
  23. All About Redistricting, "Litigation in the 2010 cycle, Texas," accessed May 7, 2015
  24. Barone, M. & McCutcheon, C. (2013). The almanac of American politics 2014 : the senators, the representatives and the governors : their records and election results, their states and districts. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  25. Cook Political Report, "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)," accessed July 1, 2025
  26. Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed January 10, 2024
  27. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
  28. Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
  29. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
  30. Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  31. FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018


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Representatives
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Al Green (D)
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Chip Roy (R)
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