Texas' 31st Congressional District

Texas' 31st Congressional District

Incumbent

John Carter

Assumed office: January 3, 2003

Texas' 31st Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives is represented by John Carter (R).

As of the 2020 Census, Texas representatives represented an average of 767,981 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 701,901 residents.

Elections

2024

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2024

Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Democratic primary)

Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2024 (March 5 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Stuart Whitlow in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter (R)	64.4	229,087
		Stuart Whitlow (D)	35.6	126,470

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 355,557
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Caleb Ferrell (L)

Democratic primary runoff election

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Stuart Whitlow defeated Brian Walbridge in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31 on May 28, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Stuart Whitlow	68.5	3,512
		Brian Walbridge	31.5	1,614

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 5,126
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Stuart Whitlow and Brian Walbridge advanced to a runoff. They defeated Rick Von Pfeil in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Stuart Whitlow	48.4	10,023
✔		Brian Walbridge	25.8	5,346
		Rick Von Pfeil	25.8	5,332

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 20,701
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 5, 2024.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter	65.3	55,092
		Mike Williams	11.1	9,355
		Mack Latimer	7.8	6,593
		Abhiram Garapati	7.4	6,256
		William Abel	5.2	4,362
		John Anderson	3.2	2,732

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 84,390
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 31

Caleb Ferrell advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 23, 2024.

		Candidate
✔		Caleb Ferrell (L)

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2022

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter won election in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter (R)	100.0	183,185

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 183,185
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Christopher Scurry (D)
• Jonathan Hildner (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Mike Williams and Abhiram Garapati in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 1, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter	71.1	50,887
		Mike Williams	19.7	14,115
		Abhiram Garapati	9.2	6,590

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 71,592
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Derrick Johns (R)
• Jason Hutson (R)

2020

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2020

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Donna Imam, Clark Patterson, and Jonathan Scott in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter (R)	53.4	212,695
		Donna Imam (D)	44.3	176,293
		Clark Patterson (L)	2.2	8,922
		Jonathan Scott (Independent) (Write-in)	0.0	147

---

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 398,057
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Watch the Candidate Conversation for this race!

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Jeremy Bravo (Independent)
• Moshe Schrauth (Independent)

Democratic primary runoff election

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Donna Imam defeated Christine Eady Mann in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31 on July 14, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Donna Imam	56.6	21,026
		Christine Eady Mann	43.4	16,109

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 37,135 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Christine Eady Mann	34.7	24,145
✔		Donna Imam	30.7	21,352
		Tammy Young	14.3	9,956
	Submit photo	Michael Grimes (Unofficially withdrew)	10.8	7,542
		Eric Hanke	5.9	4,117
		Dan Janjigian	3.6	2,471

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 69,583
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Murray Holcomb (D)
• Omar Kadir (D)
• Jon Curtis (D)
• Roderick Kutch (D)
• Jeremiah Landin (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Mike Williams, Christopher Wall, and Abhiram Garapati in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 3, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter	82.3	53,070
		Mike Williams	8.6	5,560
		Christopher Wall	4.9	3,155
		Abhiram Garapati	4.2	2,717

---

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 64,502
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• John Bohlin (R)

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 31

Clark Patterson advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 21, 2020.

		Candidate
✔		Clark Patterson (L)

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2018

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Mary Jennings Hegar and Jason Hope in the general election for U.S. House Texas District 31 on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter (R)	50.6	144,680
		Mary Jennings Hegar (D)	47.7	136,362
	Submit photo	Jason Hope (L)	1.7	4,965

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 286,007
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary runoff election

Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31

Mary Jennings Hegar defeated Christine Eady Mann in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. House Texas District 31 on May 22, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mary Jennings Hegar	62.2	8,843
		Christine Eady Mann	37.8	5,371

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 14,214
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Mary Jennings Hegar and Christine Eady Mann advanced to a runoff. They defeated Mike Clark and Richard Kent Lester in the Democratic primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Mary Jennings Hegar	44.9	13,803
✔		Christine Eady Mann	33.5	10,305
		Mike Clark	11.2	3,449
		Richard Kent Lester	10.3	3,178

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 30,735
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31

Incumbent John Carter defeated Mike Sweeney in the Republican primary for U.S. House Texas District 31 on March 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		John Carter	65.5	34,513
		Mike Sweeney	34.5	18,184

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 52,697
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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2016

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Mike Clark (D) and Scott Ballard (L) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Carter defeated Mike Sweeney in the Republican primary on March 1, 2016, while Clark faced no opposition in the Democratic primary.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2016

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John Carter Incumbent	58.4%	166,060
	Democratic	Mike Clark	36.5%	103,852
	Libertarian	Scott Ballard	5.2%	14,676
Total Votes				284,588
Source: Texas Secretary of State

U.S. House, Texas District 31 Republican Primary, 2016

Candidate	Vote %	Votes
John Carter Incumbent	71.3%	62,817
Mike Sweeney	28.7%	25,306
Total Votes		88,123
Source: Texas Secretary of State

2014

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District elections, 2014

The 31st Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent John Carter (R) defeated Louie Minor (D) and Scott Ballard (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2014

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John Carter Incumbent	64%	91,607
	Democratic	Louie Minor	32%	45,715
	Libertarian	Scott Ballard	4%	5,706
Total Votes				143,028
Source: Texas Secretary of State

2012

See also: Texas' 31st Congressional District elections, 2012

The 31st Congressional District of Texas held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 6, 2012, in which incumbent John Carter (R) won re-election. He defeated Stephen Wyman (D) and Ethan Garofolo (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2012

Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John R. Carter Incumbent	61.3%	145,348
	Democratic	Stephen M. Wyman	35%	82,977
	Libertarian	Ethan Garofalo	3.7%	8,862
Total Votes				237,187
Source: Texas Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

2010
On November 2, 2010, John Carter won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Bill Oliver (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John Carter incumbent	82.5%	126,384
	Libertarian	Bill Oliver	17.5%	26,735
Total Votes				153,119

2008
On November 4, 2008, John Carter won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Brian Ruiz (D) and Barry Cooper (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John Carter incumbent	60.3%	175,563
	Democratic	Brian Ruiz	36.6%	106,559
	Libertarian	Barry Cooper	3.2%	9,182
Total Votes				291,304

2006
On November 7, 2006, John Carter won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Mary Beth Harrell (D) and Matt McAdoo (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John Carter incumbent	58.5%	90,869
	Democratic	Mary Beth Harrell	38.8%	60,293
	Libertarian	Matt McAdoo	2.7%	4,221
Total Votes				155,383

2004
On November 2, 2004, John Carter won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Jon Porter (D) and Celeste Adams (L) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2004
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John Carter incumbent	64.8%	160,247
	Democratic	Jon Porter	32.5%	80,292
	Libertarian	Celeste Adams	2.8%	6,888
Total Votes				247,427

2002
On November 5, 2002, John Carter won election to the United States House. He defeated David Bagley (D), Clark Simmons (L), John Petersen (G) and R. C. Crawford (I) in the general election.

U.S. House, Texas District 31 General Election, 2002
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	John Carter	69.1%	111,556
	Democratic	David Bagley	27.4%	44,183
	Libertarian	Clark Simmons	1.3%	2,037
	Green	John Petersen	1.2%	1,992
	Independent	R. C. Crawford	1.1%	1,716
Total Votes				161,484

Redistricting

2020-2021

See also: Redistricting in Texas after the 2020 census

In August 2025, the Texas Legislature proposed a new congressional district map during special legislative sessions that prompted Democratic legislators to leave the state to prevent a quorum. Click here to read more about the 2025 Democratic walkout during mid-decade redistricting in Texas.

On August 20, 2025, the Texas House approved House Bill 4 containing a new congressional map by an 88-52 vote along party lines. On August 23, 2025, the Texas Senate approved the map by an 18-11 vote along party lines. Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed the new map into law on August 29, 2025. The bill text stated the new district boundaries would take effect for the 2026 elections.

Texas first enacted new congressional districts on October 25, 2021. The Senate released a proposed congressional map on September 27, 2021, and approved an amended version of the proposal on October 8, 2021. On October 13, 2021, the House Redistricting Committee approved an amended version of the congressional map, and both chambers of the legislature approved a finalized version of the map on October 18, 2021. The Senate approved the proposal in an 18-13 vote, and the House approved the bill in an 84-59 vote. Gov. Greg Abbott (R) signed the map into law on October 25, 2021. This map took effect for Texas' 2022 congressional elections.

How does redistricting in Texas work? In Texas, both congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the Texas State Legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.

If the state legislature is unable to approve a state legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines (the backup commission is not involved in congressional redistricting). This backup commission, established in 1948, comprises the following members:

1. Lieutenant governor
2. Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives
3. Attorney general
4. State comptroller
5. Commissioner of the General Land Office

The Texas Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and "that they preserve whole counties when population mandates permit."

Texas District 31
before 2020 redistricting cycle

Click a district to compare boundaries.

Texas District 31
after 2020 redistricting cycle

Click a district to compare boundaries.

The 31st Congressional District of Texas, prior to the 2010-2011 redistricting process.

See also: Redistricting in Texas after the 2010 census

Following the 2010 United States Census, Texas gained four congressional seats. Texas' final congressional redistricting plan was approved by the Texas Legislature and signed by Gov. Rick Perry (R) in June 2013.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

2026

Heading into the 2026 elections, based on results from the 2024 and 2020 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district is R+11. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 11 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st the 105th most Republican district nationally.

2024

Heading into the 2024 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+14. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 14 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st the 100th most Republican district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Donald Trump (R) would have defeated Joe Biden (D) 59.2%-39.0%.

2022

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+14. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 14 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st the 104th most Republican district nationally.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 39.0% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 59.2%.

2018

Heading into the 2018 elections, based on results from the 2016 and 2012 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+10. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 10 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made Texas' 31st Congressional District the 130th most Republican nationally.

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 1.06. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 1.06 points toward that party.

See also

• Redistricting in Texas
• Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2024
• Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2022
• Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2020
• Texas' 31st Congressional District election, 2018

External links

• GovTrack.us Texas's 31st Congressional District & Map

Footnotes

[show]

Texas' current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

John Cornyn (R)

Ted Cruz (R)

Representatives

District 1

Nathaniel Moran (R)

District 2

Daniel Crenshaw (R)

District 3

Keith Self (R)

District 4

Pat Fallon (R)

District 5

Lance Gooden (R)

District 6

Jake Ellzey (R)

District 7

Lizzie Fletcher (D)

District 8

Morgan Luttrell (R)

District 9

Al Green (D)

District 10

Michael McCaul (R)

District 11

August Pfluger (R)

District 12

Craig Goldman (R)

District 13

Ronny Jackson (R)

District 14

Randy Weber (R)

District 15

Monica De La Cruz (R)

District 16

Veronica Escobar (D)

District 17

Pete Sessions (R)

District 18

Vacant

District 19

Jodey Arrington (R)

District 20

Joaquin Castro (D)

District 21

Chip Roy (R)

District 22

Troy Nehls (R)

District 23

Tony Gonzales (R)

District 24

Beth Van Duyne (R)

District 25

Roger Williams (R)

District 26

Brandon Gill (R)

District 27

Michael Cloud (R)

District 28

Henry Cuellar (D)

District 29

Sylvia Garcia (D)

District 30

Jasmine Crockett (D)

District 31

John Carter (R)

District 32

Julie Johnson (D)

District 33

Marc Veasey (D)

District 34

Vicente Gonzalez (D)

District 35

Greg Casar (D)

District 36

Brian Babin (R)

District 37

Lloyd Doggett (D)

District 38

Wesley Hunt (R)

Republican Party (27)

Democratic Party (12)

Vacancies (1)