Texas Proposition 11, Increase Homestead Tax Exemption for Elderly and Disabled Amendment (2025)

Texas Proposition 11
Election date November 4, 2025
Topic Homestead tax exemptions and Property tax exemptions
Status On the ballot
Type Legislatively referred constitutional amendment	Origin State legislature

Texas Proposition 11, the Increase Homestead Tax Exemption for Elderly and Disabled Amendment, is on the ballot in Texas as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment on November 4, 2025.

A "yes" vote supports amending the state constitution to increase the property tax exemption from $10,000 to $60,000 of the market value for homesteads owned by elderly or disabled individuals.

A "no" vote opposes amending the state constitution to increase the property tax exemption from $10,000 to $60,000 of the market value for homesteads owned by elderly or disabled individuals.

Overview

How would Proposition 11 change the property tax exemption for elderly and disabled residents?

See also: Text of measure

Proposition 11 would amend Article 8 of the Texas Constitution to increase the homestead property tax exemption from $10,000 to $60,000 of the market value of the residence of persons who are disabled or 65 years or older. To qualify for the disabled exemption, the individual must also qualify to receive disability benefits under the Federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Program administered by the Social Security Administration. Property taxes on the residence of a disabled individual or their surviving spouse do not increase from the year the individual qualifies for the exemption.

The temporary provision of the amendment provides that the increased exemption would apply to the 2025 tax year.

The Texas State Legislature also passed the implementing legislation, Senate Bill 23 (SB 23), during the 2025 legislative session. SB 23 would take effect if Proposition 11 is approved in November.

How do property tax exemptions on homesteads work in Texas?

See also: Property tax exemptions on homesteads in Texas

A homestead property tax exemption reduces the taxable value of a residence. State law defines residence homestead as a structure (including a mobile home) or a separately secured and occupied portion of a structure; any land the structure is on, not to exceed 20 acres; and improvements used in the residential occupancy of the structure, if the structure and the land are owned by the same person.

In addition to the elderly and disabled property tax exemption, the Texas Constitution authorizes a general homestead exemption of $100,000, which is also available to residents 65 years and older and disabled persons. This means the taxable value of a residence owned by a person 65 years or older or disabled is currently reduced by $110,000. In November, Texas voters will also be deciding on an amendment to increase the general homestead tax exemption from $100,000 to $140,000, raising the combined exemption for elderly and disabled persons to $200,000 if both amendments are approved.

Who supports and opposes Proposition 11?

See also: Support and Opposition

Proposition 11 was endorsed by South Texans’ Property Rights Association, Texas Association of Builders, Texas Realtors, and Texas Silver-Haired Legislature during the legislative process. Ballotpedia has not located arguments in support of the ballot measure. You can share arguments, along with source links for this information, with us at editor@ballotpedia.org.

Texas Policy Research opposes Proposition 11, saying, "While compassionate in intent, this measure shifts the tax burden onto younger and non-exempt Texans, expands state spending commitments without reform, and erodes tax equity. True relief should come through comprehensive reform—not piecemeal exemptions that weaken limited government and fiscal discipline."

Text of measure

Ballot title

The ballot title is as follows:

“

The constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to increase the amount of the exemption from ad valorem taxation by a school district of the market value of the residence homestead of a person who is elderly or disabled.

”

Constitutional changes

See also: Article 8, Texas Constitution

The measure would amend section 1-b of Article 8 of the state constitution. The following underlined text would be added, and struck-through text would be deleted: Note: Hover over the text and scroll to see the full text.

Section 1-b

(c) The amount of $100,000 of the market value of the residence homestead of a married or unmarried adult, including one living alone, is exempt from ad valorem taxation for general elementary and secondary public school purposes. The legislature by general law may provide that all or part of the exemption does not apply to a district or political subdivision that imposes ad valorem taxes for public education purposes but is not the principal school district providing general elementary and secondary public education throughout its territory. In addition to this exemption, the legislature by general law may exempt an amount not to exceed $60,000 $10,000 of the market value of the residence homestead of a person who is disabled as defined in Subsection (b) of this section and of a person 65 years of age or older from ad valorem taxation for general elementary and secondary public school purposes. The legislature by general law may base the amount of and condition eligibility for the additional exemption authorized by this subsection for disabled persons and for persons 65 years of age or older on economic need. An eligible disabled person who is 65 years of age or older may not receive both exemptions from a school district but may choose either. An eligible person is entitled to receive both the exemption required by this subsection for all residence homesteads and any exemption adopted pursuant to Subsection (b) of this section, but the legislature shall provide by general law whether an eligible disabled or elderly person may receive both the additional exemption for the elderly and disabled authorized by this subsection and any exemption for the elderly or disabled adopted pursuant to Subsection (b) of this section. Where ad valorem tax has previously been pledged for the payment of debt, the taxing officers of a school district may continue to levy and collect the tax against the value of homesteads exempted under this subsection until the debt is discharged if the cessation of the levy would impair the obligation of the contract by which the debt was created. The legislature shall provide for formulas to protect school districts against all or part of the revenue loss incurred by the implementation of this subsection, Subsection (d) of this section, and Section 1-d-1 of this article. The legislature by general law may define residence homestead for purposes of this section.

TEMPORARY PROVISION. (a) This temporary provision applies to the constitutional amendment proposed by the 89th Legislature, Regular Session, 2025, authorizing the legislature to increase the amount of the exemption from ad valorem taxation by a school district of the market value of the residence homestead of a person who is elderly or disabled.

(b) The amendment to Section 1-b(c), Article VIII, of this constitution takes effect for the tax year beginning January 1, 2025.

(c) This temporary provision expires January 1, 2027.

Full text

The full text is available here.

Support

Ballotpedia has not located a campaign in support of the ballot measure. You can share campaign information or arguments, along with source links for this information, with us at editor@ballotpedia.org.

Supporters

Organizations

• South Texans’ Property Rights Association
• Texas Association of Builders
• Texas Realtors
• Texas Silver-Haired Legislature

Arguments

You can share campaign information or arguments, along with source links for this information, at editor@ballotpedia.org.

Opposition

Ballotpedia has not located a campaign in opposition to the ballot measure. You can share campaign information or arguments, along with source links for this information, with us at editor@ballotpedia.org.

Opponents

Organizations

• Texas Policy Research

Arguments

• Texas Policy Research: "While compassionate in intent, this measure shifts the tax burden onto younger and non-exempt Texans, expands state spending commitments without reform, and erodes tax equity. True relief should come through comprehensive reform—not piecemeal exemptions that weaken limited government and fiscal discipline."

Campaign finance

See also: Campaign finance requirements for Texas ballot measures

Ballotpedia has not identified any committees registered to support or oppose the measure. If you are aware of a committee registered to support or oppose this amendment, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.

	Cash Contributions	In-Kind Contributions	Total Contributions	Cash Expenditures	Total Expenditures
Support	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00
Oppose	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00
Total	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00	$0.00

Background

Property tax exemptions on homesteads in Texas

See also: Article 8, Texas Constitution

A homestead property tax exemption reduces the taxable value of a residence. The taxable value can either be the market value or the property's assessed value. Market value is the price at which the property would be sold. Assessed value is calculated by applying an assessment ratio to the market value.

Article 8 of the Texas Constitution is labeled "Taxation and Revenue" and provides for the following property tax exemptions on residence homesteads:

• $100,000 general property tax exemption;
• $10,000 property tax exemption for persons 65 years or older or disabled persons;
• a property tax exemption equal to the disability rating of a disabled veteran or their surviving spouse;
• a total property tax exemption for the surviving spouse of certain first responders killed or fatally injured in the line of duty;
• 100% exemption on the entire appraised value increase due to a solar or wind device being installed on the property.

State law defines residence homestead as:

• a structure (including a mobile home) or a separately secured and occupied portion of a structure;
• any land the structure is on, not to exceed 20 acres; and
• improvements used in the residential occupancy of the structure, if the structure and the land are owned by the same person.

The homestead must be:

• owned by one or more individuals, either directly or through a beneficial interest in a qualifying trust;
• designed or adapted for human residence;
• used as a residence; and
• occupied as the individual's principal residence by an owner, the owner's surviving spouse, or a trustor or beneficiary of the trust who qualifies for the exemption.

Senate Bill 23 (2025)

The Texas State Legislature passed Senate Bill 23 (SB 23), the implementing legislation for Proposition 11, during the 2025 legislative session. SB 23 would take effect if Proposition 11 is approved. SB 23 would increase the homestead tax exemption for elderly and disabled residents from $10,000 to $60,000 of the appraised value of the homestead. The bill would also provide funds to school districts if the combined state and local revenue used to service existing debt does not meet the minimum payment on eligible debt as of September 1, 2025, due to the increase of the homestead exemption under the amendment. SB 23 would also authorize the state to provide additional financial aid to school districts if the combined state and local revenue used for maintenance and operations is less than the amount the district would be entitled to if the exemption increase was not approved

SB 23 passed in the state House by a vote of 141-0, with nine not voting or absent. It passed in the state Senate by a vote of 30-1.

The following chart estimates the net negative impact on the state's general revenue to cover the shortfall in school district revenue due to the increased homestead tax exemption as forecasted by the Legislative Budget Board:

Property taxes in Texas

Texas does not have a state property tax. Voters repealed the constitutional authorization for a state property tax in 1982 with the approval of Proposition 1. It was approved with 72.0% of voters supporting it.

Local governments, such as school districts, cities, and counties, are authorized to levy property taxes in Texas. The rate of local taxes is applied to the taxable value after any exemptions are deducted.

In fiscal year 2023, $81.4 billion was collected in property taxes in Texas. The chart below shows the property tax revenue reported by taxing unit (e.g., school district, cities, etc.):

Texas amendments related to property tax limits and exemptions for the elderly or disabled

Since 2000, Texas voters have decided on and approved six constitutional amendments related to property tax limits or exemptions for elderly or disabled persons or their surviving spouses. Each was approved with at least 78% of voters supporting it.

Year	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
2022	LRCA	Proposition 1	Authorize the Legislature to reduce the school tax limits for senior and disabled residents to reflect reductions passed as statute from the preceding tax year	a	1,128,380 (87%)	168,141 (13%)
2021	LRCA	Proposition 7	Amends the Texas Constitution to allow the legislature to extend a homestead tax limit for surviving spouses of disabled individuals as long as the spouse is 55 years old and resides at the home	a	1,285,384 (87%)	190,109 (13%)
2015	LRCA	Proposition 1	Increases the homestead exemption for school district property taxes from $15,000 to $25,000	a	1,369,813 (86%)	216,032 (14%)
2007	LRCA	Proposition 1	Reduce the school property tax freeze amounts on homesteads of the elderly or disabled, similar to tax reductions in 2006.	a	815,596 (88%)	113,983 (12%)
2003	LRCA	Proposition 13	Allow property tax freezes on residential homesteads for people who are disabled or aged 65 or older	a	1,125,947 (81%)	264,069 (19%)
2003	LRCA	Proposition 17	Prohibit school property tax increases on residence homesteads of disabled persons.	a	1,063,917 (78%)	304,860 (22%)

Related amendments on the 2025 Texas ballot

Texas voters will also be deciding on five other amendments related to property tax exemptions on November 4, 2025. The legislature voted to refer amendments to:

• establish a property tax exemption on all or part of the market value of the homestead of a surviving spouse of a veteran who died from a service-connected disease;
• provide a temporary homestead exemption for improvements made to residences destroyed by fire;
• increase the homestead property tax exemption from $100,000 to $140,000 of the market value for homesteads;
• exempt from property taxes increases in a property's value—located in a county bordering Mexico—that results from building or installing border security infrastructure; and
• enact a property tax exemption on animal feed held by the property owner for retail sale.

Path to the ballot

Amending the Texas Constitution

See also: Amending the Texas Constitution

A two-thirds (66.67%) vote is required during one legislative session for the Texas State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 100 votes in the Texas House of Representatives and 21 votes in the Texas State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

Senate Joint Resolution 85 (2025)

The following is the timeline of the constitutional amendment in the state legislature:

• April 16, 2025: Senate Joint Resolution 85 (SJR 85) was introduced.
• April 23, 2025: The senate passed SJR 85 by 31-0 vote.

Partisan Direction Index = +0.0% (Bipartisan)

Democratic Support

100.0%

Republican Support

100.0%

How does this vote compare to other legislative ballot measures in 2025?
Learn more about the ballot measures PDI →

 Texas State Senate

Voted on April 23, 2025

Votes Required to Pass: 21
	Yes	No	NV
Total	31	0	0
Total %	100.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Democratic (D)	11	0	0
Republican (R)	20	0	0

Texas House of Representatives

Voted on May 20, 2025

Votes Required to Pass: 100
	Yes	No	NV
Total	145	0	5
Total %	96.7%	0.0%	3.3%
Democratic (D)	60	0	2
Republican (R)	85	0	3

How to cast a vote

See also: Voting in Texas

See below to learn more about current voter registration rules, identification requirements, and poll times in Texas.

How to vote in Texas

Poll times

In Texas, all polling places are open from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. local time. Texas is divided between the Central and Mountain time zones. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.

Registration

Check your voter registration status here.

To register to vote in Texas, an applicant must be a United States citizen, a resident of the county in which he or she is registering, and at least 17 years and 10 months old.

The deadline to register to vote is 30 days before the election. Prospective voters can request a postage-paid voter registration form online or complete the form online and return it to the county voter registrar. Applications are also available at a variety of locations including the county voter registrar’s office, the secretary of state’s office, libraries, and high schools. Voter registration certificates are mailed to newly registered voters.

Automatic registration

Texas does not practice automatic voter registration.

Online registration

See also: Online voter registration

Texas does not permit online voter registration.

Same-day registration

Texas does not allow same-day voter registration.

Residency requirements

Prospective voters must reside in the county in which they are registering to vote.

Verification of citizenship

See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

Texas does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual applying to register to vote must attest that they are a U.S. citizen under penalty of perjury.

State law requires election officials to conduct a check of registered voters' citizenship status. Section 18.068 of the Texas Election Code says the following:

“	The secretary of state shall quarterly compare the information received under Section 16.001 of this code and Section 62.113, Government Code, to the statewide computerized voter registration list. If the secretary determines that a voter on the registration list is deceased or has been excused or disqualified from jury service because the voter is not a citizen, the secretary shall send notice of the determination to the voter registrar of the counties considered appropriate by the secretary.	”
—Section 18.068, Texas Election Code

In January 2019, the Texas secretary of state’s office announced that it would be providing local election officials with a list of registered voters who obtained driver’s licenses or IDs with documentation such as work visas or green cards. Counties would then be able to require voters on the list to provide proof of citizenship within 30 days. The review was halted by a federal judge in February 2019, and Secretary of State David Whitley rescinded the advisory in April. A news release from Whitley’s office stated that “... going forward, the Texas Secretary of State's office will send to county voter registrars only the matching records of individuals who registered to vote before identifying themselves as non-U.S. citizens to DPS when applying for a driver's license or personal identification card. This will ensure that naturalized U.S. citizens who lawfully registered to vote are not impacted by this voter registration list maintenance process.”

All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment. Seven states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming — have laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration, whether in effect or not. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allows noncitizens to vote in some local elections. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.

Verifying your registration

The Texas Secretary of State’s office allows residents to check their voter registration status online by visiting this website.

Voter ID requirements

Texas requires voters to present photo identification while voting.

The following list of accepted ID was current as of February 2023. Click here for the Texas Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

• Texas driver’s license issued by the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS)
• Texas Election Identification Certificate issued by DPS
• Texas Personal Identification Card issued by DPS
• Texas handgun license issued by DPS
• United States Military Identification Card containing the person’s photograph
• United States Citizenship Certificate containing the person’s photograph
• United States passport (book or card)

Identification provided by voters aged 18-69 may be expired for no more than four years before the election date. Voters aged 70 and older can use an expired ID card regardless of how long ago the ID expired.

Voters who are unable to provide one of the ID options listed above can sign a Reasonable Impediment Declaration and provide one of the following supporting documents:

• Copy or original of a government document that shows the voter’s name and an address, including the voter’s voter registration certificate
• Copy of or original current utility bill
• Copy of or original bank statement
• Copy of or original government check
• Copy of or original paycheck
• Copy of or original of (a) a certified domestic (from a U.S. state or territory) birth certificate or (b) a document confirming birth admissible in a court of law which establishes the voter’s identity (which may include a foreign birth document)

The following voters are exempt from showing photo ID:

• Voters with a disability
  • Voters with a disability "may apply with the county voter registrar for a permanent exemption to presenting an acceptable photo identification or following the Reasonable Impediment Declaration procedure in the county."
• Voters who have a religious objection to being photographed

Voters who do not have a photo ID can obtain a Texas Election Identification Certificate (EIC) at any Texas driver’s license office during regular business hours. Voters can also obtain an Election Identification Certificate from a mobile station. Locations are listed here.

See also

2025 ballot measures

View other measures certified for the 2025 ballot across the U.S. and in Texas.

• 2025 ballot measures
• Texas 2025 ballot measures
• Texas elections, 2025

Texas ballot measures

Explore Texas's ballot measure history, including constitutional amendments.

• List of Texas ballot measures
• Texas Historical Ballot Measures Factbook
• Homestead tax exemptions ballot measures
• Texas State Legislature

Legislative process

Understand how measures are placed on the ballot and the rules that apply.

• Legislatively referred constitutional amendment
• Texas Constitution
• Amending state constitutions

External links

• Text of SJR 85

Footnotes

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