United States Senate election in Kansas, 2022
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U.S. Senate, Kansas |
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Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
Election details |
Filing deadline: June 1, 2022 |
Primary: August 2, 2022 General: November 8, 2022 |
How to vote |
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Voting in Kansas |
Race ratings |
Inside Elections: Solid Republican Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican |
Ballotpedia analysis |
U.S. Senate battlegrounds U.S. House battlegrounds Federal and state primary competitiveness Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022 |
See also |
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th Kansas elections, 2022 U.S. Congress elections, 2022 U.S. Senate elections, 2022 U.S. House elections, 2022 |
Voters in Kansas elected one member to the U.S. Senate in the general election on November 8, 2022. The primary was scheduled for August 2, 2022. The filing deadline was June 1, 2022.
The election filled the Class III Senate seat held by Jerry Moran (R), who first took office in 2011. The outcome of this race affected the partisan balance of the U.S. Senate in 2022. Democrats retained their majority and gained one net seat, with the Senate's post-election partisan balance at 51 Democrats and 49 Republicans.
Thirty-five of 100 seats were up for election, including one special election.[1] At the time of the election, Democrats had an effective majority, with the chamber split 50-50 and Vice President Kamala Harris (D) having the tie-breaking vote.[2] Of the seats up for election in 2022, Democrats held 14 and Republicans held 21.
For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
- United States Senate election in Kansas, 2022 (August 2 Republican primary)
- United States Senate election in Kansas, 2022 (August 2 Democratic primary)
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for U.S. Senate Kansas
Incumbent Jerry Moran defeated Mark R. Holland and David Graham in the general election for U.S. Senate Kansas on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Jerry Moran (R) | 60.0 | 602,976 |
![]() | Mark R. Holland (D) ![]() | 37.0 | 372,214 | |
David Graham (L) | 3.0 | 29,766 |
Total votes: 1,004,956 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Kansas
The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Kansas on August 2, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Mark R. Holland ![]() | 38.1 | 101,429 |
![]() | Paul Buskirk ![]() | 20.2 | 53,750 | |
Patrick Wiesner ![]() | 17.6 | 47,034 | ||
Mike Andra | 12.6 | 33,464 | ||
![]() | Robert Klingenberg ![]() | 8.0 | 21,413 | |
![]() | Michael Soetaert | 3.6 | 9,464 |
Total votes: 266,554 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. Senate Kansas
Incumbent Jerry Moran defeated Joan Farr in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Kansas on August 2, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Jerry Moran | 80.5 | 383,332 |
![]() | Joan Farr ![]() | 19.5 | 93,016 |
Total votes: 476,348 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Libertarian convention
Libertarian convention for U.S. Senate Kansas
David Graham advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. Senate Kansas on April 23, 2022.
Candidate | ||
✔ | David Graham (L) |
![]() | ||||
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Voting information
- See also: Voting in Kansas
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
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Mark R. Holland (D)
The rights and access for abortion healthcare, as were previously interpreted under Roe v. Wade, should be enshrined into federal statutory law. I support a filibuster carve-out which will allow for passage of the legislation through the U.S. Senate with 51 votes. I believe this is an issue of separation of church and state and as a faith leader I will always speak out and fight for these rights.
The Supreme Court has announced that they have agreed to hear Moore v. Harper, which will determine if state courts should be able to overturn congressional voting maps drawn by the state legislatures, no matter how egregious the gerrymandering. Additionally, the Court has agreed to hear Merrill v. Milligan, which challenges the validity of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. These two cases can fundamentally alter our modern understanding of democracy. The protection and expansion of federal voting rights is a top priority and I will work with any Senator who shares my belief that our democracy hangs in the balance and must be protected.

Mark R. Holland (D)
The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law will invest in Kansas roads and bridges, clean water, public transportation, and high speed internet, while creating good-paying jobs for Kansans.
Quality public education should be available to every child in Kansas. Early childhood education along with public schools and colleges, are the backbone of economic development, attracting businesses and spurring community growth.
We must give healthcare robust support. Access to affordable healthcare is a human right, not a privilege. Too many hospitals have closed, leaving Kansans in small towns and large cities at risk.
We must protect an individual’s right to make their own decisions about reproductive health.
We owe our children a livable planet. Kansas is already a leader in wind energy and we must continue to expand renewable energies. Transitioning to them will create new jobs, expand the economy, and help with climate change.
Our country is under attack by extremists, who spread lies to remain in power. This same group is making it harder for people to fully participate in elections. To safeguard our democracy, we must pass federal voting rights legislation.
Campaign finance
This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[3] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[4] Click here to view the reporting schedule for candidates for U.S. Congress in 2022.
U.S. Congress campaign reporting schedule, 2022 | ||
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Report | Close of books | Filing deadline |
Year-end 2021 | 12/31/2021 | 1/31/2022 |
April quarterly | 3/31/2022 | 4/15/2022 |
July quarterly | 6/30/2022 | 7/15/2022 |
October quarterly | 9/30/2022 | 10/15/2022 |
Pre-general | 10/19/2022 | 10/27/2022 |
Post-general | 11/28/2022 | 12/08/2022 |
Year-end 2022 | 12/31/2022 | 1/31/2023 |
Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jerry Moran | Republican Party | $7,592,063 | $5,405,446 | $3,378,725 | As of December 31, 2022 |
Mike Andra | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Paul Buskirk | Democratic Party | $13,856 | $13,856 | $0 | As of November 15, 2022 |
Mark R. Holland | Democratic Party | $905,074 | $879,548 | $25,526 | As of December 31, 2022 |
Robert Klingenberg | Democratic Party | $4,974 | $4,689 | $239 | As of December 31, 2022 |
Michael Soetaert | Democratic Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Patrick Wiesner | Democratic Party | $36,425 | $24,965 | $12,070 | As of December 31, 2022 |
Joan Farr | Republican Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
David Graham | Libertarian Party | $0 | $0 | $0 | Data not available*** |
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2022. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
General election race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[5]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[6][7][8]
Race ratings: U.S. Senate election in Kansas, 2022 | |||||||||
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Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
November 8, 2022 | November 1, 2022 | October 25, 2022 | October 18, 2022 | ||||||
The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | |||||
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | Safe Republican | |||||
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. |
Ballot access
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in Kansas in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Kansas, click here.
Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2022 | ||||||
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State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
Kansas | U.S. Senate | Democratic or Republican | 1% of total party registration | $1,760.00 | 6/1/2022 | Source |
Kansas | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 5,000 | $20.00 | 8/1/2022 | Source |
Election history
2020
See also: United States Senate election in Kansas, 2020
United States Senate election in Kansas, 2020 (August 4 Republican primary)
United States Senate election in Kansas, 2020 (August 4 Democratic primary)
General election
General election for U.S. Senate Kansas
Roger Marshall defeated Barbara Bollier and Jason Buckley in the general election for U.S. Senate Kansas on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Roger Marshall (R) | 53.2 | 727,962 |
![]() | Barbara Bollier (D) | 41.8 | 571,530 | |
![]() | Jason Buckley (L) | 5.0 | 68,263 |
Total votes: 1,367,755 | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Paul Tuten (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Kansas
Barbara Bollier defeated Robert Tillman in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Kansas on August 4, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Barbara Bollier | 85.3 | 168,759 |
Robert Tillman | 14.7 | 28,997 |
Total votes: 197,756 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Usha Reddi (D)
- Elliott Adams (D)
- Nancy Boyda (D)
- Barry Grissom (D)
- Adam Smith (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. Senate Kansas
The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Kansas on August 4, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | ![]() | Roger Marshall | 40.3 | 167,800 |
![]() | Kris Kobach | 26.1 | 108,726 | |
![]() | Bob Hamilton | 18.7 | 77,952 | |
![]() | Dave Lindstrom | 6.6 | 27,451 | |
![]() | Steve Roberts | 2.0 | 8,141 | |
![]() | Brian Matlock ![]() | 1.7 | 7,083 | |
Lance Berland | 1.5 | 6,404 | ||
John Miller | 1.1 | 4,431 | ||
![]() | Derek Ellis | 1.0 | 3,970 | |
Gabriel Mark Robles | 0.9 | 3,744 | ||
![]() | John Berman | 0.2 | 861 |
Total votes: 416,563 (100.00% precincts reporting) | ||||
![]() | ||||
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Bryan Pruitt (R)
- Jacob LaTurner (R)
- Susan Wagle (R)
2016
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
62.2% | 732,376 | |
Democratic | Patrick Wiesner | 32.2% | 379,740 | |
Libertarian | Robert Garrard | 5.6% | 65,760 | |
N/A | Write-in | 0% | 46 | |
Total Votes | 1,177,922 | |||
Source: Kansas Secretary of State |
Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
62.9% | 59,522 | ||
Monique Singh | 37.1% | 35,042 | ||
Total Votes | 94,564 | |||
Source: Kansas Secretary of State |
Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
79.1% | 230,907 | ||
D.J. Smith | 20.9% | 61,056 | ||
Total Votes | 291,963 | |||
Source: Kansas Secretary of State |
2014
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | ![]() |
53.1% | 460,350 | |
Independent | Greg Orman | 42.5% | 368,372 | |
Libertarian | Randall Batson | 4.3% | 37,469 | |
Total Votes | 866,191 | |||
Source: Kansas Secretary of State Official Results |
Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
48.1% | 127,089 | ||
Milton Wolf | 40.8% | 107,799 | ||
D.J. Smith | 5.8% | 15,288 | ||
Alvin Zahnter | 5.4% | 14,164 | ||
Total Votes | 264,340 | |||
Source: Kansas Secretary of State |
2010
On November 2, 2010, Moran (R) won election to the United States Senate. He defeated Lisa Johnston (D), Michael Wm. Dann (L), and Joseph K. Bellis (Reformed Party) in the general election.[9]
United States Senate Democratic Primary, 2010 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | ![]() |
31.3% | 25,695 | |
Democratic | Charles Schollenberger | 23.6% | 19,426 | |
Democratic | David Haley | 19.1% | 15,731 | |
Democratic | Patrick Wiesner | 16.4% | 13,481 | |
Democratic | Robert A. Conroy | 9.6% | 7,857 | |
Total Votes | 82,190 | |||
Source: Kansas Secretary of State |
United States Senate Republican Primary, 2010 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Republican | ![]() |
49.7% | 163,483 | |
Republican | Todd Tiahrt | 44.6% | 146,702 | |
Republican | Tom Little | 3.1% | 10,256 | |
Republican | Robert (Bob) Londerholm | 2.5% | 8,278 | |
Total Votes | 328,719 | |||
Source: Kansas Secretary of State |
Election analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about demographics, past elections, and partisan control of the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the state.
- Statewide elections - Information about recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections in the state.
- State partisanship - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
- Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
Presidential elections
Cook PVI by congressional district
Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index for Kansas, 2022 | |||
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District | Incumbent | Party | PVI |
Kansas' 1st | Tracey Mann | ![]() |
R+18 |
Kansas' 2nd | Jacob LaTurner | ![]() |
R+11 |
Kansas' 3rd | Sharice Davids | ![]() |
R+1 |
Kansas' 4th | Ron Estes | ![]() |
R+14 |
2020 presidential results by 2022 congressional district lines
2020 presidential results in congressional districts based on 2022 district lines, Kansas[10] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
District | Joe Biden ![]() |
Donald Trump ![]() | ||
Kansas' 1st | 34.1% | 63.7% | ||
Kansas' 2nd | 40.7% | 57.0% | ||
Kansas' 3rd | 51.2% | 46.7% | ||
Kansas' 4th | 38.0% | 59.7% |
2012-2020
How a state's counties vote in a presidential election and the size of those counties can provide additional insights into election outcomes at other levels of government including statewide and congressional races. Below, four categories are used to describe each county's voting pattern over the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections: Solid, Trending, Battleground, and New. Click [show] on the table below for examples:
County-level voting pattern categories | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | |||||||
Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
Solid Democratic | D | D | D | ||||
Trending Democratic | R | D | D | ||||
Battleground Democratic | D | R | D | ||||
New Democratic | R | R | D | ||||
Republican | |||||||
Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
Solid Republican | R | R | R | ||||
Trending Republican | D | R | R | ||||
Battleground Republican | R | D | R | ||||
New Republican | D | D | R |
Following the 2020 presidential election, 60.9% of Kansans lived in one of the state's 100 Solid Republican counties, which voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election from 2012 to 2020, and 29.3% lived in one of three New Democratic counties: Johnson, Riley, and Shawnee. Overall, Kansas was Solid Republican, having voted for Mitt Romney (R) in 2012, Donald Trump (R) in 2016, and Donald Trump (R) in 2020. Use the table below to view the total number of each type of county in Kansas following the 2020 election as well as the overall percentage of the state population located in each county type.
Kansas county-level statistics, 2020 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solid Republican | 100 | 60.9% | |||||
New Democratic | 3 | 29.3% | |||||
Solid Democratic | 2 | 9.8% | |||||
Total voted Democratic | 5 | 39.1% | |||||
Total voted Republican | 100 | 60.9% |
Historical voting trends
Kansas presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 5 Democratic wins
- 26 Republican wins
Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winning Party | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Statewide elections
This section details the results of the five most recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections held in the state.
U.S. Senate elections
The table below details the vote in the five most recent U.S. Senate races in Kansas.
U.S. Senate election results in Kansas | ||
---|---|---|
Race | Winner | Runner up |
2020 | 53.2%![]() |
41.8%![]() |
2016 | 62.1%![]() |
32.2%![]() |
2014 | 53.1%![]() |
42.5%![]() |
2010 | 70.3%![]() |
26.2%![]() |
2008 | 60.0%![]() |
36.4%![]() |
Average | 59.7 | 35.8 |
Gubernatorial elections
- See also: Governor of Kansas
The table below details the vote in the five most recent gubernatorial elections in Kansas.
Gubernatorial election results in Kansas | ||
---|---|---|
Race | Winner | Runner up |
2018 | 48.0%![]() |
43.0%![]() |
2014 | 49.8%![]() |
48.1%![]() |
2010 | 62.3%![]() |
32.2%![]() |
2006 | 57.9%![]() |
40.4%![]() |
2002 | 52.9%![]() |
45.1%![]() |
Average | 54.2 | 41.8 |
State partisanship
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Kansas' congressional delegation as of November 2022.
Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Kansas, November 2022 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
Democratic | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Republican | 2 | 3 | 5 |
Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 4 | 6 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Kansas' top four state executive offices as of November 2022.
State executive officials in Kansas, November 2022 | |
---|---|
Office | Officeholder |
Governor | ![]() |
Lieutenant Governor | ![]() |
Secretary of State | ![]() |
Attorney General | ![]() |
State legislature
The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the Kansas State Legislature as of November 2022.
Kansas State Senate
Party | As of November 2022 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 11 | |
Republican Party | 29 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 40 |
Kansas House of Representatives
Party | As of November 2022 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 39 | |
Republican Party | 86 | |
Independent | 0 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 125 |
Trifecta control
As of November 2022, Kansas was a divided government, with Democrats controlling the governorship and Republican majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.
Kansas Party Control: 1992-2022
No Democratic trifectas • Sixteen years of Republican trifectas
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D |
Senate | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
House | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Demographics
The table below details demographic data in Kansas and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019.
Demographic Data for Kansas | ||
---|---|---|
Kansas | United States | |
Population | 2,853,118 | 308,745,538 |
Land area (sq mi) | 81,758 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White | 84.4% | 72.5% |
Black/African American | 5.9% | 12.7% |
Asian | 2.9% | 5.5% |
Native American | 0.8% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander | 0.1% | 0.2% |
Other (single race) | 2.5% | 4.9% |
Multiple | 3.5% | 3.3% |
Hispanic/Latino | 11.9% | 18% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate | 91% | 88% |
College graduation rate | 33.4% | 32.1% |
Income | ||
Median household income | $59,597 | $62,843 |
Persons below poverty level | 12% | 13.4% |
Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2010). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2014-2019). | ||
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ The special Senate election in California was for the same seat up for regular election. There were, then, 36 total Senate elections for 35 total seats.
- ↑ Two independents who caucus with Democrats are included with Democrats in the 50-50 split count.
- ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed September 9, 2022