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United States Senate election in Texas, 2024 (March 5 Democratic primary)
Colin Allred (D) defeated eight other candidates in the Democratic primary election for U.S. Senate in Texas on March 5, 2024. Three candidates led in fundraising, polling, and endorsements: Allred, Roland Gutierrez (D), and Carl Sherman Sr. (D).
Each of the three had legislative experience. Allred, a former NFL player and civil rights attorney, was first elected to the U.S. House in 2018. Gutierrez, an attorney, was elected to the state Senate in 2020 after 12 years in the state House and three on the San Antonio, Texas, city council. Sherman, a pastor, was elected to the state House in 2018 and earlier served two terms as mayor of DeSoto, Texas.
A Texas Tribune analysis of Allred and Gutierrez found the two differed on adding more seats to the U.S. Supreme Court (with Gutierrez in favor and Allred not in favor), adopting a single-payer healthcare system (which Gutierrez supported and Allred opposed), and introducing term limits for members of the U.S. Congress (with Gutierrez in favor and Allred opposed).[1] The two also differed on bipartisanship, with Allred saying he would pursue bipartisan legislation if elected and Gutierrez saying he would be a fighter and that bipartisanship was not a realistic goal.[2] Sherman's campaign emphasized his personal faith and values, saying Texas needs "a proven leader of unwavering principles and deep faith to guide us back to our centering moral compass."[3]
As of March 1, 2024, Allred had raised $21,371,157.51, followed by Gutierrez with $1,301,543.36, and Sherman with $173,565.91.
Also running in the primary were Meri Gomez (D), Mark Gonzalez (D), Ahmad Hassan (D), Steve Keough (D), Heli Rodriguez Prilliman (D), and Thierry Tchenko (D).
Incumbent Ted Cruz (R) won re-election 50.9%-48.3% against Beto O'Rourke (D) in 2018, and Republican candidates have won wider margins in more recent statewide contests. In the 2020 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) received 52.1% of the Texas vote to 46.5% for Joe Biden (D). In the 2022 election for governor, Greg Abbott (R) won re-election over Beto O'Rourke (D) 54.8% to 43.9%. The election helped determine the balance of power in the U.S. Senate—Democrats were defending a two-seat majority,[4] with 20 Democratic-held seats up for election to 10 Republican-held seats and three seats held by independents, two of whom caucus with Democrats.
Colin Allred (D), Tracy Andrus (D), Meri Gomez (D), Ahmad Hassan (D), Steve Keough (D), Carl Sherman Sr. (D), and Thierry Tchenko (D) completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. To read those survey responses, click here.
This page focuses on Texas' United States Senate Democratic primary. For more in-depth information on the state's Republican primary, Libertarian convention, and the general election, see the following pages:
- United States Senate election in Texas, 2024 (March 5 Republican primary)
- United States Senate election in Texas, 2024 (April 14 Libertarian convention)
- United States Senate election in Texas, 2024
Election news
This section includes a timeline of events leading up to the election.
Candidates and election results
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas
The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas on March 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Colin Allred  | 58.9 | 569,585 |
 | Roland Gutierrez | 16.6 | 160,978 | |
 | Mark A. Gonzalez | 8.8 | 85,228 | |
 | Meri Gomez | 4.6 | 44,166 | |
 | Carl Sherman Sr. | 3.3 | 31,694 | |
 | Ahmad Hassan | 2.3 | 21,855 | |
 | Steve Keough | 2.3 | 21,801 | |
| Heli Rodriguez Prilliman | 1.9 | 18,801 | ||
 | Thierry Tchenko | 1.4 | 13,395 | |
| Total votes: 967,503 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Zachariah Manning (D)
- Aaron Arguijo (D)
- Soren Pendragon (D)
- John Love III (D)
- Sherri Taylor (D)
- Victor D. Dunn (D)
- Tracy Andrus (D)
Voting information
- See also: Voting in Texas
Candidate comparison
Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: U.S. House of Representatives, Texas District 32 (Assumed office: 2019)
Submitted Biography: "My story is a uniquely Texas story. I am a fourth-generation Texan, and I was born and raised in Dallas by a single mom who was a public school teacher. With help from my aunt and uncle, my mom and I moved to North Dallas, where my mom, aunt and uncle still live a street apart. When not at a YMCA camp, I often spent summers visiting my grandmother in Brownsville, where my mom was raised and where my grandfather was a customs officer after fighting in the Pacific with the Navy in World War II. After graduating from Hillcrest, I earned a full-ride scholarship to play football at Baylor and trained for the NFL draft in Houston. My wife, Aly, and I are proud to be raising our family here in Dallas and I could not be more excited about my boys’ future as Texans. People from across this state have shaped me into who I am today and I know we are so much better than Ted Cruz makes us out to be."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Texas in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "Single Mom from South Texas who decided to get my degree in Accountancy and became a taxation consultant. 15 years of tax practice specializing in IRS compliance matters."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Texas in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office:
- Texas State Senate District 19 (Assumed office: 2021)
- Texas House of Representatives District 119 (2008-2021)
- San Antonio, Texas, City Council (2005-2008)
Biography: Gutierrez graduated from the University of Texas at San Antonio with a bachelor's degree in political science in 1989 and from St. Mary's University School of Law in 1998. As of the 2024 election, Gutierrez was the founder and president of the Gutierrez Law Firm, which specialized in immigration law.
Show sources
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Texas in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "A successful entrepreneur with a commitment to serving America, I hold degrees in both management and law. With extensive experience in real estate both locally and internationally, I've had the privilege of serving as a nominee chairman of Harris County and as a former nominee for county commissioner in Kansas."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Texas in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "Steve is a retired Navy Captain (Submariner). He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy, then earned a Masters degree in Congressional Studies and a law degree (JD). He currently teaches law at a law school in San Antonio, Texas. --- He has been a part of the pro-democracy movement worldwide. --- In January 1979 he chartered a plane and rescued Americans and other personnel and their families when the Shah fell in Tehran, Iran. --- His father was one of the hostages in Iran, taken in November 1979. ---Steve has done Intellectual property law in China and sailed with the Taiwanese Navy. He speaks Mandarin."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Texas in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "In the heart of the Lone Star State, Texas stands at a crossroads, grappling with moral and ethical challenges. It seeks a leader of unwavering principles and deep faith. Enter Rep. Carl Sherman, a proud father. Pastor. Husband. And dedicated Democrat with a compelling vision for Texas in the United States Senate. Sherman’s mission is clear: Texas needs a Senator who prioritizes people over partisanship. One who fights for all Texans and doesn't leave anyone behind. He is a champion for democracy, a thriving economy, and civil liberties. His unique background as a small-town city manager, a seasoned businessman, a former suburban mayor, and a dedicated senior pastor equips him to understand and address the diverse challenges faced by rural, suburban, and urban Texans. Sherman is a man of action, not empty rhetoric, ensuring his policies yield tangible results that enhance the lives of his constituents. He's a reformer, an outsider who bridges political divides, offering a fresh perspective to Texas politics. As DeSoto's first Black Mayor, he orchestrated a remarkable turnaround, boosting economic development and affordable housing. In the Texas House of Representatives, he authored bipartisan police reform in the wake of George Floyd's tragic murder and secured funding for UNT Dallas. His dedication to education, social justice reform, and quality of life for all Texans is evident."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Texas in 2024.
Party: Democratic Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "Thierry Tchenko was born and raised in Houston. He is the son of immigrants from Cameroon who came to the United States looking for better opportunity. Thierry is a lifelong public servant who has served as an organizer, former local government official, staffer on President Biden's 2020 campaign and most recently a nonprofit executive at one of Texas’s largest non-profit organizations providing home repairs to seniors, veterans, and low-income families in need at no cost to the homeowner. He has devoted his life to serving working families and everyday people. "
This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Texas in 2024.
Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses
Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.
Survey responses from candidates in this race
Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.
Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.
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Colin Allred (D)
I was raised by a single mom, who was a public school teacher. When I think about service, I think about how we can work to help families like mine growing up. To strengthen Texas, we must build the ladders of opportunity so everyone has the chance to chase their dreams. Through smart investments in affordable child care, early childhood education, job and skills training and expanding health care coverage we can increase productivity and grow our economy in a way that works for everyone. By making investments in our families, our workers and our infrastructure, we can strengthen our economy and ensure we are prepared to compete with anyone – while also lowering our debt.
It’s clear that we cannot afford six more years of Ted Cruz and his divisive agenda that is setting Texas and America on a dangerous course. But I know who we are, and I know we can still work together to find common ground and do big things. In my time in Congress, I have shown that we can create jobs by investing in our infrastructure and high-tech manufacturing; we can move forward on gun safety legislation; we can protect and expand access to affordable health care. All of this is possible when we put aside partisan politics and work together. That is something Ted Cruz has no interest in. He does not care about delivering for Texas, he only cares about himself.
Meri Gomez (D)
Taxes, taxes, TAXES! Let’s fix our tax code. From individual taxpayers to large corporation.
Let’s secure social security, and health care for ALL!
Ahmad Hassan (D)
Smart Solutions for Immigration: Addressing immigration issues with compassion and practicality, I'll work towards fair and effective policies that benefit our communities
Experience, Dedication, and Leadership: With a proven record of dedication and leadership, I bring the expertise needed to tackle our toughest challenges head-on and deliver results for our district.
Steve Keough (D)
Body Autonomy IS A BASIC RIGHT and IS HEALTH CARE: All U.S. citizens have a basic right to healthcare
Veterans' Rights are a Moral Imperative: We MUST do better by our veterans!
Carl Sherman Sr. (D)
Sherman is a trailblazer in local politics and public administration, with the vision, experience, and determination to bring meaningful change to the U.S. Senate
Sherman is a man of action, not empty rhetoric, ensuring his policies yield tangible results that enhance the lives of his constituents.
Thierry Tchenko (D)
Person: My parents made $200 a month in Cameroon before coming to USA. My dad was a gas station cashier at Stop & Go & my mom had various jobs in Houston. 29 years later, I am running for the U.S. Senate.
Principle: Psalm 128:1-2: "You shall eat the fruit of the labor of your hands..."
Problem: Everyday Texans are struggling. Millions of Texans don’t make a livable wage. Many politicians care more about tax breaks for their big donors than ensuring everyday folks can thrive.
Policy Proposal:
1. Cap CEO pay to hold big corporations accountable for getting record profits but not paying their workers fairly.
2. Raise minimum wage to $15 an hour.
3. Provide small businesses with more resources.
Immigration
Person: As a son of immigrants & a husband to an immigrant from Nicaragua, immigration is personal to me.
Principle: Deuteronomy 10:18-19: ".And you are to love those who are foreigners..."
Problem: Our immigration system is broken.
Policy Proposal: We can have a safe & secure border while also caring about humanity of migrants. Here's how:
Humanity of Migrants:
- Pass a state-based guest-worker program in Congress
- Pathway to Citizenship for those with no criminal record.
- Assign legal status to vetted migrants so they can work and help
Safe Borders
- Establish processing centers in Central America.
- Create automatic deportation rule for undocumented residents committing violent crimes.
Investing In Rural Texas
Person: I was born & raised in Houston but I attended McMurry University in Abilene. Abilene, if you don’t know it, is in West Texas!
Principle: Proverbs 31:8-9: As a servant, my duty is to speak up for those who are voiceless and/or do not have an advocate. Rural Texas does not have a strong advocate in Congress.
Problem: Rural Texans are not inferior to urban Texans. But the issues facing rural parts of Texas do not get the same attention as issues affecting our cities. That’s wrong.
Policy Proposal: Rural Bill of Rights. You can read all 11 rights at: tchenkofortexas.com/rural-bill-of-rights. These are two of the rights: - Right to affordable health insurance
- Right to fully funded public schools
Colin Allred (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Ahmad Hassan (D)
Steve Keough (D)
On his website you will find a longer list of issues that he is fighting for today, such as LGBTQIA rights, human trafficking, foreign policy, gun safety, national security, trade, jobs, infrastructure, solidarity with unions, climate change and quality educational access for all.
Carl Sherman Sr. (D)
Reducing Gun Violence Defending Our Democracy and Standing Up to Extremism Supporting Public Schools Helping with Inflation and Rising Costs
Advocating for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
Thierry Tchenko (D)
Colin Allred (D)
Congresswoman Johnson was a force in Congress, and though she never shied away from standing up for her values, she also worked across the aisle to get things done and deliver for Dallas and Texas. I saw this up close and personal serving with her on the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, where she was a fierce advocate for securing federal investment for transportation needs here in North Texas. There are few parts of our state that she has not made a mark – from improving the VA, to fighting for civil rights to transportation investment to her work to pass the Chips and Science Act as Chair of the House Science Committee.
Texas lost a giant when we lost Congresswoman Johnson, and I will always carry with me the lessons she taught me as I seek to serve all Texans in the U.S. Senate.
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Book: Good to Great, Sam Walton
Colin Allred (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Leading by example, when people see that I can do it, they feel empowered to try themselves.
Love what you do. It is with passion that we can overcome what we might feel is not achievable, so love will give someone the extra push to remain steadfast.
Steve Keough (D)
Thierry Tchenko (D)
Colin Allred (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Colin Allred (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Ahmad Hassan (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Thierry Tchenko (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Thierry Tchenko (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
2.) Securing Social Security. We must make sure that this program will remain and I want to ensure maximum benefits to improve quality of life.
3.) Health Care for all. The Affordable Care Act was a great start to a healthier America. We need to make it better. Let’s revisit the premium tax credit allocation and expand it to include vision and dental.
Steve Keough (D)
Fascism is not just a word used to recall tyrants of the past. Modern world leaders are currently pursuing anti-democratic, fascist ideals, including a consolidation of power taken from the people and given to political cronies. President Putin's illegal invasion of Ukraine is not the only example around the world of our need to constantly be vigilant and protective of democracies. Steve spent several years doing pro-democracy work in Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and has seen first hand the dangers of the rise in fascism.
And yet, the sleeping giant may be climate change.
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Colin Allred (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Boss: WHO?
Me: ::Smiles::
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Ahmad Hassan (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Thierry Tchenko (D)
Colin Allred (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Colin Allred (D)
Meri Gomez (D)
Thierry Tchenko (D)
Harris County Young Democrats Bexar County Young Democrats
Asian American Democrats of Texas
Meri Gomez (D)
Steve Keough (D)
Colin Allred (D)
Campaign advertisements
This section includes a selection of up to three campaign advertisements per candidate released in this race, as well as links to candidates' YouTube, Vimeo, and/or Facebook video pages. If you are aware of other links that should be included, please email us.
Colin Allred
View more ads here:
Roland Gutierrez
View more ads here:
Carl Sherman
| September 18, 2023 |
View more ads here:
Debates and forums
This section includes links to debates, forums, and other similar events where multiple candidates in this race participated. If you are aware of any debates or forums that should be included, please email us.
January 28 debate
On Jan. 28, 2024, Allred, Gutierrez, and Sherman participated in a debate hosted by the Texas AFL-CIO.[18]
Click on the links below for summaries of the event:
- Austin American-Statesman
- CBS Austin
- The Dallas Morning News
- FOX 4
- FOX 7 Austin
- KVUE
- KXAN
- San Antonio Express-News
- Texas Standard
- The Texas Tribune
Noteworthy endorsements
This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.
Election competitiveness
Polls
- See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
Polls are conducted with a variety of methodologies and have margins of error or credibility intervals.[22] The Pew Research Center wrote, "A margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level means that if we fielded the same survey 100 times, we would expect the result to be within 3 percentage points of the true population value 95 of those times."[23] For tips on reading polls from FiveThirtyEight, click here. For tips from Pew, click here.
Below we provide results for polls that are included in polling aggregation from FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, when available. Click here to read about FiveThirtyEight's criteria for including polls in its aggregation. We only report polls for which we can find a margin of error or credibility interval.
| U.S. Senate election in Texas, 2024: Democratic primary election polls | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Date | Colin Allred
|
Tracy Andrus
|
Aaron Arguijo
|
Victor Dunn
|
Meri Gomez
|
Mark Gonzalez
|
Roland Gutierrez
|
Ahmad Hassan
|
Steve Keough
|
John Love III
|
Soren Pendragon
|
Heli Rodriguez Prilliman
|
Carl Sherman Sr.
|
Sherri Taylor
|
Thierry Tchenko
|
Undecided/Other | Margin of error | Sample size[24] | Sponsor[25] |
| University of Texas at Tyler | Feb. 18–26, 2024 | 37% | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 22% | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 6% | -- | -- | 34% | ±5.3% | 441 LV | N/A |
| University of Texas/Texas Politics Project | Feb. 2–12, 2024 | 52% | -- | 0% | -- | 3% | 5% | 14% | 0% | 3% | -- | -- | 1% | 2% | -- | 1% | 18% | ±5.2% | 354 RV | N/A |
| University of Houston | Jan. 11–24, 2024 | 40% | -- | -- | -- | 4% | 2% | 12% | 1% | 1% | -- | -- | 1% | 1% | -- | 0% | 38% | ±5.1% | 372 LV | N/A |
| Emerson College | Jan. 13–15, 2024 | 29% | -- | -- | -- | 4% | 6% | 7% | 1% | 2% | -- | -- | 2% | 2% | -- | 2% | 45% | ±4.5% | 460 RV | Nexstar Media |
| University of Texas/Texas Politics Project | Dec. 1–10, 2023 | 28% | 1% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 2% | 7% | -- | 1% | 2% | -- | 0% | 2% | 2% | 0% | 50% | ±4.8% | 415 RV | N/A |
| Click [show] to see older poll results | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Date | Colin Allred
|
Tracy Andrus
|
Aaron Arguijo
|
Victor Dunn
|
Meri Gomez
|
Mark Gonzalez
|
Roland Gutierrez
|
Ahmad Hassan
|
Steve Keough
|
John Love III
|
Soren Pendragon
|
Heli Rodriguez Prilliman
|
Carl Sherman Sr.
|
Sherri Taylor
|
Thierry Tchenko
|
Undecided/Other | Margin of error | Sample size[26] | Sponsor[27] |
| University of Texas/Texas Politics Project | Oct. 5–17, 2023 | 21% | 2% | 1% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 10% | -- | 2% | 1% | -- | 1% | 2% | 3% | 2% | 47% | ±4.8% | 409 RV | N/A |
Race ratings
- See also: Race rating definitions and methods
Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:
- Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
- Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
- Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[28]
- Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.
Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[29][30][31]
| Race ratings: U.S. Senate election in Texas, 2024 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race tracker | Race ratings | ||||||||
| November 5, 2024 | October 29, 2024 | October 22, 2024 | October 15, 2024 | ||||||
| The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | |||||
| Decision Desk HQ and The Hill | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | |||||
| Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales | Tilt Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | |||||
| Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball | Lean Republican | Likely Republican | Likely Republican | Likely Republican | |||||
| Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week. | |||||||||
Election spending
Campaign finance
| Name | Party | Receipts* | Disbursements** | Cash on hand | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colin Allred | Democratic Party | $94,674,183 | $94,530,048 | $144,135 | As of December 31, 2024 |
| Meri Gomez | Democratic Party | $16,944 | $17,242 | $2 | As of June 30, 2024 |
| Mark A. Gonzalez | Democratic Party | $14,967 | $11,660 | $3,308 | As of February 14, 2024 |
| Roland Gutierrez | Democratic Party | $1,446,695 | $1,446,898 | $430 | As of September 30, 2024 |
| Ahmad Hassan | Democratic Party | $2,440 | $9,655 | $-781 | As of March 27, 2024 |
| Steve Keough | Democratic Party | $28,693 | $29,040 | $-1,057 | As of February 14, 2024 |
| Heli Rodriguez Prilliman | Democratic Party | $30,745 | $30,754 | $-9 | As of December 31, 2024 |
| Carl Sherman Sr. | Democratic Party | $179,297 | $167,936 | $11,360 | As of December 31, 2024 |
| Thierry Tchenko | Democratic Party | $142,864 | $142,864 | $0 | As of March 31, 2024 |
|
Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2024. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee." |
|||||
Satellite spending
Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[32][33]
If available, satellite spending reports by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and OpenSecrets.org are linked below. FEC links include totals from monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual reports. OpenSecrets.org compiles data from those reports as well as 24- and 48-hour reports from the FEC.[34]
Details about satellite spending of significant amounts and/or reported by media are included below those links. The amounts listed may not represent the total satellite spending in the election. To notify us of additional satellite spending, email us.
| By candidate | By election |
|---|---|
Election context
Ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in Texas in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Texas, click here.
| Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2024 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Office | Party | Signatures required | Signature formula | Filing fee | Filing fee formula | Filing deadline | Source |
| Texas | U.S. Senate | Democratic or Republican | 5,000 | Fixed number | $5,000.00 | Fixed number | 12/11/2023 | Source |
| Texas | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 83,717 | 1% of all votes cast for governor in the last election | N/A | N/A | 12/11/2023 | Source |
Texas U.S. Senate election history
2020
General election
General election for U.S. Senate Texas
Incumbent John Cornyn defeated Mary Jennings Hegar, Kerry McKennon, David B. Collins, and Ricardo Turullols-Bonilla in the general election for U.S. Senate Texas on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | John Cornyn (R) | 53.5 | 5,962,983 |
 | Mary Jennings Hegar (D) | 43.9 | 4,888,764 | |
 | Kerry McKennon (L) | 1.9 | 209,722 | |
 | David B. Collins (G) | 0.7 | 81,893 | |
 | Ricardo Turullols-Bonilla (Independent) (Write-in) | 0.0 | 678 | |
| Total votes: 11,144,040 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Arjun Srinivasan (Independent)
- Cedric Jefferson (People Over Politics Party)
- James Brumley (The Human Rights Party)
- Tim Smith (Independent)
Democratic primary runoff election
Democratic primary runoff for U.S. Senate Texas
Mary Jennings Hegar defeated Royce West in the Democratic primary runoff for U.S. Senate Texas on July 14, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Mary Jennings Hegar | 52.2 | 502,516 |
 | Royce West | 47.8 | 459,457 | |
| Total votes: 961,973 (100.00% precincts reporting) | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas
The following candidates ran in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Mary Jennings Hegar | 22.3 | 417,160 |
| ✔ | | Royce West | 14.7 | 274,074 |
 | Cristina Tzintzún Ramirez | 13.2 | 246,659 | |
 | Annie Garcia | 10.3 | 191,900 | |
 | Amanda Edwards | 10.1 | 189,624 | |
 | Chris Bell | 8.5 | 159,751 | |
 | Sema Hernandez | 7.4 | 137,892 | |
 | Michael Cooper | 4.9 | 92,463 | |
 | Victor Harris | 3.2 | 59,710 | |
 | Adrian Ocegueda | 2.2 | 41,566 | |
 | Jack Daniel Foster Jr. | 1.7 | 31,718 | |
 | D.R. Hunter | 1.4 | 26,902 | |
| Total votes: 1,869,419 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- John Love III (D)
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. Senate Texas
Incumbent John Cornyn defeated Dwayne Stovall, Mark Yancey, John Castro, and Virgil Bierschwale in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Texas on March 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | John Cornyn | 76.0 | 1,470,669 |
 | Dwayne Stovall | 11.9 | 231,104 | |
 | Mark Yancey | 6.5 | 124,864 | |
 | John Castro | 4.5 | 86,916 | |
 | Virgil Bierschwale | 1.1 | 20,494 | |
| Total votes: 1,934,047 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Green convention
Green convention for U.S. Senate Texas
David B. Collins advanced from the Green convention for U.S. Senate Texas on April 18, 2020.
Candidate | ||
| ✔ | | David B. Collins (G) |
| ||||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Libertarian convention
Libertarian convention for U.S. Senate Texas
Kerry McKennon advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. Senate Texas on August 3, 2020.
Candidate | ||
| ✔ | | Kerry McKennon (L) |
| ||||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
2018
General election
General election for U.S. Senate Texas
Incumbent Ted Cruz defeated Beto O'Rourke and Neal Dikeman in the general election for U.S. Senate Texas on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ |  | Ted Cruz (R) | 50.9 | 4,260,553 |
 | Beto O'Rourke (D) | 48.3 | 4,045,632 | |
 | Neal Dikeman (L) | 0.8 | 65,470 | |
| Total votes: 8,371,655 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Bob McNeil (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas
Beto O'Rourke defeated Sema Hernandez and Edward Kimbrough in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Texas on March 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Beto O'Rourke | 61.8 | 640,769 |
| Sema Hernandez | 23.7 | 245,847 | |
| Edward Kimbrough | 14.5 | 149,851 | ||
| Total votes: 1,036,467 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
Republican primary election
Republican primary for U.S. Senate Texas
Incumbent Ted Cruz defeated Mary Miller, Bruce Jacobson Jr., Stefano de Stefano, and Geraldine Sam in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Texas on March 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | | Ted Cruz | 85.3 | 1,315,146 |
 | Mary Miller | 6.1 | 94,274 | |
 | Bruce Jacobson Jr. | 4.2 | 64,452 | |
 | Stefano de Stefano | 2.9 | 44,251 | |
| Geraldine Sam | 1.5 | 22,767 | ||
| Total votes: 1,540,890 | |||
| = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey. | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2014
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican |  John Cornyn Incumbent |
61.6% | 2,861,531 | |
| Democratic | David Alameel | 34.4% | 1,597,387 | |
| Libertarian | Rebecca Paddock | 2.9% | 133,751 | |
| Green | Emily Marie Sanchez | 1.2% | 54,701 | |
| Write-in | Mohammed Tahiro | 0% | 988 | |
| Total Votes | 4,648,358 | |||
| Source: U.S. House Clerk "2014 Election Statistics" | ||||
Earlier results
To view the electoral history dating back to 2012 for the office of U.S. Senate, Texas, click [show] to expand the section. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2012
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Election analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about demographics, past elections, and partisan control of the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the state.
- Statewide elections - Information about recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections in the state.
- State partisanship - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
- Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
Cook PVI by congressional district
2020 presidential results by 2024 congressional district lines
| 2020 presidential results in congressional districts based on 2024 district lines, Texas[35] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Joe Biden
|
Donald Trump 
| ||
| Texas' 1st | 26.5% | 72.4% | ||
| Texas' 2nd | 37.9% | 60.7% | ||
| Texas' 3rd | 42.0% | 56.4% | ||
| Texas' 4th | 36.4% | 62.4% | ||
| Texas' 5th | 38.2% | 60.6% | ||
| Texas' 6th | 37.4% | 61.3% | ||
| Texas' 7th | 64.2% | 34.5% | ||
| Texas' 8th | 35.8% | 63.0% | ||
| Texas' 9th | 76.2% | 22.8% | ||
| Texas' 10th | 39.8% | 58.6% | ||
| Texas' 11th | 29.1% | 69.5% | ||
| Texas' 12th | 40.1% | 58.3% | ||
| Texas' 13th | 26.5% | 72.0% | ||
| Texas' 14th | 35.0% | 63.6% | ||
| Texas' 15th | 48.1% | 51.0% | ||
| Texas' 16th | 67.0% | 31.5% | ||
| Texas' 17th | 38.0% | 60.5% | ||
| Texas' 18th | 73.6% | 25.1% | ||
| Texas' 19th | 26.2% | 72.4% | ||
| Texas' 20th | 65.8% | 32.7% | ||
| Texas' 21st | 39.4% | 59.1% | ||
| Texas' 22nd | 41.3% | 57.4% | ||
| Texas' 23rd | 45.8% | 52.9% | ||
| Texas' 24th | 43.0% | 55.4% | ||
| Texas' 25th | 33.8% | 64.9% | ||
| Texas' 26th | 40.0% | 58.6% | ||
| Texas' 27th | 38.1% | 60.6% | ||
| Texas' 28th | 52.9% | 45.9% | ||
| Texas' 29th | 67.8% | 31.0% | ||
| Texas' 30th | 77.8% | 21.0% | ||
| Texas' 31st | 39.0% | 59.2% | ||
| Texas' 32nd | 65.7% | 32.7% | ||
| Texas' 33rd | 74.2% | 24.4% | ||
| Texas' 34th | 57.3% | 41.8% | ||
| Texas' 35th | 71.7% | 26.5% | ||
| Texas' 36th | 33.6% | 65.2% | ||
| Texas' 37th | 75.5% | 22.7% | ||
| Texas' 38th | 40.2% | 58.4% | ||
2012-2020
How a state's counties vote in a presidential election and the size of those counties can provide additional insights into election outcomes at other levels of government including statewide and congressional races. Below, four categories are used to describe each county's voting pattern over the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections: Solid, Trending, Battleground, and New. Click [show] on the table below for examples:
| County-level voting pattern categories | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | |||||||
| Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
| Solid Democratic | D | D | D | ||||
| Trending Democratic | R | D | D | ||||
| Battleground Democratic | D | R | D | ||||
| New Democratic | R | R | D | ||||
| Republican | |||||||
| Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
| Solid Republican | R | R | R | ||||
| Trending Republican | D | R | R | ||||
| Battleground Republican | R | D | R | ||||
| New Republican | D | D | R | ||||
Following the 2020 presidential election, 45.5% of Texans lived in one of the state's 18 Solid Democratic counties, which voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election from 2012 to 2020, and 40.1% lived in one of 223 Solid Republican counties. Overall, Texas was Solid Republican, having voted for Mitt Romney (R) in 2012, Donald Trump (R) in 2016, and Donald Trump (R) in 2020. Use the table below to view the total number of each type of county in Texas following the 2020 election as well as the overall percentage of the state population located in each county type.
| Texas county-level statistics, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid Democratic | 18 | 45.5% | |||||
| Solid Republican | 223 | 40.1% | |||||
| New Democratic | 3 | 10.2% | |||||
| Trending Democratic | 1 | 2.8% | |||||
| Trending Republican | 1 | 0.9% | |||||
| New Republican | 7 | 0.6% | |||||
| Battleground Republican | 1 | <0.1% | |||||
| Total voted Democratic | 22 | 58.5% | |||||
| Total voted Republican | 232 | 41.5% | |||||
Historical voting trends
Texas presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 16 Democratic wins
- 15 Republican wins
| Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winning Party | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
This section details the results of the five most recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections held in the state.
U.S. Senate elections
The table below details the vote in the five most recent U.S. Senate races in Texas.
| U.S. Senate election results in Texas | ||
|---|---|---|
| Race | Winner | Runner up |
| 2020 | 53.5% |
43.9%
|
| 2018 | 50.9% |
48.3%
|
| 2014 | 61.6% |
34.4%
|
| 2012 | 56.5% |
40.7%
|
| 2008 | 54.8% |
42.8%
|
| Average | 55.5 | 42.0 |
Gubernatorial elections
- See also: Governor of Texas
The table below details the vote in the five most recent gubernatorial elections in Texas.
| Gubernatorial election results in Texas | ||
|---|---|---|
| Race | Winner | Runner up |
| 2022 | 54.8% |
43.9%
|
| 2018 | 55.8% |
42.5%
|
| 2014 | 59.3% |
38.9%
|
| 2010 | 55.0% |
42.3%
|
| 2006 | 39.0% |
29.8%
|
| Average | 52.8 | 39.5 |
- See also: Party control of Texas state government
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Texas' congressional delegation as of May 2024.
| Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Texas | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
| Democratic | 0 | 12 | 12 |
| Republican | 2 | 25 | 27 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vacancies | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 2 | 38 | 40 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Texas' top four state executive offices as of May 2024.
| State executive officials in Texas, May 2024 | |
|---|---|
| Office | Officeholder |
| Governor | Greg Abbott
|
| Lieutenant Governor | Dan Patrick
|
| Secretary of State | Jane Nelson
|
| Attorney General | Ken Paxton
|
State legislature
Texas State Senate
| Party | As of February 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 11 | |
| Republican Party | 19 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 1 | |
| Total | 31 | |
Texas House of Representatives
| Party | As of February 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 64 | |
| Republican Party | 86 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 150 | |
Trifecta control
The table below shows the state's trifecta status from 1992 until the 2024 election.
Texas Party Control: 1992-2024
Three years of Democratic trifectas • Twenty-two years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
The table below details demographic data in Texas and compares it to the broader United States as of 2022.
| Demographic Data for Texas | ||
|---|---|---|
| Texas | United States | |
| Population | 29,145,505 | 331,449,281 |
| Land area (sq mi) | 261,268 | 3,531,905 |
| Race and ethnicity** | ||
| White | 59.1% | 65.9% |
| Black/African American | 12.1% | 12.5% |
| Asian | 5.2% | 5.8% |
| Native American | 0.6% | 0.8% |
| Pacific Islander | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Other (single race) | 7.8% | 6% |
| Multiple | 15.1% | 8.8% |
| Hispanic/Latino | 39.9% | 18.7% |
| Education | ||
| High school graduation rate | 85.2% | 89.1% |
| College graduation rate | 32.3% | 34.3% |
| Income | ||
| Median household income | $73,035 | $75,149 |
| Persons below poverty level | 10.7% | 8.8% |
| Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2020). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2017-2022). | ||
| **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. | ||
2024 battleground elections
- See also: Battlegrounds
This was a battleground election. Other 2024 battleground elections included:
- New York's 16th Congressional District election, 2024 (June 25 Democratic primary)
- North Carolina Supreme Court elections, 2024
- Virginia's 2nd Congressional District election, 2024
See also
- United States Senate election in Texas, 2024 (March 5 Republican primary)
- United States Senate election in Texas, 2024 (April 14 Libertarian convention)
- United States Senate election in Texas, 2024
- United States Senate Democratic Party primaries, 2024
- United States Senate Republican Party primaries, 2024
- United States Senate elections, 2024
- U.S. Senate battlegrounds, 2024
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ The Texas Tribune, "Democrats Colin Allred, Roland Gutierrez draw distinctions on key issues as they target Sen. Ted Cruz in 2024," August 9, 2023
- ↑ NBC Dallas Fort Worth, "Views on bipartisanship split candidates in race to take on Ted Cruz," October 23, 2023
- ↑ Carl Sherman campaign website, "Home page," accessed December 15, 2023
- ↑ As of March 1, 2024, Republicans held 49 seats, Democrats held 48 seats, and independents held three seats. However, two independents caucused with the Democrats, giving the party a 50-49 majority.
- ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Texas Registered Voter Survey: February 18-26, 2024," accessed March 1, 2024
- ↑ Includes all funds raised between Jan. 1, 2024, and Feb. 14, 2024.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 This figure includes $3,900.00 Gonzalez loaned to his campaign.
- ↑ This figure includes $700.00 Keough donated to his campaign and $6,050.06 Keough loaned his campaign.
- ↑ This figure includes $7,465.00 Rodriguez-Prilliman donated to her campaign.
- ↑ This figure includes $1,933.33 Tchenko donated to his campaign.
- ↑ This figure includes $21,933.33 Tchenko donated to his campaign.
- ↑ The Texas Politics Project at the University of Texas at Austin, "New UT/Texas Politics Project Poll: As Primary Voting Begins, Texans See a Crisis on the Border," February 19, 2024
- ↑ Houston Public Media, "Poll: Colin Allred leads Roland Gutierrez in Democratic primary, but both trail Republican Ted Cruz," February 1, 2024
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 This figure includes $5,100.00 Gomez loaned to her campaign.
- ↑ This figure includes $700.00 Keough donated to his campaign and $6,050.06 Keough loaned to his campaign.
- ↑ This figure includes $7,465.00 Rodriguez Prilliman donated to her campaign.
- ↑ This figure includes $20,000 Tchenko donated to his campaign.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Texas AFL-CIO, "COPE Convention to Host First U.S. Senate Debate," January 18, 2024
- ↑ Emerson College, "Texas 2024 Poll: Allred Leads Democratic Senate Primary, Plurality are Undecided," January 18, 2024
- ↑ The Texas Politics Project at the University of Texas at Austin, "December UT/Texas Politics Project Poll: After Long Legislative Session, Texas Voters Have Not-So-Great Expectations," December 19, 2023
- ↑ The Texas Politics Project at the University of Texas at Austin, "New UT/Texas Politics Project Poll: Trump Still Dominates Presidential Race in Texas, No Movement on Vouchers, and Signs of a Paxton Recovery among Republicans," October 25, 2023
- ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
- ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
- ↑ RV=Registered Voters
LV=Likely Voters - ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
- ↑ RV=Registered Voters
LV=Likely Voters - ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed December 12, 2021
- ↑ Amee LaTour, Email correspondence with the Center for Responsive Politics, August 5, 2022
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed December 15, 2023
