Vacancies in the 119th United States Congress (2025-2026)

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As of March 24, 2026, there are three active vacancies in the 119th Congress, which spans from Jan. 3, 2025, to Jan. 3, 2027. Due to the active vacancies, Republicans have a 53-47 majority in the U.S. Senate and a 218-214 majority in the U.S. House of Representatives.[1]

As of March 24, 2026, a total of 13 vacancies — four in the U.S. Senate and nine in the U.S. House — occurred during the 119th Congress:
  • Three vacancies in the U.S. Senate were filled via appointment. All three occurred when the U.S. senators resigned to serve in President Donald Trump’s (R) administration.
  • One vacancy in the U.S. Senate was filled when Sen. Jim Justice (R-W.Va.) was sworn into office 11 days after the start of the 119th Congress. Justice delayed his swearing-in to fulfill the remainder of his term as governor of West Virginia.
  • Six vacancies in the U.S. House were filled when the winners of special elections were sworn in. Three of those vacancies occurred when the previous U.S. representative died, and three occurred when the previous U.S. representatives resigned.
  • Three vacancies in the U.S. House have yet to be filled. One of those vacancies occurred when the previous U.S. representative died, and two vacancies occurred when the previous U.S. representatives resigned.

    • Ballotpedia defines a vacancy in the U.S. Congress as a period of one day or more when a member is not occupying a seat. The law governing the election of members to fill vacancies varies depending on when the vacancy occurs and the applicable state law. Vacancies in the U.S. Congress can occur for several reasons, including death, resignation, declination, withdrawal, or expulsion.

    This page is a compilation of all vacancies that occurred during the 119th Congress. It also shows a historical comparison of all vacancies from the 113th through the 118th Congresses, spanning from Jan. 3, 2013, to Jan. 3, 2025. Click on the links below to jump to the various sections on this page:

    Active vacancies

    The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. House of Representatives that have not been filled as of March 24, 2026.

    Current vacancies in the U.S. House of Representatives
    DistrictPredecessorVacancy start dateStatusReason for vacancy
    California's 1st Congressional DistrictDoug LaMalfaJan. 6, 2026Special election scheduled for Aug. 4, 2026Death
    Georgia's 14th Congressional DistrictMarjorie Taylor GreeneJan. 5, 2026Special election scheduled for March 10, 2026Resignation
    New Jersey's 11th Congressional DistrictMikie SherrillNov. 20, 2025Special election scheduled for April 16, 2026Resignation

    Filled vacancies

    The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. Senate that have been filled as of March 24, 2026.

    Filled vacancies in the U.S. Senate
    StatePredecessorSuccessorVacancy start dateVacancy end dateLength of vacancyReason for vacancy
    OklahomaMarkwayne MullinAlan ArmstrongMarch 23, 2026March 24, 20261 dayResignation
    FloridaMarco RubioAshley B. MoodyJan. 20, 2025Jan. 21, 20251 dayResignation
    OhioJ.D. VanceJon HustedJan. 10, 2025Jan. 21, 202511 daysResignation
    West VirginiaJoe ManchinJim JusticeJan. 3, 2025Jan. 14, 202511 daysEnd of term[2]


    The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. House of Representatives that have been filled as of March 24, 2026.

    Filled vacancies in the U.S. House of Representatives
    DistrictPredecessorSuccessorVacancy start dateVacancy end dateLength of vacancyReason for vacancy
    Texas' 18th Congressional DistrictSylvester TurnerChristian MenefeeMarch 5, 2025Feb. 2, 2026334 daysDeath
    Tennessee's 7th Congressional DistrictMark GreenMatt Van EppsJuly 20, 2025Dec. 4, 2025137 daysResignation
    Arizona's 7th Congressional DistrictRaúl GrijalvaAdelita GrijalvaMarch 13, 2025Nov. 12, 2025244 daysDeath
    Virginia's 11th Congressional DistrictGerald ConnollyJames WalkinshawMay 21, 2025Sept. 10, 2025112 daysDeath
    Florida's 6th Congressional DistrictMichael WaltzRandy FineJan. 20, 2025April 2, 202572 daysResignation
    Florida's 1st Congressional DistrictMatt GaetzJimmy PatronisNov. 13, 2024April 2, 2025140 daysResignation

    Historical comparison

    During the 113th through 118th Congresses, there were 88 vacancies in the U.S. House and 16 in the U.S. Senate.

    • The average length of vacancy in the U.S. Senate from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was seven days.
    • The average length of vacancy in the U.S. House from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was 138 days.

    The longest vacancy in the U.S. Senate from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was in New Jersey. The vacancy occurred during the 118th Congress, when Sen. Bob Menendez (D-N.J.) resigned on Aug. 20, 2024. Following Menendez's resignation, the seat was vacant for 20 days.

    The longest vacancy in the U.S. House, spanning from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress, occurred in Michigan's 13th Congressional District. The vacancy occurred during the 115th Congress, when Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.) resigned on Oct. 27, 2019. Following Conyers' resignation, the seat was vacant for 359 days.

    Click on the tabs below to find historical comparisons of vacancies in the U.S. Senate and House during each Congress. Each tab displays the congressional seats that were vacant during the Congress, along with the dates the vacancy began and ended. Additionally, each tab shows the number of days that the seat was vacant.

    The following tables and charts show the four vacancies in the U.S. Senate and the nine vacancies in the U.S. House that occurred during the 119th Congress.

    U.S. Senate
    StatePredecessorSuccessorVacancy Start DateVacancy End DateLength of VacancyReason for Vacancy
    West VirginiaJoe ManchinJim JusticeJan. 3, 2025Jan. 14, 202511 daysEnd of Term[2]
    OhioJ.D. VanceJon HustedJan. 10, 2025Jan. 21, 202511 daysResignation
    FloridaMarco RubioAshley B. MoodyJan. 20, 2025Jan. 21, 20251 dayResignation
    OklahomaMarkwayne MullinAlan ArmstrongMarch 23, 2026March 24, 20261 dayResignation


    U.S. House of Representatives
    DistrictPredecessorSuccessorVacancy Start DateVacancy End DateLength of VacancyReason for Vacancy
    Florida's 1st Congressional DistrictMatt GaetzJimmy PatronisNov. 13, 2024April 2, 2025140 daysResignation
    Florida's 6th Congressional DistrictMichael WaltzRandy FineJan. 20, 2025April 2, 202572 daysResignation
    Texas' 18th Congressional DistrictSylvester TurnerChristian MenefeeMarch 5, 2025Feb. 2, 2026334 daysDeath
    Arizona's 7th Congressional DistrictRaúl GrijalvaAdelita GrijalvaMarch 13, 2025Nov. 12, 2025244 daysDeath
    Virginia's 11th Congressional DistrictGerald ConnollyJames WalkinshawMay 21, 2025Sept. 10, 2025112 daysDeath
    Tennessee's 7th Congressional DistrictMark GreenMatt Van EppsJuly 20, 2025Dec. 4, 2025137 daysResignation
    New Jersey's 11th Congressional DistrictMikie SherrillTBANov. 20, 2025TBATBAResignation
    Georgia's 14th Congressional DistrictMarjorie Taylor GreeneTBAJan. 5, 2026TBATBAResignation
    California's 1st Congressional DistrictDoug LaMalfaTBAJan. 5, 2026TBATBADeath

    Filling vacancies

    Filing vacancies in the U.S. Senate

    See also: Filling vacancies in the U.S. Senate

    In 35 states, vacancies are temporarily filled by gubernatorial appointment. A special election is then held, coinciding with the next regularly scheduled election, to replace the appointee. In the remaining 15 states, a special election is required within a certain time frame to fill the vacancy. Of those 15 states, 11 allow for an interim gubernatorial appointment.

    Filling vacancies in the U.S. House

    See also: Filling vacancies in the U.S. House

    The Constitution requires that vacancies in the House be filled through an election. In the first session of any Congress, all states, territories, and districts mandate a special election in case of a vacancy in any House seat. If the vacancy occurs during the second session, requirements differ based on the length of time between when the vacancy occurs and the next general election.

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Sens. Angus King (I-Maine) and Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) caucus with the Democratic Party.
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 At the conclusion of Sen. Joe Manchin's (I-W.Va.) term in the U.S. Senate, his successor, Sen. Jim Justice (R-W.Va.), was sworn into office 11 days after the start of the 119th Congress. Justice delayed his swearing-in to fulfill the remainder of his term as governor of West Virginia.
    3. ↑ On Dec. 1, 2023, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 311-114 to expel Rep. George Santos (R-N.Y.) following an Ethics Committee investigation and federal indictments. Rep. Tom Suozzi (D-N.Y.) was sworn into office following a special election for the district.
    4. ↑ Sen. David Perdue's (R-Ga.) term in the U.S. Senate expired before the date of the runoff election for the seat. His successor, Sen. Jon Ossoff (D-Ga.), was sworn into office 17 days after the start of the 117th Congress.
    5. ↑ Rep. Anthony Brindisi’s (D-N.Y.) term in the U.S. House of Representatives expired on Jan. 3, 2021. His successor, Rep. Claudia Tenney (R-N.Y.), was sworn into office 39 days after the start of the 117th Congress. Tenney’s swearing-in was delayed due to legal challenges to the general election for the district.
    6. ↑ Rep. Ralph Abraham's (R-La.) term in the U.S. House of Representatives expired on Jan. 3, 2021. His successor, Rep.-elect Luke Letlow (R), died before he was sworn into office. Rep. Julia Letlow (R-La.) was sworn into office following a special election for the district.
    7. ↑ Pennsylvania's 18th Congressional District was eliminated in the 2020 Census apportionment process.
    8. ↑ At the conclusion of Sen. Bill Nelson’s (D-Fla.) term in the U.S. Senate, his successor, Sen. Rick Scott (R-Fla.), was sworn into office five days after the start of the 116th Congress. Scott delayed his swearing-in to fulfill the remainder of his term as governor of Florida.
    9. ↑ Rep. Robert Pittenger’s (R-N.C.) term in the U.S. House of Representatives expired on Jan. 3, 2019. A successor was not immediately sworn into office because the North Carolina Board of Elections called a new election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud in the North Carolina's 9th Congressional District election, 2018general election for the district. Rep. Dan Bishop (R-N.C.) was sworn into office following a special election for the district.
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