Vacancies in the 119th United States Congress (2025-2026)

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Vacancies can happen in the U.S. Congress for multiple reasons, including death, resignation, declination, withdrawal, or expulsion. This page is a compilation of all vacancies that happened during the 119th Congress (2025-2026). It also shows a historical comparison of all vacancies from the 113th through 118th Congresses.

As of November 2025, nine vacancies—three in the U.S. Senate and six in the U.S. House of Representatives—have occurred during the 119th Congress. As of October 2025:

  • Two vacancies in the U.S. Senate have been filled via appointment.
  • One vacancy in the U.S. Senate was filled when the 2024 election winner was sworn in.[1]
  • Four winners of U.S. House special elections were sworn in to fill vacancies in the chamber.
  • Two vacancies in the U.S. House are active.

During the 113th through 118th Congresses, there were 88 vacancies in the U.S. House and 19 in the U.S. Senate.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • The average length of vacancy in the U.S. Senate from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was six days.
  • The average length of vacancy in the U.S. House from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was 138 days.
  • The longest vacancy in the U.S. Senate from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was in New Jersey. The vacancy occurred during the 118th Congress, when Sen. Bob Menendez (D-N.J.) resigned on August 20, 2024. Following Menendez's resignation, the seat was vacant for 20 days.
  • The longest vacancy in the U.S. House, spanning from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress, occurred in Michigan's 13th Congressional District. The vacancy occurred during the 115th Congress, when Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.) resigned on October 27, 2019. Following Conyers' resignation, the seat was vacant for 359 days.
  • The seat that has been vacant for the longest time in the 119th Congress is Texas' 18th Congressional District. The district became vacant on March 5, 2025, following the death of Rep. Sylvester Turner (D-Texas). As of Nov. 12, 2025, the district has been vacant for 252 days.


    • We define a vacancy in the U.S. Congress as a period of one day or more when a member is not occupying a seat. The law governing the election of members to fill vacancies varies depending on when the vacancy occurs and the applicable state law.

    Click on the links below to jump to the various sections on this page:

    Active vacancies

    The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. House that have not been filled as of October 2025.

    Current vacancies in the U.S. House
    Vacating member Party Seat Date of vacancy Reason
    Mark Green Republican Tennessee's 7th Congressional District July 20, 2025 Resignation
    Sylvester Turner Democrat Texas' 18th Congressional District March 5, 2025 Death

    Filled vacancies

    The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. House that have been filled as of October 2025.

    Filled vacancies in the U.S. House of Representatives
    Vacating member Party District Date of vacancy Date filled Length of vacancy Reason
    Raúl Grijalva Democrat Arizona's 7th Congressional District March 13, 2025 November 12, 2025 244 days Death
    Gerald Connolly Democrat Virginia's 11th Congressional District May 21, 2025 September 10, 2025 112 days Death
    Michael Waltz Republican Florida's 6th Congressional District January 20, 2025 April 2, 2025 72 days Resignation
    Matt Gaetz Republican Florida's 1st Congressional District November 13, 2024 April 2, 2025 140 days Resignation


    The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. Senate that have been filled as of October 2025.

    Filled vacancies in the U.S. Senate
    Vacating member Party State Date of vacancy Date filled Length of vacancy Reason
    Marco Rubio Republican Florida January 20, 2025 January 21, 2025 1 day Resignation
    J.D. Vance Republican Ohio January 10, 2025 January 21, 2025 11 days Resignation
    Joe Manchin III[1] Independent West Virginia January 3, 2025 January 14, 2025 11 days End of term

    Historical comparison

    Click on the tabs below to find historical comparisons of vacancies in the U.S. Senate and House during each Congress. Each tab displays the congressional seats that were vacant during the Congress, along with the dates the vacancy began and ended. Additionally, each tab shows the number of days that the seat was vacant.

    The following tables and charts show the three vacancies in the U.S. Senate and the six vacancies in the U.S. House that occurred during the 119th Congress.

    U.S. Senate
    State Vacancy start date Vacancy end date Length of vacancy
    West Virginia[1] January 3, 2025 January 14, 2025 11 days
    Ohio January 10, 2025 January 21, 2025 11 days
    Florida January 20, 2025 January 21, 2025 1 day


    U.S. House of Representatives
    District Vacancy start date Vacancy end date Length of vacancy
    Florida's 1st Congressional District November 13, 2024 April 2, 2025 140 days
    Florida's 6th Congressional District January 20, 2025 April 2, 2025 72 days
    Texas' 18th Congressional District March 5, 2025 TBA TBA
    Arizona's 7th Congressional District March 13, 2025 November 12, 2025 244 days
    Virginia's 11th Congressional District May 21, 2025 September 10, 2025 112 days
    Tennessee's 7th Congressional District July 20, 2025 TBA TBA

    Filling vacancies

    Filing vacancies in the U.S. Senate

    See also: Filling vacancies in the U.S. Senate

    In 35 states, vacancies are temporarily filled by gubernatorial appointment. A special election is then held, coinciding with the next regularly scheduled election, to replace the appointee. In the remaining 15 states, a special election is required within a certain time frame to fill the vacancy. Of those 15 states, 11 allow for an interim gubernatorial appointment.

    Filling vacancies in the U.S. House

    See also: Filling vacancies in the U.S. House

    The Constitution requires that vacancies in the House be filled through an election. In the first session of any Congress, all states, territories, and districts mandate a special election in case of a vacancy in any House seat. If the vacancy occurs during the second session, requirements differ based on the length of time between when the vacancy occurs and the next general election.

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 At the conclusion of Sen. Joe Manchin's (I-W.Va.) term in the U.S. Senate, his successor, Sen. Jim Justice (R-W.Va.), was sworn into office 11 days after the start of the 119th Congress.
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