Public policy made simple. Dive into our information hub today!

Vacancies in the 119th United States Congress (2025-2026)

From Ballotpedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Portal:Legislative Branch
Features of Congress
Definitions
Classes of United States Senators • President Pro Tempore of the Senate • United States Speaker of the House • Filibuster • Reconciliation • Vote-a-ramas • Parliamentarian • Christmas tree bill
Notable events
Key votes • Presidential addresses
Elections
Election dates • Filing requirements for congressional candidates • Filling vacancies in Senate • Filling vacancies in House
Campaign finance
Federal Election Commission • Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee • National Republican Congressional Committee • Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee • National Republican Senatorial Committee
Sessions
119th Congress
118th • 117th • 116th • 115th • 114th • 113th • 112th • 111th • 110th

As of January 2026, there are four vacancies in the U.S. Congress. Due to the current vacancies, Republicans hold a 218-213 majority in the U.S. House of Representatives and a 53-45 majority, with two independents, in the U.S. Senate.

Vacancies can happen in the U.S. Congress for multiple reasons, including death, resignation, declination, withdrawal, or expulsion. This page is a compilation of all vacancies that happened during the 119th Congress (2025-2026). It also shows a historical comparison of all vacancies from the 113th through 118th Congresses.

Ballotpedia define a congressional vacancy as a period of one day or more when a member is not occupying a seat. The law governing the election of members to fill vacancies varies depending on when the vacancy occurs and the applicable state law.

There have been 12 vacancies, three in the U.S. Senate and nine in the U.S. House, during the 119th Congress. Here are more details on those congressional vacancies:

  • Two vacancies in the U.S. Senate were filled via appointment. Both occurred because the senators resigned to serve in President Donald Trump’s (R) second administration.
  • One in the U.S. Senate was filled when Sen. Jim Justice (R-W.Va.) was sworn into office 11 days after the start of the 119th Congress. Justice delayed his swearing-in in order to fulfill the remainder of his term as governor of West Virginia.
  • Five winners of U.S. House special elections were sworn in to fill vacancies in the chamber. Three of those vacancies occurred because the representatives of those districts died, while one vacancy resulted from a representative's resignation.
  • As of Jan. 6, 2026, four vacancies in the U.S. House have yet to be filled. Two of those vacancies occurred because the district’s representative died, while the other two resulted from the representative's resignation.

During the 113th through 118th Congresses, there were 88 vacancies in the U.S. House and 19 in the U.S. Senate.

  • The average length of vacancy in the U.S. Senate from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was six days.
  • The average length of vacancy in the U.S. House from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was 138 days.

Click on the links below to jump to the various sections on this page:

Active vacancies

The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. House that have not been filled as of January 2026.

Current vacancies in the U.S. House
Vacating memberPartySeatDate of vacancyReason
Doug LaMalfaRepublicanCalifornia's 1st Congressional DistrictJanuary 6, 2026Death
Marjorie Taylor GreeneRepublicanGeorgia's 14th Congressional DistrictJanuary 5, 2026Resignation
Mikie SherrillDemocratNew Jersey's 11th Congressional DistrictNovember 20, 2025Resignation
Sylvester TurnerDemocratTexas' 18th Congressional DistrictMarch 5, 2025Death

Filled vacancies

The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. House that have been filled as of January 2026.

Filled vacancies in the U.S. House of Representatives
Vacating memberPartyDistrictDate of vacancyDate filledLength of vacancyReason
Mark GreenRepublicanTennessee's 7th Congressional DistrictJuly 20, 2025December 4, 2025137 daysResignation
Raúl GrijalvaDemocratArizona's 7th Congressional DistrictMarch 13, 2025November 12, 2025244 daysDeath
Gerald ConnollyDemocratVirginia's 11th Congressional DistrictMay 21, 2025September 10, 2025112 daysDeath
Michael WaltzRepublicanFlorida's 6th Congressional DistrictJanuary 20, 2025April 2, 202572 daysResignation
Matt GaetzRepublicanFlorida's 1st Congressional DistrictNovember 13, 2024April 2, 2025140 daysResignation


The following table lists all the vacancies in the U.S. Senate that have been filled as of October 2025.

Filled vacancies in the U.S. Senate
Vacating memberPartyStateDate of vacancyDate filledLength of vacancyReason
Marco RubioRepublicanFloridaJanuary 20, 2025January 21, 20251 dayResignation
J.D. VanceRepublicanOhioJanuary 10, 2025January 21, 202511 daysResignation
Joe Manchin III[1]IndependentWest VirginiaJanuary 3, 2025January 14, 202511 daysEnd of term

Historical comparison

During the 113th through 118th Congresses, there were 88 vacancies in the U.S. House and 19 in the U.S. Senate.

The longest vacancy in the U.S. Senate from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress was in New Jersey. The vacancy occurred during the 118th Congress, when Sen. Bob Menendez (D-N.J.) resigned on August 20, 2024. Following Menendez's resignation, the seat was vacant for 20 days.

The longest vacancy in the U.S. House, spanning from the 113th Congress through the 118th Congress, occurred in Michigan's 13th Congressional District. The vacancy occurred during the 115th Congress, when Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.) resigned on October 27, 2019. Following Conyers' resignation, the seat was vacant for 359 days.

Click on the tabs below to find historical comparisons of vacancies in the U.S. Senate and House during each Congress. Each tab displays the congressional seats that were vacant during the Congress, along with the dates the vacancy began and ended. Additionally, each tab shows the number of days that the seat was vacant.

The following tables and charts show the three vacancies in the U.S. Senate and the nine vacancies in the U.S. House that occurred during the 119th Congress.

U.S. Senate
StateVacancy start dateVacancy end dateLength of vacancy
West Virginia[1]January 3, 2025January 14, 202511 days
OhioJanuary 10, 2025January 21, 202511 days
FloridaJanuary 20, 2025January 21, 20251 day


U.S. House of Representatives
DistrictVacancy start dateVacancy end dateLength of vacancy
Florida's 1st Congressional DistrictNovember 13, 2024April 2, 2025140 days
Florida's 6th Congressional DistrictJanuary 20, 2025April 2, 202572 days
Texas' 18th Congressional DistrictMarch 5, 2025TBATBA
Arizona's 7th Congressional DistrictMarch 13, 2025November 12, 2025244 days
Virginia's 11th Congressional DistrictMay 21, 2025September 10, 2025112 days
Tennessee's 7th Congressional DistrictJuly 20, 2025December 4, 2025137 days
New Jersey's 11th Congressional DistrictNovember 20, 2025TBATBA
Georgia's 14th Congressional DistrictJanuary 5, 2026TBATBA
California's 1st Congressional DistrictJanuary 6, 2026TBATBA

Filling vacancies

Filing vacancies in the U.S. Senate

See also: Filling vacancies in the U.S. Senate

In 35 states, vacancies are temporarily filled by gubernatorial appointment. A special election is then held, coinciding with the next regularly scheduled election, to replace the appointee. In the remaining 15 states, a special election is required within a certain time frame to fill the vacancy. Of those 15 states, 11 allow for an interim gubernatorial appointment.

Filling vacancies in the U.S. House

See also: Filling vacancies in the U.S. House

The Constitution requires that vacancies in the House be filled through an election. In the first session of any Congress, all states, territories, and districts mandate a special election in case of a vacancy in any House seat. If the vacancy occurs during the second session, requirements differ based on the length of time between when the vacancy occurs and the next general election.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 At the conclusion of Sen. Joe Manchin's (I-W.Va.) term in the U.S. Senate, his successor, Sen. Jim Justice (R-W.Va.), was sworn into office 11 days after the start of the 119th Congress.
v • e
United States Congress
BackgroundCongressLogo.png
States' delegations
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming • Non-voting members
Special elections
2026
2024
2022
2020
2018
2016
2014
Sessions
Joint Congressional committees
U.S. Senate Committees
U.S. House Committees
Super PACs
Personal Gain Index
Retrieved from "https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Vacancies_in_the_119th_United_States_Congress_(2025-2026)&oldid=10986533"