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Voter identification laws by state

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This page tracks voter identification (ID) laws by state. These laws require voters to present some form of identification at the polls. In some cases, the required identification must include a photo.

As of June 2025, 36 states required voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day, but many states provide for exceptions to these rules. Of these states, 24 required voters to present identification containing a photograph, with certain exceptions, and 12 states did not explicitly require photo identification. The remaining 14 states did not require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day.

Valid forms of identification differ by state. In certain states that require voters to provide identification, there may be exceptions that allow some voters to cast a ballot without providing an ID. To see more about these exceptions, see details by state below. Commonly accepted forms of ID include driver's licenses, state-issued identification cards, and military identification cards.

Use the links below to navigate the page:

Details by state

For detailed information on each state's voter ID laws, click the links below.


In the map below, states that require registered voters to present identification at the polls on Election Day or that require poll workers to request identification from a vote are classified as states requiring identification. Some of these states provide for exceptions to these requirements. See the table below the map for more details. Follow the links provided for additional information about voter identification in each state.

Several states that do not require identification generally require first-time voters to present identification at the polls. Other states that don't generally require identification may require it if the voter did not provide proper identification to register. Federal law requires newly registered voters to provide either a driver's license number or the last four digits of their Social Security Numbers at the time of registration. Many states that require identification allow voters to cast provisional ballots if they do not have the required identification. Hover over each state in the map below for more details.

Voter ID laws in the United States
State Summary Details Source
Alabama Photo ID required Alabama requires voters to present photo ID while voting. A voter can obtain a free photo ID from the Alabama Secretary of State, a county registrar's office, or a mobile location, which changes daily. The mobile location schedule can be accessed here.[1][2] Link
Alaska Non-photo ID required Voters in Alaska must present a valid form of identification at the polls. The identification does not have to include a photo. If an election official knows the identity of the voter, the official can waive the identification requirement unless it is a first-time voter who registered without providing identification.[3] Link
Arizona Non-photo ID required In Arizona, a voter must present some form of identification at the polls. The identification does not necessarily need to include a photo. A voter can either present a photo ID that includes his or her name and registered address, or two forms of non-photo ID that include the voter's name and registered address. Link
Arkansas Photo ID required Arkansas has a photo ID requirement for voting purposes. The identification must include the voter’s name and photograph. It must be issued by "the United States, the State of Arkansas, or an accredited postsecondary educational institution in the State of Arkansas."[4] Link
California No ID required According to the Office of the California Secretary of State, "[i]n most cases, a California voter is not required to show identification to a polling place worker before casting a ballot." A voter may be asked to provide identification at the polls if it is his or her first time voting (this requirement applies if the individual registered by mail without providing a driver's license number, state identification number, or the last four digits of a Social Security number). Acceptable forms of identification include driver's licenses, utility bills, or any document sent by a government agency.[5] Link
Colorado Non-photo ID required Colorado voters must provide a valid form of identification if they choose to vote in person. The identification does not have to include a photo. Voters may also need to return a photocopy of their ID with their ballots if they are voting by mail for the first time. Link
Connecticut Non-photo ID required Voters in Connecticut must present some form of identification at the polls, though a photo is not required. A voter who does not present a required ID may sign an affidavit with their name, address, and date of birth, and then election officials may determine that the voter is eligible to vote. First-time voters who registered by mail must present either valid photo ID or a current document such as a bill or check with their name and address when voting in elections with federal candidates. All other voters must present either a social security card or other ID showing either name and address, name and signature, or name and photo. Link
D.C. No ID required D.C. does not require identification from most voters. The District of Columbia Board of Elections requires voters who submitted their voter registration application by mail or online without one of the following documents to present one the first time they vote: a copy of a government-issued photo ID showing name and address, a government-issued document showing name and address, or a utility bill, bank statement, government check, or paycheck showing name and address issued within the past 90 days. Link
Delaware Non-photo ID required All Delaware voters are asked to provide identification at the polls. Valid identification includes a Delaware driver's license or state ID, a signed social security card, or another document that identifies the person by photo or signature. A photo is not required. Voters who do not present proof of identity can "sign an affidavit of affirmation that the voter is the person listed on the election district record," according to Delaware Code.[6] Link
Florida Photo ID required Voters in Florida are required to present photo and signature identification on Election Day. If a voter's photo ID does not display their signature, they will need to supply a second form of identification that does.[7] Link
Georgia Photo ID required Photo identification is required when voting in person or by mail/absentee in Georgia. Valid forms of ID include driver's licenses, state ID cards, tribal ID cards, United States passports, employee ID cards, military ID cards, and voter ID cards issued by county registration offices or the Georgia Department of Driver Services. Voters can obtain a free voter ID card from any county registrar's office or DDS office.[8] Link
Hawaii No ID required Voters in Hawaii are generally not required to present identification while voting. In 2019, the statute requiring voters to present identification if so requested by a precinct official was repealed.[9] Link
Idaho Photo ID required In order to vote in Idaho, voters must present valid photo identification or sign an affidavit. Valid photo ID includes an Idaho driver's license or photo ID card, a U.S. passport or federal ID card, a tribal photo ID card, or an Idaho license to carry a concealed weapon. If a voter is unable to present an accepted ID, they may sign a personal identification affidavit swearing to their identity. After signing the affidavit, the voter is issued a regular ballot.[10] Link
Illinois No ID required Illinois does not require voters to present identification while voting, in most cases. First-time voters who registered by mail and did not submit their driver’s license number, state ID number, last four digits of their social security number, or other form of ID are required to present identification showing their name and address before voting.[11] Link
Indiana Photo ID required Indiana law requires voters to present an Indiana or U.S. government-issued photo ID before casting a ballot at the polls on election day. The ID must either be current or have expired sometime after the date of the last general election. Certain voters can claim exemption from the law. If a voter does not have an accepted form of ID, he or she can obtain a free Indiana ID card from the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles.[12] Link
Iowa Non-photo ID required Iowa requires voters to present identification while voting. Voters who do not have a valid ID can obtain one for free by mail. Voters who do not have an accepted form of photo ID may have another voter vouch for their identity or they can provide a combination of other documents to verify their identity and residence. Link
Kansas Photo ID required In order to vote on Election Day in Kansas, a valid form of photo identification is required. A photo ID does not need to have an expiration date, but, if it does have an expiration date, it must not have expired at the time of voting. If the voter is over the age of 65, he or she can use an expired ID. Some voters are exempt from the photo ID requirement. Voters who do not have a photo ID can obtain one for free through the Division of Vehicles, Kansas Department of Revenue. Link
Kentucky Photo ID required Voters in Kentucky are required to present identification before voting. Valid identification includes photo and non-photo identification. Election officers can also confirm the identity of a voter by personal acquaintance.[13] Link
Louisiana Photo ID required A Louisiana voter must present one of the following forms of identification at the polls: a driver's license, a Louisiana special ID, or another generally recognized photo ID that contains the voter's name and signature. If a photo ID is not presented, the voter must sign an affidavit. Voters who sign affidavits may be challenged. Registered voters can bring their voter information card to the Office of Motor Vehicles to receive a free Louisiana special identification card.[14] Link
Maine No ID required A voter in Maine does not have to present identification at the polls unless he or she is registering on Election Day. In that case, the voter must present identification and proof of residence.[15] Link
Maryland No ID required Most voters in Maryland do not have to present identification on Election Day. Only first-time voters who registered by mail and did not provide a valid form of identification, voters whose identities are challenged, and voters registering or changing their address during early voting are required to present identification at the polls on Election Day in Maryland.[16] Link
Massachusetts No ID required Most voters in Massachusetts are not required to present identification at the polls. However, first-time voters in federal elections, inactive voters, voters casting provisional ballots, and voters who are asked by a poll worker to provide ID due to reasonable suspicion are required to do so. Valid forms of identification include both photo and non-photo identification.[17] Link
Michigan Photo ID required Each voter in Michigan is asked to present photo identification at the polls. Voters without photo identification may sign an affidavit attesting that they are not in possession of acceptable photo identification and still cast a regular ballot.[18] Link
Minnesota No ID required Identification is not required of already-registered voters in Minnesota. If they have not voted in four years or more, proof of residence is required.[19] Link
Mississippi Photo ID required Mississippi voters are required to present photo identification in order to vote in person. Accepted forms include a driver's license, U.S. passport, or photo ID issued by a branch or department of the state. Voters can obtain a Mississippi Voter Identification Card for free at any circuit clerk’s office in the state.[20] Link
Missouri Photo ID required Missouri requires voters to present photo identification (ID) while voting. Accepted forms of identification include a current Missouri driver's license or non-driver's license, a current military ID, a current U.S. passport, and "another photo ID issued by the United States or the state of Missouri." Link
Montana Photo ID required A voter in Montana is required to present photo identification when appearing to vote. Accepted forms of identification include a valid driver's license, a U.S. passport, a Montana concealed-carry permit, or student photo identification card issued by the Montana university system or a school that is a member of the national association of intercollegiate athletics[21] Link
Nebraska Photo ID required Nebraska requires voters to present identification while voting. Initiative 432, approved by Nebraska voters in November 2022, amended Article I of the state constitution to require voters to present valid photo identification in order to vote. Governor Jim Pillen (R) signed Legislative Bill 514 into law on June 1, 2023, in order to implement this policy change. Due to this legislation, Nebraska's voter ID requirement went into effect on April 1, 2024, in time for the state's 2024 primary.[22][23] Link
Nevada No ID required Nevada does not require voters to present identification while voting in most cases. A voter in Nevada must sign their name in the election board register at his or her polling place. The signature is compared with the signature on the voter's original application to vote or another form of identification, such as a driver's license, a state identification card, military identification, or another government-issued ID.[24] Link
New Hampshire Photo ID required Voters in New Hampshire must present photo identification at the polls. If a voter is unable to present a valid form of identification, a poll worker will take a photo of the voter and attach it to an affidavit, which must be signed by the voter. Exceptions are provided for those who object to being photographed for religious reasons. Additionally, a poll worker may verify the voter’s identity.[25][26][27] Link
New Jersey No ID required If a New Jersey voter does not provide valid identification at the time of registration, he or she must show identification at the polling place. Identification includes any valid photo ID or bank statement, car registration, government check, or another document.[28] Link
New Mexico No ID required New Mexico law states that a voter must show identification at the polls only if he or she mailed his or her registration application and did not provide verification of his or her identity at that time. Valid forms of identification include photo and non-photo forms. Some municipalities require identification when voting in local elections.[29] Link
New York No ID required In New York, a voter does not have to present identification at the polls. However, if a voter does not provide valid identification at the time of registration, he or she must show identification at the polling place when voting for the first time.[30][31] Link
North Carolina Photo ID required According to the Board of Elections website, "On April 28, 2023, the North Carolina Supreme Court reversed an injunction against implementation of photo ID legislation. As a result, photo ID laws enacted in 2018 and 2019 are being implemented, starting with the municipal elections in September, October, and November 2023. A separate federal case challenging the same laws is pending, but no injunction against the laws exists in that case." The injunction was issued on December 16, 2022. Link
North Dakota Non-photo ID required North Dakota requires voters to present identification while voting. Identification must include the voter’s name, current North Dakota residential address, and date of birth. If a voter does not have a form of identification that includes his or her current North Dakota residential address or date of birth, the voter can present accepted supplemental documents. Voters who cast absentee/mail-in ballots must include a valid form of identification with their ballot. Link
Ohio Photo ID required On election day at the polling place, Ohio law requires voters to provide photo identification. If voters are unable to present a valid form of identification, they can cast a provisional ballot.[32] Link
Oklahoma Non-photo ID required Oklahoma requires voters to present identification while voting. Valid forms of identification include government-issued photo IDs and county election board voter identification cards (which do not include photographs). Voters can present a document issued by the United States government, the State of Oklahoma, or a federally recognized tribal government that includes their name, photo, and an expiration date after the election date. A voter may provide a "voter identification card issued by the appropriate county election board" in lieu of photo ID. Link
Oregon No ID required Oregon is an all-mail voting state. When registering to vote, voters must provide their driver's license number or state ID card number. If voters can not provide this information, they can print and sign a online voter registration form and mail it to their county election office to complete their registration.[33] Link
Pennsylvania No ID required Pennsylvania does not require voters to present identification while voting in most cases. However, first-time voters must show identification. Accepted forms include both photo and non-photo ID. Link
Rhode Island Photo ID required Photo identification is required at the polls in Rhode Island. Accepted IDs include a Rhode Island driver's license or permit, a U.S. passport, cards issued by any federally recognized tribal government, and cards issued by U.S. educational institutions. Voters without a photo ID can obtain one for free from the Rhode Island Department of State.[34] Link
South Carolina Photo ID required All voters are required to present photo identification at the polls in South Carolina. Acceptable forms of ID include a valid SC driver's license or ID card, a photo voter registration card, a U.S. passport, or a U.S. military or veterans ID. Voters can get a free photo ID from their county voter registration office by providing their name, date of birth and the last four digits of their Social Security number.[35] Link
South Dakota Photo ID required All voters in South Dakota must present photo identification at the polls. Approved forms of photo identification include the following: South Dakota driver’s license or nondriver ID card, U.S. government photo ID, U.S. military ID, student photo ID from a South Dakota high school or accredited institution of higher education, or tribal photo ID. If a voter does not have a photo ID, he or she can sign a personal identification affidavit.[36] Link
Tennessee Photo ID required In Tennessee, voters must present government-issued photo identification at the polls. Valid identification may be used even if expired, except that first time voters may not use an expired ID. Some voters are exempt from ID requirements. Voters can obtain a free photo ID from the Tennessee Department of Safety and Homeland Security at any participating driver service center. In order to receive an ID, a voter must bring proof of citizenship (such as a birth certificate) and two proofs of Tennessee residency.[37] Link
Texas Photo ID required Texas requires voters to present a form of photo identification at the polls. If a voter does not possess the required form of identification, poll workers must ask the voter whether he or she "cannot obtain an acceptable form of photo ID." If the voter answers "yes" to this question, he or she can present a non-photo form of identification and complete a Reasonable Impediment Declaration. Upon doing so, the voter may cast a regular ballot. Some voters are exempt from the ID requirement. Voters who do not have a photo ID can obtain a Texas Election Identification Certificate (EIC) at any Texas driver’s license office. Link
Utah Non-photo ID required For elections occurring before Jan. 1, 2029, Utah is an all-mail voting state that offers vote centers for voters that choose to vote in person. A voter who wishes to vote in-person must present some form of identification at the polls. The identification does not necessarily need to include a photo. A voter can either present a photo ID that includes his or her name and registered address; a tribal identification card, Bureau of Indian Affairs card, or tribal treaty card; or two forms of non-photo ID that include the voter's name and provide evidence that the voter resides in the voting precinct.[38] Link
Vermont No ID required Only first-time voters who registered by mail are required to present identification at the polls.[39] Link
Virginia Non-photo ID required Voters in Virginia must present non-photo identification at the polls. Valid identification includes the following: voter registration confirmation documents; valid Virginia driver's license; valid United States passport; any other identification issued by the Commonwealth, one of its political subdivisions, or the United States; any valid student identification card issued by any institution of higher education located in the Commonwealth or any private school located in the Commonwealth; any valid student identification card issued by any institution of higher education located in any other state or territory of the United States; any valid employee identification card containing a photograph of the voter and issued by an employer of the voter in the ordinary course of the employer's business; a copy of a current utility bill, bank statement, government check, paycheck, or other government document that shows the name and address of the voter.


Voters without acceptable identification may also sign an ID confirmation statement at the polls and vote a regular ballot.		 Link
Washington Non-photo ID required Washington is an all-mail voting state and does not require voters to present photo identification (ID). Voters may choose to vote in person at a local voting center. According to state law, “The county auditor shall require any person desiring to vote at a voting center to either sign a ballot declaration or provide identification.”[40] Link
West Virginia Photo ID required West Virginia requires voters to present photo identification at the polls, with some exceptions. Acceptable forms of identification include government-issued IDs, student identification cards that include a photograph and are issued by a high school or institution of higher education in the state, military identifications that contain a photograph, and voter registration cards that include a photograph. Voters over the age of 65 may present an expired ID that is otherwise valid. State law permits poll workers to allow voters known to them for at least six months to vote without presenting an ID, and also allows another adult that presents valid ID to attest to a voters identity by signing an affidavit.[41][42][43] Link
Wisconsin Photo ID required Voters in Wisconsin are required to present photo identification at the polls. Accepted forms include Wisconsin Department of Transportation-issued driver's licenses, identification cards, and receipts, as well as military IDs and U.S. passports. Certain voters are exempt from ID requirements. Voters can obtain a free Wisconsin State ID Card at a Wisconsin Division of Motor Vehicles office.[44] Link
Wyoming Non-photo ID required Wyoming requires voters to present identification at the polls. Generally, voters are required to present a photo ID, but there are two exceptions to that requirement—Medicare or Medicaid cards—that expire in 2029.[45] Link


Voter identification requirements for absentee/mail-in voting

Under the Help America Vote Act, a person who has not voted in a federal election in the state in which they are voting and who did not submit a copy of their ID when registering to vote must either provide a copy of their ID with their absentee/mail-in ballot or submit a paycheck, bank statement, current utility bill, or government document showing their name and address.[46]

States differ in how they apply voter identification laws for absentee/mail-in voting.

  • Three states — Alabama, Kentucky, and New Hampshire — require voters to provide a copy of their photo identification when requesting an absentee/mail-in ballot.
  • Two states — Arkansas and North Carolina — require voters to submit a copy of their photo identification when returning an absentee/mail-in ballot.
  • Eight states require voters to provide a copy of their photo identification when applying for an absentee/mail-in ballot in certain situations other than what is required under the Help America Vote Act.[47]
  • One state, South Carolina, requires voters to provide a copy of their photo identification when returning an absentee/mail-in ballot in certain situations other than what is required under the Help America Vote Act.
  • Two states — Georgia and Ohio — require voters to provide a copy of their photo identification when applying for and returning an absentee/mail-in ballot in certain situations other than what is required under the Help America Vote Act.

Additionally, some other states with voter identification requirements mandate that voters must provide a driver's license number, Social Security number or other identification number in order to vote using an absentee/mail-in ballot:

  • Eight states require voters provide a driver's license number, Social Security number or other identification number when applying for an absentee/mail-in ballot.
  • Two states — Alaska and Texas — require voters to provide their identification number when requesting and returning an absentee/mail-in ballot.
  • Eight states require a voter identification number in certain situations when applying for an absentee/mail-in ballot.[48]
  • Two states — Georgia and Ohio — require a voter identification number in certain situations when applying for and returning an absentee/mail-in ballot.

The table below describes the voter ID requirements for individuals requesting and submitting an absentee/mail-in ballot in each state.

Voter identification requirements for absentee/mail voting by state
State Type of requirement Source
Alabama A photo ID is required when applying for an absentee ballot. This does not apply to federal overseas voters Alabama Code Section 17-9-30
Alaska An identification number is required to apply for an absentee ballot and when a voter returns their ballot AS 15.20.081
Alaska absentee ballot application
Alaska absentee ballot envelope
Arizona No requirement N/A
Arkansas Voters must include a copy of their photo ID when returning their absentee ballot. Overseas military voters and their spouses are exempt from the requirement. Residents of a long-term care or residential care facility are exempt from the requirement, provided an administrator attests that the voter is a resident Arkansas Constitution of 1874 Amendment 51, § 13
California No voter ID law N/A
Colorado No requirement N/A
Connecticut No requirement N/A
Delaware No requirement N/A
Florida Voters must provide an identification number when applying for a vote-by-mail ballot. Military and overseas voters are exempt from this requirement Fla. Stat. §101.62
Georgia Voters must provide an identification number when applying for and returning an absentee ballot. If a voter does not provide an identification number when applying for or returning a ballot, they must include a copy of their photo ID O.C.G.A § 21-2-381
O.C.G.A § 21-2-385
Hawaii No voter ID law N/A
Idaho Voters must provide an identification number if applying for an absentee ballot online Idaho Secretary of State
Illinois No voter ID law N/A
Indiana Voters must provide their driver's license number, ID card number or Social Security number when applying for an absentee ballot. A person also can provide a copy of their photo ID to fulfill this requirement Ind. Code §3-11-4-2
Iowa Voters must provide an identification number when applying for an absentee ballot Iowa Code §53.2
Kansas Voters must provide their driver's license number or provide a copy of their photo ID when applying for an advanced mail ballot Kan. Stat. Ann. §25-1122
Kentucky Voters must provide a copy of their photo ID when applying for an absentee ballot KRS §117.085
Louisiana Voters must provide a copy of their photo ID when applying for an absentee ballot if they are considered a disabled applicant. Voters must provide their identification number when applying for an absentee ballot online; if applying using a paper form, this step is optional. Louisiana Secretary of State
Louisiana absentee ballot application
Maine No voter ID law N/A
Maryland No voter ID law N/A
Massachusetts No voter ID law N/A
Michigan Voters must provide an identification number if applying for an absentee ballot online Mich. Comp. Laws §168.759
Minnesota No voter ID law N/A
Mississippi No requirement N/A
Missouri Voters must provide the last four digits of their Social Security number when applying for an absentee ballot Missouri absentee ballot request form
Montana No requirement N/A
Nebraska Voters must provide either their driver's license or ID number or a copy of their photo ID when requesting a by-mail early voting ballot. Voters can complete a reasonable impediment certificate instead of providing their ID Neb. Rev. Stat. §32-941
Nevada No voter ID law N/A
New Hampshire Effective September 30, 2025, voters must present their photo ID in person when applying for an absentee ballot or must include a notarized signature and a copy of their ID if they are mailing their application New Hampshire Chapter 0302
New Jersey No voter ID law N/A
New Mexico No voter ID law N/A
New York No voter ID law N/A
North Carolina Voters must provide an identification number when applying for an absentee ballot and must include a copy of their ID when returning their ballot. Voters also can complete an exception form instead of providing their ID N.C. Gen. Stat. §163-230.1
North Carolina State Board of Elections
North Dakota Voters must provide an identification number when applying for an absentee ballot. Disabled voters are exempt from this requirement and those living outside the U.S. can use their military ID or passport N.D.C.C. §16.1-07-06
Ohio Voters must provide either a copy of their ID or their driver's license or identification number when applying for and returning their absentee ballot R.C. 3509.03
R.C. 3509.05
Oklahoma Voters must provide an identification number when applying for an absentee ballot Oklahoma absentee ballot application
Oregon No voter ID law N/A
Pennsylvania No voter ID law N/A
Rhode Island Voters must provide an identification number if they are applying for a mail ballot online and aren't currently registered to vote Rhode Island Secretary of State
R.I. Gen. Laws §17-20-2.3
South Carolina Voters must provide an identification number when applying for an absentee ballot. They also must provide their ID if returning an absentee ballot in person S.C. Code Ann. §7-15-330 and S.C. Code Ann. §7-15-385(D)(1)
South Dakota Voters must provide a copy of their photo ID or a notarized statement when applying for an absentee ballot SDCL 12-19-2
Tennessee Voters must provide their Social Security number when applying for an absentee ballot Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-6-202
Texas Voters must provide an identification number when applying for and returning a ballot by mail Tex. Elec. Code Ann. §84.002
Texas Secretary of State
Utah Until 2026, there is no requirement. Starting in 2026, voters must provide either a copy of their photo ID or their driver's license or ID number when returning an absentee ballot Utah H.B. 300
Vermont No voter ID law N/A
Virginia Voters must provide their identification number when applying for an absentee ballot, unless they are doing so in person. If a person is applying for an absentee ballot in person they must instead provide a copy of their ID or sign a sworn statement Va. Code §24-2-701
Washington No requirement N/A
West Virginia No requirement N/A
Wisconsin A voter must provide a copy of their photo ID when requesting an absentee ballot unless it was previously provided in an earlier absentee ballot request Wis. Stat. §6.86(ar)
Wyoming A voter must provide a copy of their ID if requesting an absentee ballot in person Wy. Stat. §22-9-104


Voter identification requirements for early voting

States can have different voter identification requirements for early voting compared with voting on Election Day. Early voting refers to any in-person voting conducted before Election Day.

As of August 2025, 21 states required voters to present photo identification when voting in-person before Election Day, while 12 states required voters to present non-photo identification. Alabama, Mississippi, and New Hampshire have voter ID laws but do not have no-excuse early voting.

Voter identification requirements for early voting by state
State Requirement Source
Alabama Does not offer no-excuse early voting N/A
Alaska Non-photo ID required for early voting AS 15.20.061
Arizona Non-photo ID required for early voting Arizona Secretary of State
Arkansas Photo ID required for early voting A.C.A. § 7-5-418
California No voter ID law N/A
Colorado Non-photo ID required for early voting[49][50] C.R.S. § 1-7-110
Connecticut Non-photo ID required for early voting Conn. Gen. Stat. §9-163
Delaware Non-photo ID required for early voting[51] 15 Del. C. § 4937
Delaware Secretary of State
Florida Photo ID required for early voting Fla. Stat. §101.657
Georgia Photo ID required for early voting Georgia Secretary of State
Hawaii No voter ID law N/A
Idaho Photo ID required for early voting Idaho Code §34-1012
Illinois No voter ID law N/A
Indiana Photo ID required for early voting Ind. Code §3-11-10-26
Iowa Non-photo ID required for early voting Iowa Code §53.10
Kansas Photo ID required for early voting Kan. Stat. Ann. §25-1122
Kentucky Photo ID required for early voting KRS §117.076
Louisiana Photo ID required for early voting LSA 18:1309
Maine No voter ID law N/A
Maryland No voter ID law N/A
Massachusetts No voter ID law N/A
Michigan Photo ID required for early voting [52] Mich. Comp. Laws §168.720b
Minnesota No voter ID law N/A
Mississippi Does not offer no-excuse early voting[53] N/A
Missouri Photo ID required for early voting RSMo §115.277
Montana Photo ID required for early voting §13-13-114
Nebraska Photo ID required for early voting Neb. Rev. Stat. §32942
Nevada No voter ID law N/A
New Hampshire Does not offer no-excuse early voting N/A
New Jersey No voter ID law N/A
New Mexico No voter ID law N/A
New York No voter ID law N/A
North Carolina Photo ID required for early voting N.C. Gen. Stat. §163-166.40
North Dakota Non-photo ID required for early voting[54] N.D.C.C. §16.1-01-04.1
Ohio Photo ID required for early voting R.C. 3509.051
Oklahoma Non-photo ID required for early voting Okla. Stat. §26-14-115.4
Oregon No voter ID law N/A
Pennsylvania No voter ID law N/A
Rhode Island Photo ID required for early voting Rhode Island Secretary of State
South Carolina Photo ID required for early voting S.C. Code Ann. §7-13-710
[South Carolina Election Commission
South Dakota Photo ID required for early voting South Dakota Secretary of State
Tennessee Photo ID required for early voting Tenn. Code Ann. § 2-7-112
Tennessee Secretary of State
Texas Photo ID required for early voting Tex. Elec. Code Ann. §85.031
Utah Non-photo ID required for early voting[55] Utah Code §20A-1-102
Vermont No voter ID law N/A
Virginia Non-photo ID required for early voting Va. Code §24.2-701.1
Washington Non-photo ID required for early voting [56] RCW 29A.40.160
West Virginia Photo ID required for early voting W. Va. Code §3-1-34
West Virginia Secretary of State
Wisconsin Photo ID required for early voting Wis. Stat. §6.86(ar)
Wyoming Non-photo ID required for early voting Wy. Stat. §22-2-119


Support and opposition

The following quotes briefly summarize arguments for and against voter ID laws. See our page, Arguments for and against voter identification laws, for detailed support and opposition arguments from a variety of sources.


Arguments for and against voter identification laws
Support Opposition
"Voter ID laws can stop multiple types of fraud, such as impersonating another registered voter, preventing noncitizens from voting, and stopping out-of-state residents or someone registered in multiple jurisdictions. ... That’s one reason why voters across all demographics support voter ID laws in virtually every poll by almost 80%. This typically includes more than 60% of Democrats ... according to a poll conducted by the Honest Elections Project."[57]

- Fred Lucas, The Heritage Foundation (2023)
 "Overly burdensome photo ID laws deprive many voters of their right to vote, reduce participation, and stand in direct opposition to our country’s trend of including more Americans in the democratic process. Many Americans do not have one of the forms ofgovernment-issued photo identification that state laws list as acceptable for voting. These voters are disproportionately low-income, racial and ethnic minorities, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Such voters more frequently cannot afford or cannot obtain the underlying documents that are a prerequisite to obtaining government-issued photo ID card."[58]

- ACLU (2021)


See the following pages for an in-depth look at the debate into various topics related to voting policy and election administration.

Voter identification legislation

The table below lists bills related to voter identification introduced during (or carried over to) each state's regular legislative session this year. The following information is included for each bill:

  • State
  • Bill number
  • Official bill name or caption
  • Most recent action date
  • Legislative status
  • Sponsor party
  • Topics dealt with by the bill

Bills are organized by state and then by most recent action. The table displays up to 100 results. To view more bills, use the arrows in the upper-right corner. Clicking on a bill will open its page on Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, which includes bill details and a summary.


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See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ AL.com, "Alabama photo voter ID law to be used in 2014, state officials say," June 25, 2013
  2. ↑ Alabama Secretary of State Website, "Alabama Photo Voter Identification," accessed March 1, 2023
  3. ↑ Alaska State Legislature, "Alaska Statutes 2018 Sec. 15.15.225 Voter identification at polls," accessed July 15, 2024
  4. ↑ Arkansas Secretary of State, "Voter Registration Information," accessed July 29, 2024
  5. ↑ California Secretary of State, "What to Bring to Your Polling Place," accessed August 12, 2024
  6. ↑ Delaware.gov, "Voting in Delaware," accessed July 22, 2024
  7. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "Election Day Voting," accessed April 10, 2023
  8. ↑ Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Voter Identification Requirements," accessed April 12, 2023
  9. ↑ Hawaii Revised Statutes Annotated, "§ 11-136," accessed September 13, 2022
  10. ↑ Idaho Secretary of State's Office - Vote Idaho, "Guide to Voting in Person," accessed July 2, 2025
  11. ↑ Illinois State Board of Elections, "Illinois Voter Information," June 16, 2015
  12. ↑ Indiana Election Division, "Photo ID Law," accessed June 10, 2014
  13. ↑ Kentucky State Board of Elections, "Election Day Information," accessed April 26, 2023
  14. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "FAQ: Voting on Election Day," accessed August 15, 2024
  15. ↑ Maine Secretary of State, "Your Right to Vote in Maine," accessed April 15, 2023
  16. ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "General Requirements of the Act," accessed June 10, 2014
  17. ↑ Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "Identification Requirements," accessed April 13, 2023
  18. ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "A Guide to Voter Identification at the Polls," accessed April 17, 2023
  19. ↑ Minnesota Secretary of State, "Do I Need to Bring ID?" accessed October 3, 2019
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mvid
  21. ↑ Montana Code Annotated 2023, "§ 13-13-114. Voter Identification And Marking Precinct Register Book Before Elector Votes -- Provisional Voting" accessed June 9, 2025
  22. ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, "Full text," accessed June 8, 2023
  23. ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, "Election Day FAQ," accessed June 8, 2023
  24. ↑ Nevada Legislatures, "Nev. Rev. Stat. § 293.277," accessed September 18, 2025
  25. ↑ Valley News, "Voter ID Compromise, Medical Marijuana Approved in N.H.," June 27, 2013
  26. ↑ Sentinel Source, "Voters without ID will take Polaroids at Keene polls," October 5, 2015
  27. ↑ New Hampshire Secretary of State, "Voter Identification Law," accessed June 24, 2024
  28. ↑ New Jersey Department of State, "Voting Information," accessed August 22, 2024
  29. ↑ New Mexico Secretary of State, "Voter FAQs," accessed June 24, 2025
  30. ↑ FindLaw, "New York Consolidated Laws, Election Law - ELN § 5-210. Registration and enrollment and change of enrollment upon application," accessed October 8, 2024
  31. ↑ FindLaw, "New York Consolidated Laws, Election Law - ELN § 8-302. Voting;  verification of registration," accessed October 8, 2024
  32. ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Identification Requirements," accessed April 6, 2023
  33. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named votegen
  34. ↑ Rhode Island Secretary of State, "Vote on Election Day," accessed April 18, 2023
  35. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named scvid
  36. ↑ DMV.org, "Voter Registration in South Dakota," accessed June 10, 2014
  37. ↑ Tennessee Secretary of State, "What ID is required when voting?" accessed July 16, 2025
  38. ↑ Utah State Legislature, "Utah Code 20A-1-102. Definitions." accessed May 13, 2025
  39. ↑ Vermont Secretary of State, "Election Day FAQs," accessed April 20, 2023
  40. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named waleg
  41. ↑ West Virginia Legislature, "House Bill 3016 (2025)," accessed June 27, 2025
  42. ↑ West Virginia State Legislature, "West Virginia Code, §3-1-34. Voting procedures generally; identification; assistance to voters; voting records; penalties." accessed June 29, 2025
  43. ↑ West Virginia Secretary of State, "Elections, Be Registered and Ready" accessed June 29, 2025
  44. ↑ Wisconsin Department of Transportation, "Wisconsin ID card for voting purposes - petition process," accessed May 4, 2023
  45. ↑ Wyoming Legislature, "HB0075 - Voter identification," accessed April 13, 2021
  46. ↑ Congress.gov, "Help America Vote Act," accessed September 9, 2025
  47. ↑ For example, Louisiana requires disabled voters to provide a copy of their photo ID when applying for an absentee ballot, and voters in South Dakota must provide a copy of their photo ID or a notarized statement when applying for an absentee ballot.
  48. ↑ For example, multiple states require voters to provide their identification number if they do not provide a copy of their photo ID, while Rhode Island requires voters to provide an identification number if they are applying for an absentee ballot online and aren't currently registered to vote.
  49. ↑ While Colorado conducts all-mail elections, it does offer in-person voting prior to and on Election Day.
  50. ↑ Andrew Bahl, "Email interview with Jack Todd, Colorado Secretary of State's Office," September 4, 2025
  51. ↑ If a voter does not have ID but is present in their correct polling place or at an early voting site and appears on the poll list, the voter is allowed to cast a ballot after filling out an affirmation form.
  52. ↑ If a voter does not have ID, they can be allowed to vote by signing an affidavit.
  53. ↑ Mississippi has excuse-required, in-person absentee voting where voters are required to present a photo ID
  54. ↑ Andrew Bahl, "Interview with Misty Curn, North Dakota Secretary of State's office," September 5, 2025
  55. ↑ Andrew Bahl, "Email interview with Amy Iversen, Utah Lieutenant Governor's office," September 5, 2025
  56. ↑ While Washington conducts all-mail elections, voters who go to an in-person voting center must present identification or sign a ballot declaration
  57. ↑ The Heritage Foundation, "Voter ID Laws Are Popular for Good Reasons," January 17, 2023
  58. ↑ ACLU, "Oppose Voter ID Legislation - Fact Sheet," August 2021
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