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West Virginia's 1st Congressional District election, 2022

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2024
2020
West Virginia's 1st Congressional District
Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge.png
Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: January 29, 2022
Primary: May 10, 2022
General: November 8, 2022
How to vote
Poll times: 6:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
Voting in West Virginia
Race ratings
Cook Partisan Voter Index (2022): R+23
Cook Political Report: Solid Republican
Inside Elections: Solid Republican
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022
See also
West Virginia's 1st Congressional District
1st2nd
West Virginia elections, 2022
U.S. Congress elections, 2022
U.S. Senate elections, 2022
U.S. House elections, 2022

All U.S. House districts, including the 1st Congressional District of West Virginia, held elections in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. The primary was scheduled for May 10, 2022. The filing deadline was January 29, 2022.

The outcome of this race affected the partisan balance of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 118th Congress. All 435 House districts were up for election.

Republicans won a 222-213 majority in the U.S. House in 2022.

Daily Kos calculated what the results of the 2020 presidential election in this district would have been following redistricting. Joe Biden (D) would have received 28.8% of the vote in this district and Donald Trump (R) would have received 69.7%.[1]

For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Incumbent Carol Miller defeated Lacy Watson and Belinda Fox-Spencer in the general election for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Carol Miller
Carol Miller (R)
 
66.7
 
151,511
Image of Lacy Watson
Lacy Watson (D) Candidate Connection
 
28.8
 
65,428
Image of Belinda Fox-Spencer
Belinda Fox-Spencer (Independent)
 
4.5
 
10,257

Total votes: 227,196
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Lacy Watson advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on May 10, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Lacy Watson
Lacy Watson Candidate Connection
 
100.0
 
32,686

Total votes: 32,686
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Incumbent Carol Miller defeated Scott Fuller, Zane Lawhorn, James Houser, and Kent Stevens in the Republican primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on May 10, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Carol Miller
Carol Miller
 
66.3
 
41,852
Image of Scott Fuller
Scott Fuller
 
9.8
 
6,197
Image of Zane Lawhorn
Zane Lawhorn
 
8.8
 
5,530
James Houser
 
7.7
 
4,877
Kent Stevens Candidate Connection
 
7.4
 
4,658

Total votes: 63,114
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses

Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. The section below shows responses from candidates in this race who completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

Survey responses from candidates in this race

Click on a candidate's name to visit their Ballotpedia page.

Note: Ballotpedia reserves the right to edit Candidate Connection survey responses. Any edits made by Ballotpedia will be clearly marked with [brackets] for the public. If the candidate disagrees with an edit, he or she may request the full removal of the survey response from Ballotpedia.org. Ballotpedia does not edit or correct typographical errors unless the candidate's campaign requests it.

Expand all | Collapse all

Healthcare - I will protect reproductive rights, bodily autonomy, & access to affordable healthcare including prescription drugs for all.

Education - I will work diligently to earmark & allocate funds for the further development & support of our public schools & higher education systems, in an effort to retain & attract the best school counselors, teachers, & administrators. This starts with recruiting the best talent, offering competitive wages, that will retain the best talent.

Infrastructure/Broadband - We need to have 21st century infrastructure to compete. This includes affordable & accessible broadband access to grow our economy, create jobs, attract businesses, & further support & preserve our middle class.
I am passionate about education, healthcare, and infrastructure as these 3 areas critically impact West Virginians. It is imperative that our workforce earn a living wage. It is imperative that our residents have access to broadband and healthcare services that lead to a full, productive, and sustainable quality of life. I will not stop until we attain those goals for our residents.



Voting information

See also: Voting in West Virginia

Election information in West Virginia: Nov. 8, 2022, election.

What was the voter registration deadline?

  • In-person: Oct. 18, 2022
  • By mail: Received by Oct. 18, 2022
  • Online: Oct. 18, 2022

Was absentee/mail-in voting available to all voters?

No

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot request deadline?

  • In-person: Nov. 2, 2022
  • By mail: Received by Nov. 2, 2022
  • Online: N/A

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline?

  • In-person: Nov. 7, 2022
  • By mail: Postmarked by Nov. 8, 2022

Was early voting available to all voters?

Yes

What were the early voting start and end dates?

Oct. 26, 2022 to Nov. 5, 2022

Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required?

N/A

When were polls open on Election Day?

N/A


Campaign finance

This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[2] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[3] Click here to view the reporting schedule for candidates for U.S. Congress in 2022.

U.S. Congress campaign reporting schedule, 2022
Report Close of books Filing deadline
Year-end 2021 12/31/2021 1/31/2022
April quarterly 3/31/2022 4/15/2022
July quarterly 6/30/2022 7/15/2022
October quarterly 9/30/2022 10/15/2022
Pre-general 10/19/2022 10/27/2022
Post-general 11/28/2022 12/08/2022
Year-end 2022 12/31/2022 1/31/2023


Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Carol Miller Republican Party $1,236,367 $1,189,939 $213,435 As of December 31, 2022
Lacy Watson Democratic Party $0 $0 $0 Data not available***
Scott Fuller Republican Party $29,151 $21,789 $13,525 As of March 31, 2022
James Houser Republican Party $0 $0 $0 Data not available***
Zane Lawhorn Republican Party $21,440 $20,952 $487 As of May 10, 2022
Kent Stevens Republican Party $0 $0 $0 Data not available***
Belinda Fox-Spencer Independent $0 $0 $0 Data not available***

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2022. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.
*** Candidate either did not report any receipts or disbursements to the FEC, or Ballotpedia did not find an FEC candidate ID.

General election race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

  • Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
  • Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
  • Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[4]
  • Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[5][6][7]

Race ratings: West Virginia's 1st Congressional District election, 2022
Race trackerRace ratings
November 8, 2022November 1, 2022October 25, 2022October 18, 2022
The Cook Political Report with Amy WalterSolid RepublicanSolid RepublicanSolid RepublicanSolid Republican
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesSolid RepublicanSolid RepublicanSolid RepublicanSolid Republican
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe RepublicanSafe Republican
Note: Ballotpedia reviews external race ratings every week throughout the election season and posts weekly updates even if the media outlets have not revised their ratings during that week.

Ballot access requirements

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in West Virginia in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in West Virginia, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2022
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
West Virginia U.S. House Ballot-qualified party N/A $1,740.00 1/29/2022 Source
West Virginia U.S. House Unaffiliated 1% of all votes cast for the office in the last general election $1,740.00 8/1/2022 Source

District analysis

Click the tabs below to view information about voter composition, past elections, and demographics in both the district and the state.

  • District map - A map of the district before and after redistricting.
  • Effect of redistricting - How districts in the state changed as a result of redistricting following the 2020 census.
  • Competitiveness - Information about the competitiveness of 2022 U.S. House elections in the state.
  • Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the district and the state.
  • Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
  • State party control - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.

District map

Below was the map in use at the time of the election, enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle, compared to the map in place before the election.

West Virginia District 1
until January 2, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.

West Virginia District 1
starting January 3, 2023

Click a district to compare boundaries.


Effect of redistricting

See also: Redistricting in West Virginia after the 2020 census

The table below details the results of the 2020 presidential election in each district at the time of the 2022 election and its political predecessor district.[8] This data was compiled by Daily Kos Elections.[9]

2020 presidential results by Congressional district, West Virginia
District 2022 district Political predecessor district
Joe Biden Democratic Party Donald Trump Republican Party Joe Biden Democratic Party Donald Trump Republican Party
West Virginia's 1st 28.8% 69.7% 25.5% 73.1%
West Virginia's 2nd 30.6% 67.6% 32.8% 65.4%

Competitiveness

See also: Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2022

This section contains data on U.S. House primary election competitiveness in West Virginia.

Post-filing deadline analysis

The following analysis covers all U.S. House districts up for election in West Virginia in 2022. Information below was calculated on Feb. 24, 2022, and may differ from information shown in the table above due to candidate replacements and withdrawals after that time.

Thirteen candidates—three Democrats and 10 Republicans—filed to run for West Virginia's two U.S. House districts in 2022. That's 6.5 candidates per district, more than the 4.7 candidates per district in 2020 and 6.3 in 2018.

This was the first candidate filing deadline to take place under new district lines adopted during West Virginia's decennial redistricting process. West Virginia was apportioned two congressional districts, a decrease from the three apportioned after the 2010 census.

As a result of this lost district, two incumbents—Reps. David McKinley (R) and Alexander Mooney (R)—filed to run against one another in the 2nd District Republican primary. Rep. Carol Miller (R), who represented the 3rd District before redistricting, filed to run in the 1st District.

With three incumbents seeking re-election, none of the districts were left open in 2022. Between 2012 and 2022, there were two election cycles with an open district: 2014 and 2018.

Seven candidates—two Democrats and five Republicans—filed to run in the 2nd District and six—one Democrat and five Republicans—filed to run in the 1st District.

Presidential elections

Partisan Voter Index

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

Heading into the 2022 elections, based on results from the 2020 and 2016 presidential elections, the Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was R+23. This meant that in those two presidential elections, this district's results were 23 percentage points more Republican than the national average. This made West Virginia's 1st the 18th most Republican district nationally.[10]

2020 presidential election results

The table below shows what the vote in the 2020 presidential election would have been in this district. The presidential election data was compiled by Daily Kos.

2020 presidential results in West Virginia's 1st based on 2022 district lines
Joe Biden Democratic Party Donald Trump Republican Party
28.8% 69.7%

Presidential voting history

See also: Presidential election in West Virginia, 2020

West Virginia presidential election results (1900-2020)

  • 15 Democratic wins
  • 16 Republican wins
Year 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
Winning Party R R R D R R R R D D D D D D R D D D R D D R D D D R R R R R R


Demographics

The table below details demographic data in West Virginia and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019.

Demographic Data for West Virginia
West Virginia United States
Population 1,852,994 308,745,538
Land area (sq mi) 24,041 3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White 93.1% 72.5%
Black/African American 3.7% 12.7%
Asian 0.8% 5.5%
Native American 0.2% 0.8%
Pacific Islander 0% 0.2%
Other (single race) 0.4% 4.9%
Multiple 1.8% 3.3%
Hispanic/Latino 1.6% 18%
Education
High school graduation rate 86.9% 88%
College graduation rate 20.6% 32.1%
Income
Median household income $46,711 $62,843
Persons below poverty level 17.6% 13.4%
Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2010). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2014-2019).
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


State party control

Congressional delegation

The table below displays the partisan composition of West Virginia's congressional delegation as of November 2022.

Congressional Partisan Breakdown from West Virginia, November 2022
Party U.S. Senate U.S. House Total
Democratic 1 0 1
Republican 1 3 4
Independent 0 0 0
Vacancies 0 0 0
Total 2 3 5

State executive

The table below displays the officeholders in West Virginia's top three state executive offices as of November 2022.

State executive officials in West Virginia, November 2022
Office Officeholder
Governor Republican Party Jim Justice
Secretary of State Republican Party Mac Warner
Attorney General Republican Party Patrick Morrisey

State legislature

The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the West Virginia State Legislature as of November 2022.

West Virginia State Senate

Party As of November 2022
     Democratic Party 11
     Republican Party 23
     Vacancies 0
Total 34

West Virginia House of Delegates

Party As of November 2022
     Democratic Party 22
     Republican Party 78
     Independent 0
     Vacancies 0
Total 100

Trifecta control

As of November 2022, West Virginia was a Republican trifecta, with majorities in both chambers of the state legislature and control of the governorship. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.

West Virginia Party Control: 1992-2022
Nineteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  Five years of Republican trifectas

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Governor D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D[11] R R R R R
Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R
House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R

District history

2020

See also: West Virginia's 1st Congressional District election, 2020

West Virginia's 1st Congressional District election, 2020 (June 9 Democratic primary)

West Virginia's 1st Congressional District election, 2020 (June 9 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Incumbent David McKinley defeated Natalie Cline and Shawn Cosner in the general election for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on November 3, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of David McKinley
David McKinley (R)
 
69.0
 
180,488
Image of Natalie Cline
Natalie Cline (D) Candidate Connection
 
31.0
 
81,177
Image of Shawn Cosner
Shawn Cosner (Nonpartisan) (Write-in) Candidate Connection
 
0.0
 
0

Total votes: 261,665
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Watch the Candidate Conversation for this race!

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Natalie Cline defeated Tom Payne in the Democratic primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on June 9, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Natalie Cline
Natalie Cline Candidate Connection
 
74.7
 
46,052
Image of Tom Payne
Tom Payne
 
25.3
 
15,559

Total votes: 61,611
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Incumbent David McKinley advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on June 9, 2020.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of David McKinley
David McKinley
 
100.0
 
64,511

Total votes: 64,511
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

David Moran advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on April 8, 2020.

Candidate
Image of David Moran
David Moran (L)

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2018

See also: West Virginia's 1st Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Incumbent David McKinley defeated Kendra Fershee in the general election for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of David McKinley
David McKinley (R)
 
64.6
 
127,997
Image of Kendra Fershee
Kendra Fershee (D)
 
35.4
 
70,217

Total votes: 198,214
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Kendra Fershee defeated Ralph Baxter and Tom Payne in the Democratic primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on May 8, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of Kendra Fershee
Kendra Fershee
 
47.2
 
23,137
Ralph Baxter
 
38.1
 
18,670
Image of Tom Payne
Tom Payne
 
14.6
 
7,169

Total votes: 48,976
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1

Incumbent David McKinley advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House West Virginia District 1 on May 8, 2018.

Candidate
Image of David McKinley
David McKinley

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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2016

See also: West Virginia's 1st Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent David McKinley (R) defeated challenger Mike Manypenny (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Neither candidate faced a primary opponent on May 10, 2016.[12]

U.S. House, West Virginia District 1 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDavid McKinley Incumbent 69% 163,469
     Democratic Mike Manypenny 31% 73,534
Total Votes 237,003
Source: West Virginia Secretary of State

Primary candidates:[13]

Democratic

Mike Manypenny[12] Approveda

Republican

David McKinley - Incumbent Approveda

2014

See also: West Virginia's 1st Congressional District elections, 2014

The 1st Congressional District of West Virginia held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent David McKinley (R) defeated Glen Gainer (D) in the general election.

U.S. House, West Virginia District 1 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDavid McKinley Incumbent 63.9% 91,843
     Democratic Glen Gainer 36.1% 51,842
Total Votes 143,685
Source: West Virginia Secretary of State

May 13, 2014, primary results

Republican Party Republican Primary

Democratic Party Democratic Primary


See also

West Virginia 2022 primaries 2022 U.S. Congress elections
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West Virginia congressional delegation
Voting in West Virginia
West Virginia elections:
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Democratic primary battlegrounds
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External links

Footnotes

  1. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2020 presidential results by congressional district, for new and old districts," accessed September 15, 2022
  2. Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
  3. Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
  4. Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
  5. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
  6. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
  7. Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
  8. Political predecessor districts are determined primarily based on incumbents and where each chose to seek re-election.
  9. Daily Kos Elections, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 presidential results by congressional district (old CDs vs. new CDs)," accessed May 12, 2022
  10. Cook Political Report, "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI℠)," accessed February 6, 2023
  11. Gov. Jim Justice switched his registration to Republican on August 4, 2017.
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 West Virginia Secretary of State, "Candidate Listing By Office," accessed February 2, 2016 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "list" defined multiple times with different content
  13. Candidates are listed by party and alphabetically within each party.


Senators
Representatives
District 1
District 2
Republican Party (4)