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Number of state constitutional amendments in each state

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This page is a running summary of the number of times each of the current versions of the state constitutions in the 50 states have been amended. It was last updated on November 29, 2024. Each state section below includes this information:

  • The year that the current state constitution went into effect.
  • Which version the current constitution is.
  • How many times the current version has been amended.
  • A note about when the state's constitution was most recently amended.
  • A note about how amendments can occur in each state.

Alabama

See also: Alabama Constitution and Amending Alabama's constitution
  • The current (and seventh) Alabama Constitution was ratified by voters in 2022.
  • Alabama has had seven state constitutions.
  • The current constitution has 18 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 12 times.
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Alabama Constitution on November 5, 2024.

The Alabama Constitution can be amended with a legislative or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.

Alaska

See also: Alaska Constitution and Amending Alaska's constitution
  • The current Alaska Constitution was ratified in 1956 and went into effect in 1959.
  • Alaska has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 15 articles.
  • The current Alaska Constitution has been amended 28 times.[1]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Alaska Constitution on November 2, 2004, when voters approved Measure 1.


Arizona

See also: Arizona Constitution and Amending Arizona's constitution
  • The current constitution was adopted in 1912.
  • Arizona has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 30 articles.
  • The current Arizona Constitution has been amended 161 times.[2]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Arizona Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Arkansas

See also: Arkansas Constitution and Amending Arkansas' constitution
  • The current Arkansas Constitution was adopted in 1874.
  • Arkansas has had five state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 20 articles.
  • The current Arkansas Constitution has been amended 104 times.[3][4]
  • Voters last approved new amendments to the Arkansas Constitution on November 5, 2024, when voters approved two amendments.

The Arkansas Constitution can be amended with a legislative or citizen-initiated amendment, both of which require voter approval.

California

See also: California Constitution and Amending California's constitution
  • The current California Constitution was adopted in 1879.
  • California has had two state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 35 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 524 times.[5]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the California Constitution on November 5, 2024, when voters approved Proposition 3.

The California Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.

Colorado

See also: Colorado Constitution and Amending Colorado's constitution


Connecticut

See also: Connecticut Constitution and Amending Connecticut's constitution
  • The current Connecticut Constitution was adopted in 1965.
  • Connecticut has had two state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 14 articles.
  • The current Connecticut Constitution has been amended 34 times.[7]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Connecticut Constitution on November 5, 2024, when voters approved the Connecticut No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment.


Delaware

See also: Delaware Constitution and Amending Delaware's constitution
  • The current Delaware Constitution was adopted in 1897.
  • Delaware has had four constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 17 articles.
  • The current Delaware Constitution has been amended "over 100 times."[8]
  • The most recent amendments to Delaware's constitution were Senate Bill 41 (passed April 25, 2023); House Bill 77 (passed April 6, 2023); and Senate Bill 39 (passed April 25, 2023).[9][10][11]


Florida

See also: Florida Constitution and Amending Florida's constitution
  • The current Florida Constitution was adopted on November 5, 1968.[12]
  • Florida has had six state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 12 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 146 times.[13]
  • Voters last approved two new amendments to the Florida Constitution on November 5, 2024.

The Florida Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, as well as through commission referrals from the Florida Constitution Revision Commission and the Florida Taxation and Budget Reform Commission. All of constitutional amendments in Florida require voter approval.


Georgia

See also: Georgia Constitution and Amending Georgia's constitution
  • The current Georgia Constitution was adopted in 1983.[14]
  • Georgia has had 10 constitutions.
  • The current constitution has 11 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 91 times.[14][15]
  • Voters last approved amendments to the Georgia Constitution on November 5, 2024.

Georgia does not feature a process for initiated constitutional amendments. Thus, amendments in Georgia can be put on the ballot through referral by the legislature or by a constitutional convention.


Hawaii

See also: Hawaii Constitution and Amending Hawaii's constitution
  • The current Hawaii Constitution as a state of the United States was adopted by voters on June 27, 1959.[16]
  • Hawaii has had one state constitution.
  • The current constitution has 18 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 117 times.[17]
  • Voters last approved amendments to the Hawaii Constitution on November 5, 2024.

Hawaii does not feature a process for initiated constitutional amendments. Thus, amendments in Hawaii can be put on the ballot through referral by the legislature or by a constitutional convention.


Idaho

See also: Idaho Constitution and Amending Idaho's constitution
  • The current Idaho Constitution was adopted in 1890.
  • Idaho has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 21 articles.
  • The current Idaho Constitution has been amended 143 times.[18]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Idaho Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Illinois

See also: Illinois Constitution and Amending Illinois' constitution
  • The current Illinois Constitution was adopted in 1970.
  • Illinois has had four state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 14 articles.
  • The current Illinois Constitution has been amended 15 times.[19]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Illinois Constitution on November 8, 2022, when voters approved Amendment 1.


Indiana

See also: Indiana Constitution and Amending Indiana's constitution


Iowa

See also: Iowa Constitution and Amending Iowa's constitution
  • The current Iowa Constitution was adopted on March 3, 1857.[21]
  • Iowa has had three state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 12 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 51 times.[22]
  • Voters most recently approved two new amendments to the Iowa Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Kansas

See also: Kansas Constitution and Amending Kansas' constitution
  • The current and first Kansas Constitution was adopted by voters on October 4, 1859.
  • The Kansas Constitution was originally known as the "Wyandotte Constitution."
  • The current state constitution has a Preamble, a Bill of Rights, and 15 articles.
  • The current Kansas Constitution has been amended 95 times.[23]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Kansas Constitution on November 8, 2022, when voters approved Amendment 2.

Kansas does not feature a process for initiated constitutional amendments. The Kansas Constitution can only be amended via a legislatively referred constitutional amendment or by a constitutional convention.


Kentucky

See also: Kentucky Constitution and Amending Kentucky's constitution
  • The current Kentucky Constitution was adopted in 1891.
  • Kentucky has had four state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has a preamble and 20 articles.
  • The current Kentucky Constitution has been amended 41 times.[24]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Kentucky Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Louisiana

See also: Louisiana Constitution and Amending Louisiana's constitution
  • The current state constitution was adopted in 1974.[25]
  • The state has had 11 constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 14 articles.
  • From 1978 through 2024, 321 proposed amendments have been on the ballot and 221 (68.84%) were adopted by voters.[26][27][28]
  • Voters last approved new amendments to the Louisiana Constitution on December 7, 2024, when voters approved four constitutional amendments.


Maine

See also: Maine Constitution and Amending Maine's constitution
  • The current Maine Constitution was adopted in 1820.
  • Maine has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 10 articles.
  • The current Maine Constitution has been amended 177 times.[29]
  • The most recent amendments to the Maine Constitution were approved by voters on November 7, 2023.


Maryland

See also: Maryland Constitution and Amending Maryland's constitution
  • The current Maryland Constitution was adopted in 1867.
  • Maryland has had four state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 20 articles.
  • The current Maryland Constitution has been amended 240 times.[30]
  • Voters last approved a constitutional amendment to the Maine Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Massachusetts

See also: Massachusetts Constitution and Amending Massachusetts' constitution

The Massachusetts Constitution can be amended with a legislative, indirect citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.

Michigan

See also: Michigan Constitution and Amending Michigan's constitution
  • The current Michigan Constitution was adopted in 1963.
  • Michigan has had three state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 12 articles.
  • The current Michigan Constitution has been amended 39 times.
  • Voters last approved three new amendments to the Michigan Constitution on November 8, 2022.


Minnesota

See also: Minnesota Constitution and Amending Minnesota constitution
  • The current Minnesota Constitution was adopted on October 13, 1857.[32]
  • Minnesota has had one state constitution.
  • The Minnesota Constitution has 14 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 121 times.[33]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Minnesota Constitution on November 5, 2024, when voters approved Amendment 1.

Minnesota does not feature a process for initiated constitutional amendments. Thus, amendments in Minnesota can be put on the ballot through referral by the legislature or by a constitutional convention.


Mississippi

See also: Mississippi Constitution and Amending Mississippi's constitution
  • The current Mississippi Constitution was adopted on November 1, 1890.[34]
  • Mississippi has had four constitutions, which were adopted in 1817, 1832, 1868, and 1890.
  • The current state constitution has 15 articles.
  • The current Mississippi Constitution has been amended 123 times.[35][36]
  • The most recent amendments to the Mississippi Constitution, of which there are two, were approved by voters in 2020.

The Mississippi Constitution can be amended with a legislatively referred constitutional amendment, or a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment, both of which require voter approval.

Note on Mississippi:

Mississippi has an initiated constitutional amendment process, including a signature distribution requirement based on five congressional districts. However, the requirements cannot be met, according to the Mississippi Supreme Court, because the state has four congressional districts following reapportionment in 2001. As a result, the process remains part of the state constitution but cannot be carried out in practice.[37]


Missouri

See also: Missouri Constitution and Amending Missouri's constitution
  • The current Missouri Constitution was adopted in 1945.
  • Missouri has had four state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 14 articles.
  • The current Missouri Constitution has been amended 126 times.[38][39]
  • The most recent amendments to the Missouri Constitution, of which there were four, were approved in 2024.


Montana

See also: Montana Constitution and Amending Montana's constitution
  • The current Montana Constitution was adopted in 1973 after being ratified by voters at an election held on June 6, 1972.
  • Montana has had two constitutions, the first being adopted in 1884.
  • The current state constitution has 14 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 38 times.[40]
  • Voters most recently adopted a new amendment to the constitution on November 5, 2024.

The Montana Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.


Nebraska

See also: Nebraska Constitution and Amending Nebraska's constitution
  • The current Nebraska Constitution was adopted in 1875.[41]
  • Nebraska has had one other constitution.
  • The current state constitution has a preamble and 18 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 240 times.[42]
  • The most recent amendment to the Nebraska Constitution was approved by voters in 2024.

The Nebraska Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.


Nevada

See also: Nevada Constitution and Amending Nevada's constitution
  • The current Nevada Constitution was adopted in 1864.
  • Nevada has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 19 articles.
  • The current Nevada Constitution has been amended over 112 times.[43]
  • Voters last approved two amendments to the Nevada Constitution on November 5, 2024.


New Hampshire

See also: New Hampshire Constitution and Amending New Hampshire's constitution
  • The current New Hampshire Constitution was adopted in 1783, taking effect in 1784.
  • New Hampshire has had two state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has two parts, with subsections which are called articles.
  • The current New Hampshire Constitution has been amended 149 times.[44]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the New Hampshire Constitution on November 6, 2018, when voters approved two additional amendments.


New Jersey

See also: New Jersey Constitution and Amending New Jersey's constitution
  • The current New Jersey Constitution was adopted in 1948.
  • New Jersey has had three state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 11 articles.
  • The current New Jersey Constitution has been amended 59 times.[45]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the New Jersey Constitution on November 2, 2021, when voters approved Public Question 2.


New Mexico

See also: New Mexico Constitution and Amending New Mexico's constitution
  • The current New Mexico Constitution was adopted in 1912.
  • New Mexico has had one state constitution since becoming a state.
  • The current state constitution has 24 articles.
  • The current New Mexico Constitution has been amended 182 times.[46]
  • Voters last approved four constitutional amendments to the New Mexico Constitution on November 5, 2024.


New York

See also: New York Constitution and Amending New York's constitution
  • The current New York Constitution was adopted in 1894 and revised in 1938 by a constitutional convention.
  • New York has had four state constitutions (1777, 1821, 1846, and 1894) and held eight constitutional conventions (1801, 1821, 1846, 1867, 1894, 1915, 1938, and 1967).[47]
  • The current state constitution has 20 articles.
  • The current New York Constitution has been amended over 207 times. Since 1996, 20 constitutional amendments have been adopted.[48]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the New York Constitution on November 5, 2024.


North Carolina

See also: North Carolina Constitution and Amending North Carolina's constitution
  • The current North Carolina Constitution was adopted in 1971.
  • North Carolina has had three state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 14 articles.
  • The current North Carolina Constitution has been amended 37 times.[49]
  • Voters last approved four new amendments to the North Carolina Constitution on November 5, 2024.

The North Carolina Constitution can be amended with a legislative or covention-referred constitutional amendment, both of which require voter approval.


North Dakota

See also: North Dakota Constitution and Amending North Dakota's constitution
  • The current North Dakota Constitution was adopted in 1889.[50]
  • North Dakota has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 16 articles.
  • The North Dakota constitution has been amended 167 times.[50]
  • Voters last approved new amendments to the state constitution on November 5, 2024.


The North Dakota Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.

Ohio

See also: Ohio Constitution and Amending Ohio's constitution
  • The current Ohio Constitution was adopted in 1851.
  • Ohio has had two state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 19 articles.
  • The current Ohio Constitution has been amended 173 times.[51]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Ohio Constitution on November 7, 2023, when voters approved Issue 1.

The Ohio Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.

Oklahoma

See also: Oklahoma Constitution and Amending Oklahoma's constitution
  • The current Oklahoma Constitution was adopted in 1907.
  • Oklahoma has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 30 articles.
  • The current Oklahoma Constitution has been amended 205 times.[52]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Oklahoma Constitution on November 5, 2024, when voters approved State Question 834.

The Oklahoma Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.


Oregon

See also: Oregon Constitution and Amending Oregon's constitution
  • The current and first Oregon Constitution was ratified on November 9, 1857, and went into effect when Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859.[53]
  • The current state constitution has 18 articles.
  • The current constitution has been amended 260 times.[54]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Oregon Constitution on November 5, 2024.

The Oregon Constitution can be amended with a legislative, citizen-initiated, or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.

Pennsylvania

See also: Pennsylvania Constitution and Amending Pennsylvania's constitution
  • The current Pennsylvania Constitution was adopted in 1968.
  • Pennsylvania has had five state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 11 articles.
  • The current Pennsylvania Constitution has been amended 44 times.[55]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Pennsylvania Constitution on May 18, 2021, when voters approved four constitutional amendments.

The Pennsylvania Constitution can be amended with a legislative constitutional amendment, which also requires voter approval.

Rhode Island

See also: Rhode Island Constitution and Amending Rhode Island's constitution
  • The current Rhode Island Constitution was adopted in 1986.
  • Rhode Island has had two constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 15 articles.
  • The current Rhode Island Constitution has been amended 14 times.[56]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Rhode Island Constitution on November 3, 2020.


South Carolina

See also: South Carolina Constitution and Amending South Carolina's constitution
  • The current South Carolina Constitution was adopted in 1895.
  • South Carolina has had seven state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 17 articles.
  • The 1895 constitution was amended 410 times. It was amended 330 times through 1966. It has been amended an additional 80 times from 1966 through 2024.[57]
  • South Carolina voters most recently approved a constitutional amendment on November 5, 2024.


South Dakota

See also: South Dakota Constitution and Amending South Dakota's constitution
  • The current South Dakota Constitution was adopted in 1889.
  • South Dakota has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 30 articles.
  • The current South Dakota Constitution has been amended 13 times since 2006.
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the South Dakota Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Tennessee

See also: Tennessee Constitution and Amending Tennessee's constitution
  • The current Tennessee Constitution was adopted in 1870.
  • Tennessee has had three state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 11 articles.
  • The current Tennessee Constitution has been amended 11 times since 2006.
  • Voters last approved four amendments to the Tennessee Constitution on November 8, 2022.


Texas

See also: Texas Constitution and Amending Texas' constitution
  • The current Texas Constitution was adopted in 1876.
  • Texas has had five state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 17 articles.
  • The current Texas Constitution has been amended 528 times.[58]
  • Voters last approved amendments to the Texas Constitution on November 7, 2023, when voters approved 13 of the 14 amendments on the ballot.

The Texas Constitution can be amended with a legislatively referred constitutional amendment, which requires voter approval. The Texas Constitution is one of 11 state constitutions with no mechanism or a lack of clarity in the process for calling a constitutional convention.


Utah

See also: Utah Constitution and Amending Utah's constitution
  • The current Utah Constitution was adopted in 1896.
  • Utah has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 22 articles.
  • The current Utah Constitution has been amended 134 times.[59]
  • Voters last approved new amendments to the Utah Constitution on November 5, 2024, when voters approved two amendments.

The Utah Constitution can be amended with a legislative or covention-referred constitutional amendment, both of which require voter approval.


Vermont

See also: Vermont Constitution and Amending Vermont's constitution
  • The current Vermont Constitution was adopted in 1793.
  • Vermont has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has two chapters.
  • The current Vermont Constitution has been amended 53 times.
  • Voters last approved two new amendments to the state constitution on November 8, 2022.


Virginia

See also: Virginia Constitution and Amending Virginia's constitution
  • The current Virginia Constitution was adopted in 1971.
  • Virginia has had six state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 12 articles and a schedule.
  • The current Virginia Constitution has been amended 15 times since 2006.
  • Voters last approved one constitutional amendment to the Virginia Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Washington

See also: Washington Constitution and Amending Washington's constitution
  • The current Washington Constitution was adopted in 1889.
  • Washington has had two state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 32 articles.
  • The current Washington Constitution has been amended 109 times.[60][61]
  • Voters last approved new amendments to the Washington Constitution on November 3, 2020, when voters approved Senate Joint Resolution 8212.

The Washington Constitution can be amended with a legislative or covention-referred constitutional amendment, both of which require voter approval.


West Virginia

See also: West Virginia Constitution and Amending West Virginia's constitution
  • The current West Virginia Constitution was adopted in 1872.
  • West Virginia has had two state constitutions.
  • The current state constitution has 14 articles.
  • The current West Virginia Constitution has been amended at least 21 times.
  • Voters last approved two new amendments to the West Virginia Constitution on November 5, 2024.


Wisconsin

See also: Wisconsin Constitution and Amending Wisconsin's constitution

The Wisconsin Constitution can be amended with a legislative or covention-referred constitutional amendment, both requiring voter approval.


Wyoming

See also: Wyoming Constitution and Amending Wyoming's constitution
  • The current Wyoming Constitution was adopted on September 30, 1889, and ratified by voters on November 5, 1889.[63]
  • Wyoming has had one state constitution.
  • The current state constitution has 21 articles.
  • The current Wyoming Constitution has been amended 71 times.[64]
  • Voters last approved a new amendment to the Wyoming Constitution on November 5, 2024.

The Wyoming Constitution can be amended with a legislative or covention-referred constitutional amendment, all of which require voter approval.


See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ According to Professor Gerald A. McBeath, Ph.D., the Constitution of 1956 had been amended 24 times through 1996. Since 1996, voters have approved four additional constitutional amendments.
  2. ↑ According to Leshy (2013), the Constitution of 1912 had been amended 151 times through 2013. Since 2013, voters have approved 10 additional constitutional amendments.
  3. ↑ Izard County, Arkansas, "Constitution of the State of Arkansas of 1874," accessed December 17, 2023
  4. ↑ Voters approved 94 constitutional amendments through 2014 and an additional ten amendments through 2024.
  5. ↑ Carillo, D., et al. (2019). CALIFORNIA CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: DIRECT DEMOCRACY. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California
  6. ↑ According to Steinglass and Scarselli (2022), the Constitution of 1876 had been amended 166 times through 2018. Since 2018, voters have approved 10 additional constitutional amendments.
  7. ↑ According to Horton (2011), the Constitution of 1965 had been amended 28 times through 1992. Since 1992, voters have approved six additional constitutional amendments.
  8. ↑ Dr. Samuel B. Hoff, Inner City Conservative Journal, "Delaware’s Constitution and Its Impact On Education," August 14, 2007
  9. ↑ Delaware General Assembly, "Senate Bill 41," accessed September 26, 2023
  10. ↑ Delaware General Assembly, "Senate Bill 39," accessed September 26, 2023
  11. ↑ Delaware General Assembly, "House Bill 77," accessed September 26, 2023
  12. ↑ The Florida Constitutional Amendments Project, "Florida's Constitution," accessed April 3, 2015
  13. ↑ This number is based on the number of approved constitutional amendments to the Florida 1968 Constitution. A list of these amendments can be found here.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Georgia Secretary of State, "Georgia Constitution," accessed December 21, 2023
  15. ↑ Through 2018, 85 amendments were ratified. An additional six amendments were approved through 2024.
  16. ↑ Legislative Reference Bureau, "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii," accessed October 20, 2020
  17. ↑ The list of Hawaii constitutional amendments can be found here.
  18. ↑ According to Crowley and Heffron (2022), the Constitution of 1890 had been amended 109 times through 1993. Since 1993, voters have approved 34 additional constitutional amendments.
  19. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Constitution of the State of Illinois," accessed April 27, 2015
  20. ↑ According to McLaughlan (2011), the Constitution of 1851 had been amended 45 times through 2018.
  21. ↑ Iowa Library Services, "Constitutions," accessed April 27, 2015
  22. ↑ Iowa Publications, "AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF IOWA," accessed November 30, 2023
  23. ↑ According to Heller (2011), the Constitution of 1861 had been amended 86 times through 1989. Since 1990, voters have approved nine additional constitutional amendments.
  24. ↑ According to Robert Ireland (2012), the Constitution of 1891 had been amended 38 times through 2011. From 2012 to 2024, voters approved three additional constitutional amendments.
  25. ↑ Louisiana Senate, "Louisiana Constitution," accessed April 28, 2015
  26. ↑ Louisiana Senate, "Amendments by Year," accessed August 20, 2019
  27. ↑ Louisiana Public Affairs Research Council, "Voting on Louisiana Proposed Constitutional Amendments 1978-2022," accessed November 22, 2023
  28. ↑ From 1978 to 2022, 209 amendments were approved by voters. Since 2023, an additional eight amendments were adopted.
  29. ↑ According to Steinglass and Scarselli (2022), the Constitution of 1851 had been amended 170 times through 2018. Since 2018, voters have approved three additional constitutional amendments.
  30. ↑ According to Friedman (2022), the Constitution of 1867 had been amended 239 times. From 2023 to 2024, an additional one constitutional amendment had been approved
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Massachusetts Legislature, "Massachusetts Constitution," accessed April 28, 2015
  32. ↑ Minnesota Legislature, "Minnesota Constitution," accessed April 28, 2015
  33. ↑ Minnesota Law Review', "State Constitutional Amendments Considered," April 18, 2023, accessed December 12, 2023
  34. ↑ Mississippi Secretary of State, "The Constitution of the State of Mississippi," accessed April 29, 2015
  35. ↑ According to Steinglass and Scarselli (2022), the Constitution of 1890 had been amended 119 times from 1890-2009. From 2010 through 2023, voters have approved four additional constitutional amendments.
  36. ↑ This does not include Ballot Measure 1 of 2020, which was approved but later invalidated by the state supreme court.
  37. ↑ Mississippi Supreme Court, "In Re Initiative Measure No. 65: Mayor Mary Hawkins Butler V Michael Watson, in His Official Capacity as Secretary of State for the State of Mississippi," May 14, 2021
  38. ↑ Missouri Legislative Academy, "Constitutional Amendments, Statutory Revision and Referenda Submitted to the Voters by the General Assembly or by Initiative Petition, 1910–2010," accessed July 4, 2017
  39. ↑ This number was calculated by taking the total amendments approved from 1910 through 2010, subtracting amendments adopted prior to 1945 (the year the current constitution was adopted), and adding amendments adopted after 2010.
  40. ↑ Steinglass, S., et al. (2022). The Montana State Constitution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
  41. ↑ University of Nebraska Press, "The Nebraska State Constitution: A Reference Guide, Second Edition," accessed April 29, 2015
  42. ↑ According to Miewald and Longo (2011), the Constitution of 1875 had been amended 194 times through May 1992. Since May 1992, voters have approved 46 additional amendments.
  43. ↑ According to Bowers, the Constitution of 1864 had been amended at least 110 times.
  44. ↑ According to Susan Marshall (2011), the Constitution of 1784 had been amended 144 times through 1990. Since 1990, voters have approved five additional constitutional amendments.
  45. ↑ City Connections, "New Jersey Constitution," accessed April 29, 2015 This number is based on the number in the reference, which is up-to-date as of November 2003, plus all succeeding amendments.
  46. ↑ According to Charles Smith (2011), the Constitution of 1912 had been amended 126 times between 1912 and 1995. Since 1995, voters have approved 56 additional constitutional amendments.
  47. ↑ Georgetown Law, "New York Constitution," accessed November 1, 2023
  48. ↑ League of Women Voters of New York, "FACTS REGARDING NEW YORK ‘S CONSTITUTION AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS," accessed November 6, 2023
  49. ↑ According to Steinglass and Scarselli (2022), the Constitution of 1971 had been amended 22 times between 1971 and 1995. From 1996 through 2024, voters have approved 15 additional constitutional amendments.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 NDConst.org, "Amendments," accessed December 27, 2023
  51. ↑ According to Steinglass and Scarselli (2022), the Constitution of 1851 had been amended 170 times through 2018. Since 2018, voters have approved three additional constitutional amendments.
  52. ↑ According to Steinglass and Scarselli (2022), the Constitution of 1907 had been amended 140 times through 1990. From 1991 to 2024, voters approved 65 additional constitutional amendments.
  53. ↑ Oregon Legislature, "Oregon Constitution," accessed April 24, 2015
  54. ↑ According to the Oregon State Bar, the state constitution had been amended 240 times through 2009. Since 2010, voters approved an additional 20 amendments.
  55. ↑ From 1969 to 2023, voters had approved 46 amendments. However, the state Supreme Court ruled that two were unconstitutional and were not added to the Pennsylvania Constitution.
  56. ↑ Since 1987, 14 amendments were added to the Rhode Island Constitution.
  57. ↑ Cole Blease Graham Jr., "The Evolving South Carolina Constitution," accessed November 23, 2023
  58. ↑ According to May (2011), the Constitution of 1876 had been amended 364 times through 1995. Since 1995, voters have approved 164 additional constitutional amendments.
  59. ↑ According to Steinglass and Scarselli (2022), the Constitution of 1896 had been amended 91 times through 1996. From 1998 through 2024, Utah voters approved an additional 43 amendments.
  60. ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "Constitutional Amendment Ballot Measures," accessed November 25, 2023
  61. ↑ University of Washington School of Law, "Washington State Constitutional Amendments," accessed November 25, 2023
  62. ↑ According to Sark (2011), the Constitution of 1848 had been amended 136 times through 1996. Since 1996, voters have approved 16 additional constitutional amendments.
  63. ↑ Wyoming Secretary of State, "Constitution of the State of Wyoming," accessed May 26, 2015
  64. ↑ Wyoming Secretary of State, "Constitution of the State of Wyoming," accessed December 17, 2023
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Ballot Measures overview
By topic
A • Abortion • Admin of gov't • Affirmative action • Alcohol • Animal rights • Assisted death • B • Bonds • Budgets • Business regulation • C • Campaigns • Civil rights • Constitutional conventions • Constitutional language • County government • D • Daylight Saving Time • Death penalty • Direct democracy • E • Earthquakes • Education • Elections • Eminent domain • English • Environment • Executives • F • Federal constitutional issues • Firearms • G • Gambling • Government accountability • H • Healthcare • Housing • Hunting • I • Immigration • Insurance • J • State judiciary • L • LGBT • Labor • Law enforcement • Legislatures • M • Marijuana • Marriage • Minimum wage • Mottos • Municipal government • N • Natural resources • P • Pensions • Property • Public finance • R • Recall • Redistricting • Race and ethnicity • Religion • Rules about Sunday • S • Salaries of elected officials • Smoking bans • State budgets • State executives • State judiciary • State legislatures • Stem cells • Supermajority requirements • Sundays • T • Taxes • Tobacco • Transportation • U • Unions • Utilities • V • Veterans • W • Wages • War and peace • Water • Welfare
By type
By year
2026 • 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 • 2013 • 2012 • 2011 • 2010 • 2009 • 2008 • 2007 • 2006 • 2005 • 2004 • 2003 • 2002 • 2001 • 2000 • 1999 • 1998 • 1997 • 1996 • 1995 • 1994 • 1993 • 1992 • 1991 • 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1987 • 1986 • 1985 • 1984 • 1983 • 1982 • 1981 • 1980 • 1979 • 1978 • 1977 • 1976 • 1975 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 • 1971 • 1970 • 1969 • 1968 • 1967 • 1966 • 1965 • 1964 • 1963 • 1962 • 1961 • 1960 • 1959 • 1958 • 1957 • 1956 • 1955 • 1954 • 1953 • 1952 • 1951 • 1950 • 1949 • 1948 • 1947 • 1946 • 1945 • 1944 • 1943 • 1942 • 1941 • 1940 • 1939 • 1938 • 1937 • 1936 • 1935 • 1934 • 1933 • 1932 • 1931 • 1930 • 1929 • 1928 • 1927 • 1926 • 1925 • 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 • 1920 • 1919 • 1918 • 1917 • 1916 • 1915 • 1914 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911 • 1910 • 1909 • 1908 • 1907 • 1906 • 1905 • 1904 • 1903 • 1902 • 1901 • 1900
Other
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State constitutions of the United States
Federal
State Constitutions Ballotpedia.png
State constitutions
U.S. Territories
Changing constitutions
Histories
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History of I&R
U.S. history

History of initiative and referendum in the U.S.

State histories

Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Florida • Idaho • Illinois • Kentucky • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Mexico • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • South Dakota • Utah • Washington • Wyoming

Individuals

Roland Patten • Smith • Sullivan • U'Ren

Groups

Initiative and Referendum League of Maine • Popular Government League

Books

Direct Legislation by the Citizenship Through the Initiative and Referendum • Citizen Lawmakers: The Ballot Initiative Revolution • Direct Legislation: Voting on Ballot Propositions in the United States

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