Encouragement of Literature, Trade, Etc., New Hampshire Constitution

New Hampshire Constitution
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The Encouragement of Literature, Trade, Etc. part of the New Hampshire Constitution consists of a single article.

Article 83

Text of Article 83: Encouragement of Literature, Etc.; Control of Corporations, Monopolies, Etc. Knowledge and learning, generally diffused through a community, being essential to the preservation of a free government; and spreading the opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts of the country, being highly conducive to promote this end; it shall be the duty of the legislators and magistrates, in all future periods of this government, to cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools, to encourage private and public institutions, rewards, and immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts, sciences, commerce, trades, manufactures, and natural history of the country; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and general benevolence, public and private charity, industry and economy, honesty and punctuality, sincerity, sobriety, and all social affections, and generous sentiments, among the people: Provided, nevertheless, that no money raised by taxation shall ever be granted or applied for the use of the schools of institutions of any religious sect or denomination. Free and fair competition in the trades and industries is an inherent and essential right of t he people and should be protected against all monopolies and conspiracies which tend to hinder or destroy it. The size and functions of all corporations should be so limited and regulated as to prohibit fictitious capitalization and provision should be made for the supervision and government thereof. Therefore, all just power possessed by the state is hereby granted to the general court to enact laws to prevent the operations within the state of all persons and associations, and all trusts and corporations, foreign or domestic, and the officers thereof, who endeavor to raise the price of any article of commerce or to destroy free and fair competition in the trades and industries through combination, conspiracy, monopoly, or any other unfair means; to control and regulate the acts of all such persons, associations, corporations, trusts, and officials doing business within the state; to prevent fictitious capitalization; and to authorize civil and criminal proceedings in respect to all the wrongs herein declared against.

Amendments

• Amended in 1877 prohibiting tax money from being applied to schools of religious denominations.
• Amended in 1903 permitting the general court to regulate trusts and monopolies restraining free trade.

See also

• State constitution
• Constitutional article
• Constitutional amendment
• Constitutional revision
• Constitutional convention
• Amendments
  • Initiated constitutional amendment
  • Legislatively-referred constitutional amendment
  • Publication requirements for proposed state constitutional amendments
  • Rules about constitutional conventions in state constitutions
  • State constitutional articles governing state legislatures

External links

Suggest a link

• NH.gov, "New Hampshire State Constitution"
• The Green Papers, "New Hampshire: State and Local Government"
• Rollins.edu, "New Hampshire Constitution (New)"

Additional reading

• Marshall, Susan. (2011).The New Hampshire State Constitution, New York, New York: Oxford University Press
• Marshall, Susan. (2004). The New Hampshire State Constitution: A Reference Guide, New York, New York: Praeger
• Updyke, Frank A. "New Hampshire Constitutional Convention (in News and Notes)" in The American Political Science Review Vol. 7, No. 1. (February 1913), pp. 133-137.
• White, Leonard D. "The New Hampshire Constitutional Convention" in the Michigan Law Review Vol. 19, No. 4. (Feb., 1921), pp. 383-394.