Election results, 2025: State legislatures

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Two of the country's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represented 180 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%).

General elections for the New Jersey House and Virginia House took place on November 4, 2025. Democrats retained control of both chambers. In 2023, one chamber changed partisan control, with Democrats winning the Virginia House. The Virginia House was also the only chamber that changed partisan control in 2021, when Republicans won control of the chamber from Democrats.

In the 2025 elections, Democrats won 64 seats in the Virginia House to Republicans' 36, a net gain of 13 seats for Democrats. All 100 seats were up for election. As of 10:30 a.m. EST on Nov. 17, 2025, Democrats had won at least 56 seats in the New Jersey General Assembly, a net gain of four seats, and Republicans had won 22. Two seats remained uncalled.

Abigail Spanberger (D) won the Virginia gubernatorial race, and Democrats controlled the Virginia Senate, which was not up for election. That meant Virginia became a Democratic trifecta as a result of the elections. State government trifecta is a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature.

Twelve Republican incumbents lost in Virginia, tying 2017 for the most incumbents defeated since 2011. Two incumbents lost in the 2023 elections, one Republican and one minor party or independent officeholder. Seven lost in 2021—all Democrats. At least one House incumbent lost in every general election since 2011, except in 2015.

Democrats retaining chamber control also meant legislatively referred constitutional amendments passed by the General Assembly in 2025 are likely to appear on the ballot in 2026. Constitutional amendments in Virginia must pass the General Assembly in two successive legislative sessions. The General Assembly's 2025 proposals to amend the state constitution to include a right to reproductive freedom, remove the constitutional ban on same-sex marriage, and provide that felons be entitled to vote following their release from incarceration must be approved by the body again in 2026 to appear before voters.

The week before the 2025 elections, Virginia Democrats also approved a constitutional amendment that would allow the General Assembly to redraw the state's congressional maps before the next census. The state's redistricting commission would draw a new map in 2030 whether or not mid-decade redistricting occurred.^[1] The General Assembly could hold a second vote on the amendment after new officeholders swear in in January 2026.^[2]

Democrats also retained control of the New Jersey General Assembly. With two races uncalled, four seats had changed party hands, with four Republican incumbents losing re-election. All 80 seats of the New Jersey General Assembly were up for election. Heading into the election, Democrats had a 52-28 majority.

Mikie Sherrill (D) won the New Jersey gubernatorial election, and Democrats also had a majority in the New Jersey Senate, meaning Democrats retained a trifecta in the state after the elections.

At least one incumbent lost in every general election for the General Assembly since 2017. In the two most recent election cycles, six lost in 2023 and seven lost in 2021. Heading into the election, Democrats had controlled both chambers of the Legislature since 2004.

Nationwide after the 2025 elections, Democrats still controlled 40 state legislative chambers, Republicans controlled 56, bipartisan coalitions controlled the two Alaska chambers, and the Minnesota House was split.

On this page you will find:

State legislatures on the ballot
Partisan balance of all state legislatures
Changes in trifecta status

Offices on the ballot in 2025

In 2025, there were two state legislative chambers — both with Democratic majorities — on the ballot. The table below highlights the partisan balance of those two chambers before and after the election.

State legislative chambers up in 2025
Party		As of the 2025 elections	After the 2025 elections
	Democratic Party	2	2
	Republican Party	0	0
	Coalition	0	0
	Uncalled races	—	—
Total		2	2

The map below highlights states that held state legislative elections in 2025 by partisan control.

Partisan balance of all state legislatures

Heading into the 2025 elections, Republicans held a majority in 56 chambers and Democrats held the majority in 40 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House) was split evenly between both parties.

The map below shows the partisan control for each chamber once results are available.

Changes in trifecta status

The map below highlights each state by trifecta status before and after the 2025 elections. Click the blue links above the color key to switch the view between pre-election and post-election partisan control.

Partisan control history

Control of chambers

The chart below shows party control of state legislative chambers from 2010 to 2025.

Analysis of state elections, 2025

See also: Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2025

State legislative elections

See also: State legislative elections, 2025

As of November 24th, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.31% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.53%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.

Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber			Other	Vacant
State senates	829	1,118	6	20
State houses	2,386	2,967	20	40
Total:	3,215	4,085	26	60

More related analysis

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State executive elections

See also: State executive official elections, 2025

More related analysis

Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2025 state executive elections.

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State judicial elections

See also: State judicial elections, 2025

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Log of state legislative election results

All times are in Eastern Standard Time

Nov. 4, 2025

11:19 PM
As of 11:19 PM, the New York Times had called the New Jersey General Assembly for Democrats.^[3]
10:30 PM
As of 10:30 PM, State Navigate had called all 100 Virginia House races—64 for Democrats and 36 for Republicans. Democrats flipped 13 seats held by Republicans ahead of the elections.^[4]
10:22 PM
As of 10:22 PM, State Navigate had called 63 Virginia House races for Democrats and 36 for Republicans. Democrats had flipped 12 seats held by Republicans ahead of the elections.^[4]
9:46 PM
As of 9:46 PM, State Navigate had called 61 Virginia House races for Democrats and 33 for Republicans. Democrats had flipped 10 seats held by Republicans ahead of the elections.^[4]
9:21 PM
As of 9:21 PM, State Navigate had called 59 Virginia House races for Democrats and 32 for Republicans. Democrats had flipped eight seats held by Republicans ahead of the elections.^[4]
9:08 PM
As of 9:08 PM, State Navigate had called 58 Virginia House races for Democrats and 32 for Republicans. Democrats had flipped seven seats held by Republicans ahead of the elections.^[4]
8:10 PM
As of 8:10 PM, State Navigate had called the Virginia House for Democrats, calling 52 Virginia House races for Democrats and 32 for Republicans.^[4]
8:00 PM
Polls closed in New Jersey.
7:55 PM
As of 7:55 PM, State Navigate had called 49 Virginia House races for Democrats and 32 for Republicans.^[4]
7:00 PM
Polls closed in Virginia.