Illinois State Senate

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Illinois State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Democrat
Session start:[1]   January 8, 2020
Session end:[1]   May 23, 2020
Term length:   2-4-4 year system[2]
Term limits:   None
Redistricting:  Legislative control
Salary:   $65,836/year + per diem
Members
Total:  59
Democrats:  40
Republicans:  19
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Don Harmon (D)
Maj. Leader:   Kimberly Lightford (D)
Min. Leader:   Bill Brady (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 6, 2018
Next election:  November 3, 2020

The Illinois State Senate is the upper chamber of the Illinois General Assembly. Alongside the Illinois House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Illinois state government and works alongside the governor of Illinois to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Illinois State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Illinois State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Springfield, Illinois.

  • A total of 20 of 59 Illinois Senate seats were up for election in 2020. Click to read more »
  • In 2018, the Democratic supermajority in the state senate increased from 37-22 to 40-19.
  • Illinois has a Democratic state government trifecta. A trifecta exists when one political party simultaneously holds the governor’s office and majorities in both state legislative chambers. As of November 15, 2020, there are 21 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 14 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control. In the 2020 election, Republicans had a net gain of two trifectas and two states under divided government became trifectas. Prior to that election, Illinois had a Democratic trifecta.

    • This page contains the following information on the Illinois State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Illinois State Senate as of November 2020: The following figures are from before the November 2020 election. Click here to see our election results coverage.

    Party As of November 2020
         Democratic Party 40
         Republican Party 19
         Vacancies 0
    Total 59

    Members

    Current leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Illinois State Senate District 20 Iris Martinez Democratic 2003
    Illinois State Senate District 22 Cristina Castro Democratic 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 30 Adriane Johnson Democratic October 11, 2020
    Illinois State Senate District 23 Tom Cullerton Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 25 Jim Oberweis Republican 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 31 Melinda Bush Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 39 Don Harmon Democratic 2003
    Illinois State Senate District 32 Craig Wilcox Republican October 1, 2018
    Illinois State Senate District 35 Dave Syverson Republican 1993
    Illinois State Senate District 43 Pat McGuire Democratic 2012
    Illinois State Senate District 44 Bill Brady Republican 2002
    Illinois State Senate District 46 David Koehler Democratic 2006
    Illinois State Senate District 48 Andy Manar Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 8 Ram Villivalam Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 59 Dale Fowler Republican 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 34 Steve Stadelman Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 50 Steve McClure Republican January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 7 Heather Steans Democratic 2008
    Illinois State Senate District 26 Dan McConchie Republican 2016
    Illinois State Senate District 41 John Curran Republican 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 55 Dale Righter Republican 2003
    Illinois State Senate District 15 Napoleon Harris Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 29 Julie Morrison Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 38 Sue Rezin Republican 2010
    Illinois State Senate District 45 Brian Stewart Republican January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 56 Rachelle Aud Crowe Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 52 Scott M. Bennett Democratic January 12, 2015
    Illinois State Senate District 5 Patricia Van Pelt Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 17 Elgie R. Sims, Jr. Democratic 2018
    Illinois State Senate District 33 Don DeWitte Republican September 3, 2018
    Illinois State Senate District 27 Ann Gillespie Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 42 Linda Holmes Democratic 2007
    Illinois State Senate District 51 Chapin Rose Republican 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 9 Laura Fine Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 4 Kimberly Lightford Democratic 1998
    Illinois State Senate District 19 Michael Hastings Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 37 Chuck Weaver Republican October 8, 2015
    Illinois State Senate District 21 Laura Ellman Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 40 Patrick Joyce Democratic November 8, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 28 Laura Murphy Democratic October 5, 2015
    Illinois State Senate District 57 Christopher Belt Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 16 Jacqueline Collins Democratic 2003
    Illinois State Senate District 47 Jil Tracy Republican 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 49 Jennifer Bertino-Tarrant Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 24 Suzanne Glowiak Democratic January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 53 Jason Barickman Republican 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 2 Omar Aquino Democratic 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 11 Celina Villanueva Democratic January 7, 2020
    Illinois State Senate District 10 Robert Martwick Democratic June 28, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 14 Emil Jones Democratic 2009
    Illinois State Senate District 13 Robert Peters Democratic 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 1 Antonio Munoz Democratic 1999
    Illinois State Senate District 12 Steven Landek Democratic 2011
    Illinois State Senate District 54 Jason Plummer Republican January 9, 2019
    Illinois State Senate District 3 Mattie Hunter Democratic 2003
    Illinois State Senate District 18 Bill Cunningham Democratic 2013
    Illinois State Senate District 58 Paul Schimpf Republican 2017
    Illinois State Senate District 36 Neil Anderson Republican 2015
    Illinois State Senate District 6 Sara Feigenholtz Democratic January 21, 2020


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislators
    SalaryPer diem
    $65,836/year$111/session day.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Illinois legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January.

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article IV of the Illinois Constitution states: To be eligible to serve as a member of the General Assembly, a person must be a United States citizen, at least 21 years old, and for the two years preceding his election or appointment a resident of the district which he is to represent.

    Historical party control

    From 1992 to 2018, the Illinois State Senate went from being a Republican-controlled chamber to a chamber controlled by Democrats. The table below shows the partisan history of the Illinois State Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2018. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Illinois State Senate Party Control: 1992-2018

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18
    Democrats 27 26 28 27 27 32 31 37 37 35 40 39 37 40
    Republicans 32 33 31 32 32 27 27 22 22 23 19 20 22 19

    From 1900 to 2018, the Illinois State Senate only changed partisan control five times after a general election. Republicans dominated the chamber from 1900 to 1932, when Democrats took over in the midst of the Great Depression. After that, the chamber flipped control in 1940, 1974, and then 1992, when Republicans took a 32-27 majority.

    The majority Republicans won in 1992 stayed consistently between 31 and 33 members for 10 years. In the 2002 elections, Republicans lost control when Democrats won 32 seats in the chamber. Democrats held their majority in the 2004 elections and then saw large gains during the 2006 and 2008 Democratic waves, where they won 37 seats. In Illinois, a party with 36 seats has a three-fifths supermajority that can override gubernatorial vetoes.

    Democrats fell below 36 seats in 2010 when Republican gains brought them down to 35 seats. However, they saw a resurgence in the 2012 elections, winning 40 seats. They lost seats in the 2014 and 2016 elections, bringing them down to 37, which was still a three-fifths supermajority, but they restored their 40-19 seat control in 2018. The chamber's Republican gains in 2010, 2014, and 2016 were in line with a national trend toward Republican state legislatures during the presidency of Barack Obama (D). From 2009 to 2017, Democrats experienced significant losses in state legislative elections, totaling 968 seats altogether.

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. llinois came under divided government following the 2014 elections when Bruce Rauner (R) won the governor's office and Democrats retained control of the state legislature. The table below shows state government trifectas in Illinois from 1992 to 2019.

    Illinois Party Control: 1992-2020
    Fourteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  Two years of Republican trifectas

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
    Governor R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R D D
    Senate D R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    House D D D R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Under the Illinois Constitution of 1970, senators are divided into three groups, each group having a two-year term at a different part of the decade between censuses, with the rest of the decade being taken up by two four-year terms. Depending on the election year, roughly ⅓, ⅔, or all of the senate seats may have terms ending.[3] Illinois holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2020

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Illinois State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 17, 2020. The filing deadline was December 2, 2019.

    2018

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Illinois State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on March 20, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was December 4, 2017.[4]

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Illinois State Senate from 37-22 to 40-19.

    Illinois State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 37 40
         Republican Party 22 19
    Total 59 59

    2016

    See also: Illinois State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Illinois State Senate were held in 2016. The primary election was held on March 15, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was November 30, 2015.[5] A total of 40 seats out of the 59 seats in the Illinois State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 39-20 majority. Democrats lost two seats in the election, giving them a 37-22 majority.

    Illinois State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 39 37
         Republican Party 20 22
    Total 59 59

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Illinois General Assembly, the state constitution mandates that the seat must be filled by appointment when allowed by law. The appointment must be made within 30 days after the vacancy. If a vacancy occurs in the Senate with more than twenty-eight months remaining in the term, the appointment is interim until the next general election, when a special election must be held. All other House and Senate vacancies are to be filled by an appointment from the same political party that last held the seat.[12] If the vacated seat was held by an independent (no party affiliation), the governor is to appoint an independent successor within 30 days.[13]

    The vacancy must be filled by the respective party organizations covering the legislative district.[14] The respective committeemen and committeewomen representing the legislative district must vote on a replacement.[15] The person selected for the seat serves for the remainder of the unfilled term.[16]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Illinois Const. Art. 4, Sec. 2(d) and Illinois Rev. Stat. ch. 10, § 5/25-6

    District map

    See also: Illinois state legislative districts

    The state of Illinois has 59 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.

    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Illinois

    In 37 states, legislatures are primarily responsible for drawing congressional district lines. Seven states have only one congressional district each, rendering congressional redistricting unnecessary. Four states employ independent commissions to draw the district maps. In two states, politician commissions draw congressional district lines.

    State legislative district lines are primarily the province of the state legislatures themselves in 37 states. In seven states, politician commissions draw state legislative district lines. In the remaining six states, independent commissions draw the lines.[17]

    The Illinois General Assembly is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a redistricting plan. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[18]

    In the event that both chambers of the state legislature do not approve a legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines. The majority and minority leaders of each chamber must appoint two members each to the commission (one legislator and one general citizen). Of the eight commission members, no more than four may belong to the same political party. In the event that these eight members cannot approve a plan, the Illinois Supreme Court must select two individuals (from different political parties) as potential tiebreakers. The secretary of state must then appoint one of these individuals to the backup commission to break the tie.[18]

    The Illinois Constitution requires that state legislative districts be "contiguous and reasonably compact." There are no such requirements in place for the state's congressional districts.[18]

    State law also mandates the establishment of state legislative districts "that allow racial or language minority communities to elect--or influence the election of--the candidates of their choice, even if no comparable district would be required by the federal Voting Rights Act."[18]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 census

    Upon completion of the 2020 census, Illinois will draft and enact new district maps. As of September 21, 2018, redistricting authorities had not yet released a projected timeline for the 2020 redistricting cycle.

    2010

    Following the completion of the 2010 United States Census, Illinois lost one congressional seat. At the time of redistricting, Democrats held majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. On May 30, 2011, the Illinois House of Representatives approved a congressional redistricting plan. The Illinois State Senate approved the plan on May 31, 2011, and Governor Pat Quinn (D) signed it into law on June 24, 2011. Legal suits were filed challenging the new congressional district map, but these were all ultimately dismissed.[18][19][20]

    The state legislative redistricting plan was passed by the legislature on May 27, 2011. Quinn signed the map into law on June 3, 2011. As with the congressional map, lawsuits were filed challenging the new state legislative districts. These suits were ultimately dismissed.[18]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Illinois State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. Information on legislation provided below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. The tracker is fully interactive. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read its text in full and see its voting history. You can click the headings to sort the content in the column. You can also rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Finally, in the bottom-left corner of the tracker is a magnifying glass, which, when clicked, will allow you to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Illinois by year

    2020

    See also: 2020 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2020 state legislative sessions

    In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2020 and adjourn on May 23, 2020.

    Impact of coronavirus pandemic

    See also: Changes to state legislative session dates in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020
    Covid vnt.png
    Coronavirus pandemic
    Select a topic from the dropdown below to learn more.


    Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The Illinois General Assembly suspended its session, effective March 16, 2020. The suspension was originally set to expire the week of March 23, 2020. It was subsequently extended. The legislature reconvened on May 20, 2020, before adjourning on May 23, 2020.[21][22][23][24][25][26]

    2019

    See also: 2019 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2019 state legislative sessions

    In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2019, through November 14, 2019.

    2018

    See also: 2018 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2018 state legislative sessions

    In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 8, 2018, through May 31, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here.

    2017

    See also: Dates of 2017 state legislative sessions and Potential government shutdowns

    In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 11, 2017, through May 31, 2017. The legislature held its first special session from June 21, 2017, to July 6, 2017. The legislature held its second special session from July 26, 2017, to July 31, 2017. The state Senate met on August 13, 2017, to override Gov. Bruce Rauner's (R) veto of a school funding formula. The state House met on August 16, but did not override the veto. The Illinois state Legislature met again from August 28 to August 29 in special session over school funding. The legislature held a veto session from October 24 to November 9.


    About legislative sessions in Illinois

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[61] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article IV of the Illinois Constitution establishes when the Illinois General Assembly, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 5 of Article IV states that the General Assembly will convene its regular session on the second Wednesday of January.

    Section 5 also creates rules for the convening of special sessions. The section allows the Governor of Illinois to convene the General Assembly or the Senate alone. When the Governor calls a special session, the General Assembly can generally only deal with matters related to the purpose of the session, as stated by the Governor's proclamation of the session, but they can also deal with impeachments or confirmation of appointments. Section 5 also allows the presiding officers of both houses of the General Assembly to convene a special session through joint proclamation.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Democratic Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Illinois are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Three-fifths of members in both chambers.

    Three fifths of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 71 of the 118 members in the Illinois House of Representatives and 36 of the 59 members in the Illinois State Senate. Illinois is one of seven states that requires a three-fifths vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Are there other special rules?

    If the governor uses the line item veto to reduce an appropriation, that reduction can be overturned by a majority vote in both chambers.

    Authority: Article IV, Section 9 of the Illinois Constitution.

    "The house to which a bill is returned shall immediately enter the Governor's objections upon its journal. If within 15 calendar days after such entry that house by a record vote of three-fifths of the members elected passes the bill, it shall be delivered immediately to the second house. If within 15 calendar days after such delivery the second house by a record vote of three-fifths of the members elected passes the bill, it shall become law."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Illinois state budget and finances
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    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    Illinois operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is:[62][63]

    1. In September of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year, the governor sends budget instructions to state agencies.
    2. In October and November, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
    3. Agency hearings are held in November and December.
    4. Budget hearings with the public are held from February through May.
    5. On the third Wednesday in February, the governor submits his or her proposed budget to the Illinois General Assembly.
    6. The General Assembly passes a budget in May.

    Illinois is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[63]

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget, and the budget must be balanced in order for the governor to sign it into law.[63]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Illinois state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Illinois State Senate has 28 standing committees:

    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Illinois Constitution can be amended:

    Illinois Constitution
    Flag of Illinois.png
    Preamble
    Articles
    I • II • III • IV • V • VI • VII • VIII • IX • X • XI • XII • XIII • XIV • Schedule
    See also: Article XIV of the Illinois Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Illinois

    Article XIV of the Illinois Constitution lays out four different routes that can be taken in order to change the constitution over time:

    • The legislature can only propose to amend up to three articles of the constitution in any one election.
    • The legislature is not allowed to propose any amendments when a constitutional convention has been called up through the time that an election is held on any proposed amendments or revisions that arise from that convention.

    Any statewide ballot question concerning a constitutional convention, ratifying an amendment proposed by the Illinois General Assembly or adopting an initiated constitutional amendment must be approved by a supermajority vote of 60 percent of those voting on the question or a majority vote of those who cast a ballot for any office in the election.

    Historical context:


    Between 1996 and 2018, the following occurred in Illinois:

    • Ballots featured 10 ballot measures.
    • An average of one measure appeared on statewide general election ballots.
    • An average of between zero and one legislatively referred amendments appeared on statewide general election ballots.
    • Voters approved 80 percent (8 of 10) and rejected 20 percent (2 of 10) of the ballot measures.
    • Voters approved 83 percent (5 of 6) and rejected 17 percent (1 of 6) of referred amendments.
    • Three advisory questions appeared on the ballot.
    • Zero citizen-initiated measures appeared on the ballot.
    Ballot measures in Illinois, 1996-2018
    Type Total number Approved Percent approved Defeated Percent defeated Average Median Minimum Maximum
    All measures 10 8 80.0% 2 20.0% 0.8 0.5 0 5
    Initiatives 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.0 0.0 0 0
    Legislative amendments 6 5 83.3% 1 16.7% 0.5 0.0 0 2
    Advisory questions 3 3 100.0% 0 0.00% 0.3 0.0 0 3

    2020 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2020 ballot by the legislature.

    See also: Illinois 2020 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures were certified for the ballot.
    Illinois Allow for Graduated Income Tax AmendmentDemocratsRepublicans
    Senate:Required: 36Yes votes: 40 (67.80%)No votes: 19 (32.20%)Yes: 40; No: 0Yes: 0; No: 19
    House:Required: 71Yes votes: 73 (61.86%)No votes: 44 (37.29%)Yes: 73; No: 0Yes: 0; No: 44



    See also

    Elections Illinois State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Illinois State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 This date reflects the regularly-scheduled date and does not reflect any change made as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. For more information on changes to state legislative sessions as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, click here.
    2. ↑ Under the Illinois Constitution of 1970, senators are divided into three groups, each group having a two-year term at a different part of the decade between censuses, with the rest of the decade being taken up by two four-year terms. Depending on the election year, roughly ⅓, ⅔, or all of the senate seats may have terms ending.
    3. ↑ Illinois State Board of Elections, "Federal and State Officers," Marh 16, 2017
    4. ↑ Illinois State Board of Elections, "Election and campaign finance calendar 2018," accessed August 16, 2017
    5. ↑ Illinois State Board of Elections, "Election and Campaign Finance Calendar," accessed November 30, 2015
    6. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 26, 2015
    7. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2008 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2006 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2004 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2002 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Illinois 2000 Candidates," accessed July 18, 2013
    12. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Constitution," accessed May 22, 2014 (Section Article IV, Section 2(d))
    13. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Compiled Statutes," accessed May 22, 2014 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25-6)
    14. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Election Code," accessed May 22, 2014 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25 6 (a), (c))
    15. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Election Code," accessed May 22, 2014 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25 6 (d))
    16. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Illinois Election Code," accessed May 22, 2014 (Statute 10 ILCS 5/25 6 (f))
    17. ↑ All About Redistricting, "Who draws the lines?" accessed March 25, 2015
    18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 All About Redistricting, "Illinois," accessed April 16, 2015
    19. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Illinois Redistricting: Quinn Signs Plan To Add Democratic Seats," June 24, 2011
    20. ↑ The Huffington Post, "Illinois Redistricting: Democrat-Backed Maps Head To Quinn's Desk, Threaten Republican Gains," May 31, 2011
    21. ↑ 5 Chicago, "Illinois Lawmakers Cancel Legislative Session Over Coronavirus," March 12, 2020
    22. ↑ MyWabashValley.com, "Illinois Legislature cancels second week of scheduled session," March 18, 2020
    23. ↑ Metropolis Planet, "Senate, House cancel session once again," March 30, 2020
    24. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Home page," accessed May 18, 2020
    25. ↑ NBC 5 Chicago, "Illinois Lawmakers Return to Springfield for Legislative Session," May 20, 2020
    26. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Home page," accessed May 26, 2020
    27. ↑ Reuters, "S&P cuts Illinois' credit rating to one notch above junk," June 1, 2017
    28. ↑ NBC Chicago, "What Happens If Illinois Lawmakers Don't Pass a Budget?" June 28, 2017
    29. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "Illinois Senate Democrats Vote for $5.4 Billion Tax Increase," May 23, 2017
    30. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Illinois Senate votes to override Rauner veto of income tax hike, budget," July 4, 2017
    31. ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Wisconsin's state budget takes $51 million hit — thanks to Illinois," July 11, 2017
    32. ↑ Politico, "Illinois lawmakers face budget rage," July 5, 2017
    33. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Madigan sends Rauner message on tax hike vote as talks break down at Capitol," July 1, 2017
    34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 The Chicago Sun-Times, "Illinois has state budget, but no school funding plan," July 16, 2017
    35. ↑ NPR Illinois, "Education Desk: Evidence-Based School Funding Model Explained," September 26, 2016
    36. ↑ WTTW, "Education Funding in Illinois: How the Evidence-Based Model Works," September 21, 2016
    37. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Rauner-CPS feud could hold up school money for rest of state," July 13, 2017
    38. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "Rauner Aide: Democrats' School Funding Plan a CPS 'Bailout'," May 17, 2017
    39. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "The Latest: Gov. Rauner Calls School-Funding Special Session," July 24, 2017
    40. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Next move is Rauner's after Senate sends him school funding bill," July 31, 2017
    41. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Rauner vetoes education funding plan, Emanuel accuses him of 'fuzzy math'," August 1, 2017
    42. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Madigan: Attempt to override Rauner's education veto set for next week," August 16, 2017
    43. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Senate overrides Rauner school funding veto, but House hurdle remains," August 13, 2017
    44. ↑ The Chicago Sun-Times, "Speaker Madigan calls legislators to work — on Governor’s Day," August 9, 2017
    45. ↑ wglt.org, "Illinois House To Vote Next Week On School Funding Override," August 16, 2017
    46. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Madigan calls off Wednesday session in Springfield; no override vote of Rauner for now," August 23, 2017
    47. ↑ Politico, "SCHOOL funding WINNERS and LOSERS — RAUNER staffing TURMOIL — Saving ABE in CHICAGO," August 25, 2017
    48. ↑ capitolfax.com, "Education funding reform bill gets just 46 votes," August 28, 2017
    49. ↑ capitolfax.com, "On second try, education funding reform passes with 73 votes," August 28, 2017
    50. ↑ capitolfax.com, "React rolls in to passage of education funding reform," August 29, 2017
    51. ↑ NBC Chicago, "Rauner Signs Historic Education Funding Reform Bill," August 31, 2017
    52. ↑ NPR, "Why America's Schools Have A Money Problem," April 18, 2016
    53. ↑ Illinois General Assembly, "Main page," accessed November 10, 2015
    54. ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Rauner-Madigan showdown looms in 2015," December 4, 2014
    55. ↑ dailyjournal.net, "Illinois lawmakers focus on budget issues with election-year legislative session set to begin," January 19, 2014(Archived)
    56. ↑ Chicago Sun-Times, "Lame-duck session ends with no pension reform," January 8, 2013
    57. ↑ mymoinfo.com, "May 31, 2013 Illinois Legislators Pass Oil Fracking Bill," May 31, 2013(Archived)
    58. ↑ Foxnews.com, "Illinois passes bill to allow concealed firearms; last U.S. state to have such a ban," June 1, 2013
    59. ↑ npr.org, "Will Ill. Legalize Gay Marriage Before Legislature Adjourns?" May 30, 2013
    60. ↑ ABC.com, General Assembly to hold special session next week, June 15, 2011
    61. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    62. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Experiences with Annual and Biennial Budgeting," accessed April 2011
    63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Summer 2008," accessed February 21, 2014
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