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Election results, 2024: Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election
The voter turnout rate is a mathematical expression that indicates how many eligible voters participated in an election. A variety of factors can factor into calculations of voter turnout. For the purposes of this article, voter turnout rates are expressed as follows:
- Total ballots counted: This rate reflects the total number of ballots counted in a jurisdiction divided by the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction.
- Total ballots counted for highest office: This rate reflects the total number of ballots counted for the highest office in a jurisdiction divided by the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction. In presidential election years, the presidency is the highest office on the ballot in every state. In non-presidential election years, the highest office on the ballot varies from state to state.
On this page you will find:
2024 analysis
The overall turnout of eligible voters in the 2024 general election was 63.7%.[1] This was lower than the 2020 record of 66.6%[2] but higher than every other election year since at least 2004.
The five states with the highest voter turnout in 2024 were Minnesota (76.4%), Wisconsin (76.40%), Michigan (74.7%), New Hampshire (74.4%), and Colorado (73.1%). In the 2020 general election, the top five states with the highest turnout were Minnesota (79.8%), Colorado (77.6%), Oregon (76.2%), Washington (76.2%), and Maine (75.80%). The five states with the lowest turnout in 2024 were Hawaii (50.3%), Oklahoma (53.3%), Arkansas (53.5%), West Virginia (55.5%), and Texas (56.6%). In 2020, the states with the lowest voter turnout were Oklahoma (55.3%), Hawaii (55.7%), Arkansas (56.5%), West Virginia (57.2%), and Tennessee (59.7%).
The average turnout in states that former President Donald Trump (R) won in the 2024 presidential election was 63.4%. The average turnout in states Vice President Kamala Harris (D) was 66.4%. The average turnout in states that Trump won in the 2020 election was 65.0%. The average turnout in states that President Joe Biden (D) won in 2020 was 70.1%.
The average turnout in the seven presidential battleground states was 70% in 2024. This was below the 2020 average, which was 70.7%.
The table below shows the change in voter turnout in the presidential battleground states between 2020 and 2024.
Historical voter turnout rates
- See also: Voter turnout in United States elections
The table below presents national voter turnout rates for each federal election year from 2002 to 2024.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
| Year | Total ballots cast |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 63.9% |
| 2022 | 46.2% |
| 2020 | 66.6% |
| 2018 | 50.0% |
| 2016 | 60.1% |
| 2014 | 36.7% |
| 2012 | 58.6% |
| 2010 | 41.8% |
| 2008 | 62.2% |
| 2006 | 41.3% |
| 2004 | 60.7% |
| 2002 | 40.5% |
The tables below present more detailed information on voter turnout rates in the United States from 2002 to 2022.
Turnout in terms of total ballots counted
| State | 2024 | 2022 | 2020 | 2018 | 2016 | 2014 | 2012 | 2010 | 2008 | 2006 | 2004 | 2002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 58.8% | 37.3% | 61.8% | 47.0% | 59.1% | 33.2% | N/A | 43.3% | 61.0% | N/A | 57.4% | NA |
| Alaska | 63.7% | 50.2% | 68.4% | 54.8% | 61.5% | 54.8% | 58.9% | 52.9% | 68.3% | 51.2% | 69.6% | 54.5% |
| Arizona | 63.6% | 49.3% | 68.6% | 47.4% | 56.1% | 34.1% | 53.0% | 41.6% | 57.4% | 39.6% | 54.8% | 36.7% |
| Arkansas | 53.5% | 41.5% | 56.5% | 41.3% | 53.2% | 40.3% | 51.1% | 37.9% | 52.9% | 38.9% | 54.4% | 41.7% |
| California | 62.1% | 42.9% | 68.6% | 49.3% | 58.2% | 30.7% | 55.7% | 45.9% | 61.7% | 41.2% | 59.6% | 37.3% |
| Colorado | 73.1% | 58.3% | 77.6% | 61.4% | 71.9% | 54.7% | 70.6% | 51.7% | 71.6% | 48.1% | 67.3% | 46.6% |
| Connecticut | 67.1% | 48.6% | 70.7% | 54.8% | 64.9% | 42.5% | 61.4% | 45.9% | N/A | 47.7% | 66.2% | 45.1% |
| Delaware | 67.0% | 42.8% | 70.1% | 51.2% | 64.4% | 34.9% | N/A | 49.0% | 65.8% | 42.9% | 64.5% | NA |
| District of Columbia | 63.6% | 40.6% | 65.8% | 43.7% | 60.7% | 35.7% | 61.6% | 29.6% | 61.7% | 28.7% | 54.9% | NA |
| Florida | 66.7% | 48.1% | 72.3% | 54.3% | 65.6% | 43.3% | 63.3% | 42.2% | 66.6% | 40.1% | 64.7% | 45.9% |
| Georgia | 68.3% | 51.9% | 68.2% | 54.1% | 59.8% | 38.6% | 59.3% | 40.6% | 62.7% | 35.1% | 56.4% | NA |
| Hawaii | 50.3% | 40.5% | 55.7% | 39.5% | 43.2% | 36.5% | 44.5% | 40.3% | 49.0% | 38.4% | 48.5% | 44.2% |
| Idaho | 63.4% | 42.6% | 67.6% | 48.6% | 60.9% | 39.8% | 61.0% | 42.9% | 64.8% | 46.2% | 64.8% | 45.2% |
| Illinois | 62.6% | 45.8% | 66.1% | 51.5% | 63.1% | 40.8% | 59.3% | 43.1% | 64.3% | 41.4% | 62.4% | 42.8% |
| Indiana | 58.6% | 37.2% | 61.5% | 46.5% | 57.9% | 28.7% | 56.0% | 38.1% | 60.3% | 37.7% | 55.8% | NA |
| Iowa | 70.8% | 51.9% | 72.9% | 57.9% | 69.1% | 50.3% | 70.6% | 50.7% | 69.7% | 49.2% | 70.6% | 48.7% |
| Kansas | 63.2% | 47.6% | 65.7% | 51.1% | 59.7% | 43.3% | 58.2% | 42.6% | 63.5% | 44.3% | 62.9% | 44.9% |
| Kentucky | 62.1% | 44.8% | 64.8% | 48.7% | 59.6% | 44.9% | 56.2% | 44.3% | 59.0% | 44.2% | 59.4% | NA |
| Louisiana | 60.8% | 42.0% | 64.2% | 45.1% | 60.6% | 44.9% | 60.8% | 40.0% | 61.8% | 31.4% | 61.5% | 40.1% |
| Maine | 74.2% | 60.8% | 75.8% | 59.9% | 72.9% | 58.7% | 69.3% | 55.9% | 71.8% | N/A | 74.9% | NA |
| Maryland | 69.3% | 45.8% | 69.9% | 54.2% | 67.0% | 42.0% | 67.3% | 46.7% | 67.8% | 47.2% | 63.1% | 46.8% |
| Massachusetts | 68.0% | 48.8% | 71.0% | 54.6% | 68.3% | 44.7% | 66.2% | 49.4% | 67.3% | 49.3% | 64.6% | 49.8% |
| Michigan | 74.6% | 58.9% | 73.5% | 57.7% | 65.7% | 43.2% | 65.4% | 45.1% | 69.7% | 52.8% | 67.1% | 45.0% |
| Minnesota | 76.4% | 60.4% | 79.8% | 64.2% | 74.7% | 50.6% | 76.4% | 55.8% | 78.1% | 60.5% | 78.8% | NA |
| Mississippi | 57.5% | 32.5% | 60.4% | 43.8% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | NA | NA |
| Missouri | 64.3% | 49.6% | 66.0% | 53.3% | 64.2% | 33.6% | N/A | 45.7% | 68.2% | 51.2% | 66.1% | NA |
| Montana | 68.2% | 53.2% | 72.8% | 61.3% | 64.3% | 47.5% | 63.5% | 48.4% | 67.1% | 57.1% | 65.2% | 49.7% |
| Nebraska | 68.0% | 48.4% | 69.5% | 51.5% | 64.0% | 41.4% | 61.1% | 38.7% | 63.7% | 48.8% | 64.1% | NA |
| Nevada | 65.8% | 45.8% | 66.1% | 46.5% | 57.4% | 29.6% | 56.5% | 41.4% | 57.2% | 37.1% | 55.4% | 36.8% |
| New Hampshire | 74.1% | 56.3% | 74.9% | 54.0% | 72.5% | 48.3% | 70.9% | 46.1% | 72.5% | 42.9% | 71.5% | 48.7% |
| New Jersey | 67.0% | 41.0% | 72.0% | 53.5% | 65.8% | 32.5% | 62.2% | 37.7% | 67.7% | 40.6% | 64.2% | 38.9% |
| New Mexico | 59.6% | 46.3% | 61.0% | 46.8% | 54.9% | N/A | 54.8% | 44.7% | 61.2% | 43.1% | 60.4% | 40.0% |
| New York | 57.9% | 42.5% | 61.1% | 45.7% | 57.2% | 29.0% | 53.5% | 36.3% | 59.6% | 36.5% | 58.5% | 37.0% |
| North Carolina | 70.3% | 47.5% | 72.8% | 49.0% | 64.9% | 41.2% | 65.4% | 39.8% | 66.1% | 32.5% | 58.7% | NA |
| North Dakota | 63.1% | 41.7% | 63.4% | 58.7% | 61.7% | 45.0% | 60.4% | 46.6% | 63.6% | 45.4% | 65.5% | 49.8% |
| Ohio | 65.4% | 47.1% | 67.0% | 50.9% | 64.2% | 36.2% | 65.1% | 46.2% | 67.8% | 49.5% | 67.9% | 40.3% |
| Oklahoma | 53.3% | 39.6% | 55.3% | 42.1% | N/A | 30.0% | N/A | 39.1% | 56.3% | N/A | NA | NA |
| Oregon | 70.7% | 62.3% | 76.2% | 61.2% | 68.0% | 53.4% | 64.2% | 53.9% | 68.3% | 53.2% | 72.6% | 51.8% |
| Pennsylvania | 71.4% | 54.4% | 70.1% | 51.7% | N/A | 36.5% | N/A | 42.4% | 64.2% | N/A | NA | NA |
| Rhode Island | 63.5% | 43.6% | 63.1% | 47.5% | 59.7% | 42.4% | N/A | 45.4% | 62.3% | 52.1% | 58.9% | 45.4% |
| South Carolina | 62.1% | 42.8% | 65.9% | 44.5% | 57.3% | 35.2% | 56.8% | 40.3% | 58.2% | 35.4% | 53.2% | NA |
| South Dakota | 64.0% | 53.1% | 66.4% | 53.1% | 60.0% | 44.7% | 60.1% | 53.9% | 65.6% | 58.8% | 69.4% | 61.2% |
| Tennessee | 57.6% | 33.3% | 59.7% | 44.7% | 51.8% | 29.8% | 52.3% | 35.1% | 57.4% | 42.1% | 56.8% | NA |
| Texas | 56.6% | 41.8% | 60.8% | 45.6% | 51.4% | N/A | N/A | 32.7% | N/A | N/A | NA | 34.5% |
| Utah | 64.2% | 46.8% | 69.2% | 50.6% | 57.9% | 30.3% | 56.1% | 36.8% | 57.1% | 35.0% | 59.8% | 37.8% |
| Vermont | 70.9% | 56.0% | 72.2% | 55.7% | 64.8% | 40.8% | 61.2% | 49.8% | 67.7% | 55.0% | 66.7% | 49.4% |
| Virginia | 71.0% | 47.6% | 72.8% | 54.4% | N/A | 36.8% | 66.6% | 39.1% | 67.6% | 44.5% | 61.1% | 32.3% |
| Washington | 70.2% | 55.3% | 76.2% | 58.3% | 65.7% | 43.1% | 65.8% | 54.3% | 67.3% | 47.3% | 67.5% | 43.5% |
| West Virginia | 55.5% | 35.4% | 57.2% | 42.5% | N/A | 32.0% | N/A | 37.2% | 51.2% | 33.8% | 55.1% | 31.5% |
| Wisconsin | 76.9% | 59.8% | 75.3% | 61.4% | N/A | 56.9% | 65.8% | 52.4% | 72.7% | 53.7% | 75.3% | NA |
| Wyoming | 61.3% | 45.6% | 64.3% | 47.9% | 60.2% | 39.7% | 59.0% | 46.0% | 63.1% | 51.8% | 66.3% | 50.8% |
| United States | 63.9% | 46.2% | 66.6% | 50.0% | 60.1% | 36.7% | 58.6% | 41.8% | 62.2% | 41.3% | 60.7% | 40.5% |
| N/A: Information was unavailable for this state in this year. Source: United States Elections Project, "2024 General Election Turnout," accessed January 13, 2025;United States Elections Project, "Voter Turnout," accessed February 23, 2022 |
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Turnout by method of voting
The section below displays the percentage of voters in the United States who cast ballots in-person on election day, by mail, or in-person before election day in 2018, 2020, and 2022.[15]
| Year | Ballots cast in-person on election day | Ballots cast by mail | Ballots cast in-person before election day |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 49.0% | 31.9% | 22.2% |
| 2020 | 30.5% | 43.0% | 30.5% |
| 2018 | 58.2% | 25.6% | 22.0% |
See also
Election coverage by office
U.S. Senate
U.S. House
Governors
Secretary of state
Attorney general
Other state executives
State legislatures
State ballot measures
Local ballot measures
State judges
Local judges
Municipal government
School boards
Recalls
Additional reading
- U.S. Elections Project, "2020 General Election Early Vote Statistics"
- Vox, "9 questions about 2020’s record-breaking early vote, answered"
- The New York Times, "Voters in Battleground States Are Driving Record Early Turnout"
- NPR, "66 Million And Counting: Americans Are Breaking Early Voting Records"
Footnotes
- ↑ University of Florida Election Lab, "2024 General Election Turnout," accessed November 26, 2024
- ↑ United States Election Project, "2020 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed November 26, 2024
- ↑ United States Election Project, "2022 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed April 24, 2023
- ↑ United States Election Project, "2020 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed April 24, 2023
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2018 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed April 24, 2023
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2016 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed April 24, 2023
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2014 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2012 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2010 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2008 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2006 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed October 5, 2017
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2004 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed April 24, 2023
- ↑ United States Elections Project, "2002 November General Election Turnout Rates," accessed April 24, 2023
- ↑ University of Florida Election Lab, "2024 General Election Turnout," accessed November 22, 2024
- ↑ EAC, "Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS) 2022 Comprehensive Report," accessed July 25, 2023
