Election results, 2024: Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election

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The voter turnout rate is a mathematical expression that indicates how many eligible voters participated in an election. A variety of factors can factor into calculations of voter turnout. For the purposes of this article, voter turnout rates are expressed as follows:

Total ballots counted: This rate reflects the total number of ballots counted in a jurisdiction divided by the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction.
Total ballots counted for highest office: This rate reflects the total number of ballots counted for the highest office in a jurisdiction divided by the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction. In presidential election years, the presidency is the highest office on the ballot in every state. In non-presidential election years, the highest office on the ballot varies from state to state.

On this page you will find:

Historical voter turnout rates
Links to related articles discussing 2024 voter turnout rates

2024 analysis

The overall turnout of eligible voters in the 2024 general election was 63.7%.^[1] This was lower than the 2020 record of 66.6%^[2] but higher than every other election year since at least 2004.

The five states with the highest voter turnout in 2024 were Minnesota (76.4%), Wisconsin (76.40%), Michigan (74.7%), New Hampshire (74.4%), and Colorado (73.1%). In the 2020 general election, the top five states with the highest turnout were Minnesota (79.8%), Colorado (77.6%), Oregon (76.2%), Washington (76.2%), and Maine (75.80%). The five states with the lowest turnout in 2024 were Hawaii (50.3%), Oklahoma (53.3%), Arkansas (53.5%), West Virginia (55.5%), and Texas (56.6%). In 2020, the states with the lowest voter turnout were Oklahoma (55.3%), Hawaii (55.7%), Arkansas (56.5%), West Virginia (57.2%), and Tennessee (59.7%).

The average turnout in states that former President Donald Trump (R) won in the 2024 presidential election was 63.4%. The average turnout in states Vice President Kamala Harris (D) was 66.4%. The average turnout in states that Trump won in the 2020 election was 65.0%. The average turnout in states that President Joe Biden (D) won in 2020 was 70.1%.

The average turnout in the seven presidential battleground states was 70% in 2024. This was below the 2020 average, which was 70.7%.

The table below shows the change in voter turnout in the presidential battleground states between 2020 and 2024.

Historical voter turnout rates

See also: Voter turnout in United States elections

The table below presents national voter turnout rates for each federal election year from 2002 to 2024.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Voter turnout rates in the United States, 2002-2024 (expressed as a percentage of eligible voters)
Year	Total ballots cast
2024	63.9%
2022	46.2%
2020	66.6%
2018	50.0%
2016	60.1%
2014	36.7%
2012	58.6%
2010	41.8%
2008	62.2%
2006	41.3%
2004	60.7%
2002	40.5%

The tables below present more detailed information on voter turnout rates in the United States from 2002 to 2022.

Turnout in terms of total ballots counted

Voter turnout rates in the United States, 2002-2024 (total ballots cast expressed as a percentage of eligible voters)
State	2024	2022	2020	2018	2016	2014	2012	2010	2008	2006	2004	2002
Alabama	58.8%	37.3%	61.8%	47.0%	59.1%	33.2%	N/A	43.3%	61.0%	N/A	57.4%	NA
Alaska	63.7%	50.2%	68.4%	54.8%	61.5%	54.8%	58.9%	52.9%	68.3%	51.2%	69.6%	54.5%
Arizona	63.6%	49.3%	68.6%	47.4%	56.1%	34.1%	53.0%	41.6%	57.4%	39.6%	54.8%	36.7%
Arkansas	53.5%	41.5%	56.5%	41.3%	53.2%	40.3%	51.1%	37.9%	52.9%	38.9%	54.4%	41.7%
California	62.1%	42.9%	68.6%	49.3%	58.2%	30.7%	55.7%	45.9%	61.7%	41.2%	59.6%	37.3%
Colorado	73.1%	58.3%	77.6%	61.4%	71.9%	54.7%	70.6%	51.7%	71.6%	48.1%	67.3%	46.6%
Connecticut	67.1%	48.6%	70.7%	54.8%	64.9%	42.5%	61.4%	45.9%	N/A	47.7%	66.2%	45.1%
Delaware	67.0%	42.8%	70.1%	51.2%	64.4%	34.9%	N/A	49.0%	65.8%	42.9%	64.5%	NA
District of Columbia	63.6%	40.6%	65.8%	43.7%	60.7%	35.7%	61.6%	29.6%	61.7%	28.7%	54.9%	NA
Florida	66.7%	48.1%	72.3%	54.3%	65.6%	43.3%	63.3%	42.2%	66.6%	40.1%	64.7%	45.9%
Georgia	68.3%	51.9%	68.2%	54.1%	59.8%	38.6%	59.3%	40.6%	62.7%	35.1%	56.4%	NA
Hawaii	50.3%	40.5%	55.7%	39.5%	43.2%	36.5%	44.5%	40.3%	49.0%	38.4%	48.5%	44.2%
Idaho	63.4%	42.6%	67.6%	48.6%	60.9%	39.8%	61.0%	42.9%	64.8%	46.2%	64.8%	45.2%
Illinois	62.6%	45.8%	66.1%	51.5%	63.1%	40.8%	59.3%	43.1%	64.3%	41.4%	62.4%	42.8%
Indiana	58.6%	37.2%	61.5%	46.5%	57.9%	28.7%	56.0%	38.1%	60.3%	37.7%	55.8%	NA
Iowa	70.8%	51.9%	72.9%	57.9%	69.1%	50.3%	70.6%	50.7%	69.7%	49.2%	70.6%	48.7%
Kansas	63.2%	47.6%	65.7%	51.1%	59.7%	43.3%	58.2%	42.6%	63.5%	44.3%	62.9%	44.9%
Kentucky	62.1%	44.8%	64.8%	48.7%	59.6%	44.9%	56.2%	44.3%	59.0%	44.2%	59.4%	NA
Louisiana	60.8%	42.0%	64.2%	45.1%	60.6%	44.9%	60.8%	40.0%	61.8%	31.4%	61.5%	40.1%
Maine	74.2%	60.8%	75.8%	59.9%	72.9%	58.7%	69.3%	55.9%	71.8%	N/A	74.9%	NA
Maryland	69.3%	45.8%	69.9%	54.2%	67.0%	42.0%	67.3%	46.7%	67.8%	47.2%	63.1%	46.8%
Massachusetts	68.0%	48.8%	71.0%	54.6%	68.3%	44.7%	66.2%	49.4%	67.3%	49.3%	64.6%	49.8%
Michigan	74.6%	58.9%	73.5%	57.7%	65.7%	43.2%	65.4%	45.1%	69.7%	52.8%	67.1%	45.0%
Minnesota	76.4%	60.4%	79.8%	64.2%	74.7%	50.6%	76.4%	55.8%	78.1%	60.5%	78.8%	NA
Mississippi	57.5%	32.5%	60.4%	43.8%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	NA	NA
Missouri	64.3%	49.6%	66.0%	53.3%	64.2%	33.6%	N/A	45.7%	68.2%	51.2%	66.1%	NA
Montana	68.2%	53.2%	72.8%	61.3%	64.3%	47.5%	63.5%	48.4%	67.1%	57.1%	65.2%	49.7%
Nebraska	68.0%	48.4%	69.5%	51.5%	64.0%	41.4%	61.1%	38.7%	63.7%	48.8%	64.1%	NA
Nevada	65.8%	45.8%	66.1%	46.5%	57.4%	29.6%	56.5%	41.4%	57.2%	37.1%	55.4%	36.8%
New Hampshire	74.1%	56.3%	74.9%	54.0%	72.5%	48.3%	70.9%	46.1%	72.5%	42.9%	71.5%	48.7%
New Jersey	67.0%	41.0%	72.0%	53.5%	65.8%	32.5%	62.2%	37.7%	67.7%	40.6%	64.2%	38.9%
New Mexico	59.6%	46.3%	61.0%	46.8%	54.9%	N/A	54.8%	44.7%	61.2%	43.1%	60.4%	40.0%
New York	57.9%	42.5%	61.1%	45.7%	57.2%	29.0%	53.5%	36.3%	59.6%	36.5%	58.5%	37.0%
North Carolina	70.3%	47.5%	72.8%	49.0%	64.9%	41.2%	65.4%	39.8%	66.1%	32.5%	58.7%	NA
North Dakota	63.1%	41.7%	63.4%	58.7%	61.7%	45.0%	60.4%	46.6%	63.6%	45.4%	65.5%	49.8%
Ohio	65.4%	47.1%	67.0%	50.9%	64.2%	36.2%	65.1%	46.2%	67.8%	49.5%	67.9%	40.3%
Oklahoma	53.3%	39.6%	55.3%	42.1%	N/A	30.0%	N/A	39.1%	56.3%	N/A	NA	NA
Oregon	70.7%	62.3%	76.2%	61.2%	68.0%	53.4%	64.2%	53.9%	68.3%	53.2%	72.6%	51.8%
Pennsylvania	71.4%	54.4%	70.1%	51.7%	N/A	36.5%	N/A	42.4%	64.2%	N/A	NA	NA
Rhode Island	63.5%	43.6%	63.1%	47.5%	59.7%	42.4%	N/A	45.4%	62.3%	52.1%	58.9%	45.4%
South Carolina	62.1%	42.8%	65.9%	44.5%	57.3%	35.2%	56.8%	40.3%	58.2%	35.4%	53.2%	NA
South Dakota	64.0%	53.1%	66.4%	53.1%	60.0%	44.7%	60.1%	53.9%	65.6%	58.8%	69.4%	61.2%
Tennessee	57.6%	33.3%	59.7%	44.7%	51.8%	29.8%	52.3%	35.1%	57.4%	42.1%	56.8%	NA
Texas	56.6%	41.8%	60.8%	45.6%	51.4%	N/A	N/A	32.7%	N/A	N/A	NA	34.5%
Utah	64.2%	46.8%	69.2%	50.6%	57.9%	30.3%	56.1%	36.8%	57.1%	35.0%	59.8%	37.8%
Vermont	70.9%	56.0%	72.2%	55.7%	64.8%	40.8%	61.2%	49.8%	67.7%	55.0%	66.7%	49.4%
Virginia	71.0%	47.6%	72.8%	54.4%	N/A	36.8%	66.6%	39.1%	67.6%	44.5%	61.1%	32.3%
Washington	70.2%	55.3%	76.2%	58.3%	65.7%	43.1%	65.8%	54.3%	67.3%	47.3%	67.5%	43.5%
West Virginia	55.5%	35.4%	57.2%	42.5%	N/A	32.0%	N/A	37.2%	51.2%	33.8%	55.1%	31.5%
Wisconsin	76.9%	59.8%	75.3%	61.4%	N/A	56.9%	65.8%	52.4%	72.7%	53.7%	75.3%	NA
Wyoming	61.3%	45.6%	64.3%	47.9%	60.2%	39.7%	59.0%	46.0%	63.1%	51.8%	66.3%	50.8%
United States	63.9%	46.2%	66.6%	50.0%	60.1%	36.7%	58.6%	41.8%	62.2%	41.3%	60.7%	40.5%
N/A: Information was unavailable for this state in this year. Source: United States Elections Project, "2024 General Election Turnout," accessed January 13, 2025;United States Elections Project, "Voter Turnout," accessed February 23, 2022

Turnout by method of voting

The section below displays the percentage of voters in the United States who cast ballots in-person on election day, by mail, or in-person before election day in 2018, 2020, and 2022.^[15]