Election results, 2022: Analysis of voter turnout

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The voter turnout rate is a mathematical expression that indicates how many eligible voters participated in an election. A variety of factors can factor into calculations of voter turnout. For the purposes of this article, voter turnout rates are expressed as follows:

1. Total ballots cast: This rate reflects the total number of ballots cast in a jurisdiction divided by the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction.
2. Total ballots cast for highest office: This rate reflects the total number of ballots cast for the highest office in a jurisdiction divided by the total number of eligible voters in that jurisdiction. In presidential election years, the presidency is the highest office on the ballot in every state. In non-presidential election years, the highest office on the ballot varies from state to state.

On this page you will find:

• Historical voter turnout rates
• Links to related articles discussing 2022 voter turnout rates

Historical voter turnout rates

See also: Voter turnout in United States elections

The table below presents national voter turnout rates for each federal election year from 2002 to 2024.

Voter turnout rates in the United States, 2002-2024 (expressed as a percentage of eligible voters)

Year	Total ballots cast
2024	63.9%
2022	46.2%
2020	66.6%
2018	50.0%
2016	60.1%
2014	36.7%
2012	58.6%
2010	41.8%
2008	62.2%
2006	41.3%
2004	60.7%
2002	40.5%

The tables below present more detailed information on voter turnout rates in the United States from 2002 to 2022.

Turnout in terms of total ballots cast

Voter turnout rates in the United States, 2002-2024 (total ballots cast expressed as a percentage of eligible voters)

State	2024	2022	2020	2018	2016	2014	2012	2010	2008	2006	2004	2002
Alabama	58.8%	37.3%	61.8%	47.0%	59.1%	33.2%	N/A	43.3%	61.0%	N/A	57.4%	NA
Alaska	63.7%	50.2%	68.4%	54.8%	61.5%	54.8%	58.9%	52.9%	68.3%	51.2%	69.6%	54.5%
Arizona	63.6%	49.3%	68.6%	47.4%	56.1%	34.1%	53.0%	41.6%	57.4%	39.6%	54.8%	36.7%
Arkansas	53.5%	41.5%	56.5%	41.3%	53.2%	40.3%	51.1%	37.9%	52.9%	38.9%	54.4%	41.7%
California	62.1%	42.9%	68.6%	49.3%	58.2%	30.7%	55.7%	45.9%	61.7%	41.2%	59.6%	37.3%
Colorado	73.1%	58.3%	77.6%	61.4%	71.9%	54.7%	70.6%	51.7%	71.6%	48.1%	67.3%	46.6%
Connecticut	67.1%	48.6%	70.7%	54.8%	64.9%	42.5%	61.4%	45.9%	N/A	47.7%	66.2%	45.1%
Delaware	67.0%	42.8%	70.1%	51.2%	64.4%	34.9%	N/A	49.0%	65.8%	42.9%	64.5%	NA
District of Columbia	63.6%	40.6%	65.8%	43.7%	60.7%	35.7%	61.6%	29.6%	61.7%	28.7%	54.9%	NA
Florida	66.7%	48.1%	72.3%	54.3%	65.6%	43.3%	63.3%	42.2%	66.6%	40.1%	64.7%	45.9%
Georgia	68.3%	51.9%	68.2%	54.1%	59.8%	38.6%	59.3%	40.6%	62.7%	35.1%	56.4%	NA
Hawaii	50.3%	40.5%	55.7%	39.5%	43.2%	36.5%	44.5%	40.3%	49.0%	38.4%	48.5%	44.2%
Idaho	63.4%	42.6%	67.6%	48.6%	60.9%	39.8%	61.0%	42.9%	64.8%	46.2%	64.8%	45.2%
Illinois	62.6%	45.8%	66.1%	51.5%	63.1%	40.8%	59.3%	43.1%	64.3%	41.4%	62.4%	42.8%
Indiana	58.6%	37.2%	61.5%	46.5%	57.9%	28.7%	56.0%	38.1%	60.3%	37.7%	55.8%	NA
Iowa	70.8%	51.9%	72.9%	57.9%	69.1%	50.3%	70.6%	50.7%	69.7%	49.2%	70.6%	48.7%
Kansas	63.2%	47.6%	65.7%	51.1%	59.7%	43.3%	58.2%	42.6%	63.5%	44.3%	62.9%	44.9%
Kentucky	62.1%	44.8%	64.8%	48.7%	59.6%	44.9%	56.2%	44.3%	59.0%	44.2%	59.4%	NA
Louisiana	60.8%	42.0%	64.2%	45.1%	60.6%	44.9%	60.8%	40.0%	61.8%	31.4%	61.5%	40.1%
Maine	74.2%	60.8%	75.8%	59.9%	72.9%	58.7%	69.3%	55.9%	71.8%	N/A	74.9%	NA
Maryland	69.3%	45.8%	69.9%	54.2%	67.0%	42.0%	67.3%	46.7%	67.8%	47.2%	63.1%	46.8%
Massachusetts	68.0%	48.8%	71.0%	54.6%	68.3%	44.7%	66.2%	49.4%	67.3%	49.3%	64.6%	49.8%
Michigan	74.6%	58.9%	73.5%	57.7%	65.7%	43.2%	65.4%	45.1%	69.7%	52.8%	67.1%	45.0%
Minnesota	76.4%	60.4%	79.8%	64.2%	74.7%	50.6%	76.4%	55.8%	78.1%	60.5%	78.8%	NA
Mississippi	57.5%	32.5%	60.4%	43.8%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	NA	NA
Missouri	64.3%	49.6%	66.0%	53.3%	64.2%	33.6%	N/A	45.7%	68.2%	51.2%	66.1%	NA
Montana	68.2%	53.2%	72.8%	61.3%	64.3%	47.5%	63.5%	48.4%	67.1%	57.1%	65.2%	49.7%
Nebraska	68.0%	48.4%	69.5%	51.5%	64.0%	41.4%	61.1%	38.7%	63.7%	48.8%	64.1%	NA
Nevada	65.8%	45.8%	66.1%	46.5%	57.4%	29.6%	56.5%	41.4%	57.2%	37.1%	55.4%	36.8%
New Hampshire	74.1%	56.3%	74.9%	54.0%	72.5%	48.3%	70.9%	46.1%	72.5%	42.9%	71.5%	48.7%
New Jersey	67.0%	41.0%	72.0%	53.5%	65.8%	32.5%	62.2%	37.7%	67.7%	40.6%	64.2%	38.9%
New Mexico	59.6%	46.3%	61.0%	46.8%	54.9%	N/A	54.8%	44.7%	61.2%	43.1%	60.4%	40.0%
New York	57.9%	42.5%	61.1%	45.7%	57.2%	29.0%	53.5%	36.3%	59.6%	36.5%	58.5%	37.0%
North Carolina	70.3%	47.5%	72.8%	49.0%	64.9%	41.2%	65.4%	39.8%	66.1%	32.5%	58.7%	NA
North Dakota	63.1%	41.7%	63.4%	58.7%	61.7%	45.0%	60.4%	46.6%	63.6%	45.4%	65.5%	49.8%
Ohio	65.4%	47.1%	67.0%	50.9%	64.2%	36.2%	65.1%	46.2%	67.8%	49.5%	67.9%	40.3%
Oklahoma	53.3%	39.6%	55.3%	42.1%	N/A	30.0%	N/A	39.1%	56.3%	N/A	NA	NA
Oregon	70.7%	62.3%	76.2%	61.2%	68.0%	53.4%	64.2%	53.9%	68.3%	53.2%	72.6%	51.8%
Pennsylvania	71.4%	54.4%	70.1%	51.7%	N/A	36.5%	N/A	42.4%	64.2%	N/A	NA	NA
Rhode Island	63.5%	43.6%	63.1%	47.5%	59.7%	42.4%	N/A	45.4%	62.3%	52.1%	58.9%	45.4%
South Carolina	62.1%	42.8%	65.9%	44.5%	57.3%	35.2%	56.8%	40.3%	58.2%	35.4%	53.2%	NA
South Dakota	64.0%	53.1%	66.4%	53.1%	60.0%	44.7%	60.1%	53.9%	65.6%	58.8%	69.4%	61.2%
Tennessee	57.6%	33.3%	59.7%	44.7%	51.8%	29.8%	52.3%	35.1%	57.4%	42.1%	56.8%	NA
Texas	56.6%	41.8%	60.8%	45.6%	51.4%	N/A	N/A	32.7%	N/A	N/A	NA	34.5%
Utah	64.2%	46.8%	69.2%	50.6%	57.9%	30.3%	56.1%	36.8%	57.1%	35.0%	59.8%	37.8%
Vermont	70.9%	56.0%	72.2%	55.7%	64.8%	40.8%	61.2%	49.8%	67.7%	55.0%	66.7%	49.4%
Virginia	71.0%	47.6%	72.8%	54.4%	N/A	36.8%	66.6%	39.1%	67.6%	44.5%	61.1%	32.3%
Washington	70.2%	55.3%	76.2%	58.3%	65.7%	43.1%	65.8%	54.3%	67.3%	47.3%	67.5%	43.5%
West Virginia	55.5%	35.4%	57.2%	42.5%	N/A	32.0%	N/A	37.2%	51.2%	33.8%	55.1%	31.5%
Wisconsin	76.9%	59.8%	75.3%	61.4%	N/A	56.9%	65.8%	52.4%	72.7%	53.7%	75.3%	NA
Wyoming	61.3%	45.6%	64.3%	47.9%	60.2%	39.7%	59.0%	46.0%	63.1%	51.8%	66.3%	50.8%
United States	63.9%	46.2%	66.6%	50.0%	60.1%	36.7%	58.6%	41.8%	62.2%	41.3%	60.7%	40.5%
N/A: Information was unavailable for this state in this year. Source: United States Elections Project, "2024 General Election Turnout," accessed January 13, 2025;United States Elections Project, "Voter Turnout," accessed February 23, 2022

Turnout by method of voting

The section below displays the percentage of voters in the United States who cast ballots in-person on election day, by mail, or in-person before election day in 2018, 2020, and 2022.

Voter turnout by method of voting, 2028-2022 (expressed as a percentage of voters who cast ballots)
Year	Ballots cast in-person on election day	Ballots cast by mail	Ballots cast in-person before election day
2022	49.0%	31.9%	22.2%
2020	30.5%	43.0%	30.5%
2018	58.2%	25.6%	22.0%

See also

• Voter turnout in United States elections

Additional reading

• U.S. Elections Project, "2020 General Election Early Vote Statistics"
• Vox, "9 questions about 2020’s record-breaking early vote, answered"
• The New York Times, "Voters in Battleground States Are Driving Record Early Turnout"
• NPR, "66 Million And Counting: Americans Are Breaking Early Voting Records"