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School board authority in Alaska

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Alaska state law makes school boards responsible for governing and managing public school districts in the state. This article details the powers and duties Alaska law grants to school boards for governing school districts and the constraints on that authority with regard to certain topics.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • Alaska is one of 47 states that gives school boards authority over district disciplinary policy.
  • Alaska school boards are authorized to enter into collective bargaining agreements with teachers, which can constrain their authority over certain district policies.
  • Alaska is one of 26 states that has a Parents' Bill of Rights.
  • Alaska state law requires teen dating violence and sexual abuse awareness instruction to be included in local district curricula while encouraging other topics such as environmental education.


    • Types of legal and contractual constraints on school board authority

    See also: Local school board authority across the 50 states

    This page presents the results from Ballotpedia research on school board authority and constraints on that authority in all 50 states as of 2024. School board authority comes from state constitutions and state statutes and can be interpreted or specified by state regulations or court decisions. In addition to authority over district budgets, the selection of a superintendent, and administrative responsibilities, school boards have varying levels of authority over district policy on other topics depending on the state and district.

    There are several sources of legal and contractual constraints on school board policy-making authority which also vary by state or by district.

    • State laws commonly restrict or mandate school board policies on certain topics.
      • Parents' Bills of Rights, which at least 26 states have in statute to some degree, limit the policies school boards are allowed to pass.
    • State rules, guidance, and funding incentives can constrain, mandate, or influence school board policies. These include regulation from state education commissions and superintendents, executive orders from governors, or grant conditions.
    • Federal and state court rulings can dictate whether or not school district policies are compatible with state law or federal law.
    • The federal government, largely through its Department of Education, can promulgate regulations or guidance that influence district policy or make funding contingent on certain policies.
    • Collective bargaining agreements between school districts and teacher unions can create contractual constraints on the policies school boards can pass.
    • State school board associations can influence school board policy or, in some cases. enter into contracts with school boards that can limit school board policy.

    This page features the following sections:

    School board authority over district policy in Alaska

    Enabling or authorizing statute for the boards of school districts in Alaska

    See also: Enabling statute

    Alaska Statutes § 14.12.020, creates school district boards and gives them authority to operate according to state law:[1]

    “

    (a) Each regional educational attendance area shall be operated on an areawide basis under the management and control of a regional school board. The regional school board manages and controls schools on military reservations within its regional educational attendance area until the military mission is terminated or so long as management and control by the regional educational attendance area is approved by the department. ...

    (b) Each borough or city school district shall be operated on a district-wide basis under the management and control of a school board.

    (c) The legislature shall provide the state money necessary to maintain and operate the regional educational attendance areas. The borough assembly for a borough school district, and the city council for a city school district, shall provide the money that must be raised from local sources to maintain and operate the district.[2]

    		”

    Alaska Statutes § 14.03.29 defines school boards in Alaska as the following:[3]

    “

    (3) "local school board" means a borough or city school board or a school board of a regional educational attendance area;[2]

    		”

    Alaska school boards' powers and duties

    Alaska public school boards of directors are given broad authority in addition to 23 specific duties or powers to administer the public schools in Alaska. In addition to budget-related and fiscal duties, school property and facilities management, and administrative responsibilities, the specific powers and duties include

    • establishing procedures for the review and selection of all textbooks and instructional materials,
    • determining compensation for all school employees and administrative officers,
    • provide prospective employees with information relating to the availability and cost of housing in rural areas to which they might be assigned.

    Broad authority over school district policy is given to school boards in Alaska Statutes § 14.14.100:[4]

    “

    (a) The school board policies relating to management and control of the district shall be expressed in written bylaws formally adopted at regular school board meetings.[2]

    		”

    The list of powers and duties school district boards are charged with appears in Alaska Statutes § 14.08.111 and § 14.14.090 and are as follows:[5]

    “

    Section 14.08.111
    A regional school board shall

    (1) provide, during the school term of each year, an educational program for each school age child who is enrolled in or a resident of the district;
    (2) develop a philosophy of education, principles, and goals for its schools;
    (3) approve the employment of the professional administrators, teachers, and noncertificated personnel necessary to operate its schools;
    (4) establish the salaries to be paid its employees;
    (5) designate the employees authorized to direct disbursements from the school funds of the board;
    (6) submit the reports prescribed for all school districts;
    (7) provide for an annual audit in accordance with AS 14.14.050;
    (8) provide custodial services and routine maintenance of school buildings and facilities;
    (9) establish procedures for the review and selection of all textbooks and instructional materials at least once every 10 years, including textbooks and curriculum materials for statewide correspondence programs, before they are introduced into the school curriculum; the review includes a review for violations of AS 14.18.060; nothing in this paragraph precludes a correspondence study student, or the parent or guardian of a correspondence study student, from privately obtaining or using textbooks or curriculum material not provided by the school district;
    (10) provide prospective employees with information relating to the availability and cost of housing in rural areas to which they might be assigned, and, when possible, assist them in locating housing; however, nothing in this paragraph requires a regional school board to provide teacher housing, whether owned, leased, or rented or otherwise provided by the regional educational attendance area, nor does it require the board to engage in a subsidy program of any kind with respect to teacher housing;
    (11) train persons required to report under AS 47.17.020, in the recognition and reporting of child abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse of a minor; and
    (12) establish procedures for providing the training under AS 14.18.060, AS 14.20.149, 14.20.680, AS 14.30.355, 14.30.356, 14.30.362, AS 14.33.100, AS 18.66.310, and AS 47.17.022; the procedures established under this paragraph must include a training schedule that ensures that not less than 50 percent of the total certificated staff employed by the district receive all of the training not less than every two years and that all of the certificated staff employed by the district receive all of the training not less than every four years.

    Sec. 14.14.090. Duties of school boards.
    In addition to other duties, a school board shall

    (1) determine and disburse the total amount to be made available for compensation of all school employees and administrative officers;
    (2) provide for, during the school term of each year, an educational program for each school age child who is enrolled in or a resident of the district;
    (3) withhold the salary for the last month of service of a teacher or administrator until the teacher or administrator has submitted all summaries, statistics, and reports that the school board may require by bylaws;
    (4) transmit, when required by the assembly or council but not more often than once a month, a summary report and statement of money expended;
    (5) keep the minutes of meetings and a record of all proceedings of the school board in a pertinent form;
    (6) keep the records and files of the school board open to inspection by the public at the principal administrative office of the district during reasonable business hours;
    (7) establish procedures for the review and selection of all textbooks and instructional materials at least once every 10 years, including textbooks and curriculum materials for statewide correspondence programs, before they are introduced into the school curriculum; the review includes a review for violations of AS 14.18.060; nothing in this paragraph precludes a correspondence study student, or the parent or guardian of a correspondence study student, from privately obtaining or using textbooks or curriculum material not provided by the school district;
    (8) provide prospective employees with information relating to the availability and cost of housing in rural areas to which they might be assigned, and, when possible, assist them in locating housing; however, nothing in this paragraph requires a school district to provide teacher housing, whether district owned, leased, rented, or through other means, nor does it require a school board to engage in a subsidy program of any kind regarding teacher housing;
    (9) train persons required to report under AS 47.17.020, in the recognition and reporting of child abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse of a minor;
    (10) provide for the development and implementation of a preventive maintenance program for school facilities; in this paragraph, “preventive maintenance” means scheduled maintenance actions that prevent the premature failure or extend the useful life of a facility, or a facility's systems and components, and that are cost-effective on a life-cycle basis;
    (11) establish procedures for providing the training under AS 14.18.060, AS 14.20.149, 14.20.680, AS 14.30.355, 14.30.356, 14.30.362, AS 14.33.100, AS 18.66.310, and AS 47.17.022; the procedures established under this paragraph must include a training schedule that ensures that not less than 50 percent of the total certificated staff employed by the district receive all of the training not less than every two years and that all of the certificated staff employed by the district receive all of the training not less than every four years.[2]
    		 ”

    Constraints on Alaska school boards' authority

    This section tracks constraints on school boards specific to Alaska as of September 2024. It features constraints on school boards' authority from state law, collective bargaining agreements, and Parents' Bills of Rights.

    Constraint on Alaska school boards' authority by topic

    This section features constraints on school boards authority on policies related to the following topics:

    Curriculum requirements

    Alaska state law requires the following specific curricular topics to be included in the state's content standards:

    • Sexual abuse and sexual assault awareness[6]
    • teen dating violence and abuse awareness[7]

    Note: Alaska state law encourages other curricular topics, such as environmental education, though they are not required.[8]

    Curriculum restrictions

    Alaska state law prohibits school districts from implementing the following curricular topics:

    • Partisan, sectarian, or denominational doctrines.[9]
    Federal law and guidance

    Book bans, removals, and restrictions

    Alaska school boards have authority to establish procedures for the review and selection of all textbooks and instructional materials, and must review books for discrimination.[11]

    Case law:

    • U.S. District Court Judge Sharon Gleason issued a preliminary injunction on August 6, 2024, to block the removal of books by the Mat-Su School District, ruling that it violated students’ constitutional rights and would cause irreparable harm left out of schools until the trial scheduled for April 2025.[12]
    • The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed local school boards' authority to remove school books in Island Trees Sch. Dist. v. Pico by Pico in 1982 but held that school library books are distinct from curricular books, which school boards have more authority to regulate. The ruling held that school boards are charged with inculcating community values and may make curricular decisions accordingly. In Zykan v. Warsaw Community School Corp. in 1980, the Supreme Court held that school boards had discretionary power over curriculum, textbooks, and other educational matters but could not impose religious creeds or "permanently the student’s ability to investigate matters that arise in the natural course of intellectual inquiry,” according to the opinion.[13][14][15]
    Federal guidance


    Parental notification

    Alaska state law requires parental notification in the following circumstances:

    • Their children are given instructions involving human reproduction or sexual matters.[17]
    • An incident occurred involving disruptive or violent behavior by their student that resulted in restraint or seclusion of the student by school personnel.[18]

    Case law: The United States Supreme Court ruled in Mahmoud v. Taylor on June 27, 2025, that Montgomery County Board of Education's introduction of LGBTQ+ related storybooks, along with its decision to withhold opt outs, placed an unconstitutional burden on the parents’ rights to the free exercise of their religion.[19]

    Discipline

    See also: How does Alaska compare to other states on school board authority over disciplinary policy?

    Alaska is one of 47 states that gives school boards authority over district disciplinary policy.

    The text of Alaska statutes § 14.33.120 is as follows:[20]

    “

    (a) Each governing body shall adopt a written school disciplinary and safety program. The program required under this subsection must be made available to students, parents, legal guardians, and the public and include written

    (1) standards for student behavior and safety that reflect community standards and that include, at a minimum, basic requirements for respect and honesty; standards required under this paragraph must be developed and periodically reviewed with the collaboration of members of each school, parents, legal guardians, teachers, and other persons responsible for the students at a school; a governing body may require that standards developed under this paragraph be consistent for all schools in an attendance area or the district;

    (2) standards relating to when a teacher is authorized to remove a student from the classroom for

    (A) failure to follow student behavior and safety standards; or

    (B) behavior described under AS 14.30.045(1) or (2);

    (3) procedures for notifying teachers of dangerous students consistent with AS 47.12.310(b);

    (4) standards relating to when a teacher, teacher's assistant, or other person responsible for students is authorized to use reasonable and appropriate force to maintain classroom safety and discipline as described under AS 11.81.430(a)(2);

    (5) policies necessary to comply with provisions of state and federal law, including 20 U.S.C. 1400 - 1482 (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act);

    (6) standards to address needs of students for whom mental health or substance abuse may be a contributing factor to noncompliance with the school disciplinary and safety program;

    (7) policies for implementing a student conflict resolution strategy, including the nonviolent resolution or mediation of conflicts and procedures for reporting and resolving conflicts;

    (8) procedures for periodic review and revision of the school disciplinary and safety program;

    (9) policies and procedures consistent with standards for use of restraint and seclusion of students as described in AS 14.33.125.

    (b) A school shall, on the same day as the incident, provide to the parent or legal guardian of an affected student information relating to an incident involving disruptive or violent behavior by the student that resulted in restraint or seclusion of the student by school personnel. [2]

    		”
    Federal guidance

    School board elections

    See also: Rules governing school board election dates and timing in Alaska, How does Alaska compare to other states on school board authority over election timing?

    Alaska is one of 42 states in which school boards do not have authority over the timing of school board elections because state or municipal laws determine school board election dates.

    Click here to read about the laws governing school board elections in Alaska.

    Public school choice and open enrollment

    See also: School choice in Alaska

    Alaska Admin Code § 06.210 requires school districts to allow students who attend schools deemed persistently dangerous to apply to enroll in a different school in the district. The district board must grant the request within 30 days.

    The text of the regulation is as follows:[22]

    “

    (b) A district that contains a school that has been designated persistently dangerous shall:

    (1) within 10 days after the department designates the school, provide all parents of students who attend the school notice that the

    (A) school has been designated as persistently dangerous; and
    (B) parent may, within 30 days after the notice is sent, request that the district transfer the student to the parent's choice of one of two or more safe schools within the district;

    ... (3) within 30 days after receiving a timely request from a parent, provide for a transfer of a student as requested. [2]

    		”

    Charter schools

    See also: Charter schools in Alaska, How does Alaska compare to other states on school board authority over charter schools?

    Alaska is one of 36 states that grant school boards at least some authority over whether charter schools are issued in their district.

    Local boards create and prescribe charter applications for schools in their district and issue decisions on submitted applications:[23]

    “

    (a) A local school board shall prescribe an application procedure for the establishment of a charter school in that school district. The application procedure must include provisions for an academic policy committee consisting of parents of students attending the school, teachers, and school employees and a proposed form for a contract between a charter school and the local school board, setting out the contract elements required under AS 14.03.255(c).

    (b) A decision of a local school board approving or denying an application for a charter school must be in writing, must be issued within 60 days after the application, and must include all relevant findings of fact and conclusions of law.

    (c) If a local school board approves an application for a charter school, the local school board shall forward the application to the state Board of Education and Early Development for review and approval.

    (d) If a local school board denies an application for a charter school, the applicant may appeal the denial to the commissioner. The appeal to the commissioner shall be filed not later than 60 days after the local school board issues its written decision of denial. The commissioner shall review the local school board's decision to determine whether the findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence and whether the decision is contrary to law. A decision of the commissioner upholding the denial by the local school board may be appealed within 30 days to the state Board of Education and Early Development.

    (e) If the commissioner approves a charter school application, the commissioner shall forward the application to the state Board of Education and Early Development for review and approval. The application shall be forwarded not later than 30 days after the commissioner issues a written decision. The state Board of Education and Early Development shall exercise independent judgment in evaluating the application.

    (f) A local school board that denied an application for a charter school approved by the state board on appeal shall operate the charter school as provided in AS 14.03.255 - 14.03.290.[2]

    		”

    Cellphone bans

    See also: How does Alaska compare to other states on cellphone laws?

    Alaska is one of four states with state laws or executive orders requiring school districts to pass policies on cellphone use, not specifying what the policies must contain.

    The Alaska Legislature overrode Governor Mike Dunleavy (R)'s veto of Alaska House Bill 57 on May 20, 2025, which requires school boards to adopt policies regarding cellphone use in K-12 classrooms, among other provisions.[24]

    The Alaska State Board of Education adopted a resolution that encouraged local districts to adopt policies limiting cellphone use in schools in September 2024.[25]

    Collective bargaining agreements

    Teacher union collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) can constrain school board authority. Teacher CBAs are agreements between a school district and a teachers’ union to establish rights and other contract details for public school employees. CBAs do not have the force of law, but are contractually binding for a set period of time. Within the time set out in the agreement, the school board must comply with the stipulations that were agreed to in the contract. In this way, CBAs can constrain school board authority by giving teachers authority over curriculum, prohibiting school boards from banning books, and establishing certain student or parental rights. They can also determine rights and protections for educators, and conditions for students (such as required recess periods or the amount of standardized testing), among other provisions.

    CBAs vary greatly within and across states in size, topics covered, and constraints they put on school boards. Not all states allow teachers to bargain collectively. As of January 2022, 35 states and the District of Columbia guaranteed K-12 teachers some right to bargain collectively, and six states prohibited public-sector employee collective bargaining by law, which includes public school teachers. The other nine states have no statewide bargaining framework, but local jurisdictions within these states can grant bargaining rights if they choose.[26][27]

    Alaska school boards are authorized to engage in collective bargaining agreements with school employees, which can constrain their authority over certain district policies.

    For example, a collective bargaining agreement between the state of Alaska and the Teachers Education Association - Mt. Edgecumbe sets a salary schedule for teachers and institutes a one-time 5% cost of living payment, constraining the school board's statutory authority to decide teachers' compensation:[28]

    “

    Contracted teachers serving a school term of one hundred and seventy-two (172) contract days or more shall be credited with a year of teaching service.

    Effective July 1, 2022, the wages in effect on June 30, 2022, shall increase by four percent (4%).

    Teachers shall receive a one-time cost of living payment of 5% of the individuals salary for services rendered during the 22-23 school year, less mandatory deductions including retirement, will be paid to bargaining unit members.[2]

    		”

    Another provision of the agreement gives teachers what the contract called academic freedom to decide on curriculum and instruction within the planned instructional program.[28]

    “

    Teachers will have full freedom in instruction and the selection of instructional materials and methodology within the outlines of the appropriate course content, within the planned instructional program as determined by normal instructional development and administrative procedures subject to approval of the superintendent or his designee and within budgetary constraints.[2]

    		”

    Parents' Bill of Rights

    See also: How does Alaska compare to other states on Parents' Bills of Rights?

    Alaska is one of 26 states that has a Parents' Bill of Rights.

    The statute holds that parents have the right to opt out of sex education, withdraw their student from school for a religious holiday, and opt their child out of a standards-based assessment, among other provisions. The text is as follows:[29]

    “

    (a) A local school board shall, in consultation with parents, teachers, and school administrators, adopt policies to promote the involvement of parents in the school district's education program. The policies must include procedures

    (1) recognizing the authority of a parent and allowing a parent to object to and withdraw the child from a standards-based assessment or test required by the state;

    (2) recognizing the authority of a parent and allowing a parent to object to and withdraw the child from an activity, class, or program;

    (3) providing for parent notification not less than two weeks before any activity, class, or program that includes content involving human reproduction or sexual matters is provided to a child;

    (4) recognizing the authority of a parent and allowing a parent to withdraw the child from an activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test required by the state for a religious holiday, as defined by the parent;

    (5) providing a parent with an opportunity to review the content of an activity, class, performance standard, or program;

    (6) ensuring that, when a child is absent from an activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test required by the state under this section, the absence is not considered an unlawful absence under AS 14.30.020 if the child's parent withdrew the child from the activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test or gave permission for the child's absence.

    (b) The policies adopted under this section may not allow a parent categorically to object to or withdraw a child from all activities, classes, programs, or standards-based assessments or tests required by the state. The policies must require a parent to object each time the parent wishes to withdraw the child from an activity, class, program, or standards-based assessment or test required by the state.

    (c) Nothing in this section prohibits a school employee or volunteer from answering a question from a child about any topic.

    (d) In this section,

    (1) “child” means an unemancipated minor under 18 years of age;

    (2) “human reproduction or sexual matters” does not include curricula or materials for

    (A) sexual abuse and sexual assault awareness and prevention training required under AS 14.30.355; or

    (B) dating violence and abuse awareness and prevention training required under AS 14.30.356;

    (3) “local school board” has the meaning given in AS 14.03.290;

    (4) “parent” means the natural or adoptive parent of a child or a child's legal guardian;

    (5) “school district” has the meaning given in AS 14.30.350.[2]

    		”


    How does Alaska compare to other states?

    This section compares Alaska's school board authority and constraints with those of other states on select topics. These topics include authority over discipline policy, school board election timing, charter schools, cellphone use policy, as well as constraints on school boards' authority from Parents' Bills of Rights.

    Book bans, removals, and restrictions

    Twenty-three (23) states have no laws regulating the curation of school library books. Twenty-seven (27) states, however, have passed laws restricting school board authority over school library book curation. These laws typically fall into one of the following categories:

    • Eleven states require school boards to develop a policy for the removal of books, including creating a way for the public to challenge school library books.
    • Nine states prohibit school boards from removing books on the grounds that they represent specific ideologies or perspectives.
    • Six states prohibit books if they contain specific material, including sexual content or anything deemed harmful to minors.
    • Five states require school boards to establish local boards to review challenges to library books.
    • Two states require school boards to allow parents to view a catalogue of books.

    Some states have adopted multiple types of these policies.

    Discipline

    • School boards in 47 states have authority over disciplinary policy in their district.
    • School boards in two states have authority over disciplinary policy for specific circumstances, such as suspension, expulsion, or bullying.
    • Individual schools in one state create their own disciplinary policy.

    School board elections

    School boards' authority over the timing of school board elections varies by state.

    • School boards in 42 states do not have authority over election timing;
    • School boards in five states can choose from limited options when to hold school board elections;
    • School boards in two states can choose from a date range when to hold school board elections;
    • The school board in Hawaii is not elected.

    The map below shows the types of authority school boards in the states have to determine the timing of school board elections.

    Charter schools

    See also: Charter schools in the United States

    Some school boards in the U.S. are authorized to approve or deny applications for charter schools in their district, while state boards of education hold the authority in other states. In some states, school boards can authorize charter schools, but there are other entities besides school boards that can also authorize charter schools or to which a school board decision can be appealed.

    • 10 states do not authorize school boards to make decisions on whether to approve new charter schools in their districts.
    • 36 states do authorize school boards to approve new charter schools in their districts, deny approval to new charter schools, or both.
    • 3 states do not have laws governing charter school authorization.
    • 1 state allows school districts to apply to the state board of education to be a charter school district.

    State cellphone laws

    See also: State policies on cellphone use in K-12 public schools

    In most states, school boards or superintendents often set policies on cellphones in public schools. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), around 76% of schools said they banned the non-academic use of cellphones or smartphones during school hours during the 2021-22 school year, down from 91% in 2010.[30]

    Beginning with Florida in 2023, some states enacted laws or policies to regulate student cellphone usage in public schools. Twenty-six (26) states had statewide laws or policies restricting cellphone use in K-12 classrooms or schools as of June 2025. Four states had requirements for all school district boards to adopt a policy on cellphones but without specific requirements for those policies. Four other states had policies encouraging school districts to establish restrictions on cellphone use in the classroom.


    Parents' Bill of Rights

    See also: Parents' Bill of Rights in education

    If state law explicitly provides certain rights to parents, it can constrain the policy-making authority of school boards. These sections of statute are often referred to within statute and are categorized here as Parents' Bills of Rights. In some states, they are education-specific, regarding the rights a parent has to be involved in their child's public education. Common examples include notification requirements, opt-out rights, and records access. Other Parents' Bills of Rights are more general, commonly affording parents a right to direct the upbringing of their child.

    • 26 states have enacted a statewide Parents' Bill of Rights
    • 24 states have not enacted a Parents' Bill of Rights.

    Noteworthy events

    See also: Overview of trends in K-12 curricula development
    • Alaska requires school boards to limit cell phone use in K-12 classrooms (2025): The Alaska Legislature overrode Governor Mike Dunleavy (R)'s veto of Alaska House Bill 57 on May 20, 2025, which requires school boards to adopt policies limiting cellphone use in K-12 classrooms, among other provisions.[31]
    • Alaska Senate passes mental health curriculum bill (2024): A bill that proposed requiring the Alaska State Board of Education to create what the bill called developmentally appropriate instruction on mental health for grades K-12 passed the state senate on March 6, 2024. SB 24 proposed encouraging, though not requiring, local districts to adopt a mental health curriculum. Anchorage School District Superintendent Jharrett Bryantt supported SB 24, arguing it would address mental health problems their district faces. Alaska Senator Shelley Hughes opposed the bill, contending that it didn't have enough information about what topics the curriculum would include.[32][33][34]
    • Alaska bill proposes parental permission for sex education, approval of whole curriculum (2023): The Alaska House of Representatives on April 26, 2023, approved legislative amendments to allow parents to review a school's curriculum across all areas of instruction and remove their student from a particular course of study. HB 105 initially proposed requiring parental permission for students to participate in the school's sex education curriculum. The bill also proposed requiring “educators to notify parents of any change in a student’s mental/physical health or desire to be addressed by a different name/gender,” according to Juneau Empire.[35]

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ FindLaw, "Alaska Statutes Title 14. Education, Libraries, and Museums § 14.12.020. Support, management, and control in general; military reservation schools," accessed April 23, 2025
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    3. ↑ Casetext.com, "Section 14.03.29 - Definitions," November 13, 2024
    4. ↑ Casetext.com, "Section 14.14.100 - Bylaws and administrative rules," November 13, 2024
    5. ↑ Alaska Legislature, "Section 14.08.111 - Duties," November 13, 2024
    6. ↑ Law.justia.com, "AK Stat § 14.30.355 (2023)," November 13, 2024
    7. ↑ Law.justia.com, "AK Stat § 14.30.356 (2023)," November 13, 2024
    8. ↑ Alaska Title 14, Chapter 30," November 14, 2024
    9. ↑ Alaska Legislature, "Sec. 14.03.090. Partisan, sectarian, or denominational doctrines prohibited." November 14, 2024
    10. ↑ The White House, "Ending Radical Indoctrination in K-12 Schooling," accessed March 14, 2025
    11. ↑ Casetext.com, "Section 14.14.090 - Duties of school boards," November 13, 2024
    12. ↑ Alaska Beacon, "Mat-Su school district must return most banned books to library shelves, court rules," November 13, 2024
    13. ↑ Education Law Center, Pennsylvania, "Challenging book bans: What can you do," September 18, 2024
    14. ↑ Law.Justia.com, "Island Trees Sch. Dist. v. Pico by Pico, 457 U.S. 853 (1982)," September 18, 2024
    15. ↑ Law.Justia.com, "Zykan v. Warsaw Community School Corp., 631 F.2d 1300 (7th Cir. 1980)," October 11, 2024
    16. ↑ U.S. Department of Education, "U.S. Department of Education Ends Biden’s Book Ban Hoax," accessed January 28, 2025
    17. ↑ Casetext.com, "Section 14.03.016 - A parent's right to direct the education of the parent's child," November 13, 2024
    18. ↑ Law.Justia.com, "AK Stat § 14.33.120 (2023) - School disciplinary and safety program," November 13, 2024
    19. ↑ The United States Supreme Court, "Mahmoud et al. v. Taylor et al." Accessed July 7, 2025
    20. ↑ Law.Justia.com, "Alaska Stat § 14.33.120 (2023) - School disciplinary and safety program," November 13, 2024
    21. ↑ The White House, "Reinstating Common Sense School Discipline Policies," April 30, 2025
    22. ↑ Casetext.com, "Alaska Admin Code 06.210," November 13, 2024
    23. ↑ Casetext.com, "Section 14.03.250 - Application for charter school," November 13, 2024
    24. ↑ Legiscan, "Alaska House Bill 57," accessed May 27, 2025
    25. ↑ Alaska Department of Education and Early Development, "Resolution of the Alaska State Board of Education and Early Development in support or Resolution on Restricting the Use of Cellular Devices During School Hours," November 13, 2024
    26. ↑ National Education Association, "Collective Bargaining: What it is and How it Works", accessed October 3, 2024.
    27. ↑ National Education Association, "The Benefits of Collective Bargaining in Education", accessed October 3, 2024
    28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Alaska Department of Administration, "Collective Bargaining Agreement between the state of Alaska and the Teachers Education Association - Mt. Edgecumbe," November 13, 2024
    29. ↑ Alaska Legislature, "Sec. 14.03.016. A parent's right to direct the education of the parent's child." November 14, 2024
    30. ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "Percentage of public schools with various safety and security measures: Selected school years, 1999-2000 through 2021-22," accessed August 8, 2024
    31. ↑ Legiscan, "Alaska House Bill 57," accessed May 27, 2025
    32. ↑ Alaska News Source, "Mental health education bill backed by Senate; headed to the House," March 18, 2-24.
    33. ↑ The Alaska State Legislature, "Re: CSSB 24 relating to mental health education," March 18, 2024.
    34. ↑ The Alaska State Legislature, "CS for Senate Bill No. 24 (FIN)," March 18, 2024.
    35. ↑ Juneau Empire, "'Parental rights' bill expanded to require parents' OK for entire curriculum," August 26, 2023
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