United States Senate runoff election in Louisiana, 2014/Keystone Pipeline
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December 6, 2014 |
November 4, 2014 |
Bill Cassidy  |
Mary Landrieu  |
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Bill Cassidy |
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Cook Political Report: Lean R[1] Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely R[2] |
• Connections to Pres. Obama • Social Security • Media • Voting analysis and trends |
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Long-time supporters of the Keystone XL Pipeline, Sen. Mary Landrieu and Rep. Bill Cassidy, spear-headed an effort to approve the completion of the project. The House passed Cassidy's bill, H.R.5682, by a vote of 252-161 on November 14, but an identical pipeline bill was defeated in the Senate 59-41 on November 18.[3] Landrieu and Cassidy were vocal in their support for the completion of the Keystone XL Pipeline because of the economic benefits to the citizens of Louisiana.[4][5]
2014 legislative actions
Members of the Senate, who resisted holding a vote on the pipeline while the Obama administration conducted a six-year review of the project, defeated a version of Cassidy's proposed legislation, H.R.5682, 59-41 on November 18.[6][5]
According to The Wall Street Journal, "Ms. Landrieu expressed confidence that there are 60 'yes' votes needed to pass the legislation, though independent political analysts have said the number likely falls just short of that because of a lack of support among Democratic senators."[7]
Republicans in the House responded to Senate Democrats with their own political gamesmanship by scheduling a vote on H.R.5682, the pipeline bill sponsored by Cassidy, for Friday, November 14. A majority of the Republican-controlled House voted in support of the pipeline several times. The bill passed 252-161.[8]
If the completion of the pipeline had been approved, it was unclear as to whether President Barack Obama would have vetoed the bill. White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said,"The administration has taken a dim view of these kinds of legislative proposals in the past. It's fair to say that our dim view of these kinds of proposals has not changed."[9]
The votes in the House and Senate took place as Landrieu and Cassidy battled it out on the campaign trail. Landrieu and Cassidy were vocal in their support for the completion of the Keystone XL pipeline because of the economic benefits to the citizens of Louisiana.[10]
In her speech on the Senate floor, Landrieu, who was chair of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, called for Democrats and Republicans to come together and support the pipeline. She said, "I believe that we should take the new majority leader at his word and stop blocking legislation that is broadly supported by the American public and has been for quite some time. I want to say yes to majority leader — new majority leader Mitch McConnell. The time to start is now."[11]
Cassidy, who served on the Energy and Commerce Committee, responded to Landrieu's call for a vote saying, "[it] is easy to wonder if the Senate is only considering this because of politics, even so, I hope the Senate and the president do the right thing and pass this legislation creating thousands of jobs."[11]
Incoming Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell announced that, if elected, Cassidy would be a member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. McConnell said, "I'm confident Cassidy will use this position to succeed where Sen. Landrieu failed."[12]
According to a survey conducted by Pew Research November 6-9, "A majority of Americans (59%) favor building the Keystone XL pipeline; that is little changed from March of this year (61%), but down seven points from March 2013. Currently, 83% of Republicans favor building the pipeline, virtually unchanged from March 2013, but Democratic support has fallen 11 points since then, from 54% to 43%."[13]
Keystone XL Pipeline timeline
November 18, 2014
- The Senate defeated S.2280, which would have immediately authorized the continuation of the Keystone XL pipeline on November 18, 2014. The bill failed 59-41.[5]
November 18, 2014
- After the pipeline bill was defeated Landrieu said, "I came here 18 years ago, fighting to get here, fighting to stay here, and I’m going to fight for the people of my state until the day that I leave — I hope that will not be soon. There’s only joy in the fight. Where I come from, we just never talk about quitting, and we don’t talk about whining.”[5]
November 14, 2014
- The House passed H.R.5682, which authorized TransCanada "to construct, connect, operate, and maintain the pipeline and cross-border facilities specified in an application filed by TransCanada Corporation to the Department of State" on May 4, 2012."[14][8]
November 12, 2014
- Cassidy: Cassidy introduced H.R.5682 in the House to approve the Keystone XL Pipeline. He said, "The House has passed legislation to expedite the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline eight times. The Senate did not consider any of the eight. I will now pass a bill identical to the bill the Senate is said to consider to push this issue forward. If the Senate also passes the bill it can go straight to the President's desk for signature. It is easy to wonder if the Senate is only considering this because of politics, even so, I hope the Senate and the President do the right thing and pass this legislation creating thousands of jobs. When I'm on the Senate Energy Committee next year, I will work to ensure the President follows the law and allows the construction of this pipeline."[15]
June 30, 2014
- Landrieu: Before a meeting with Obama Landrieu said, “I’m not giving up until it is built. I’ve been in a lot of tough fights over the years, and the ones that matter the most are the toughest. I won’t give up on Keystone until we get it built, and I will press for a vote on the Senate floor.”[16]
June 28, 2014
- Cassidy: Cassidy delivered the following remarks during the weekly Republican address: "There are common sense solutions to provide you opportunity. One is the Keystone XL Pipeline. The State Department says that building this pipeline creates 42,000 direct and indirect jobs, has a negligible impact upon the environment and saves lives as there are fewer accidents shipping oil by pipeline instead of rail or truck. Unfortunately, President Obama continues to oppose job-creating projects, such as Keystone. Sadly, Democrats in Washington stand with President Obama rather than standing with hardworking families in Louisiana and elsewhere. They would rather your family struggle than offend their political base. President Obama and his allies like Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid are more interested in rolling out the red tape than the red carpet for these jobs. Together, we must stop Harry Reid and the senators who support him from blocking the Keystone XL pipeline – blocking the jobs, the opportunity that it creates. It’s time to retire Harry Reid as the leader of the Senate."[17]
June 26, 2014
June 18, 2014
- Cassidy: “This President’s refusal to build the Keystone XL pipeline is forcing our closest ally to create jobs in China rather than here in the U.S. The Senate should be focused on creating jobs—not enabling the President’s hostility to oil and gas jobs. The President must stop disregarding thousands of workers, the people he is supposed to represent, who want these jobs. American workers are ready to build—the President and Senator Reid should let them.”[19]
May 1, 2014
- Cassidy: “For five years, President Obama and Senate Democrats have refused to act on policies that would unleash America's energy economy, like the Keystone XL pipeline. While we are glad Senate Majority Leader Reid and Senator Landrieu took our advice and are finally acting on something that should have been addressed more than 2,000 days ago, the Senate's bill has concerns. The House has already passed legislation, and voted 7 times, to get this pipeline, and future pipelines, built without presidential politics. Building the Keystone pipeline helps our families, our workers and our national security. On behalf of the people of Louisiana, we will continue to push to get this built.”[20]
May 1, 2014
- Landrieu: Landrieu and Hoeven, introduced S.2280 which would have immediately authorized the continuation of the Keystone XL pipeline. Landrieu said, "The construction of the Keystone pipeline is very important to create thousands of high-paying jobs, push our economy forward and send a signal to the world that North America intends to step up to the competition and become an energy powerhouse. The review process has been thorough. The five studies that have been conducted, as required by law, are complete. It is time to stop studying and start building. We cannot lose this opportunity to create tens of thousands of jobs and $20 billion in economic activity. The legislation Sen. Hoeven and I have introduced will green-light the construction of the pipeline immediately. This pipeline is clearly in our national interest, and I urge all senators to join Sen. Hoeven and me to support this bill.”[21]
April 18, 2014
- The State Department announced it was "indefinitely extending the inter-agency review of the pipeline, citing ongoing litigation over a Nebraska law that allowed the pipeline’s route through the state," according to The Wall Street Journal.[22]
April 18, 2014
- Cassidy: “There is nothing preventing the Obama Administration from approving the Keystone XL pipeline. The long delay has already strained ties with our largest trading partner and denied work to potentially thousands of Louisiana energy workers. If the President were truly interested in a better economy with well-paying jobs and good benefits, he would have approved this five years ago.”[23]
March 13, 2014
- Sen. Ed Markey: Markey introduced S.2136, "A bill to ensure that oil transported through the Keystone XL pipeline into the United States is used to reduce United States dependence on Middle Eastern oil."[24]
March 13, 2014
- Landrieu: During a hearing on the State Department’s 2015 budget, Landrieu urged Secretary of State John Kerry to approve the pipeline. She said, "Canada is our closest, strongest trading partner support Keystone. It is hard for me to understand why there are still questions about whether building this pipeline is in our national interest."[25]
February 19, 2014
- "A district court judge in Nebraska declare[d] the law that allowed for the pipeline’s route through the state unconstitutional. It’s now awaiting review at the Nebraska Supreme Court," according to The Wall Street Journal.[22]
January 31, 2014
- The State Department released "its final environmental impact statement, finding—as the previous one did—that the pipeline would not significantly exacerbate climate change," according to 'The Wall Street Journal.[22]
January 31, 2014
- Landrieu: After a report was released by the State Department indicating that the Keystone XL Pipeline would have "no significant environmental impact", Landrieu said, "With 43,000 jobs and a more energy-independent America on the line, this new study underscores what has been said all along about Keystone XL Pipeline: it’s time to build. This single project will inject billions of dollars into Louisiana and national economies and reduce our dependence on oil from hostile countries. Once again, another study has concluded that the Keystone XL Pipeline will have no significant impact on our environment. If we wait any longer to approve this project, we risk losing it for good. The studies are complete and the country is ready. I urge the Administration to act swiftly and give final approval so we can put people to work in these good-paying jobs right away and our refineries in Louisiana and Texas can keep refining this energy from our friendly ally, Canada.”[26]
January 31, 2014
- Cassidy: “This study confirms what bi-partisan Members of Congress have said for several years: the Keystone pipeline will not damage our environment. The Keystone XL pipeline will create 20,000 direct jobs and hundreds of thousands of indirect jobs, while providing energy from a reliable ally. The President should approve the pipeline as quickly as possible.”[27]
November 12, 2013
- Landrieu: Landrieu met with Alberta Premier Alison Redford to discuss the Keystone XL pipeline. Landrieu said, "I'm so honored to have the Premier here in my office to talk about an issue of critical importance for our neighborhood: Canada, the United States and Mexico. This is a neighborhood we should care for, value and secure, and the Keystone pipeline is an important part of our energy security. A pipeline that is mindful of our environment, that is sensitive to the needs of clean air and clean water, and a pipeline that can give us the jobs and economic opportunity we need. The keystone pipeline should have been approved years ago and it needs to be approved as soon as possible. I'm going to do everything I can working with colleagues on both sides of the aisle to get the pipeline built, use the great refining capacity of Louisiana and Texas, and harness the capacity for investment in clean environmental technology to help produce the energy that our neighborhood needs."[28]
September 14, 2013
- Landrieu: "As we debate this energy bill that aims to move us toward energy independence, I cannot think of a better way to achieve that goal than by building the Keystone pipeline. The time for studying is over. It's time to start building this important pipeline."[29]
August 29, 2013
- Landrieu: Landrieu, Max Baucus (D-Mont.), John Hoeven (R-ND) and John Thune (R-SD) called for the Obama administration to approve the construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline. Landrieu said, "Time is up for President Obama to approve the Keystone XL pipeline. We cannot miss this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to grow our economy, secure our energy independence and reduce our oil imports from countries that do not share our values."[30]
August 1, 2013
- Cassidy: After the House approved the Energy Consumers Relief Act Cassidy said, “President Obama is leading an assault on energy workers. Whether it’s hindering oil drilling in the Gulf or delaying the Keystone XL pipeline, his policies hurt Americans and leave us dependent on foreign oil. The passage of my Energy Consumers Relief Act is the first step toward checking his agenda. It pushes the EPA regulatory process out in the open. It simply says that Americans should know whether EPA regulations will kill jobs. This will create an honest debate which will force the President to account for his actions.”[31]
July 31, 2013
- Landrieu: Landrieu introduced S.Con.Res.21, which expressed that building the Keystone XL Pipeline was in the nation's best interest.[32]
July 31, 2013
- Landrieu: “We have studied this project for long enough. We know its tremendous economic benefits and the critical role it will have for our nation’s energy security. With Nebraska now on board, every state involved has realized this project is a job creator with minimal effects on the environment,” Landrieu said.[33]
May 22, 2013
- Cassidy: Cassidy voted for H.R. 3 to authorize the completion of the Keystone XL Pipeline. He said, “We need to seize every opportunity to create jobs for Louisiana and America. The Keystone XL Pipeline will transport affordable oil and gas from our ally, Canada. It will create thousands of jobs and provide a tax revenue boost for communities across the country. We need to build this pipeline as quickly as possible. It’s right for America’s energy security.”[34]
May 22, 2013
- Rep. Daniel Webster: H.Res.228 passed in the House by a vote of 228 - 185. The bill set "forth the rule for consideration of the bill (H.R. 3) to approve the construction, operation, and maintenance of the Keystone XL pipeline."[35]
March 22, 2013
- Hoeven: The Senate passed Hoeven's S.Amdt. 494: "To establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to promote investment and job growth in United States manufacturing, oil and gas production, and refining sectors through the construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline."[36] It passed by a vote of 62 - 37.
March 14, 2014
- Sen. John Hoeven: Hoeven introduced S.582, "A bill to approve the Keystone XL Pipeline."[37]
January 23, 2013
- Landrieu: "It is time for the President to look anew at this project and approve it for the benefit of the country. Not only will it create thousands of jobs and inject billions of dollars into our economy, it will strengthen our energy security by allowing us to import more oil from our trusted friend and ally Canada, instead of from Venezuela or nations in the Middle East. For decades, Louisiana has proudly refined oil from onshore, offshore and from overseas - we are eager to see the Keystone Pipeline approved so we can start refining more oil from Canada."[38]
December 1, 2012
- Landrieu: "It's just a no-brainer. Canada is going to export this oil. It's either going to come to the U.S. or it's going to go to Russia or China. Even Democrats that aren't really excited about oil and gas development generally can figure that out."[39]
May 18, 2012
- The House passed "a Motion to Instruct Conferees on H.R. 4348 to insist on Title II of the House bill regarding approval of the Keystone XL Pipeline." The motion passed 261-152 on May 18, 2012.[22]
May 4, 2012
- TransCanada submitted a second request for a permit to the State Department.[22]
March 29, 2012
- The House passed H.R. 4348, which among other actions, required the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to approve the Keystone XL Pipeline permit within 30 days. The bill passed 293-127 on April 18, 2012.[40]
March 29, 2012
- Cassidy: In an op-ed, Cassidy laid out a plan for decreasing the price of gas and stabilizing the marketplace. He said, "Finally, the Obama Administration can give the green light to the rest of the proposed Keystone XL pipeline, which at full capacity can bring an additional 750,000 barrels of oil down from Canada to refineries in the United States. Contrary to popular belief, most oil imported into the United States does not come from the Middle East but rather from our friends and neighbors in Canada. Developing the Keystone XL pipeline will strengthen this important relationship, provide us with an abundant supply of energy and create thousands of jobs in the process."[41]
March 29, 2012
- The Senate passed S.1813, which among other actions, required the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to approve the Keystone XL Pipeline permit within 30 days. The bill passed 74 - 22 on March 14, 2012.[42]
March 8, 2012
- The Senate rejected S.Amdt. 1537 to S. 1813, which would have approved the Keystone XL pipeline project. It failed by a vote of 56-42 on March 8, 2012.[43]
March 8, 2012
- Landrieu: Landrieu commented on the vote saying, "We would rather build up the capacity in North America for energy that we need than have to rely on far-flung places of the world, whether it's the continent of Africa or the Mideast. If we continue to drill more at home ... and continue to conserve ... we can make a great deal of headway.”[44]
January 20, 2012
- Cassidy: Cassidy argued that the pipeline would add 20,000 U.S. jobs along with many indirect jobs. He said, “In 1958, my family moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana so my dad could sell life insurance to the men and women working in the petro-chemical plants. Now that is an indirect job. My family’s livelihood depended on my dad’s ability to sell to those men and women who are more prosperous because of jobs such as these. This is the same sort of indirect job will absolutely will have ripple effect throughout the economy.”[45]
January 18, 2012
- Cassidy: "President Obama's own economic advisors believe that pipeline construction is critical to the creation of American jobs. Yet, the Obama Administration has decided to reject the advice of their own experts at the expense of the American worker. The rejection of the Keystone XL pipeline is a loss for our economy and our energy security. The construction of the pipeline would have created at least 20,000 direct, blue-collar American jobs and more than 100,000 indirect jobs. It would cut in half the amount of oil we import from the Middle East and Venezuela, decreasing the cost of gasoline. House Republicans will continue pushing the Obama Administration to reconsider this decision and do the right thing for American workers."[46]
January 18, 2012
- Obama rejected TransCanada's permit.[22]
November 10, 2011
- President Barack Obama delayed a decision on the pipeline until after the 2012 election.[22]
August 26, 2011
- After a review of the Keystone XL Pipeline project, the State Department concluded that "it wouldn’t add significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere."[22]
July 26, 2011
- The House passed H.R. 1938, the North American-Made Energy Security Act. The bill required that a decision on the Keystone XL pipeline be made by November 1, 2011. The bill passed 279-147 on July 26, 2011.[47]
September 19, 2008
- TransCanada filed for a cross-border permit.[22]
Keystone key votes
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Keystone XL Pipeline
According to FactCheck.org, "The pipeline would be built by TransCanada Corp. and would run 1,179 miles from Hardisty, Alberta, to Steele City, Neb., where it would connect with existing pipelines to refineries on the Gulf Coast. The U.S. segment would be 875 miles long, running through Montana, South Dakota and Nebraska. The 36-inch diameter line could carry up to 830,000 barrels (nearly 35 million gallons) of oil per day."[48]
Key votesVote on S.2280:
Public statementsVote on S.2280: After the pipeline bill was defeated Landrieu said, "I came here 18 years ago, fighting to get here, fighting to stay here, and I’m going to fight for the people of my state until the day that I leave — I hope that will not be soon. There’s only joy in the fight. Where I come from, we just never talk about quitting, and we don’t talk about whining.”[5] |
Key votesVote on H.R.5682:
Public statementsVote on H.R.5682:
After the pipeline bill passed in the House Cassidy said, "If the Senate fails to pass this now, they are ignoring a majority of Americans who support the pipeline and the thousands of jobs it will bring."[56]
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See also
- United States Senate runoff election in Louisiana, 2014
- United States Senate elections in Louisiana, 2014
- United States Senate elections, 2014
- United States Senate
- Louisiana elections, 2014
- United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana, 2014
- U.S. Senate delegation from Louisiana
- United States congressional delegations from Louisiana
- Mary Landrieu (D)
- Bill Cassidy (R)
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 SENATE ELECTION RESULTS BY RACE RATING," accessed November 3, 2014
- ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 Senate Races," accessed November 24, 2014
- ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "House Passes Bill to Approve Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ USA Today, "Landrieu keeps Obama at arm's length in re-election race," accessed October 9, 2014
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 New York Times, "Senate Vote 280 - Defeats Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 19, 2014
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedHR5682 - ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Rival Louisiana Lawmakers Push Keystone Pipeline Bills," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 The Wall Street Journal, "House Passes Bill to Approve Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ USA Today, "Obama team hints at Keystone veto," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ USA Today, "Landrieu keeps Obama at arm's length in re-election race," accessed October 9, 2014
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 NPR, "House, Senate To Vote On Keystone After Landrieu Calls For Vote," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ CNN, "Landrieu pushes for Keystone pipeline vote," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ Pew Research, "Little Enthusiasm, Familiar Divisions After the GOP’s Big Midterm Victory," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5682 - To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy Introduces Bill To Approve Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Heartland.org, "Landrieu Strikes Out with Obama, Reid on Keystone Pipeline," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ GOP.com, "U.S. Representative Bill Cassidy (LA-6) Delivers Weekly Republican Address," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2554," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy Comments on Canada’s Approval of Pipeline to Send Oil Overseas," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy, Scalise, Fleming, Boustany, McAllister Statement on Senate’s Keystone Pipeline Legislation," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Landrieu.Senate.gov, "Landrieu, Hoeven Introduce Bill to Build Keystone Pipeline," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 ‘’Energy and Commerce Committee’’, “Keystone XL: #TimeToBuild," accessed November 20, 2014 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "time" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "time" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy Comments on New Keystone Pipeline Delay," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2136," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ The Wall Street Journal', "Sen. Landrieu Steps Up Pressure on Kerry to Clear Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ Landrieu.Senate.gov, "Landrieu: No New Reports Needed, Time to Build Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy Urges Obama to Approve Keystone Following Environmental Study," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Landrieu.Senate.gov, "Landrieu Discusses Importance of Keystone XL Pipeline with Premier of Alberta," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ USA Today, "Congress turns on the pressure over Keystone pipeline," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ The Washington Examiner, "Senators demand Obama approve delayed Keystone XL pipeline," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy Energy Consumers Relief Act Passes House," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.21," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Daily Caller, "Senate Dems Break with Obama on Keystone," accessed November 13, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy Votes To Build Keystone Pipeline," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.228," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.494 to S.Con.Res.8," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.582," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ 'Landrieu.Senate.gov, "Landrieu Calls on Obama to Approve Keystone Pipeline," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Huffington Post, "Keystone Pipeline Decision Puts Mounting Pressure On Obama," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4348 - MAP-21," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ NOLA.com, "Solutions to high gas prices are within reach: Bill Cassidy," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1813 - MAP-21," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ Senate.gov, "U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 112th Congress - 2nd Session," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ Politico, "Senate sends message to Obama on Keystone," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ ABC News, "GOP Plots Path Around President on Keystone Pipeline," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy denounces President's decision on Keystone XL pipeline," accessed November 14, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1938 - North American-Made Energy Security Act," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ FactCheck.org, "Pipeline Primer," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.494 to S.Con.Res.8," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1813 - MAP-21," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ Senate.gov, "U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 112th Congress - 2nd Session," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5682 - To approve the Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.228," accessed November 17, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4348 - MAP-21," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1938 - North American-Made Energy Security Act," accessed November 20, 2014
- ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "House Passes Bill to Approve Keystone XL Pipeline," accessed November 19, 2014
- ↑ Cassidy.House.gov, "Cassidy Votes To Build Keystone Pipeline," accessed November 14, 2014
