California's 7th Congressional District elections, 2014
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 50.4% | 92,521 | ||
| Republican | Doug Ose | 49.6% | 91,066 | |
| Total Votes | 183,587 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State | ||||
On November 19, 2014, more than two weeks after the Nov. 4 general election, incumbent Ami Bera (D) was declared the winner in the nation's most expensive House race of the 2014 election cycle with a total price tag of $20,721,764.[3]
After winning, Bera said, "It's been my honor serving this community as a doctor for the last nineteen years, and I am grateful I will have the opportunity to continue serving as the representative for California's 7th Congressional District in Congress."[4]
Ballotpedia identified California's 7th Congressional District as a battleground district because it only slightly favored Democrats, and Obama won the district by 5 percent or less in 2008 and 2012. Additionally, Bera was identified as a vulnerable incumbent by the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC).[5]
Fueled by more than $13 million from outside groups, citizens of California's 7th Congressional District were bombarded with ads opposing candidates in this battleground district. With the help of the DCCC, freshman incumbent Bera, who won election in 2012 by only 3.4 percent, accused his challenger Doug Ose (R) of getting rich while he served in Congress.[6] Ose represented California's 3rd Congressional District from 1999 to 2005. With the help of the National Republican Congressional Committee, Ose tied Bera to Nancy Pelosi and President Barack Obama and accused him of supporting a $716 billion dollar cut to Medicaid.[7]
Despite the call from president and CEO of News & Review newspapers, Jeff vonKaenel, for the candidates and super PACs to focus on issues instead of spreading lies through "slime-filled" ads, Californians continued seeing Bera and Ose critique each other on the airwaves up until Election Day.[8]
During his concession speech, Ose criticized the political system and attacks on his professional success. He said, "Let me begin by saying that I celebrate the fact that our institutions and our laws provide us a system whereby elections can be peacefully resolved. I congratulate Congressman Bera on his victory. I regret that one of the themes in this election appears to have been that successful people by the very nature of their success are unworthy of elective office. In fact, people who are successful in the private sector are exactly the people we want to step forward and run for public office."[4]
In their only scheduled debate held October 8, Bera and Ose's major point of disagreement was healthcare. Ose argued that he was in favor of replacing the Affordable Care Act with a bill that would not “kill jobs”. He also expressed concern that the Affordable Care Act “strips 716 billion dollars from Medicare, which is a safety net that our seniors have come to rely upon.”[9] Bera, a doctor, supported fixing the Affordable Care Act. He said, “Now, the Affordable Care Act is not the solution that I would have come up with as a doctor and a healthcare expert, but it is now the law. So let’s take this law. Let’s fix it and let’s make it better.”[9]
The race was labeled a toss-up by Real Clear Politics and The Rothenberg Political Report.[10][11][12]
| Candidate Filing Deadline | Primary Election | General Election |
|---|---|---|
Primary: California uses a top-two primary system, in which all candidates appear on the same ballot. The top two vote-getters, regardless of party affiliation, move on to the general election. In states that do not use a top-two system, all parties are usually able to put forward a candidate for the general election if they choose to.[13][14]
Unlike the top-two format used in some states (Louisiana and Georgia special elections for example), a general election between the top-two candidates in California occurs regardless of whether the top candidate received 50% of the vote in the first round of elections.
As of October 2025, California was one of five states to use a top-two primary system, or a variation of the top-two system for some or all statewide primaries. See here for more information.
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Voter registration: To vote in the primary, voters had to register by May 19, 2014. For the general election, the voter registration deadline was October 20, 2014 (the 15th calendar day before that election).[15]
- See also: California elections, 2014
Incumbent: Heading into the election the incumbent was Ami Bera (D), who was first elected in 2012.
As of the 2010 redistricting cycle, California's 7th Congressional District was located in the central portion of the state and included much of Sacramento County.[16]
Candidates
General election candidates
June 3, 2014, primary results
Ami Bera - Incumbent 
Igor Birman
Elizabeth Emken - 2012 Republican candidate for U.S. Senate[17]
Doug Ose 
Douglas Arthur Tuma
Phill Tufi
Election results
General election
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 50.4% | 92,521 | ||
| Republican | Doug Ose | 49.6% | 91,066 | |
| Total Votes | 183,587 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State | ||||
Primary election
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic |
|
46.7% | 51,878 | |
| Republican | 26.4% | 29,307 | ||
| Republican | Igor Birman | 17.5% | 19,431 | |
| Republican | Elizabeth Emken | 7.1% | 7,924 | |
| Libertarian | Art Tuma | 1.5% | 1,629 | |
| Independent | Phill Tufi | 0.8% | 869 | |
| Total Votes | 111,038 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State |
||||
Race background
Vulnerable incumbent
Bera was identified as a vulnerable incumbent in 2014. He was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline Program, which was designed to help protect vulnerable Democratic incumbents heading into the 2014 election.[5]
Blanket primary
While Bera was almost certain to advance past the blanket primary on June 5, his general election opponent could have meant the difference between whether he was re-elected or ousted in November. Ose, the Republican frontrunner in the race, defeated the other Republican candidates in the primary.[18] Bera would likely have preferred to face Igor Birman in the general election, who was seen as being more conservative than Ose. Ose had a reputation of being a moderate Republican. Ose led the other Republican candidates in polling and fundraising prior to the primary.[18]
Satellite spending
With a total price tag of $20,721,764, the race for California's 7th Congressional District seat was the most expensive House race of the 2014 election cycle. Bera raised $3,727,211 while Ose raised $3,215,639. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) were the top two outside groups who spent money in this race. The DCCC spent $4,561,579 and the NRCC spent $3,213,304.[3]
Bera commented on the satellite spending in the race saying, "They want to buy Doug Ose's vote, and they're spending millions of dollars to get that vote. So, what we have to do is, as the people who live here, we have to rise up and say our democracy is about fighting for our community."[19]
Ose commented on the DCCC's spending saying, "The reality is the Democratic side wouldn't be spending two and a half or three million dollars on this race if they didn't know they had a problem."[19]
Debate
In their only scheduled debate held October 8, Bera and Ose agreed that California’s “Yes Means Yes” law, “which creates the standard on all California campuses that the absence of no does not mean consent for sex” helps protect women.[9] They also partially agreed on how to address the nation’s immigration problem. Ose said, “I think the first step that we need to take on immigration is to secure our borders and our ports of entry to prevent additional individuals coming in here that we don’t know who they are or where they come from.”[9] Bera agreed that the border needed to be secured and added, “I am a co-sponsor, though, of the comprehensive immigration bill that passed in a bipartisan way out of the Senate.”[9] Bera, however, did not address whether or not he supported amnesty for those in the country illegally.
When asked about California’s three-year drought hurting farmers and resulting in rising food costs, Bera argued that he helped get funding for Folsom Dam. He said, “When completed, that will allow us to hold on to more water during dry years and then we obviously also have a flood risk here so in years that are really wet it will keep our community more safe. We’ve got to increase storage capacity. We’ve done dozens of workshops working with the residents in the community and the water districts to let people know what they can do as well, and Sacramento County residents should be very proud of themselves. We’ve reduced our water consumption by about 20 percent. Now, we’ve got a ways to go.” [9]
Ose countered by accusing Bera of declining “to make any effort to reduce the outflows from Folsom Dam.” He said, “For the past 15 months, I’ve been talking about reducing the outflows from Folsom Dam because of the very real possibility that we’re going to need that water, and here we are. We need the water. Congressman Bera has declined to make any effort to reduce the outflows from Folsom Dam. He has today, or recently at least, come out in opposition to the tunnels which is opposite of what he was in 2010 when he was in favor of the tunnels. My problem here is we need solutions. We’ve got to protect our water resources and stop spending it – excuse me, stop sending it south. You understand, please, additional releases from Folsom Dam constitute taking our water and sending it south to Los Angeles. Congressman Bera has not spoken up on this. He has not picked up the phone and talked to the bureau about reducing outflows. That’s why we’re sending out thousands of feet per hour more than are flowing into Folsom. That has to stop.”[9]
Their major point of disagreement was healthcare. Ose argued that he was in favor of replacing the Affordable Care Act with a bill that would not “kill jobs”. He explained, “And while there are a couple things within the 3,000 pages of the Affordable Care Act that have merit, the vast majority of the bill is not consistent with the needs of this country. What we need to do is make sure that people can have coverage for pre-existing conditions, that we allow them to shop across state lines to get the best deal, and that we allow them to pick their own doctor." He also expressed concern that the Affordable Care Act “strips 716 billion dollars from Medicare, which is a safety net that our seniors have come to rely upon.”[9]
Bera, a doctor, supported fixing the Affordable Care Act. He said, “Now, the Affordable Care Act is not the solution that I would have come up with as a doctor and a healthcare expert, but it is now the law. So let’s take this law. Let’s fix it and let’s make it better. Let’s address the cost of care. That’s why I’ve worked across the aisle to come up with no-nonsense solutions working with Republicans like the Small Business and Family Relief Act that helps lower the cost of care to the average Sacramento County family. That would be $600 a year on average right back into their pockets.”[9]
The debate ended with each candidate attacking the other. Ose argued that Bera had hurt seniors by cutting $716 billion from Medicare. Bera argued that Ose would only protect the interests of Wall Street bankers, if he was elected.
Polls
| General election | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Ami Bera | Doug Ose | Undecided | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||||||||||
| Garin-Hart-Yang (September 17-18, 2014) | 47% | 43% | 10% | +/-4.7 | 406 | ||||||||||||||
| Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org | |||||||||||||||||||
| Primary election | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Ami Bera | Doug Ose | Igor Birman | Elizabeth Emken | Undecided | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||||||||
| DCCC internal poll (May 1-2, 2014) | 47% | 22% | 17% | 7% | 7% | +/-4.1 | 567 | ||||||||||||
| Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org | |||||||||||||||||||
Media
Igor Birman
|
|
Doug Ose
|
|
Issues
Ami Bera
Bera's campaign website listed the following issues:[20]
| “ |
|
” |
| —Ami Bera's campaign website, http://www.beraforcongress.com/issues | ||
Doug Ose
Ose's campaign website listed the following issues:[22]
| “ |
|
” |
| —Doug Ose's campaign website, http://www.dougose.com/issues | ||
Key votes
Below are important votes cast by Bera during the 113th Congress.
HR 644
- See also: Bowe Bergdahl exchange
On September 9, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 644, a resolution criticizing President Barack Obama's act of exchanging five Guantanamo Bay prisoners for Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl.[23][24] The House voted 249-163 for resolution, with all Republicans and 22 Democrats supporting the bill. Fourteen Democrats and five Republicans did not vote on the resolution, while all other Democrats opposed its passage.[24] Ami Bera dissented from the majority of the Democratic party and voted in favor of the bill.[23][24]
Government shutdown
- See also: United States budget debate, 2013
On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.[25] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.[26] Ami Bera voted against the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.[27]
The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.[28] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Ami Bera voted for HR 2775.[29]
Campaign contributions
Ami Bera
| Ami Bera (2014) Campaign Finance Reports | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Report | Date Filed | Beginning Balance | Total Contributions for Reporting Period | Expenditures | Cash on Hand | ||||
| April Quarterly[30] | April 15, 2013 | $107,506.27 | $303,492.73 | $(80,953.03) | $330,045.97 | ||||
| July Quarterly[31] | July 15, 2013 | $330,045.97 | $272,095.66 | $(97,097.63) | $505,044.00 | ||||
| October Quarterly[32] | October 15, 2013 | $505,044.00 | $462,073.51 | $(68,369.39) | $898,748.12 | ||||
| Year-End[33] | January 31, 2014 | $898,748 | $340,671 | $(87,782) | $1,151,637 | ||||
| April Quarterly[34] | April 15, 2014 | $1,151,637 | $491,299 | $(173,962) | $1,468,974 | ||||
| Pre-Primary[35] | May 22, 2014 | $1,468,974 | $281,601 | $(152,654) | $1,597,921 | ||||
| July Quarterly[36] | July 15, 2014 | $1,597,921 | $439,933 | $(71,635) | $1,966,219 | ||||
| October Quarterly[37] | October 15, 2014 | $1,966,219 | $892,403 | $(2,044,043) | $814,579 | ||||
| Pre-General[38] | October 24, 2014 | $814,579 | $248,978 | $(717,058) | $346,500 | ||||
| Running totals | |||||||||
| $3,732,546.9 | $(3,493,554.05) | ||||||||
Doug Ose
| Doug Ose (2014) Campaign Finance Reports | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Report | Date Filed | Beginning Balance | Total Contributions for Reporting Period | Expenditures | Cash on Hand | ||||
| April Quarterly[39] | April 15, 2013 | $25,667.22 | $0.00 | $(0.00) | $25,667.22 | ||||
| July Quarterly[40] | July 15, 2013 | $25,667.22 | $9,200.00 | $(2,210.77) | $32,656.45 | ||||
| October Quarterly[41] | October 15, 2013 | $32,656.45 | $489,267.15 | $(265,680.94) | $256,242.66 | ||||
| Year-End[42] | January 31, 2014 | $256,242 | $129,984 | $(109,060) | $277,166 | ||||
| April Quarterly[43] | April 16, 2014 | $277,166 | $481,476 | $(341,002) | $417,640 | ||||
| Pre-Primary[44] | May 22, 2014 | $417,640 | $120,853 | $(324,160) | $214,334 | ||||
| July Quarterly[45] | July 15, 2014 | $214,334 | $332,785 | $(343,298) | $203,820 | ||||
| October Quarterly[46] | October 15, 2014 | $203,820 | $1,058,811 | $(991,241) | $271,390 | ||||
| Pre-General[47] | October 23, 2014 | $271,390 | $843,259 | $(625,694) | $488,954 | ||||
| Running totals | |||||||||
| $3,465,635.15 | $(3,002,346.71) | ||||||||
Igor Birman
| Igor Birman (2014) Campaign Finance Reports | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Report | Date Filed | Beginning Balance | Total Contributions for Reporting Period | Expenditures | Cash on Hand | ||||
| October Quarterly[48] | October 15, 2013 | $0.00 | $162,613.23 | $(23,892.80) | $138,720.43 | ||||
| Year-End[49] | January 31, 2014 | $138,720 | $84,959 | $(99,406) | $124,273 | ||||
| April Quarterly[50] | April 15, 2014 | $124,273 | $110,892 | $(164,811) | $70,354 | ||||
| Pre-Primary[51] | May 22, 2014 | $70,354 | $143,940 | $(168,648) | $45,645 | ||||
| Running totals | |||||||||
| $502,404.23 | $(456,757.8) | ||||||||
Elizabeth Emken
| Elizabeth Emken (2014) Campaign Finance Reports | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Report | Date Filed | Beginning Balance | Total Contributions for Reporting Period | Expenditures | Cash on Hand | ||||
| July Quarterly[52] | July 11, 2013 | $0.00 | $301,819.99 | $(13,644.42) | $288,175.57 | ||||
| October Quarterly[53] | October 15, 2013 | $288,175.57 | $100,573.85 | $(51,854.69) | $336,894.73 | ||||
| Year-End[54] | January 31, 2014 | $336,894 | $48,605 | $(79,372) | $305,826 | ||||
| April Quarterly[55] | April 15, 2014 | $305,826 | $110,679 | $(196,209) | $220,351 | ||||
| Pre-Primary[56] | May 22, 2014 | $220,351 | $50,471 | $(64,757) | $206,065 | ||||
| Running totals | |||||||||
| $612,148.84 | $(405,837.11) | ||||||||
**As of the 2014 Pre-Primary Report, Emken's committee owed $285,000 in outstanding loans to Elizabeth Emken.
Douglas Arthur Tuma
| Douglas Arthur Tuma (2014) Campaign Finance Reports | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Report | Date Filed | Beginning Balance | Total Contributions for Reporting Period | Expenditures | Cash on Hand | ||||
| April Quarterly[57] | September 12, 2013 | $14 | $500 | $(27) | $487 | ||||
| July Quarterly[58] | September 12, 2013 | $487 | $0 | $(27) | $460 | ||||
| October Quarterly[59] | October 16, 2013 | $460 | $0 | $(18) | $442 | ||||
| Year-End[60] | February 3, 2014 | $442 | $0 | $(0) | $442 | ||||
| April Quarterly[61] | April 22, 2014 | $442 | $0 | $(9) | $433 | ||||
| Pre-Primary[62] | June 1, 2014 | $433 | $0 | $(18) | $415 | ||||
| Running totals | |||||||||
| $500 | $(99) | ||||||||
District history
| Candidate ballot access |
|---|
| Find detailed information on ballot access requirements in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. |
2012
On November 6, 2012, Ami Bera (D) won election to the United States House. He defeated Dan Lungren in the general election.
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | 51.7% | 141,241 | ||
| Republican | Dan Lungren Incumbent | 48.3% | 132,050 | |
| Total Votes | 273,291 | |||
| Source: California Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" | ||||
2010
On November 2, 2010, George Miller won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Rick Tubbs (R) in the general election.[63]
| U.S. House, California District 7 General Election, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Democratic | 68.3% | 122,435 | ||
| Republican | Rick Tubbs | 31.7% | 56,764 | |
| Total Votes | 179,199 | |||
See also
- United States House of Representatives elections in California, 2014
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2014
- Battleground Friday: California's 7th Congressional District
- U.S. House battleground districts, 2014
External links
- California Elections & Voter Information
- California Secretary of State, Official primary candidate list
Footnotes
- ↑ Cook Political Report, "2014 HOUSE RACE RATINGS FOR June 26, 2014," accessed July 28, 2014
- ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2014 House Races," accessed July 28, 2014
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 OpenSecrets.org, "Most Expensive Races," accessed October 31, 2014
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 KCRA.com, "Doug Ose concedes, Rep. Bera wins re-election in D7," accessed December 5, 2014
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, "DCCC Chairman Steve Israel Announces 2013-2014 Frontline Members," accessed March 5, 2013
- ↑ Youtube, "No Wonder," accessed October 31, 2014
- ↑ Youtube, "Priorities," accessed October 31, 2014
- ↑ News Review, "Doug Ose and Ami Bera’s despicable attack ads," accessed October 31, 2014
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 CapRadio.org, "Transcript Of Debate Between Ami Bera And Doug Ose, Candidates For U.S. Congress District 7," accessed October 30, 2014 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "debate" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ News Review, "Doug Ose and Ami Bera’s despicable attack ads," accessed October 31, 2014
- ↑ Real Clear Politics, "California 7th District - Ose vs. Bera," accessed October 30, 2014
- ↑ Rothenberg Political Report, "House Ratings," accessed October 30, 2014
- ↑ California Legislative Information, "California Constitution, Article II, Section 5," accessed October 29, 2025
- ↑ California Secretary of State, "Primary Elections in California," accessed October 29, 2025
- ↑ California Secretary of State Website, "Voter Registration," accessed January 3, 2014
- ↑ California Redistricting Map, "Map," accessed September 25, 2012
- ↑ The Sacramento Bee, "Elizabeth Emken eyes challenging Ami Bera in Sacramento seat," February 23, 2013
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Scribd, "CA-07 DCCC IVR (May 2014)," accessed May 7, 2014
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 News 10, "Bera, Ose wage increasingly expensive campaigns for Congress," accessed October 30, 2014
- ↑ Campaign website, "Issues," accessed April 14, 2014
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Campaign website, "Issues," accessed April 14, 2014
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 The Hill, "House votes to condemn administration over Taliban prisoner swap," September 9, 2014
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 485," accessed September 10, 2014
- ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
- ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
- ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera April Quarterly," accessed July 23, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera July Quarterly," accessed July 23, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera October Quarterly," accessed October 21, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera Year-End," accessed February 4, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera April Quarterly," accessed April 21, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera Pre-Primary," accessed June 2, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera July Quarterly," accessed July 23, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera October Quarterly," accessed October 20, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ami Bera Pre-General," accessed November 24, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose April Quarterly," accessed October 29, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose July Quarterly," accessed October 29, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose October Quarterly," accessed October 29, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose Year-End," accessed February 10, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose April Quarterly," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose Pre-Primary," accessed June 2, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose July Quarterly," accessed July 28, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose October Quarterly," accessed October 23, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose Pre-General," accessed November 24, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Igor Birman October Quarterly," accessed October 29, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Igor Birman Year-End," accessed February 10, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Igor Birman April Quarterly," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Igor Birman Pre-Primary," accessed June 2, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Elizabeth Emken July Quarterly," accessed July 28, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Doug Ose October Quarterly," accessed October 29, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Elizabeth Emken Year-End," accessed February 10, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Elizabeth Emken April Quarterly," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Elizabeth Emken Pre-Primary," accessed June 2, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Douglas Arthur Tuma April Quarterly," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Douglas Arthur Tuma July Quarterly," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Douglas Arthur Tuma October Quarterly," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Douglas Arthur Tuma Year-End," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Douglas Arthur Tuma April Quarterly," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Douglas Arthur Tuma Pre-Primary," accessed June 2, 2014
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013