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Results for marijuana and psychedelics ballot measures, 2024
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On November 5, 2024, voters decided on six ballot measures related to drug use policies, including three on recreational marijuana, two on medical marijuana, and one on psychedelics.
Voters rejected marijuana legalization ballot measures in three states—Florida, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Voters in North Dakota and South Dakota decided on legalization initiatives for the third time, following previous defeats and a court-overturned initiative in South Dakota. This was the first time marijuana legalization went before voters in Florida. Voters in Nebraska approved two ballot measures related to legalizing and regulating the medical use of marijuana in the state. Voters in Massachusetts rejected an initiative to legalize natural psychedelic substances, including psilocybin.
This page provides election results for the marijuana- and psychedelics-related ballot measures, as well as campaign finance and historical ballot measure context. Click on the links below to find the following:
- Summaries for measures to watch
- Results for Nov. 5, 2024
- Campaign finance for ballot measures
- Historical context
Watchlist
The following ballot measures are highlighted:
- Florida Amendment 3: Amendment 3 was defeated. The ballot initiative was one of the most expensive ballot measure campaigns of 2024 and, between supporters and opponents, the most expensive marijuana-related ballot measure election on record. The most expensive marijuana legalization ballot measure, before 2024, was California's Proposition 64, which voters approved in 2016. Proposition 64 saw $27.14 million in contributions. Amendment 3 would have legalized recreational marijuana, including the possession of up to three ounces of marijuana. Existing Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers would have been authorized to sell marijuana for personal use. The Florida Democratic Party and former President Donald Trump (R) endorsed Amendment 3, while the Florida Republican Party and Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) oppose the proposal.
- Massachusetts Question 4: Question 4 was defeated. Colorado and Oregon passed ballot initiatives to legalize or decriminalize certain psychedelic substances. Massachusetts would have become the third state to approve such a measure but was the first to reject one. Question 4 would have allowed adults to grow, possess, and use specific psychedelic substances like psilocybin, psilocin, dimethyltryptamine, mescaline, and ibogaine. Individuals could have purchased these substances for supervised use at licensed facilities, but retail sales outside these settings would have been prohibited. Adults would have been permitted to cultivate these substances in their homes, with restrictions, for personal use.
Results
- See also: 2024 ballot measure election results
Summary
The following table summarizes the ballot measure outcomes:
| Outcome of marijuana and psychedelic state ballot measures, 2024 | |||
| Topic | Approved | Defeated | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recreational marijuana | 0 (0%) | 3 (100%) | |
| Medical marijuana | 2 (100%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Psychedelic substances | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | |
State
Recreational marijuana
The following table lists the three ballot measures to legalize marijuana for recreational or personal use and their election results.
| State | Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FL | Amendment 3 | Legalize the recreational or personal use of marijuana |
|
5,950,589 (56%) |
4,693,524 (44%) |
|
| ND | Initiated Measure 5 | Legalize the recreational or personal use of marijuana |
|
172,174 (47%) |
190,548 (53%) |
|
| SD | Initiated Measure 29 | Legalize the recreational or personal use of marijuana |
|
189,916 (44%) |
237,228 (56%) |
Medical marijuana
The following table lists the two ballot measures to legalize marijuana for medical purposes and their election results.
| State | Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NE | Initiative 437 | Legalize the medical use of marijuana in the state |
|
637,126 (71%) |
259,643 (29%) |
|
| NE | Initiative 438 | Establish the Nebraska Medical Cannabis Commission to regulate the state's medical marijuana program |
|
600,481 (67%) |
291,867 (33%) |
Psychedelics
The following table lists the one ballot measure related to psychedelic substances and its election results.
| State | Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA | Question 4 | Allow persons 21 years of age or older to grow, possess, and use natural psychedelic substances, as well as establish a commission to regulate the licensing of psychedelic substances and services |
|
1,444,812 (43%) |
1,902,527 (57%) |
Local
The following table lists the one local ballot measure related to marijuana decriminalization.
| Jurisdiction | State | Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dallas | TX | Proposition R | Amend the Dallas City Charter to decriminalize marijuana possession |
|
233,521 (67%) |
115,987 (33%) |
Campaign finance
- See also: Ballot measure campaign finance, 2024
The following table lists the statewide ballot measures, support and opposition contributions for each measure, and the post-election outcome of each measure.
| Ballot Measure | Support Contributions | Oppose Contributions | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Florida Amendment 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024) | $153,787,032.89 | $33,610,084.06 | 
|
| Massachusetts Question 4, Legalization and Regulation of Psychedelic Substances Initiative (2024) | $8,225,154.03 | $136,775.00 |
|
| Nebraska Initiative 437, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024) | $1,624,863.21 | $0.00 | 
|
| Nebraska Initiative 438, Medical Marijuana Regulation Initiative (2024) | $1,624,863.21 | $0.00 |
|
| North Dakota Initiated Measure 5, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024) | $519,558.50 | $0.00 |
|
| South Dakota Initiated Measure 29, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024) | $1,581,219.86 | $505,833.63 |
|
Historical context
Marijuana
As of October 2024, 24 states and Washington, D.C., had legalized the possession and personal use of marijuana for recreational purposes.[1][2][3]
- In 13 states and D.C., the ballot initiative process was used to legalize marijuana.
- In two states, the legislature referred a measure to the ballot for voter approval.
- In nine states, bills to legalize marijuana were enacted into law.
The following table lists ballot measures to legalize marijuana for recreational or personal use from 1972 to 2023:
| State | Year | Measure | Outcome | Yes | No | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ohio | 2023 | Issue 2 | |
57.19% | 42.81% | Initiative |
| Oklahoma | 2023 | State Question 820 | |
38.33% | 61.67% | Initiative |
| Arkansas | 2022 | Issue 4 | |
43.75% | 56.25% | Initiative |
| Maryland | 2022 | Question 4 | |
67.20% | 32.80% | Referral |
| Missouri | 2022 | Amendment 3 | |
53.10% | 46.90% | Initiative |
| North Dakota | 2022 | Measure 2 | |
45.06% | 54.94% | Initiative |
| South Dakota | 2022 | Measure 27 | |
47.08% | 52.92% | Initiative |
| Arizona | 2020 | Proposition 207 | |
60.03% | 39.97% | Initiative |
| Montana | 2020 | I-190 | |
56.90% | 43.10% | Initiative |
| New Jersey | 2020 | Public Question 1 | |
67.08% | 32.92% | Referral |
| South Dakota | 2020 | Amendment A | / |
54.18% | 45.82% | Initiative |
| Michigan | 2018 | Proposal 1 | |
55.89% | 44.11% | Initiative |
| North Dakota | 2018 | Measure 3 | |
40.55% | 59.45% | Initiative |
| Arizona | 2016 | Proposition 205 | |
48.68% | 51.32% | Initiative |
| California | 2016 | Proposition 64 | |
57.13% | 42.87% | Initiative |
| Maine | 2016 | Question 1 | |
50.26% | 49.74% | Initiative |
| Massachusetts | 2016 | Question 4 | |
53.66% | 46.34% | Initiative |
| Nevada | 2016 | Question 2 | |
54.47% | 45.53% | Initiative |
| Ohio | 2015 | Issue 3 | |
36.35% | 63.65% | Initiative |
| Alaska | 2014 | Ballot Measure 2 | |
53.23% | 46.77% | Initiative |
| Oregon | 2014 | Measure 91 | |
56.11% | 43.89% | Initiative |
| Colorado | 2012 | Amendment 64 | |
55.32% | 44.68% | Initiative |
| Washington | 2012 | Initiative 502 | |
55.7% | 44.3% | Initiative |
| California | 2010 | Proposition 19 | |
46.54% | 53.46% | Initiative |
| Nevada | 2006 | Question 7 | |
44.08% | 55.92% | Initiative |
| Alaska | 2004 | Measure 2 | |
44.25% | 55.75% | Initiative |
| Arizona | 2002 | Proposition 203 | |
42.65% | 57.35% | Initiative |
| Oregon | 1986 | Ballot Measure 5 | |
26.33% | 73.67% | Initiative |
| California | 1972 | Proposition 19 | |
33.47% | 66.53% | Initiative |
Psychedelics
The first state where voters decided on a ballot measure related to psychedelics, such as psilocybin mushrooms, was Oregon in 2020. Colorado was the second state in 2020. Both were approved.
| State | Year | Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO | 2022 | Proposition 122 | Decriminalize the use of the psychedelic plants and fungi and create a services program for administration of such substances |
|
1,296,992 (54%) |
1,121,124 (46%) |
|
| OR | 2020 | Measure 109 | Authorize the Oregon Health Authority to create a program to permit licensed service providers to administer psilocybin fungi products to individuals 21 years of age or older |
|
1,270,057 (56%) |
1,008,199 (44%) |
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ Smart Approaches to Marijuana, "MJ Laws Map," accessed June 15, 2022
- ↑ Marijuana Policy Project, "Map of state marijuana laws," accessed June 15, 2022
- ↑ This count excludes South Dakota, where voters approved a marijuana legalization initiative in 2020, which was subsequently overturned by the state's supreme court.
