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Documenting Michigan's path to recovery from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021

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Michigan coronavirus coverage
Debate in Michigan
Michigan government responses
School reopenings in Michigan
State government responses
Multistate agreements • Non-governmental plans
Debate over responses to the coronavirus pandemic
Elections • Religious service restrictions • School closures • State lockdowns • Debates by state
Related coronavirus coverage
Changes to elections • Federal responses • State responses
Reopening plans by state


Ballotpedia’s coverage of COVID-19 includes how federal, state, and local governments are responding, and how those responses are influencing election rules and operations, political campaigns, the economy, schools, and more.

This article contains a general timeline of noteworthy state government responses to the coronavirus pandemic since April 2020. It also includes details on three specific types of state responses to the pandemic:

Additionally, the article includes:


Response news updates

The following section provides a timeline of Michigan's reopening activity beginning in April 2020. The entries, which come from our Documenting America's Path to Recovery newsletter, are sorted by month in reverse chronological order. The date shown is the day that we wrote about them in the newsletter. They appear exactly as they appeared in the newsletter.

July 2021

  • July 22:
    • On Tuesday, July 20, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) vetoed House Bill 4434, which would have ended the state’s participation in federal pandemic unemployment programs.
    • On Wednesday, July 21, the Michigan House of Representatives voted 60-48 in support of an initiative petition that repeals the Emergency Powers Act of 1945. Gov. Whitmer relied on that act to declare a COVID-19 emergency and issue subsequent restrictions, like the stay-at-home order. The Michigan Supreme Court ruled the act violated the Michigan constitution on Oct. 5, 2020. The state Senate voted to repeal the act on July 15, meaning that Whitmer cannot veto the petition. The initiative will go into effect 90 days after the legislature ends its current session.
  • July 20: On Thursday, July 15, the state Senate voted 20-15 to repeal the Emergency Powers of Governor Act. Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) relied on the Act to declare a COVID-19 emergency and issue subsequent restrictions, like the stay-at-home order. If the House approves the initiative, Whitmer would be unable to veto it. If the House doesn’t approve the initiative, it would go on the Nov. 2022 ballot.
  • July 8: On Wednesday, July 7, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed an education funding bill that includes $4.4 billion in federal COVID-19 relief. The $17 billion bill increases per-pupil funding in public and charter schools.
  • July 1: On Thursday, July 1, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) unveiled “MI Shot to Win,” a vaccine incentive initiative featuring a $5 million lottery and up to $500,000 in college scholarships. The lottery includes a $2 million grand prize, a $1 million prize, and 30 daily drawings of $50,000. The initiative runs from July 1 to Aug. 3.

June 2021

  • June 23: On Wednesday, June 23, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed a bill allocating the remaining $2.2 billion in federal coronavirus relief money to food assistance programs and rental assistance.
  • June 22: On Thursday, June 17, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced the end of most remaining statewide coronavirus restrictions, including the mask mandate, on June 22. Whitmer said some restrictions on long-term care facilities and prisons and jails would remain in effect.
  • June 18: On Thursday, June 17, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced she would end most remaining statewide coronavirus restrictions, including the mask mandate, on June 22. Whitmer said she would keep in place some restrictions on long-term care facilities and prisons and jails.
  • June 3: On Wednesday, June 2, the Michigan House of Representatives voted 62-47 to pass a bill that prohibits state agencies and state-funded entities—including universities—from requiring people to show proof of vaccination to receive services. Four Democrats joined with all Republicans to pass the bill, which now goes to the Senate.
  • June 1: Effective June 1, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) eased some coronavirus restrictions, including all outdoor capacity limits on stadiums and venues. Restaurants and bars are also permitted to operate at 50% indoor capacity.

May 2021

  • May 24: On Monday, May 10, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced she would end the requirement that businesses mandate remote work when feasible on May 24 because 55% of residents had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine shot. On April 29, Whitmer announced a series of vaccination benchmarks that would end COVID-19 restrictions. The next set of restrictions—including capacity limits on stadiums and gyms and curfews on bars and restaurants—will be eased when 60% of residents have received at least one vaccine dose.
  • May 17: On Saturday, May 15, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) ended the statewide mask mandate for fully vaccinated people. She also ended the outdoor mask requirement for all people.
  • May 11: On Monday, May 10, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced she would end the requirement that businesses mandate remote work when feasible on May 24 because 55% of residents have received at least one COVID-19 vaccine shot. On April 29, Whitmer announced a series of vaccination benchmarks that would end COVID-19 restrictions. The next set of restrictions—including capacity limits on stadiums and gyms and curfews on bars and restaurants—will be eased when 60% of residents have received at least one vaccine dose.
  • May 6: On Tuesday, May 4, director of the Department of Health and Human Services Elizabeth Hertel issued an order lifting the outdoor mask requirement for gatherings of fewer than 100 people and revising the gathering limit to allow more people to congregate outside in one location. Under the order, up to 300 people can gather for outdoor events like graduation parties so long as there are fewer than 20 people per 1,000 square feet. The order also allows up to 1,500 people in outdoor stadiums. Additionally, players in organized contact sports are no longer required to wear masks.

April 2021

  • April 29: On Thursday, April 29, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced a plan that makes lifting statewide COVID-19 restrictions dependent on vaccination rates. Whitmer said she will lift the requirement that employers mandate remote work when feasible two weeks after 55% of eligible residents have received the first dose of a vaccine. Two weeks after 60% of eligible residents have received a first dose, Whitmer said she would increase capacity limits on sporting events, conference centers, and gyms. Whitmer said all indoor capacity restrictions will end two weeks after 65% of eligible residents have received a shot, while most health orders, including the statewide mask mandate, will end once 70% have received a shot.
  • April 14: On Tuesday, April 13, the Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity (MIOSHA) extendedCOVID-19 workplace emergency rules through Oct. 14. The rules require businesses that allow in-person work to create a COVID-19 preparedness and response plan. Those businesses must also have procedures in place for cleaning and disinfection and for dealing with sick employees. The emergency rules also include industry-specific guidelines.
  • April 9: On Friday, April 9, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) asked people in the state to refrain from eating indoors for two weeks to reduce the number of coronavirus cases. Whitmer also asked schools to pause youth sports and implement remote learning instruction for two weeks.

March 2021

  • March 25: On Wednesday, March 24, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) vetoed Senate Bill 1, which limits the length of Department of Health and Human Services emergency health orders to 28 days without the legislature’s approval. Senate Bill 1 passed the Senate 20-15 on March 2. The House passed it 59-50 on March 9.
  • March 22: Residents age 50 and older or 16 and older with medical conditions or disabilities are eligible for a coronavirus vaccine on March 22.
  • March 15: On Friday, March 12, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that residents 16 and older with medical conditions or disabilities will become eligible for a coronavirus vaccine on March 22. All residents 16 and older will become eligible April 5.
  • March 12 : On Thursday, the state Senate voted 20-14 to grant Majority Leader Mike Shirkey (R) the authority to sue Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) if she spends COVID-19 relief money the legislature has not appropriated.
  • March 10: On Tuesday, March 9, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed a $2.5 billion COVID-19 relief bill, which includes funding for rental assistance, vaccine administration, and testing and tracing.
  • March 8:
    • People 50 and older with preexisting health conditions, caregiver families, and guardians of children with special needs are eligible for vaccines starting March 8.
    • People who are homeless became eligible to receive a coronavirus vaccine March 8.
    • Restaurants and bars started operating at 50% capacity on March 5, with a limit of 100 people. Previously, those businesses were limited to 25% capacity. Additionally, retail businesses, libraries, and museums can increase their capacity from 30% to 50%. Entertainment venues, including movie theaters, amusement parks, and auditoriums, can operate at 50% capacity, with a limit of 300 people. Sports stadiums with a seating capacity of 10,000 or fewer can allow up to 375 fans, while stadiums that can accommodate more than 10,000 can have up to 750 fans. Up to 15 people from three different households are allowed to gather, and outdoor public gatherings can increase to 300 people.
  • March 4: On Wednesday, March 3, the state Department of Health and Human Services announced that people 50 and older with preexisting health conditions, caregiver families, and guardians of children with special needs will be eligible for vaccines on March 8. All people 50 and older will become eligible on March 22.
  • March 3: On Tuesday, March 2, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that restaurants and bars can operate at 50% capacity on March 5, with a limit of 100 people. Previously, those businesses had been limited to 25% capacity. Additionally, retail businesses, libraries, and museums will be permitted to increase their capacity from 30% to 50%. Entertainment venues, including movie theaters, amusement parks, and auditoriums, will be able to operate at 50% capacity, with a limit of 300 people. Sports stadiums with a seating capacity of 10,000 or fewer can allow up to 375 fans, while stadiums that can accommodate more than 10,000 can have up to 750 fans. Also on March 5, up to 15 people from three different households will be allowed to gather, and outdoor public gatherings will increase to 300 people.

February 2021

  • February 8: On Thursday, Feb. 4, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced she is easing restrictions on high school indoor contact sports beginning Monday, Feb. 8. The order specifies that masks must be worn during play. If students do not wear masks, they must undergo regular COVID-19 testing.
  • February 1: Indoor dining resumed Feb. 1 with restrictions. Masks must be worn when not eating or drinking, and restaurants must restrict capacity to no more than 25% and allow no more than two households per table.

January 2021

  • January 22: On Thursday, Jan. 21, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) confirmed indoor dining would resume Feb. 1. On that day, she will issue a new order that will also allow non-residential gatherings of up to 10 people from two households.
  • January 21: On Wednesday, Jan. 20, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Director Robert Gordon said the state is likely to lift a statewide ban on indoor dining on Feb. 1. The ban was implemented in Nov. 2020 and extended an additional two weeks on Jan. 15.
  • January 14: On Wednesday, Jan. 13, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that she would ease restrictions on indoor group exercises and non-contact sports beginning Jan. 16 while leaving a ban on indoor dining in place at least through Feb. 1. The text of the new order was not immediately available.
  • January 12: On Monday, Jan. 11, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) sent a letter to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar requesting permission to buy 100,000 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine directly from Pfizer to speed up distribution.

December 2020

  • December 30: On Dec. 29, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed a $106 million bill that includes aid to small businesses, music and entertainment venues, and workers who’ve been laid off or furloughed. Whitmer also signed a bill extending unemployment benefits from 20 to 26 weeks.
  • December 21: On Friday, Dec. 18, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced she was loosening some restrictions on schools and businesses starting Dec. 21. On that day, in-person learning can resume at high schools, and at businesses like movie theaters and casinos can reopen so long as people wear masks and practice social distancing. The restrictions in the new order will remain in effect through Jan. 15.
  • December 11: On Thursday, Dec. 10, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that small businesses that rely on indoor dining can postpone paying monthly sales, use, and withholding taxes for 31 days without incurring interest or penalties.
  • December 8: On Monday, Dec. 7, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) extended restrictions on businesses and the suspension of in-person instruction at high schools through Dec. 20. The restrictions, part of a campaign called “Pause to Save Lives” that was initially scheduled to end on Dec. 7, include the closure of businesses like movie theaters and a prohibition on indoor dining.

November 2020

  • November 18: On Nov. 15, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced a three-week ban on indoor dining and in-person high school and college instruction across the state beginning Nov. 18. She also announced that events at movie theaters, concert halls, and other indoor entertainment venues had been canceled.
  • November 6: On Tuesday, Nov. 5, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed into law six bills, including one that expands testing services and another allowing certain documents to be signed and notarized electronically through Dec. 31.

October 2020

  • October 27: On Thursday, Oct. 29, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services issued a new coronavirus order limiting indoor gatherings to 50 people. The order does not affect facilities and establishments with fixed seating, like stadiums. The order also restricts the number of people who can sit at a table in a bar or restaurant to six.
  • October 21: Department of Health and Human Services Director Robert Gordon issued an emergency order allowing for indoor visitation at nursing homes in counties where the current coronavirus risk level is A, B, C, or D and the facility has had no new cases within the last 14 days. Visitations are not allowed in counties with a risk level of E. As of Oct. 21, more than 30 counties in the state were at risk level E.
  • October 19: On Friday, Oct. 16, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed Senate Bill 1108, which makes permanent an executive order that allows public bodies to conduct public meetings remotely during the pandemic.
  • October 12: On Monday, Oct. 12, the Michigan Supreme Court voted 6-1 to deny Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s (D) request to delay enforcing its Oct. 2 decision that found her emergency powers used in response to the coronavirus pandemic were unconstitutional. Whitmer had asked the court to delay its decision for 28 days so her administration could negotiate new restrictions with the legislature.
  • October 9: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order effective Oct. 9 that will allow movie theaters and other indoor entertainment venues to reopen. Capacity at those venues will be capped at 20 people per 1,000 square feet.
  • October 6: On Monday, Oct. 5, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) issued an emergency public health order replacing many of the coronavirus restrictions the Michigan Supreme Court struck down on Oct. 2, including limits on gatherings and a mask requirement. The court ruled that day that Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s (D) emergency orders were based on an unconstitutional 1945 law called the Emergency Powers of the Governor Act of 1945. The MDHHS order expires Oct. 30.
  • October 5: On Friday, Oct. 2, the Michigan Supreme Court ruled 4-3 that Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) lacked the authority to issue pandemic-related executive orders after April 30, 2020, when the legislature declined to extend the emergency and disaster declarations. The court ruled the Emergency Powers of the Governor Act (EPGA) of 1945, which was one of two laws on which Whitmer justified her orders, violated the Michigan constitution.
  • October 2: On Oct. 2, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced she was moving the Upper Peninsula region back to Phase 4 following a spike in coronavirus cases. The region had been in Phase 5. Phase 4 includes a mask requirement in schools and limited capacity for retail stores.

September 2020

  • September 30: On Sept. 29, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) extended the statewide state of emergency through Oct. 27.
  • September 28: On Sept. 25, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that movie theaters, performance venues, ice rinks, and other indoor entertainment venues can reopen on Oct. 9. On that date, Whitmer will also ease indoor and outdoor gathering limits, allowing up to 30 people per 1,000 square feet or 30 percent of fixed seating capacity, with a maximum of 1,000 people, at non-residential outdoor gatherings.
  • September 10: On Sept. 9, the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA) released reopening guidelines for gyms, bowling alleys, swimming pools, and other similar businesses. Those businesses were permitted to reopen on Sept. 9 per an executive order from Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D). The guidelines state that those businesses can reopen at 25% capacity.
  • September 3: On Thursday, Sept. 3, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that gyms and pools could reopen with restrictions on Sept. 9. Gyms will be limited to operating at 25% capacity. Whitmer also announced that youth sports could resume in parts of the state where they are still restricted.

August 2020

  • August 27: On Aug. 27, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order detailing the symptoms an employee must have to stay home from work and avoid disciplinary measures from his or her employer. The new order replaces a previous one that included a greater range of symptoms. The new order also stipulates that employees aren’t shielded from disciplinary measures if known medical conditions can explain the symptoms.
  • August 21: On Aug. 21, the Michigan Court of Appeals ruled 2-1 that Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) was within her authority when she extended the state of emergency related to the coronavirus pandemic without the legislature’s approval. In their lawsuit, Republican lawmakers alleged Whitmer’s state of emergency order was unconstitutional.
  • August 20: On Aug. 20, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed an education package consisting of three bills that guide how school districts can reopen for the school year. The bills stipulate that although school districts aren’t required to offer in-person education, school boards must review their district’s instructional plans each month. Schools that do reopen to in-person instruction must prioritize that option for K-12 students. The legislation also weights per-pupil funding based on 75% of last year’s enrollment and 25% of the current enrollment.
  • August 17: The Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) voted to cancel the fall football season. MHSAA President Mark Uyl said, “We have done everything possible to find that pathway forward for our football kids this fall and we simply ran out of time with the evidence to be able to do that safely.”
  • August 6: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order on Aug. 6 requiring children over the age of two and all employees to wear face masks at Michigan camps and childcare centers.
  • August 5: On Aug. 4, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order requiring the Michigan State Police and state departments to prioritize enforcement of her COVID-19 orders. She also ordered licensing agencies to consider license suspensions when violations occur.

July 2020

  • July 31: On July 29, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order that takes effect on July 31. The order places restrictions on several counties in northern Michigan, including capping indoor gatherings at 10 people and closing bars that derive more than 70% of their revenue from the sale of alcohol.
  • July 29: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order that allows colleges and universities to convert large spaces into instructional areas without needing approval from the Bureau of Fire Services.
  • July 23: The Michigan House of Representatives voted 55-49 in favor of a package of four bills related to reopening schools. The bills require school districts to offer in-person instruction to students in elementary school. The bills head to the Senate for consideration. Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) has already released her own reopening plan allowing for in-person instruction if the state remains in Phase Four.
  • July 20: On July 17, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order that adds to and clarifies an earlier order requiring face coverings in indoor public spaces and crowded outdoor spaces. The new order requires public safety officers to wear masks unless doing so would interfere with their responsibilities and says businesses may ask, but cannot assume, if unmasked customers cannot medically tolerate a face covering. Businesses can accept a verbal affirmation from customers, however.
  • July 14: On July 13, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed Executive Orders 2020-148 and 2020-149. The first of these orders extends infection control procedures for nursing homes and long-term care facilities. The second order requires that grocery stores and pharmacies continue to allocate at least two hours per week of shopping time for vulnerable populations. Both orders extend through Aug. 10.
  • July 13: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's (D) Executive Order 2020-147 takes effect on July 13. It reiterates that individuals are required to wear face coverings in most indoor public settings. It also expands that requirement to include crowded outdoor spaces and requires businesses to refuse entry or service to individuals not wearing face coverings. A willful violation of the order is a misdemeanor punishable by a $500 fine. The order exempts children under the age of five and individuals who cannot medically tolerate face coverings, among others.
  • July 2: On July 1, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed Executive Order 2020-143, which closes indoor bar service throughout most of lower Michigan. Whitmer said, "Following recent outbreaks tied to bars, I am taking this action today to slow the spread of the virus and keep people safe. If we want to be in a strong position to reopen schools for in-person classroom instruction this fall, then we need to take aggressive action right now to ensure we don’t wipe out all the progress we have made." The order exempted the Upper Peninsula and much of northern Michigan. Outdoor bar service is permitted to continue statewide. The order took effect at 11:00 p.m. on July 1.
  • July 1: On June 30, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) released the "MI Safe Schools Return to School Roadmap," a set of guidelines by which local districts can draft their own reopening plans for the fall. The guidelines, which include both requirements and recommendations, are tiered to the phases of the state's broader reopening plan. The state is currently in Phase 4 of its reopening plan. Full details on requirements and recommendations by reopening phase can be accessed here.

June 2020

  • June 30: At 3:00 p.m., June 30, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) was expected to announce whether the state or portions thereof, are ready to advance to Phase 5 of Michigan's reopening plan. She was also expected to discuss the state's plan for reopening schools in the fall. We'll have more information on these developments in tomorrow's newsletter.
  • June 26: On June 25, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an executive order allowing professional sports leagues and teams to resume operations, subject to gathering, event, and capacity restrictions outlined in previous executive orders. Live audiences are not permitted, except for facilities staff and media personnel.
  • June 23: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that most of the state won’t advance to the fifth phase of reopening this week. While the Upper Peninsula and the Traverse City Region are in phase five, the state’s six other regions will remain in phase four.
  • June 18: On June 17, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that Michigan schools could resume in-person instruction during Phase 4 of the state's reopening (the state entered Phase 4 on June 1). Whitmer said she would issue an executive order June 30 outlining requirements and recommendations for reopening the state's traditional public, charter, private, and parochial schools.
  • June 17: On June 16, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) said she expected that the entire state would enter Phase 5 of reopening within two weeks: "We should be moving the rest of the state into phase five in short order. I said two weeks ago it was my intent to get there before July 4 assuming the numbers continue the direction they have been. I would anticipate that in the coming week or two, we'll be there, and that would be good news." Whitmer also said she expected schools to resume in-person instruction in the fall: "Kids, I believe, will be back for some form of in-person instruction, but it might look different that we're used to and it's going to be an adjustment for all of us."
  • June 15: Overnight residential, travel, and troop camps were allowed to reopen on June 15. Select K-12 school sports and other extracurricular activities were also allowed to resume.
  • June 10: Northern Michigan entered phase 5 of the reopening plan, which allows close contact businesses like tattoo parlors and hair salons to reopen at 25% capacity. Additionally, movie theaters and outdoor performance venues can reopen with restrictions.
  • June 8: Effective June 8, restaurants and outdoor public swimming pools are permitted to reopen at 50% capacity. Additionally, day camps, libraries, and museums can also reopen.
  • June 4: Retail stores statewide are allowed to reopen on June 4. Capacity is limited to 25% for stores with less than 50,000 square feet of customer floor space. For larger stores, the number of customers cannot exceed four per 1,000 square feet of customer floor space.
  • June 1: On June 1, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that the state’s stay-at-home order was lifted effective immediately. Whitmer said groups of 100 or less would be allowed to gather outdoors. The order was previously scheduled to expire on June 12. Whitmer also said that retailers would be able to reopen June 4, with bars and restaurants following on June 8.

May 2020

  • May 29: Nonessential medical, dental, and veterinary procedures are allowed to resume on May 29.
  • May 26: Effective May 26, retailers and car dealerships statewide were allowed to reopen to customers by appointment. On May 22, Whitmer extended Michigan's stay-at-home order through June 12.
  • May 22: Retail businesses, offices, restaurants, and bars are allowed to reopen effective May 22 in 32 counties. Restaurants and bars are subject to a 50% capacity limit.
  • May 19: On May 18, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed an executive order allowing retail businesses, offices, restaurants, and bars to reopen effective May 22 in the following 32 counties: Alger, Alpena, Antrim, Baraga, Benzie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Delta, Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Houghton, Iron, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Luce, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Menominee, Missaukee, Montmorency, Ontonagon, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Schoolcraft, and Wexford. Restaurants and bars will be subject to a 50% capacity limit.
  • May 18: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced the formation of the Return to Learning Advisory Council. The group will make recommendations to the COVID-19 Task Force on Education on returning to in-person instruction in the fall.
  • May 11: Manufacturing entities were allowed to resume operations. Michigan began its phased reopening process on April 24. We delve into Michigan's reopening plan in more detail below.
  • May 8: On Thursday, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) unveiled her phased reopening plan, "MI Safe Start." The plan outlines six phases of disease spread from uncontrolled growth to post-pandemic, with restrictions placed on businesses being eased as the state moves through each phase. These phases, and the changes in restrictions implemented in each phase, are outlined here. Whitmer said Michigan was currently in phase three (flattening), which is marked by a relatively stable number of new cases and deaths on a day-to-day basis, stable healthcare system capacity, and increased testing and tracing efforts. The plan does not specify effective or duration dates for each phase. Instead, movement from one phase to another is contingent on meeting specified public health benchmarks.
  • May 1: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed an executive order extending the closure of bars, gyms, casinos, and theaters through May 28. Under the order, restaurants may continue offering only delivery or takeout services through May 28. Michigan is under divided government, with a Democratic governor and Republican majorities in both chambers of the state legislature.


Vaccine distribution

This section contains a table of quick facts on the state’s vaccine distribution plan and a timeline of noteworthy events, including updates on vaccine availability for new groups of individuals, changes to state distribution plans, and much more. If you know of a noteworthy story we are missing, please email us at editor@ballotpedia.org.

The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services released a distribution plan on October 16, 2020.

Quick facts

Michigan state vaccination plan quick information
What governing entities are responsible for vaccine allocation and distribution?[1] Division of Immunization
Where can I find a quick breakdown of phases in my state? Preliminary COVID-19 vaccination timeline
Where can I find the distribution plan? COVID-19 Vaccination Plan
When was the plan first released to the public? October 16, 2020
When was the plan most recently updated? October 16, 2020
Where can I find answers to frequently asked questions? COVID-19 Vaccine
Where can I find data related to the coronavirus in my state? Michigan Data
Where is the state health department's homepage? Michigan Department of Health
Where can I find additional information about the state's vaccine distribution? The COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Plan in Michigan - AARP

Timeline

  • Nov. 17, 2021: Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that all residents 18 and older were eligible to get a COVID-19 booster shot if six months had passed since their last shot.[2]
  • Oct. 26, 2021: Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) directed state agencies, such as the Department of Health and Human Services, to prepare to provide COVID-19 vaccines to children as soon as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorizes children 5 to 11 to get the vaccines.[3]
  • Aug. 17, 2021: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) issued an order directing state agencies to supply COVID-19 booster shots to people living in long-term care facilities.[4]
  • March 22, 2021: **Michigan residents age 50 and older or 16 and older with medical conditions or disabilities became eligible for a coronavirus vaccine.[5]
  • March 12, 2021: Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced that residents 16 and older with medical conditions or disabilities would become eligible for a coronavirus vaccine on March 22. All residents 16 and older were scheduled to become eligible April 5.[6]
  • March 8, 2021: In Michigan, people 50 and older with preexisting health conditions, caregiver families, and guardians of children with special needs became eligible for vaccines starting March 8. People who were homeless also became eligible.[7]
  • March 3, 2021: The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services announced that people 50 and older with preexisting health conditions, caregiver families, and guardians of children with special needs would become eligible for vaccines on March 8. All people 50 and older were scheduled to become eligible on March 22.[8]


Statewide travel restrictions

See also: Travel restrictions issued by states in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021


As of September 7, 2021, Michigan had not issued any travel restrictions.

More information can be found at Pure Michigan.


School reopenings and closures

See also: School responses in Michigan to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Schools in Michigan were closed to in-person instruction on March 12, 2020, and remained closed for the remainder of the 2019-2020 academic year. To notify us of when schools were allowed to reopen statewide, email us. The timeline below lists statewide responses we tracked.

  • June 29, 2021: At the end of the school year, Burbio reported most schools were in-person in Michigan .[9][10]
  • December 21, 2020: Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) allowed public and private high schools to reopen starting Dec. 21.[11]
  • December 7, 2020: On Dec. 7, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) extended the suspension of in-person instruction at all public and non-public high schools through Dec. 20.[12]
  • November 18, 2020: Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) announced a three-week ban on in-person high school and college instruction across the state beginning Nov. 18.[13]
  • Sept. 10, 2020: At the beginning of the school year, Burbio reported a majority of schools were using virtual or hybrid learning in Michigan .[14][15]
  • August 20, 2020: Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed an education package consisting of three bills that guided how school districts could reopen for the school year. The bills stipulated that although school districts weren't required to offer in-person education, school boards needed to review their district’s instructional plans each month. Schools that did reopen to in-person instruction needed to prioritize that option for K-12 students. The legislation also weighted per-pupil funding based on 75% of last year’s enrollment and 25% of the current enrollment.[16]
  • June 30, 2020: Whitmer released the "MI Safe Schools Return to School Roadmap," a set of guidelines by which local districts could draft their own reopening plans for the fall. The guidelines, which included both requirements and recommendations, were tiered to the phases of the state's broader reopening plan.[17]
  • June 17, 2020: Whitmer announced that Michigan schools could resume in-person instruction during Phase 4 of the state's reopening (the state entered Phase 4 on June 1). Whitmer said she would issue an executive order June 30 outlining requirements and recommendations for reopening the state's traditional public, charter, private, and parochial schools.[18]


  • April 2, 2020: Whitmer announced that schools statewide would remain closed for the rest of the academic year. Prior to this order, schools were scheduled to reopen April 13.[19]
  • March 23, 2020: Whitmer stay-at-home order meant that the statewide school closure, scheduled to end April 5, was extended to April 13.[20]
  • March 12, 2020: Whitmer closed all schools in the state until April 5.[6]

Statewide mask requirements

See also: State-level mask requirements in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020


On June 17, 2020, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed an executive order requiring individuals to wear face coverings when entering a food-selling establishment or pharmacy. The Michigan Department of Health & Human Services issued guidance on the use of face coverings, recommending that individuals wear them whenever they leave home.

Michigan Director of the Department of Health and Human Services Elizabeth Hertel issued an order May 4 lifting the outdoor mask requirement for gatherings of fewer than 100 people.

On May 15, Whitmer ended the statewide mask mandate for fully vaccinated people. She also ended the outdoor mask requirement for all people.

On June 22, 2021, Whitmer ended most remaining statewide coronavirus restrictions, including the mask mandate.[21]


Noteworthy lawsuits

See also: Lawsuits about state actions and policies in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021

Michigan House of Representatives and Michigan Senate v. Gretchen Whitmer: On May 6, Republicans in the Michigan House and Senate filed a lawsuit challenging Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's (D) emergency declarations issued to combat the novel coronavirus. The emergency declarations have been the source of several executive orders issued by Whitmer in response to the coronavirus pandemic, including the state's stay-at-home order. The lawsuit claims that Whitmer exceeded her authority under two laws that formed the basis of her emergency declaration—the 1976 Emergency Management Act and the 1945 Emergency Powers of the Governor Act.[22]

On May 21, Court of Claims Judge Cynthia Diane Stephens ruled against the Michigan legislature, dismissing the lawsuit. She wrote that Gov. Whitmer exceeded her authority under the 1976 law but not the 1945 law.[23]

On May 22, the Legislature asked the state Supreme Court to take up the case.[24]

Martinko v. Whitmer: On April 29, 2020, Judge Christopher Murray, of the Michigan Court of Claims, ruled in favor of Governor Gretchen Whitmer (D) in a lawsuit over the governor's shelter-in place order. The plaintiffs in the suit alleged that Whitmer exceeded her authority in issuing the stay-at-home order, thereby infringing upon their constitutional rights. They motioned for a temporary order restraining the state from enforcing the order. Murray rejected this motion.[25]

In his opinion and order, Murray wrote, "Although the Court is painfully aware of the difficulties of living under the restrictions of these executive orders, those difficulties are temporary, while to those who contract the virus and cannot recover (and to their family members and friends), it is all too permanent. That is not to say that every new virus will require the action taken here, but given the authority of the Governor to do so in the face of these circumstances, the Court must conclude issuing injunctive relief would not serve the public interest, despite the temporary harm to plaintiffs’ constitutional rights.[26]

Michigan Department of Health and Human Services v. Karl Manke: A three-judge panel of the Michigan Court of Appeals held 2-1 on May 28, 2020, that Michigan barber Karl Manke must close his barbershop to comply with Governor Gretchen Whitmer's (D) Executive Orders 2020-69, which prohibited certain businesses from operating, including “non-essential personal care services.” Manke had reopened his barbershop on May 4, 2020, and a trial court had denied the state's request for a preliminary injunction to close the business.[27]

The Michigan Supreme Court reversed and remanded the lower court's decision on June 5, 2020, holding that the appellate court violated the rule of law by failing to hold a full briefing or oral arguments in the case and by issuing an injunction with a 2-1 decision, rather than the required 3-0 ruling. "It is incumbent on the courts to ensure decisions are made according to the rule of law, not hysteria," wrote Justice David Viviano in the opinion. "One hopes that this great principle—essential to any free society, including ours—will not itself become yet another casualty of COVID-19."[28][29]

League of Independent Fitness Facilities and Trainers, Inc. v. Whitmer: On June 24, 2020, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit granted an emergency stay in favor of Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D), barring indoor gyms from reopening across Michigan due to continued risks associated with COVID-19. Whitmer had appealed a June 19 preliminary injunction issued by Judge Paul Maloney, of U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan, which barred enforcement of Executive Order 2020-110, Section 12(b). The executive order closed "indoor gymnasiums, fitness centers, recreation centers, sports facilities, exercise facilities, exercise studios, and the like" in an attempt to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. While Maloney enjoined the executive order, stating that Whitmer had offered "nothing in support of the restriction" nor "any set of facts on which the gym restriction has a rational relation to public health," the Sixth Circuit disagreed, pointing to "rational speculation" by Whitmer "that heavy breathing and sweating in an enclosed space containing many shared surfaces creates conditions likely to spread the virus." The Sixth Circuit found that the "public interest weighs in favor of a stay" of Maloney’s injunction. The three-judge panel, which ruled unanimously, comprised Judges Julia Gibbons and Deborah Cook, both appointed by George W. Bush (R), and Chad Readler, who was appointed by Donald Trump (R). Following the Sixth Circuit’s ruling, Whitmer’s office released a statement commending the decision: "In the fight against a global pandemic, courts must give governors broad latitude to make quick, difficult decisions." Regarding the possibility of an appeal, an attorney for the plaintiffs said they were exploring their options.[30][31][32][33]

Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC v. Whitmer: On October 2, 2020, the Michigan Supreme Court issued an opinion stating that Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) did not have authority to issue pandemic-related executive orders that were in effect past April 30, 2020—the date past which the legislature denied extending emergency and disaster declarations. Justice Stephen Markman wrote the majority opinion.

Midwest Institute of Health, PLLC; Wellston Medical Center, PLLC; Primary Health Services, PC; and Jeffery Gulick filed suit in the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan challenging Executive Order 2020-17. The order, since rescinded, placed restrictions on nonessential medical and dental procedures. Whitmer was able to issue executive orders instituting restrictions amid the pandemic because she declared states of emergency and disaster. She said she had authority to extend those declarations without the legislature's approval based on the Emergency Powers of the Governor Act (EPGA) of 1945 and the Emergency Management Act (EMA) of 1976.[34][35]

The district court asked the state supreme court to consider two questions: 1) Whether Whitmer had authority under those laws to issue or renew pandemic-related orders after April 30, 2020 (after which the legislature denied renewing declarations of states of emergency or disaster); and 2) Whether either of those laws violated the state Constitution.

Markman wrote for the majority that "the Governor lacked the authority to declare a ‘state of emergency’ or a ‘state of disaster’ under the EMA after April 30, 2020, on the basis of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we conclude that the EPGA is in violation of the Constitution of our state because it purports to delegate to the executive branch the legislative powers of state government— including its plenary police powers— and to allow the exercise of such powers indefinitely."

The Detroit Free Press's Dave Boucher and Todd Spangler wrote, "The court's opinion throws into question dozens of orders issued by Whitmer related to the coronavirus pandemic, appearing to void them. At the same time, however, since the decision came as a response to questions submitted to the court by a federal judge — and not as part of a state case before it — it wasn't immediately clear what would happen next or when it would take effect."[36]

Whitmer said the following in response to the court's opinion:[37]

“

Today’s Supreme Court ruling, handed down by a narrow majority of Republican justices, is deeply disappointing, and I vehemently disagree with the court’s interpretation of the Michigan Constitution. Right now, every state and the federal government have some form of declared emergency. With this decision, Michigan will become the sole outlier at a time when the Upper Peninsula is experiencing rates of COVID infection not seen in our state since April.

It is important to note that this ruling does not take effect for at least 21 days, and until then, my emergency declaration and orders retain the force of law. Furthermore, after 21 days, many of the responsive measures I have put in place to control the spread of the virus will continue under alternative sources of authority that were not at issue in today’s ruling.[38]

”

Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association v. Gordon: On December 2, 2020, Judge Paul Maloney, of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan, declined to block Michigan’s restrictions on indoor dining. A coalition of affected businesses and a hospitality industry group filed the lawsuit challenging the restrictions, which were issued by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The plaintiffs argued that the MDHHS order violated several provisions of the state and federal constitutions. Maloney, a George W. Bush (R) appointee, ruled that Michigan officials had plausible reasons for targeting restaurants over other businesses. In response to Maloney's ruling, MDHHS Director Robert Gordon said, "We are happy that today’s ruling keeps in place measures that will save lives by limiting specific indoor gatherings that greatly increase the risk of COVID-19 spread." The Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association said the following in a statement: "While we are disappointed with today’s ruling . . . we will now transition our efforts to preventing an extension of the MDHHS Order beyond Dec. 8 and call on Director Gordon to provide clear and specific data to justify the sustained closure of restaurants across the state."[39][40][41][42]

Michigan Association of Non-Public Schools v. Gordon: On Dec. 11, 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a Statement of Interest in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan supporting a group of private schools suing Robert Gordon, the Director of Michigan’s Department of Health of Human Services. The Plaintiff schools seek to overturn Gordon’s restrictions on in-person instruction mandated in response to an uptick in statewide COVID-19 cases. In their complaint, the schools allege Michigan officials’ “closure of high schools does not advance the common good, does not advance public health, harms Michigan’s high school students, and prevents Plaintiffs from safely providing a religious education in accord with the United States Constitution and the Michigan Constitution.” Plaintiffs allege the closure of all Michigan high schools, public and private, violates the First and Fourteenth Amendments and similar protections in Michigan’s constitution. In its Statement of Interest, the DOJ said, “The government may not make value judgments that treat religious reasons for gathering worse than nonreligious reasons for comparable gatherings.” Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s (D) representative responded to the DOJ’s intervention, stating, “Not only has the Trump administration made it clear that they won’t protect American families, front-line workers and small businesses from the spread of COVID-19, but they’re also fighting against leaders like those here in Michigan who are following the recommendations of health experts and working to eradicate COVID-19.” The case is assigned to Judge Paul Maloney, an appointee of George W. Bush (R).

LeDuff v. Michigan Department of Health and Human Services: On May 19, 2021, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) reached a settlement with journalist Charlie LeDuff, ending a lawsuit over the release of statistical information related to the state’s COVID-19 deaths. LeDuff filed the lawsuit after MDHHS denied his Freedom of Information Act request for information about the number of deaths related to COVID-19 in December 2020. Alleging that MDHHS violated the Michigan Freedom of Information Act by incorrectly applying a privacy exemption, LeDuff requested all information sought in his original FOIA request in unredacted form, including the ages of those who died, the dates of their deaths, the date each death was added to the state total, and any information about whether those deaths resulted from contracting COVID-19 at a long-term care facility. By the terms of the settlement, MDHHS disclosed the requested records or certified that the requested records did not exist. LeDuff agreed to dismiss the suit with prejudice. In response to the settlement, LeDuff said, "This is a win for the people of Michigan, and I'm glad this lawsuit was able to shed some light." MDHHS spokesman Bob Wheaton said the department was "strongly committed to protecting residents of long-term care facilities from COVID-19 and to sharing data with the public related to the pandemic."[43][44][45][46]

Norris v. Stanley: On August 31, 2021, Judge Paul Maloney, of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan, denied a motion for a temporary restraining order to suspend Michigan State University’s (MSU) COVID-19 vaccine mandate. In her complaint, MSU employee Jeanna Norris argued that she should be exempted from the vaccine mandate because she had natural antibodies from a previous infection. MSU’s vaccine policy required all MSU faculty, staff, and students "to be vaccinated against COVID-19 with an FDA-authorized or WHO-approved vaccine." While the mandate did provide for limited medical and religious exceptions, it specifically excluded natural immunity as a qualifying exemption. Norris argued that MSU was "forcing me to choose between performing my professional duties to the best of my ability and protecting my personal health" and "between protecting my constitutional right to bodily autonomy, privacy and protection and keeping my job." Norris’ complaint further argued that MSU could not "establish a compelling governmental interest in overriding personal autonomy and constitutional rights." Maloney, upon denying Norris' motion, said she had "not shown a substantial likelihood of success on the merits." Jenin Younes, litigation counsel for the New Civil Liberties Alliance, which is representing Norris, said, "We have faith that when the Court has the opportunity to review the insurmountable evidence that supports the existence, durability, and robustness of natural immunity, it will recognize that MSU’s policy violates the constitutional rights of Ms. Norris and others in her position."[47][48][49]

Officials and candidates diagnosed with or quarantined due to coronavirus

See also: Government official, politician, and candidate deaths, diagnoses, and quarantines due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021

The table below lists officials or candidates who have been diagnosed with or quarantined due to coronavirus. The most recent announcements appear first.

Name Office Date Status
Beau LaFave Michigan House of Representatives District 108 September 29, 2020 LaFave announced that he had tested positive for coronavirus.[50]
Bill Huizenga U.S. House Michigan District 2 October 14, 2020 Huizenga announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19.[51]
Jim Ananich Michigan State Senate District 27 November 6, 2020 Ananich announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19.[52]
Kyra Harris Bolden Michigan House of Representatives District 35 November 24, 2020 Bolden announced that she had tested positive for coronavirus.[53]
Tim Walberg U.S. House Michigan District 7 November 16, 2020 Walberg announced that he had tested positive for coronavirus.[54]
Mallory McMorrow Michigan State Senate District 13 November 10, 2021 McMorrow announced on November 10, 2021, that she tested positive for COVID-19. She said she was fully vaccinated at the time she contracted the virus.[55]
Garlin Gilchrist II Lieutenant Governor of Michigan January 9, 2022 Gilchrist announced on January 9, 2022, that he tested positive for COVID-19. He said he was vaccinated at the time he contracted the virus.[56]
Abdullah Hammoud Michigan House of Representatives District 15 January 8, 2021 Hammoud announced that he had tested positive for coronavirus.[57]
Benny Napoleon Wayne County Sheriff December 17, 2020 Napoleon died from complications caused by COVID-19.[58]
Tom Barrett (Michigan) Michigan State Senate District 24 August 2, 2020 Barrett announced he tested positive for coronavirus after a screening as part of his Army National Guard duties.[59]
Brenda Jones (Michigan) Detroit City Council At-large April 2, 2020 Jones announced she tested positive for COVID-19.[60]
Lana Theis Michigan State Senate District 22 April 13, 2021 Theis announced that she would self-quarantine after she was exposed to COVID-19.[61]

Paths to recovery by state

To read about other states’ responses and recoveries, click one of the links below:

Other state government responses

To view previous coverage areas, including changes to 2020 election dates and policies, initial stay-at-home orders, coronavirus-related legislation, and much more, click a state in the map below.

https://ballotpedia.org/Government_responses_to_and_political_effects_of_the_coronavirus_pandemic,_2020_(STATE)

General resources

The chart below shows coronavirus statistics from countries across the world. The information is provided by Real Clear Politics.

Click the links below to explore official resources related to the coronavirus outbreak.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named section7
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI1117
  3. ↑ Michigan Office of the Governor, "EXECUTIVE DIRECTIVE No. 2021-7," accessed October 28, 2021
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI817
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI322
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 FOX2, "Gov. Whitmer announces statewide closure of all K-12 schools until April 5," March 12, 2020
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI36
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI33
  9. ↑ Burbio rated Michigan's in-person index at 87.5. To read more about Burbio's school opening tracker, click here. To read more about Burbio's methodology, click here.
  10. ↑ Burbio, "Burbio's K-12 School Opening Tracker," accessed Oct. 6, 2021
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI1222
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI1210
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MI1118
  14. ↑ Burbio rated Michigan's in-person index between. To read more about Burbio's school opening tracker, click here. To read more about Burbio's methodology, click here.
  15. ↑ Burbio, "Burbio's K-12 School Opening Tracker," accessed Oct. 6, 2021
  16. ↑ MLive, "Gov. Whitmer signs back-to-school legislation allowing for virtual learning," August 20, 2020
  17. ↑ Governor of Michigan, "MI Safe Schools Return to School Roadmap," June 30, 2020
  18. ↑ State of Michigan, "Governor Whitmer Announces Next Steps for School Reopening in the Fall," June 17, 2020
  19. ↑ Bridge, "Whitmer closes Michigan classrooms for school year due to coronavirus," April 2, 2020
  20. ↑ WZZM, "Gov. Gretchen Whitmer extends school closures until April 13," March 23, 2020
  21. ↑ CBS Detroit, "Gov. Whitmer: Michigan Will Open To Full Capacity June 22," accessed June 21, 2021
  22. ↑ The Detroit News, "Michigan House, Senate sue Gov. Whitmer, call emergency powers 'invalid'," May 6, 2020
  23. ↑ CNN, "Judge dismisses Michigan Legislature's lawsuit over governor's use of emergency powers," May 21, 2020
  24. ↑ The Detroit News, "Legislature asks Michigan Supreme Court to consider emergency powers case," May 26, 2020
  25. ↑ ABC News, "Michigan judge sides with governor in lawsuit over coronavirus shelter-in-place order," April 30, 2020
  26. ↑ Michigan Court of Claims, "Martinko v. Whitmer: Opinion and Order Regarding Plaintiffs' April 23, 2020, Motion for a Preliminary Injunction," April 29, 2020
  27. ↑ NBC 25 News, "Court orders Owosso barbershop to close immediately, Karl Manke to appeal," May 28, 2020
  28. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Michigan's top court throws out orders against Owosso barber Karl Manke," June 6, 2020
  29. ↑ M Live, "Michigan Supreme Court sides with Owosso barber, sends case back to lower court," June 5, 2020
  30. ↑ Click On Detroit, "Appeals court grants Michigan Gov. Whitmer’s motion to keep gyms closed," June 25, 2020
  31. ↑ United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, "League of Independent Fitness Facilities and Trainers, Inc. v. Whitmer: Opinion," June 19, 2020
  32. ↑ Office of the Governor of Michigan, "Governor Whitmer's Office Statement on 6th Circuit Court Ruling," June 24, 2020
  33. ↑ M Live, "Michigan gyms and fitness centers won't reopen Thursday after all," June 24, 2020
  34. ↑ State of Michigan Office of the Governor," "Executive Order No. 2020-67," April 30, 2020
  35. ↑ State of Michigan Office of the Governor," "Executive Order No. 2020-68," April 30, 2020
  36. ↑ The Detroit Free Press, "Michigan Supreme Court rules against Whitmer on emergency powers but effect unclear," October 2, 2020
  37. ↑ WLNS, Governor Whitmer responds to Supreme Court ruling that she exceeded her power during the pandemic," October 2, 2020
  38. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  39. ↑ United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, "Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association v. Gordon: Order Denying Motion for Preliminary Injunction," December 2, 2020
  40. ↑ United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, "Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association v. Gordon: Verified Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief," November 17, 2020
  41. ↑ Michigan.gov, "Statement from MDHHS Director Robert Gordon on latest favorable court ruling in Michigan Restaurant & Lodging Association lawsuit," December 2, 2020
  42. ↑ Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association, "Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association President and CEO Provides Statement on Lawsuit Ruling," December 2, 2020
  43. ↑ Michigan Court of Claims, "LeDuff v. Michigan Department of Health and Human Services: Stipulation and Order of Dismissal," May 19, 2021
  44. ↑ Michigan Court of Claims, "LeDuff v. Michigan Department of Health and Human Services: Complaint," March 9, 2021
  45. ↑ Mackinac Center for Public Policy, "Michigan Cannot Determine Whether Some COVID-19 Deaths Originated at Nursing Homes," May 21, 2021
  46. ↑ Associated Press, "State health agency releases some COVID data after lawsuit," May 21, 2021
  47. ↑ United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, "Norris v. Stanley: Order Denying Motion for Temporary Restraining Order," August 31, 2021
  48. ↑ United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, "Norris v. Stanley: Class Action Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief," August 27, 2021
  49. ↑ Lansing State Journal, "Judge denies MSU employee's request to block university's vaccine mandate," September 1, 2021
  50. ↑ Detroit Free Press', "Michigan Rep. Beau LaFave tests positive for COVID-19," September 29, 2020
  51. ↑ WOODTV, "Rep. Bill Huizenga: Rapid test ‘came back positive for COVID-19’," October 14, 2020
  52. ↑ The Detroit News, "Michigan Senate minority leader tests positive for COVID-19," November 6, 2020
  53. ↑ The Detroit News, "Southfield state lawmaker tests positive for COVID-19," November 25, 2020
  54. ↑ The Detroit News', "Rep. Walberg reports that he's tested positive for coronavirus," November 16, 2020
  55. ↑ The Detroit News, "Michigan Sen. Mallory McMorrow, her young child have COVID-19," November 10, 2021
  56. ↑ WDIO, "Michigan lieutenant governor tests positive for COVID-19," January 10, 2022
  57. ↑ Click On Detroit, "Michigan Rep. Abdullah Hammoud tests positive for COVID," January 8, 2021
  58. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Wayne County Sheriff Benny Napoleon dies of complications from COVID-19," December 17, 2020
  59. ↑ The Detroit News, "Republican Michigan senator critical of Gretchen Whitmer tests positive for COVID-19," August 2, 2020
  60. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Detroit City Council President Brenda Jones tests positive for coronavirus," April 2, 2020
  61. ↑ The Detroit News, "Michigan senator is quarantining after COVID-19 exposure," April 13, 2021
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