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House Intelligence Committee investigation on Russian activity in 2016 presidential election
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On January 25, 2017, the House Intelligence Committee announced that it was investigating Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election, including possible links between Russia and any political campaigns.[1] The committee further refined the scope of the investigation on March 1, 2017. It sought to answer the following questions:[2]
- What Russian active measures, including hacking, were directed against the United States and its allies?
- Did those active measures include links between Russia and any political campaigns?
- How did the U.S. government respond to Russian active measures? How can the United States protect itself in the future?
- Were there leaks of classified information related to the intelligence community report on Russian activity?
On April 27, 2018, Republican members on the House Intelligence Committee released the final report of its investigation, finding no evidence of collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia. It did find that Russia interfered in the election.[3] The full report can be viewed here.
Timeline of investigation
March 4, 2017: Investigation expanded
The investigation was expanded after President Donald Trump (R) released a series of four tweets on March 4, 2017. The tweets alleged that former President Barack Obama (D) ordered wiretapping of Trump's phones and Trump Tower, the headquarters of the Trump Organization, during the 2016 presidential election.[4]
The White House requested on March 5, 2017, that the congressional intelligence committees determine whether the executive branch abused its power in 2016 as part of its investigation into Russian activity during the presidential election.[5]
On the same day, Rep. Devin Nunes (R-Calif.), the chair of the House Intelligence Committee, indicated the committee would include Trump's wiretapping allegations in the scope of its Russian investigation. "One of the focus points of the House Intelligence Committee's investigation is the U.S. government's response to actions taken by Russian intelligence agents during the presidential campaign. As such, the Committee will make inquiries into whether the government was conducting surveillance activities on any political party’s campaign officials or surrogates, and we will continue to investigate this issue if the evidence warrants it," Nunes said in a statement.[6]
March 15, 2017: Initial statement regarding lack of evidence
Initially, Nunes said that the committee did not have evidence to support Trump's wiretapping allegations. "We don't have any evidence that that took place and in fact I don't believe—just in the last week of time, the people we've talked to—I don't think there was an actual tap of Trump Tower," he said on March 15, 2017.[7] Nunes added, however, that Trump's tweets could be interpreted more broadly. "I think the challenge here is that President Obama wouldn't physically go over and wiretap Trump tower. So now you have to decide, as I mentioned to you last week, are you going to take the tweets literally, and if you are, then clearly the President was wrong. But if you're not going to take the tweets literally and if there's a concern that the President has about other people, other surveillance activities looking at him or his associates—either appropriately or inappropriately—we want to find that out," he said.[7]
Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Calif.), the top Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, disputed Nunes' characterization. "No, wiretap is a wiretap. And particularly when he elaborates that he believed that President Obama was tapping his phones. So, I certainly don't think wiretap is broad enough to cover what is really a baseless accusation, a complete fabrication by the President of The United States," Schiff said.[7]
March 20, 2017: FBI Director James Comey testifies
On March 20, 2017, FBI Director James Comey testified before the committee about the agency's counterintelligence activities. Comey confirmed that the FBI was investigating potential ties between the Trump campaign and the Russian government, although he said that he could not disclose whose conduct was under review. The committee also asked Comey about Trump’s allegations that Obama had wiretapped Trump Tower during the presidential election. He said, “With respect to the president's tweets about alleged wiretapping directed at him by the prior administration, I have no information that supports those tweets and we have looked carefully inside the FBI. The Department of Justice has asked me to share with you that the answer is the same for the Department of Justice and all its components. The department has no information that supports those tweets.”[8][9]
March 22, 2017: Nunes reports incidental collection
On March 22, 2017, Nunes told reporters that the communications of Trump and his associates might have been collected after the election during legal surveillance of other targets. "I recently confirmed that, on numerous occasions, the intelligence community incidentally collected information about U.S. citizens involved in the Trump transition. Details about U.S. persons associated with the incoming administration, details with little or no apparent foreign intelligence value, were widely disseminated in intelligence community reporting," he said.[10] Nunes added, "This is a normal, incidental collection, based on what I could collect."[11]
At the time of the press conference, Nunes had briefed House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) about this information. He then spoke with White House officials about the incidental collection. Members of the House Intelligence Committee were not briefed.[10]
In an interview on Fox News, Nunes explained why he briefed the White House. "I mean, it's clear that I would be concerned if I was the president. And that's why I wanted him to know, and I felt like I had a duty and obligation to tell him because, as you know, he's been taking a lot of heat in the news media. And I think to some degree, there are some things that he should look at to see whether, in fact, he thinks the collection was proper or not," he said.[12]
March 22, 2017: Committee leadership splits
Schiff criticized Nunes' conduct, saying, "The chairman will need to decide whether he is the chairman of an independent investigation into conduct which includes allegations of potential coordination between the Trump campaign and the Russians, or he is going to act as a surrogate of the White House, because he cannot do both."[13]
Other Democratic members of Congress, including committee member Rep. Eric Swalwell (D-Calif.) and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), also criticized Nunes' actions. The following day, Nunes apologized to the committee in a closed-door meeting.[14] He told reporters that his decision to brief the press and president before the House Intelligence Committee was a judgment call. "There was a lot going on yesterday and it was a judgment call on my part and that's—at the end of the day, sometimes you make the right decision, sometimes you make the wrong one but you got to stick by the decisions you make," he said.[15]
March 24, 2017: Canceled open hearing
On March 24, 2017, Nunes canceled an open hearing scheduled for March 27, 2017, with former Acting Attorney General Sally Yates, former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, and former CIA Director John Brennan. "The committee seeks additional information ... that can only be addressed in closed session," Nunes said.[16]
Schiff tweeted that Nunes canceled the hearing in an "attempt to choke off public info."[17] He said in a press conference later that day, "I think that there must have been a very strong pushback from the White House about the nature of Monday's hearing. It's hard for me to come to any other conclusion about why an agreed-upon hearing would be suddenly canceled."[17]
March 27, 2017: Source of Nunes' information
Nunes spokesperson Jack Langer said on March 27, 2017, that Nunes learned of the incidental surveillance during a meeting with a source at the White House. Langer said, "Chairman Nunes met with his source at the White House grounds in order to have proximity to a secure location where he could view the information provided by the source. Because of classification rules, the source could not simply put the documents in a backpack and walk them over to the House Intelligence Committee space. The White House grounds was the best location to safeguard the proper chain of custody and classification of these documents, so the chairman could view them in a legal way."[18]
Nunes said in an interview with Bloomberg that his source was an intelligence official and not a White House staffer.[19]
On March 30, 2017, The New York Times reported that Nunes’ sources were White House staffers Ezra Cohen-Watnick, the senior director for intelligence at the National Security Council, and Michael Ellis, national security lawyer in the Office of White House Counsel. White House press secretary Sean Spicer neither confirmed nor denied the story during his daily press briefing. "I don’t want to get in front of that. As I’ve said before, we are not as obsessed with the process as much as the substance," Spicer said.[20][21]
March 27, 2017: Calls for recusal and resignation
Schiff called on Nunes to recuse himself on March 27, 2017. He said in a statement, "After much consideration, and in light of the Chairman's admission that he met with his source of information at the White House, I believe that the Chairman should recuse himself from any further involvement in the Russia investigation, as well as any involvement in oversight of matters pertaining to any incidental collection of the Trump transition, as he was also a key member of the transition team."[22] Schiff noted that nearly a week after Nunes' initial report of incidental surveillance, no committee members had seen relevant documents pertaining to the claim.[22]
Pelosi and committee members Swalwell and Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) also said that Nunes should recuse himself. Rep. Ted Lieu (D-Calif.) tweeted that Nunes would resign his post immediately if he "understood the Constitution and our separation of powers."[23][24]
On March 28, 2017, House Speaker Ryan said that he did not know the source of Nunes' information or believe that Nunes should recuse himself.[25]
March 31, 2017: Committee activity continues
On March 31, 2017, Schiff visited the White House to review the same documents that Nunes saw a week earlier. He said in a statement afterwards that he could not discuss the contents of what he saw but added, "Nothing I could see today warranted a departure from the normal review procedures, and these materials should now be provided to the full membership of both committees. The White House has yet to explain why senior White House staff apparently shared these materials with but one member of either committee, only for their contents to be briefed back to the White House.”[26]
April 6, 2017: Nunes temporarily steps down from investigation
Nunes announced on April 6, 2017, that he would temporarily step aside from leading the Russia investigation following charges filed against him with the Office of Congressional Ethics. "The charges are entirely false and politically motivated, and are being leveled just as the American people are beginning to learn the truth about the improper unmasking of the identities of U.S. citizens and other abuses of power. ... I will continue to fulfill all my other responsibilities as Committee Chairman, and I am requesting to speak to the Ethics Committee at the earliest possible opportunity in order to expedite the dismissal of these false claims," Nunes said in a statement.[27] Reps. Mike Conaway (R-Texas), Trey Gowdy (R-S.C.), and Tom Rooney (R-Fla.) were put in charge of the investigation.[27]
May 23, 2017: Former CIA Director John Brennan testifies
On May 23, 2017, John Brennan, the former director of the CIA, testified before the committee regarding his concerns with Russian interference in U.S. politics beginning in the summer of 2016. "I encountered and am aware of information and intelligence that revealed contacts and interactions between Russian officials and U.S. persons involved in the Trump campaign that I was concerned about because of known Russian efforts to suborn such individuals," Brennan said.[28] He added that he did not know whether these individuals were compromised or if there was collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.[28]
June 21, 2017: Former Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson testifies
Jeh Johnson, the former secretary of homeland security, testified before the committee on June 21, 2017, about Russian efforts to directly and indirectly influence the 2016 presidential election. "To my current knowledge, the Russian government did not through any cyber intrusion alter ballots, ballot counts or reporting of election results. I am not in a position to know whether the successful Russian government-directed hacks of the DNC and elsewhere did in fact alter public opinion and thereby alter the outcome of the presidential election," Johnson said in his written statement.[29]
December 7, 2017: Nunes cleared by ethics committee
On December 7, 2017, the House Ethics Committee cleared Nunes of allegations that he disclosed classified information.[30]
In a statement, Nunes thanked the committee “for completely clearing me today of the cloud that was created by this investigation, and for determining that I committed no violation of anything — no violation of House Rules, law, regulations, or any other standards of conduct. While I appreciate the Ethics Committee’s work, I need to reiterate that the allegations against me were obviously frivolous and were rooted in politically motivated complaints filed against me by left-wing activist groups."[30]
January 29, 2018: House Intelligence Committee votes to release GOP memo on Russia investigation
On January 29, 2018, the House Intelligence Committee voted along party lines to release a four-page, classified memo written under the direction of Nunes. The exact contents of the memo were unknown, but “people familiar with the memo" said it raised "concerns about surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act—specifically how a campaign associate of Mr. Trump’s came to be the target of U.S. spying and whether a dossier of salacious and unverified material was used in part to obtain the warrant,” according to The Wall Street Journal.[31]
Trump had five days to prevent the release of the memo. If he objected to its release, the full House of Representatives could have voted to override his decision.[31]
The committee also voted on whether to release a memo drafted by Democrats that refuted information in the GOP memo, but the measure was rejected along party lines.[31]
Schiff said, “We have crossed a deeply regrettable line in this committee where for the first time in the 10 years or so that I’ve been on the committee, there was a vote to politicize the declassification process of intelligence and potentially compromise sources and methods."[31]
Conaway said, “We’ve taken the position that this is a serious issue that needs to be disclosed to the public.” Conaway added that the committee was not concerned that releasing the memo would damage national security.[32]
On January 30, 2018, Trump said that he supported releasing the memo. After Trump's State of the Union address, Rep. Jeff Duncan (R-S.C.) asked Trump if he supported releasing it. Trump said, "Oh yeah, don't worry, 100 percent."[33]
Ryan also said that he supported releasing the memo. He said, “What’s OK is to follow the process as the process is laid out and that’s precisely what’s happening.”[34] He added that the memo raised “legitimate questions about whether an American’s civil liberties were violated by the FISA process.”[34] He also said that if there was any wrongdoing by some FBI officials that he did not think it reflected on all FBI officials. He said, “We want the people at the FBI to know we respect their job and we respect what they do."[34]
Pelosi criticized Ryan for backing the release of the memo. She said in a statement, “Chairman Nunes’ memo contains significant inaccuracies and omissions that misrepresent the underlying intelligence and jeopardize the effectiveness of our intelligence and law enforcement communities. Americans should be deeply concerned by Speaker Ryan’s sanctioning of this irresponsible decision and his complicity in allowing the Committee investigation to devolve into a sad political spectacle.”[34]
January 31, 2018: FBI asks White House to not release memo
On January 31, 2018, FBI Director Christopher Wray met with Trump and asked him to not release the GOP memo. After the meeting, the FBI released a statement, saying, “The FBI was provided a limited opportunity to review this memo the day before the committee voted to release it. We have grave concerns about material omissions of fact that fundamentally impact the memo’s accuracy.”[35]
February 2, 2018: House Intelligence Committee releases GOP surveillance memo
On February 2, 2018, the House Intelligence Committee released a memo that questioned the FBI and U.S. Department of Justice’s (DOJ) use of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to obtain information about Carter Page, a Trump campaign advisor and American citizen. The memo stated, "Our findings, which are detailed below, 1) raise concerns with the legitimacy and legality of certain DOJ and FBI interactions with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance (FISC), and 2) represent a troubling breakdown of legal processes established to protect the American people from abuses to the FISA process."[36]
The memo alleged that FBI officials withheld information from the FISA court to obtain a warrant to surveil Page, stating that officials did not tell the court that the Steele Dossier was paid for by Fusion GPS and financed by the Democratic National Committee and the Hillary Clinton (D) campaign. The unverified dossier was compiled by former British spy Christopher Steele to show Trump’s potential ties to Russia. Additionally, the memo stated that the court was not notified that Steele was working for Fusion GPS. The memo also stated that officials did not tell the court about Steele’s feelings about Trump. Steele told a DOJ official that he was "desperate that Donald Trump not get elected and was passionate about him not being president."[36] The memo stated that withholding this information could have influenced the court’s decision to grant a warrant.[36]
The memo stated that the Steele Dossier was used to obtain the initial October 21, 2016, warrant to spy on Page and was included in several 90-day renewals. Former FBI Director James Comey, former FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, and DOJ officials Sally Yates, Dana Boente, and Rod Rosenstein all signed at least one FISA application renewal.[36]
On February 3, 2018, Trump commented on the memo, writing in a tweet: "This memo totally vindicates 'Trump' in probe. But the Russian Witch Hunt goes on and on. Their [sic] was no Collusion and there was no Obstruction (the word now used because, after one year of looking endlessly and finding NOTHING, collusion is dead). This is an American disgrace!"[37]
February 5, 2018: House Intelligence Committee votes to release Democratic memo on Russia investigation
On February 5, 2018, the House Intelligence Committee voted unanimously to release a memo written by Schiff in response to the GOP's memo on the FBI and DOJ's use of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to obtain information about Page.[38]
February 9, 2018: Trump blocks release of memo drafted by Democrats
On February 9, 2018, Trump blocked the release of a memo written by Schiff in response to the GOP's memo on the FBI and DOJ's use of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to obtain information about Page. In a letter to Nunes, White House counsel Don McGahn wrote that “although the president is inclined to declassify” the memo, the administration believed it would create “especially significant concerns” for “national security and law enforcement interests.”[39]
In a separate letter written to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and Wray, McGahn said that the White House would consider releasing the memo if the problematic information it contained was revised. McGahn wrote, “The president encourages the Committee to undertake these efforts. The Executive Branch stands ready to review any subsequent draft of the Feb. 5th memorandum for declassification at the earliest opportunity.”[39]
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) both criticized Trump for not releasing the memo drafted by Schiff.[40]
Schumer said, “The President’s double standard when it comes to transparency is appalling. The rationale for releasing the Nunes memo, transparency, vanishes when it could show information that’s harmful to him. Millions of Americans are asking one simple question: what is he hiding?”[40]
Pelosi said, "The hypocrisy is on full display. What does the President have to hide?"[40]
February 13, 2018: Schiff says he will not revise memo
On February 13, 2018, Schiff said that Democrats would not revise their memo, as requested by the Trump administration. He said, “We’re not going to make any revisions to it. The only question is what redactions will be made. And obviously we’d like to keep those to a minimum. The White House has a different interest. I think their interest is in redacting anything that doesn’t reflect well on the White House.”[41]
February 24, 2018: House Intelligence Committee releases Democratic surveillance memo
On February 24, 2018, after being approved for release by the Trump administration, the House Intelligence Committee released a memo written by Schiff in response to the GOP's memo on the FBI and DOJ's use of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to obtain information about Page. The memo stated, "FBI and DOJ officials did not 'abuse' the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) process, omit material information, or subvert this vital tool to spy on the Trump campaign."[42] It also stated that several sources in addition to Steele were used to obtain the initial October 21, 2016, warrant to surveil Page and to obtain three renewals. Additionally, it stated that the DOJ "informed the [FISA] Court accurately that Steele was hired by politically-motivated U.S. persons and entities and that his research appeared intended for use 'to discredit' Trump's campaign."[42]
Commenting on the memo, Schiff said in a statement, “The Democratic response memo released today should put to rest any concerns that the American people might have as to the conduct of the FBI, the Justice Department and the [Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court]."[43]
Trump also weighed in on the memo, writing on Twitter, “The Democrat memo response on government surveillance abuses is a total political and legal BUST. Just confirms all of the terrible things that were done. SO ILLEGAL!”[43]
March 12, 2018: House Intelligence Committee announces end of investigation
On March 12, 2018, the committee announced that it was ending its investigation. Conaway told reporters that the final report would be released after Democrats on the committee reviewed its contents. The report concluded that there was no evidence of collusion between members of Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and that there was no evidence that Russia wanted Trump to win the election, contradicting the U.S. intelligence community.[44]
Conaway said, “We found no evidence of collusion. We found perhaps some bad judgment, inappropriate meetings, inappropriate judgment in taking meetings — but only Tom Clancy could take this series of inadvertent contacts, meetings, whatever, and weave that into some sort of a spy thriller that could go out there.”[44] He also said that the committee "couldn’t establish the same conclusion that the CIA did that [the Russians] specifically wanted to help Trump.”[44]
Trump praised the findings. He wrote in a tweet, "The House Intelligence Committee has, after a 14 month long in-depth investigation, found no evidence of collusion or coordination between the Trump campaign and Russia to influence the 2016 presidential election."[44]
Schiff criticized the report, saying, "By ending its oversight role in the only authorized investigation in the House, the Majority has placed the interests of protecting the President over protecting the country, and history will judge its actions harshly. ... If the Russians do have leverage over the President of the United States, the Majority has simply decided it would rather not know."[44]
March 22, 2018: House Intelligence Committee votes to release Russia probe report
On March 22, 2018, the House Intelligence Committee voted along party lines to release a final report on Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. The report, which was written by Republicans, had to undergo a declassification review before it could be made public. Democrats on the committee said that they were preparing their own viewpoints on the report.[45]
The Republican-authored report included the following findings, according to a summary released by the committee:[45]
- The committee found no evidence of collusion between the Trump campaign and Moscow.
- The summary of the report stated that "possible Russian efforts to set up a 'back channel' with Trump's associates after the election suggest the absence of collusion during the campaign, since the communication associate with collusion would have rendered such a 'back channel' unnecessary."
- The way the U.S. intelligence community came to the conclusion that Russian President Vladimir Putin showed a preference for Trump to be president was not valid.
- There was concern about former Trump campaign advisers Carter Page and George Papadopoulos's dealings with Russia.
Schiff said that Democrats on the panel would continue the investigation without the help of Republicans.[45]
April 27, 2018: Final report released
On April 27, 2018, Republican members on the House Intelligence Committee released the final report on its investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. The committee did not find evidence of collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia. It did find that Russia interfered in the election.[3]
The committee noted that other ongoing investigations might come to a different conclusion because they might have access to facts the committee could not obtain. The report stated, "We acknowledge that Investigations by other committees, the Special Counsel, the media, or interest groups will continue and may find facts that were not readily accessible to the Committee or outside the scope of our investigation."[3]
Democrats on the committee disagreed with the conclusions. Schiff said in a statement, “To determine whether this evidence of collusion reaches the level of proof beyond a reasonable doubt of criminal conspiracy, we must await the report of Special Counsel Robert Mueller, since the Majority refused to interview the witnesses and obtain the documents necessary to find out."[3]
After the report was released, Trump wrote in a tweet, "Just Out: House Intelligence Committee Report released. 'No evidence' that the Trump Campaign 'colluded, coordinated or conspired with Russia.’ Clinton Campaign paid for Opposition Research obtained from Russia — Wow! A total Witch Hunt! MUST END NOW!"[3]
The full report can be viewed here.
See also
- Federal policy on Russia, 2017-2020
- Investigations into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ House Intelligence Committee, "Joint Statement on Progress of Bipartisan HPSCI Inquiry into Russian Active Measures," January 25, 2017
- ↑ House Intelligence Committee, "Intelligence Committee Chairman, Ranking Member Establish Parameters for Russia Investigation," March 1, 2017
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Politico, "Trump hails House Intelligence Committee report on Russia," April 27, 2018
- ↑ ABC News, "A timeline of President Trump's unsubstantiated wiretapping claims," April 6, 2017
- ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Statement from the Press Secretary," March 5, 2017
- ↑ House Intelligence Committee, "Nunes Statement on Surveillance of Political Campaigns," March 5, 2017
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 CNN, "Intel chair pushes back on Trump 'literal vs. serious' debate, says President's tweets matter," March 15, 2017
- ↑ The New York Times, "F.B.I. Is Investigating Trump’s Russia Ties, Comey Confirms," March 20, 2017
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Full transcript: FBI Director James Comey testifies on Russian interference in 2016 election," March 20, 2017
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 CNBC, "Trump transition members had information 'incidentally collected,' House Intelligence chair says," March 22, 2017
- ↑ CNN, "House Intel chairman: Trump's personal communications may have been collected," March 22, 2017
- ↑ Fox News, "Rep. Nunes on 'Hannity': Surveillance reports I've seen are 'concerning,'" March 23, 2017
- ↑ Politico, "Schiff questions if Nunes is acting as ‘surrogate of the White House,'" March 22, 2017
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Intelligence Chair Nunes apologizes for disclosing surveillance information to the White House," March 23, 2017
- ↑ Talking Points Memo, "Nunes: It Was 'Judgment Call’ To Brief Press, Trump First About Surveillance," March 23, 2017
- ↑ Reuters, "U.S. House intelligence panel leaders split over session on Russia," March 24, 2017
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Intelligencer, "Schiff Says Nunes Canceled Russia Hearing to Protect Trump," March 24, 2017
- ↑ PBS News, "House intel chairman says he met source on White House grounds," March 27, 2017
- ↑ Bloomberg, "Devin Nunes Explains His White House Visit," March 27, 2017
- ↑ The New York Times, "2 White House Officials Helped Give Nunes Intelligence Reports," March 30, 2017
- ↑ WhiteHouse.gov, "Press Briefing by Press Secretary Sean Spicer, 3/30/2017, #32," March 30, 2017
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Twitter, "Rep. Adam Schiff," March 27, 2017
- ↑ The Hill, "Pelosi, more Dems call for Nunes to step aside," March 27, 2017
- ↑ McClatchy DC Bureau, "House intel chairman facing new calls to step down from Trump-Russia probe," March 27, 2017
- ↑ ABC News, "Paul Ryan says Devin Nunes shouldn't recuse himself from Russia investigation," March 28, 2017
- ↑ Business Insider, "Top Democrat on House Intel committee says he saw the documents at the center of an uproar in the Trump investigation," March 31, 2017
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 House Intelligence Committee, "Nunes Statement on Russia Investigation," April 6, 2017
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 The New York Times, "Former C.I.A. Chief Tells of Concern Over Possible Russia Ties to Trump Campaign," May 23, 2017
- ↑ PBS NewsHour, "Read Jeh Johnson’s prepared testimony on Russia," June 20, 2017
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Politico, "Ethics Committee clears Rep. Devin Nunes," December 7, 2017
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 The Wall Street Journal, "House Panel Votes to Release GOP Memo on Russia Probe," January 29, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "House Intel votes to make Nunes memo public," January 29, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "Trump tells Republican he's '100 percent' for releasing Nunes memo," January 30, 2018
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 The Wall Street Journal, "Paul Ryan Defends Vote to Release GOP Surveillance Memo," January 30, 2018
- ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "FBI Urges White House Not to Release Contested Memo on 2016 Campaign," January 31, 2018
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 NBC News, "Nunes Memo: Read the full transcript of GOP memo," February 2, 2018 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "rmemo" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "rmemo" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Twitter, "Donald J. Trump," February 3, 2018
- ↑ Politico, "House panel backs release of Democrats' memo on FBI," February 5, 2018
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 The Hill, "Trump declines to approve release of Dem counter-memo," February 9, 2018
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 The Hill, "Schumer, Pelosi rip Trump's decision to block Dem memo," February 9, 2018
- ↑ The Hill, "Schiff: We're not going to revise Democratic memo," February 13, 2018
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 United States House of Representatives, "RE: Correcting the Record — The Russia Investigations," January 29, 2018
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 The Wall Street Journal, "Democratic Memo Defends FBI Surveillance of Ex-Trump Adviser," February 25, 2018
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 The Hill, "House GOP ending Russia probe, says no collusion found," March 12, 2018
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 The Hill, "House Intel votes to release report in Russia probe," March 22, 2018
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