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Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
| Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) | |
 | |
| Basic facts | |
| Location: | Washington, D.C. |
| Type: | 501(c)(6) |
| Top official: | Steve Ubl, President and CEO |
| Year founded: | 1958 |
| Website: | Official website |
As of 2017, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) was a 501(c)(6) nonprofit organization that aimed to represent the biopharmaceutical industry in the United States and around the world and advocate policies it believes will benefit its member companies and make it easier to develop new medicines and treatments.
Mission
According to its website, PhRMA had the following mission:[1]
| “ | PhRMA's mission is to conduct effective advocacy for public policies that encourage discovery of important new medicines for patients by pharmaceutical and biotechnology research companies.[2] | ” |
History
PhRMA was founded in 1958 with the intention "to represent America’s biopharmaceutical research companies and seek essential alignment between public policy and medical research to address patient needs." PhRMA has offices in the United States, Japan, and United Arab Emirates.[1]
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| Healthcare policy in the U.S. |
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| Obamacare overview |
| Obamacare lawsuits |
| Medicare and Medicaid |
| Healthcare statistics |
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PhRMA members spent around $51.2 billion in 2014 developing new medicines. According to its website, there were 7000 treatments and medicines in development around the world, with 3500 inside the United States alone.[1] The website also said that the U.S. is home to more than 810,000 people who work in the biopharmaceutical industry.[3]
Work
According to its website, PhRMA "advocates in the U.S. and around the world on public policy issues critical to the discovery and development of innovative medicines." The following are topics PhRMA lists as primary focuses of its advocacy work:[1]
- Increased complexity and risk associated with research and development
- Need for investment in research and development
- Access to and use of medicines
- Increased value for patients
- Intellectual property incentives for new medicines
Member companies
| Click to view PhRMA member companies[4] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name | Name | Name |
| AbbVie | ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
| Alkermes plc. | Allergan plc | AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
| Amgen Inc. | Astellas Pharma US, Inc. | AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP |
| Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Bayer AG | Bayer Corporation |
| Biogen | BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
| Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Celgene Corporation | CSL Behring, L.L.C. |
| Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. | Eisai Inc. | Eli Lilly and Company |
| EMD Serono | Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. | Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
| GlaxoSmithKline | Grifols USA, LLC | Horizon Pharma PLC |
| Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. | Johnson & Johnson | Lundbeck LLC |
| Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals | Marathon Pharmaceuticals | Merck & Co. Inc. |
| Merck Human Health Division - U.S. Human Health | Merck Research Laboratories | Merck Vaccine Division |
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Novo Nordisk, Inc. | Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc. |
| Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. (OAPI) | Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals (OAP) | Otsuka Maryland Medicinal Laboratories (OMML) |
| Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. (OPDC) | Pfizer Inc | Purdue Pharma L.P. |
| Sanofi | Sanofi Pasteur | Shionogi Inc. |
| Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
| Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. | The Medicines Company | Theravance, Inc. |
| Vifor Pharma | Vivus, Inc. | |
Political activity
Ballot measure activity
PhRMA was active in supporting or opposing measures that impact the pharmaceutical industry, but the group had also contributed to other ballot measure campaigns.
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Overview of ballot measure support and opposition
The following table details PhRMA's ballot measure stances available on Ballotpedia:
| Ballot measure support and opposition for PhRMA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ballot measure | Year | Position | Amount | Status |
| Ohio Issue 2, Drug Price Standards Initiative (2017) | 2017 | opposed | N/A |  Defeated
|
| California Proposition 61, Drug Price Standards (2016) | 2016 | Opposed | N/A | Defeated
|
| California Proposition 41, Veterans Housing and Homeless Prevention Bond (June 2014) | 2014 | Supported | $10,000[5] | 
|
| California Proposition 93, Amendment to Term Limits Initiative (February 2008) | 2008 | Supported | $500,000[6] |
|
| California Proposition 89, Public Campaign Finance Program, Campaign Finance Limits, and Increased Corporate Tax Initiative (2006) | 2006 | Opposed | $200,000[7] |
|
| Florida Amendment 3, Supermajority Vote Required to Approve a Constitutional Amendment (2006) | 2006 | Supported | $100,000[8] |
|
| California Proposition 79, Prescription Drug Discount Program Initiative (2005) | 2005 | Opposed | $80,394,902[9] |
|
| California Proposition 78, Prescription Drug Discount Program Initiative (2005) | 2005 | Supported | $85,998,683[10] |
|
Lobbying
PhRMA was a registered lobbyist with the U.S. House of Representatives.[11]
The PhRMA website stated that the goals of its lobbying work were threefold:[1]
- "Broad patient access to safe and effective medicines through a free market, without price controls,"
- "Strong intellectual property incentives," and
- "Transparent, effective regulation and a free flow of information to patients."
Public information
The PhRMA website included information about health insurance, including information about Obamacare and how to save money on prescription medications. In addition, the website had pages devoted to medicine safety, to making a case for how the industry benefits the broader economy, and to the ways research companies make medical innovations that produce treatments and cures.[12][13][14][15]
PhRMA also maintained an online database called PhRMApedia where the organization posts research papers, newsletters, interviews, fact sheets, and speeches about its activities and developments in the biopharmaceutical sector.[16]
Aid
PhRMA helped create Healthcare Ready after Hurricane Katrina in order to help "companies, government agencies, and other organizations quickly and effectively address healthcare supply chain concerns before, during and after disasters." As of 2016, PhRMA helped with relief following more than 55 disasters.[17][18]
Healthcare Ready maintained websites that help people find pharmacies and create personalized documents containing prescriptions and other medical information.[18]
Foundation
The PhRMA Foundation aimed "to support young scientists in disciplines important to the pharmaceutical industry by awarding them competitive research fellowships and grants at a critical decision point at the outset of their careers."[19]
Leadership
The following individuals held leadership positions within PhRMA, as of May 2016:[20]
Senior executive team
- Steve Ubl, President and CEO
- Bill Chin, Chief Medical Officer and Executive Vice President
- Josephine "Josie" Martin, Executive Vice President, Public Affairs
- Paul Aines, Chief Finance Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration
- Lori M. Reilly, Esq., Executive Vice President, Policy and Research
Board of directors
- George A. Scangos, Chair of the Board, CEO, Biogen
- Joaquin Duato, Chair-elect of the Board, Worldwide Chairman, Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson
- Joseph Jimenez, Treasurer of the Board, CEO, Novartis AG
- Carlos Alban, Board Member, Executive Vice President, Commercial Operations, AbbVie
- Werner Baumann, Board Member, Chairman of the Board of Management, Bayer HealthCare AG
- Robert A. Bradway, Board Member, Chairman & CEO, Amgen
- Olivier Brandicourt, Board Member, CEO, Sanofi
- Giovanni Caforio, MD, Board Member, CEO, BMS
- William Carson, Board Member, President & CEO, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.
- Paul R. Fonteyne, Board Member, President & CEO, Boehringer Ingelheim USA Corporation
- Belen Garijo, Board Member, Member of the Executive Board & CEO Merck Healthcare, EMD Serono
- Glenn J. Gormley, MD, Ph.D., Board Member, Chairman of the Board, Executive Chairman & President, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.
- Peter Greenleaf, Board Member, CEO, Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Jesper Hoiland, Board Member, EVP, Novo Nordisk USA, Novo Nordisk Inc.
- Robert J. Hugin, Board Member, Chairman & CEO, Celgene Corporation
- John C. Lechleiter, Ph.D., Board Member, Chairman, President & CEO, Eli Lilly and Company
- Yugi Matsue, Board Member, Chairman & CEO, Eisai Inc.
- Clive Meanwell, MD, Ph.D., Board Member, CEO, The Medicines Company
- Michael A. Narachi, Board Member, President & CEO, Orexigen Therapeutics, Inc.
- Richard F. Pops, Board Member, Chairman & CEO, Alkermes plc
- Ian Read, Board Member, Chairman of the Board and CEO, Pfizer Inc.
- James Robinson, Board Member, President, Americas Operations, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
- Brenton Saunders, Board Member, CEO and President, Allergan plc
- Staffan Schuberg, Board Member, President, Lundbeck LLC
- Ramona Sequeira, Board Member, President, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.
- Pascal Soriot, Board Member, Executive Director, CEO, AstraZeneca
- Nobuhiko Tamura, Board Member, Vice Chair & President, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Mark Timney, Board Member, President & CEO, Purdue Pharma L.P.
- Mark Trudeau, Board Member, President and CEO, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals
- Timothy P Walbert, Board Member, Chairman, President & CEO, Horizon Pharma PLC
- Sir Andrew Witty, Board Member, CEO, GlaxoSmithKline plc
Finances
The following is a breakdown of PhRMA's revenue and expenses for 2010-2014:
| Annual revenue and expenses for PhRMA, 2010-2014 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tax Year | Total Revenue | Total Expenses |
| 2014[21] | $205,359,701 | $207,941,637 |
| 2013[22] | $204,711,986 | $202,129,760 |
| 2012[22] | $204,219,082 | $206,117,606 |
| 2011[23] | $204,851,231 | $201,124,812 |
| 2010[23] | $203,872,287 | $211,265,586 |
Opposition
In November 2015, The Hill reported that PhRMA received bipartisan attacks related to the increasing cost of medicine. Among PhRMA's critics were presidential candidates Hillary Clinton (D), Bernie Sanders (D), and Marco Rubio (R). PhRMA responded that "health insurers, not drug companies, are forcing patients to shoulder more of the costs through higher deductibles and copays while also adding coverage restrictions." In addition, PhRMA pointed to a "slowdown in government approvals of new drugs and the quickening pace of patent expirations and detailed the costly and time-intensive process of developing drugs" as factors contributing to increasing prices.[24]
A February 2016 piece in Forbes also criticized PhRMA for rising drug prices but suggested that Stephen Ubl might be able to champion reforms that could help ease that burden on patients. For instance, the article noted that Ubl "expressed support for a new model of pricing in which payments by insurers are based on the results seen in patients" instead of the fact that prescriptions were filled.[25]
Recent news
The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms 'PhRMA'. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.
See also
External links
- Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
- PhRMA on Twitter
- PhRMA on Facebook
- PhRMA on YouTube
- PhRMA on Flickr
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, "About PhRMA," accessed May 6, 2016
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ PhRMA, "The Biopharmaceutical Industry: Creating Research, Progress and Hope," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA, "Member Companies," accessed May 10, 2016
- ↑ Follow the Money, "PROPOSITION 041 (PRIMARY), Top Supporting Donors," accessed August 23, 2016
- ↑ Follow the Money, "PROPOSITION 093, Top Supporting Donors," accessed August 23, 2016
- ↑ Follow the Money, "PROPOSITION 089, Top Opposing Donors," accessed August 23, 2016
- ↑ Follow the Money, "PROTECT OUR CONSTITUTION, Top Donors," accessed August 23, 2016
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Campaign spending on Proposition 79," accessed August 23, 2016
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Campaign spending on Proposition 78," accessed August 23, 2016
- ↑ Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, "Lobbying Disclosure," accessed May 10, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA, "Access," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA, "Safety," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA, "Value," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA, "Innovation," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA, "Publications," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ Healthcare Ready, "History," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 PhRMA, "Disaster Relief," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA Foundation, "About," accessed May 11, 2016
- ↑ PhRMA, "Meet the PhRMA Leadership," accessed May 10, 2016
- ↑ GuideStar, "PhRMA IRS Form 990 (2014)," accessed August 23, 2016
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 GuideStar, "PhRMA IRS Form 990 (2013)," accessed May 6, 2016
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 GuideStar, "PhRMA IRS Form 990 (2011)," accessed May 6, 2016
- ↑ The Hill, "Facing bipartisan attacks, PhRMA goes on offensive," November 11, 2015
- ↑ Forbes, "Can PhRMA's New Boss Help Change The Industry's Image?" February 29, 2016
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