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Sixteen Thirty Fund

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The Sixteen Thirty Fund
Sixteenthirtylogo.png
Basic facts
Location:Washington D.C.
Type:501(c)(4)
Top official:Amy Kurtz, President
Year founded:2009
Website:Official website

The Sixteen Thirty Fund is a 501(c)(4) that provides organizational support and guidance to new nonprofits. The organization was founded in 2009.[1] According to its website, the group "believes in the power of new ideas, creative partnerships, and emerging leaders to achieve meaningful and lasting solutions to the most pressing challenges of our time. We help changemakers maximize their impact by providing operational support that allows them to focus on advancing their core missions."[2] As of September 2025, Arabella Advisors managed the fund.

  • From 2016 to 2024, Ballotpedia tracked $102 million in contributions from the Sixteen Thirty Fund to 45 state ballot measure campaigns.

    • Background

    Eric Kessler, Brian Kathman, and Molly McUsic founded the organization in 2009 with grant money from Americans United for Change, Working America, ACORN, USAction, and the Sierra Club.[1] Kessler is the founder and executive director of Arabella Advisors and a former White House appointee under President Bill Clinton (D).[3]

    Sixteen Thirty Fund president Amy Kurtz said, "As progressives, we have a responsibility to mobilize in the face of societal challenges and provide new investments and initiatives to advocate for what we believe in—from addressing climate change, to protecting voting rights and access to health care, to promoting equity and social justice. Our democracy depends on people making their voices heard, and we believe that advocacy is the backbone of our democracy."[4]

    Leadership

    As of 2023, the following individuals held leadership positions at the Sixteen Thirty Fund:[5]

    • Amy Kurtz, president
    • Ryan Johnson, project director
    • Nilofar Ganjaie, project director
    • Carl Walz, campaigns director
    • Patricia Kupfer, campaigns director
    • Amy Steinhoff, campaigns director

    Work and activities

    Services

    According to its website, the Sixteen Thirty Fund provides "day-to-day administrative support to new public-interest projects, including providing fiscal sponsorship, helping develop and manage budgets, assisting with payroll and benefits, understanding and complying with national and state laws and regulations, and getting advice and support from a network of other experts in nonprofit management."[6]

    Sixteen Thirty Fund described its support model as follows:[7]

    “
    • Sixteen Thirty Fund is a platform to help nonprofits, advocates, institutions, and progressive causes quickly and efficiently launch new projects. Interested projects approach Sixteen Thirty Fund and together they determine if the partnership is a good match.
    • Once Sixteen Thirty Fund becomes a project’s fiscal sponsor, the project is able to quickly launch and get to work while operating under Sixteen Thirty Fund’s legal and tax-exempt status.
    • Like other fiscal sponsors, Sixteen Thirty Fund is not the original source of funding for the projects it incubates. When a foundation or funder makes a donation to support a project, the fiscal sponsor receives the donation on behalf of the project. Sixteen Thirty Fund follows all local, state, and federal law with respect to the disclosure of individual donors.
    • Instead of projects setting up their own infrastructure, which is time-consuming and expensive, Sixteen Thirty Fund provides projects with a variety of administrative supports, such as legal and compliance, HR, and accounting and payroll. This streamlined model means projects can launch within weeks rather than months or even years.
    • Once a project has been incubated, the project can choose to have Sixteen Thirty Fund remain its fiscal sponsor, become its own independently operating entity, or in some cases, end its activities.[8]
    		 ”

    Ballot measure activity

    2023 activity

    In 2024, Politico reported that Sixteen Thirty Fund raised more than $181 million in 2023 and spent $141.3 million.[9] That included $8.2 million in donations to North Fund, giving $8.2 million to two groups supporting Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative, $5.6 million in contributions to oppose Ohio Issue 1, 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure, and $1.9 million in giving to support Nebraska Initiative 436, Paid Sick Leave Initiative.[9] The organization also gave $1 million in support of the Congressional Integrity Project, whose website said it is "focused on revealing how those in power are empowering special interests."[9][10]

    2022 activity

    In 2023, NBC News reported that the Sixteen Thirty Fund spent $196 million supporting ballot measures on abortion rights, as well as Democratic-aligned groups.[11] That includes $20.7 million in donations to America Votes, which calls itself a "coordination hub" for progressive organizations.[12] Sixteen Thirty Fund also gave $10.4 million in support of Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Amendment, $5.8 million to Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative and $1.4 million to oppose Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment.[11]

    2020 activity

    Sixteen Thirty's 2020 election activity began in 2019, when the group gave roughly $65 million in grants to left-leaning nonprofit groups.[13] The grant spending included about $16.5 million to the following groups that opposed incumbent Republican senators in battleground states:[13]

    • Maine Momentum
    • Rocky Mountain Values
    • Advancing AZ
    • Iowa Forward
    • Piedmont Rising

    The five groups spent a total of about $17.3 million on advertising between 2019 and 2020.[13]

    Sixteen Thirty's spending also included the following contributions to other organizations:

    Financial records from 2019 indicate Sixteen Thirty spent about $33.7 million directly and through its 38 affiliated subsidiary trade name groups.[13]

    2018 activity

    Sixteen Thirty's 2018 fundraising surpassed any amount raised by a left-leaning political nonprofit to that point. According to Politico, "Several of the biggest donors and organizations in Democratic politics also have public links to Sixteen Thirty Fund. Potential presidential candidate and megadonor Michael Bloomberg gave $250,000 to a super PAC linked to Sixteen Thirty Fund, Change Now, in 2018. And the Democratic donor group Democracy Alliance, which has dozens of members including billionaire George Soros, recommended last spring that donors invest several million dollars into Sixteen Thirty Fund."[14] The group also "distributed more than $91 million in grants to 95 other groups in 2018, according to the tax filing. These funds made Sixteen Thirty Fund a major source of money for political nonprofits pushing an array of changes to state and federal law."[15]

    Politico's Scott Brand described the activities of the Sixteen Thirty Fund in a July 2018 article:

    “ Added together, the Sixteen Thirty Fund groups have been among the most prolific political advertisers of 2018. They have aired 6,885 broadcast TV ads since Jan. 1, according to Advertising Analytics, a TV tracking firm — more than the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and almost as many as Americans for Prosperity, two of the five biggest nonprofit political advertisers focused on the House and Senate in the first half of this year.


    The network, which has spent over $4.6 million on TV alone, has also been one of the top political advertisers in the country on Facebook, according to a POLITICO analysis of data from the social media company’s new political ad archive.[16][8]

    		”

    Sixteen Thirty also planned to spend $5 million opposing the confirmation of Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh.[17]

    Overview of ballot measure support and opposition

    State ballot measures

    From 2016 to 2024, Ballotpedia tracked $101.6 million[18] in contributions from the Sixteen Thirty Fund to 52 state ballot measure campaigns and one local ballot measure campaign in 19 states. The position that Sixteen Thirty Fund took on a ballot measure was successful for 41 of 53 (77.4%) ballot measures.

    The following table provides information on campaign success rates. Won means the Sixteen Thirty Fund supported a measure that was approved or opposed a measure that was defeated. Lost means the Sixteen Thirty Fund supported a measure that was defeated or opposed a measure that was approved.

    Ballot measure support and opposition for The Sixteen Thirty Fund
    Outcome Number (%) Contributions (Total) Contributions (Average)
    Won 41 (77.4%) $91.5 million $2.3 million
    Lost 12 (22.6%) $10.1 million $844,324
    Total 53 (100.0%) $101.6 million $1.9 million


    The following table details The Sixteen Thirty Fund's state ballot measure stances available on Ballotpedia:

    Ballot measure support and opposition for The Sixteen Thirty Fund
    Ballot measure Year Position Contributions Status
    Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Minimum Wage Increase and Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[19] $929,600 Approveda Approved
    Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024) 2024 Opposed[20] $60,000 Defeatedd Defeated
    Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[21] $1,250,000 Approveda Approved
    Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[22] $4,595,501 Approveda Approved
    Missouri Proposition A, Minimum Wage and Earned Paid Sick Time Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[22] $3,549,168 Approveda Approved
    Montana CI-126, Top-Four Primary Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[23] $130,250 Defeatedd Defeated
    Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[23] Defeatedd Defeated
    Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[24] $3,008,837.50 Approveda Approved
    Nebraska Initiative 436, Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[25] $1,916,252.10 Approveda Approved
    Ohio Issue 1, Establish the Citizens Redistricting Commission Initiative (2024) 2024 Supported[26] $6,669,800.00 Defeatedd Defeated
    Oregon Measure 116, Independent Public Service Compensation Commission Amendment (2024) 2024 Supported[27] $48,500 Defeatedd Defeated
    Colorado Proposition HH, Property Tax Changes and Revenue Change Measure 2023 Supported[28] $600,000 Defeatedd Defeated
    Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative 2023 Supported[29] $8,217,600.00 Approveda Approved
    Ohio Issue 1, 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure 2023 Opposed[30] $5,140,750 Defeatedd Defeated
    Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Constitutional Convention Question 2022 Opposed[31] $1,992,700 Defeatedd Defeated
    Alaska State Recognition of American Indian Tribes Initiative 2022 Support[32] $600,000.00 Approved by the Legislature
    Colorado Proposition GG, Include Income Tax Effects in Initiative Ballot Language Measure 2022 Supported[33] $500,000 Approveda Approved
    Connecticut Question 1, Allow for Early Voting Amendment 2022 Supported[34] $21,625 Approveda Approved
    Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment 2022 Opposed[35] $1,585,000 Defeatedd Defeated
    Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment 2022 Opposed[36] $585,000 Defeatedd Defeated
    Massachusetts Question 1, Tax on Income Above $1 Million for Education and Transportation Amendment 2022 Supported[37] $1,632,935 Approveda Approved
    Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Amendment 2022 Supported[38] $11,261,370 Approveda Approved
    Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative 2022 Supported[39] $6,009,565 Approveda Approved
    Nebraska Initiative 433, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative 2022 Supported[40] $2,488,030 Approveda Approved
    Oregon Measure 114, Changes to Firearm Ownership and Purchase Requirements Initiative 2022 Supported[41] $250,000 Approveda Approved
    Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment 2022 Supported[42] $27,800 Approveda Approved
    Colorado Proposition 116, Decrease Income Tax Rate from 4.63% to 4.55% Initiative 2020 Opposed[43] $200,000 Approveda Approved
    Colorado Proposition 117, Require Voter Approval of Certain New Enterprises Exempt from TABOR Initiative 2020 Opposed[44] Approveda Approved
    Colorado Proposition 118, Paid Medical and Family Leave Initiative 2020 Supported[45] $2,963,500 Approveda Approved
    Missouri Amendment 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative 2020 Supported[46] $24,050 Approveda Approved
    Montana CI-118, Allow for a Legal Age for Marijuana Amendment 2020 Supported[46] $22,176 Approveda Approved
    Montana I-190, Marijuana Legalization Initiative 2020 Supported[46] Approveda Approved
    Nebraska Initiative 428, Payday Lender Interest Rate Cap Initiative 2020 Supported[47] $1,886,961 Approveda Approved
    Oregon Measure 110, Drug Decriminalization and Addiction Treatment Initiative 2020 Supported[48] $250,000 Approveda Approved
    Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative 2018 Supported[49] $1,346,000 Approveda Approved
    Colorado Amendment 74, Compensation to Owners for Decreased Property Value Due to State Regulation Initiative 2018 Opposed[50] $3,500,000 Defeatedd Defeated
    Colorado Proposition 111, Limits on Payday Loan Charges Initiative 2018 Supported[50] $2,076,375 Approveda Approved
    Florida Amendment 4, Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative 2018 Supported[51] $3,950,000 Approveda Approved
    Maine Question 1, Payroll and Non-Wage Income Taxes for Home Care Program Initiative 2018 Supported[52] $150,000 Defeatedd Defeated
    Michigan Proposal 2, Independent Redistricting Commission Initiative 2018 Supported[53] $6,017,250 Approveda Approved
    Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative 2018 Supported[22] $4,783,500 Approveda Approved
    Nevada Question 5, Automatic Voter Registration via DMV Initiative 2018 Supported[54] $6,250,000 Approveda Approved
    North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment 2018 Opposed[55] $3,500,000[56] Defeatedd Defeated
    North Carolina Legislative Appointments to Elections Board Amendment 2018 Opposed[55] Defeatedd Defeated
    North Carolina Voter ID Amendment 2018 Opposed[55] Approveda Approved
    North Carolina Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment 2018 Opposed[55] Approveda Approved
    North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment 2018 Opposed[55] Approveda Approved
    North Carolina Income Tax Cap Amendment 2018 Opposed[55] Approveda Approved
    Oregon Measure 106, Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative 2018 Opposed[27] $685,000 Defeatedd Defeated
    Maine Question 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative 2017 Supported[57] $865,606 Approveda Approved
    South Dakota Constitutional Amendment U, Limit on Statutory Interest Rates for Loans 2016 Opposed[58] $6,440 Defeatedd Defeated
    South Dakota Initiated Measure 21, Payday Lending Initiative 2016 Supported[59] $9,800 Approveda Approved


    Local ballot measures

    The following table details The Sixteen Thirty Fund's local ballot measure stances available on Ballotpedia:

    Ballot measure support and opposition for The Sixteen Thirty Fund
    Ballot measure Year Position Contributions Status
    Austin, Texas, Proposition A, Police Policies on Minimum Number of Officers, Training Requirements, and Demographic Representation Initiative 2021 Opposed[60] $100,000 Defeatedd Defeated

    Advertising campaigns

    Politico's Scott Brand detailed the activities of the Sixteen Thirty Fund in a July 2018 article:

    “ Added together, the Sixteen Thirty Fund groups have been among the most prolific political advertisers of 2018. They have aired 6,885 broadcast TV ads since Jan. 1, according to Advertising Analytics, a TV tracking firm — more than the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and almost as many as Americans for Prosperity, two of the five biggest nonprofit political advertisers focused on the House and Senate in the first half of this year.


    The network, which has spent over $4.6 million on TV alone, has also been one of the top political advertisers in the country on Facebook, according to a POLITICO analysis of data from the social media company’s new political ad archive.[61][8]

    		”

    Notable endorsements

    See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

    This section displays endorsements this organization made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

    Notable ballot measure endorsements by Sixteen Thirty Fund
    MeasurePositionOutcome
    Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Minimum Wage Increase and Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2024)  source SupportApproved
    Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)  source OpposeDefeated
    Colorado Proposition 118, Paid Medical and Family Leave Initiative (2020)  source SupportApproved
    Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022)  source OpposeDefeated
    Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Amendment (2022)  source SupportApproved
    Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022)  source SupportApproved
    Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)  source SupportApproved
    Montana CI-118, Allow for a Legal Age for Marijuana Amendment (2020)  source SupportApproved
    Montana CI-126, Top-Four Primary Initiative (2024)  source SupportDefeated
    Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)  source SupportDefeated
    Montana I-190, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2020)  source SupportApproved
    Nebraska Initiative 428, Payday Lender Interest Rate Cap Initiative (2020)  source SupportApproved
    Nebraska Initiative 433, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2022)  source SupportApproved
    Ohio Issue 1, 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure (2023)  source 1  source 2  source 3 OpposeDefeated
    Ohio Issue 1, Establish the Citizens Redistricting Commission Initiative (2024)  source SupportDefeated
    Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023)  source SupportApproved
    Oregon Measure 110, Drug Decriminalization and Addiction Treatment Initiative (2020)  source SupportApproved
    Missouri Amendment 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (August 2020)  source SupportApproved

    Finances

    The following is a breakdown of the Sixteen Thirty Fund's revenues and expenses from 2009 to 2023. The information comes from ProPublica.

    Sixteen Thirty Fund financial data 2009-2023
    Year Revenue Expenses
    2009 $4.8 million $4.4 million
    2010 $0 $0.5 million
    2011 $0.1 million $0.1 million
    2012 $0.8 million $0.4 million
    2013 $5.3 million $2.7 million
    2014 $16.5 million $10.9 million
    2015 $5.6 million $8.7 million
    2016 $21.3 million $19.7 million
    2017 $79.6 million $46.9 million
    2018 $143.8 million $141.4 million
    2019 $138.4 million $98.6 million
    2020 $389.7 million $410.0 million
    2021 $190.7 million $173.6 million
    2022 $191.5 million $195.9 million
    2023 $181.4 million $141.3 million


    See also

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Influence Watch, "Articles of Incorporation - Sixteen Thirty Fund," February 19, 2009
    2. ↑ Sixteen Thirty Fund, "Home page," accessed September 3, 2025
    3. ↑ Friends of the Global Fight, "Eric Kessler," accessed September 3, 2025
    4. ↑ Sixteen Thirty Fund, "About us," accessed September 3, 2025
    5. ↑ ProPublica, "Nonprofit Explorer - Sixteen Thirty Fund," accessed September 3, 2025
    6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named website
    7. ↑ Sixteen Thirty Fund, "Our Approach," accessed September 3, 2025
    8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Politico , "Sixteen Thirty Fund saw spending, fundraising dip ahead of 2024," November 14, 2024
    10. ↑ Congressional Integrity Project , "About," accessed August 6, 2025
    11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 NBC News , "Left-leaning nonprofit poured $196 million of secret money into political world in 2022," November 15, 2023
    12. ↑ America Votes , "About," accessed August 6, 2025
    13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Politico, "Liberal dark-money behemoth raised nearly $140M last year," accessed November 24, 2020
    14. ↑ Politico, Arabella Advisors, accessed March 9,2020
    15. ↑ Politico, Arabella Advisors, accessed March 9,2020
    16. ↑ Politico, "Liberal secret-money network hammers House GOP," July 29, 2018
    17. ↑ Politico, "Liberal group launches $5 million push against Trump’s SCOTUS pick," accessed March 13, 2020
    18. ↑ $101,656,942
    19. ↑ APOC Online Reports, "Campaign Disclosure," accessed January 16, 2024
    20. ↑ APOC Online Reports, "Campaign Disclosure," accessed January 16, 2024
    21. ↑ See the Money AZ, "Ballot Measures," accessed April 12, 2024
    22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Missouri Ethics Commission, "Committee Search," accessed May 19, 2024 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "finance" defined multiple times with different content
    23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Montana Campaign Electronic Reporting System, "Montanans for Election Reform," accessed July 1, 2024
    24. ↑ Montana Campaign Electronic Reporting System, "Montanans Securing Reproductive Rights," accessed July 1, 2024
    25. ↑ Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission, "Search," accessed September 9, 2024
    26. ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Citizens Not Politicians Committee Information," accessed July 26, 2024
    27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Oregon Secretary of State, "Committee Search," accessed May 23, 2024 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "financeor" defined multiple times with different content
    28. ↑ Colorado TRACER, "Property Tax Relief Now," accessed August 2, 2023
    29. ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Search," accessed December 21, 2023
    30. ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "Committee Information," accessed December 21, 2023
    31. ↑ State of Alaska, "APOC Online Reports," accessed February 13, 2022
    32. ↑ " accessed February 13, 2022
    33. ↑ Colorado TRACER, "Coloradans for Ballot Transparency," accessed September 6, 2022
    34. ↑ CRIS Search, "SEEC Campaign Reporting Information System (eCRIS)," accessed November 2, 2022
    35. ↑ Kansas Secretary of State, "Campaign Finance Information Search," accessed July 18, 2022
    36. ↑ Kentucky Registry of Election Finance, "Organization Search," July 22, 2022
    37. ↑ Massachusetts Office of Campaign and Political Finance, "Search," accessed September 12, 2022
    38. ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "Michigan Committee Statement Contributions," accessed October 18, 2022
    39. ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "Michigan Committee Statement Contributions," accessed October 18, 2022
    40. ↑ Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission, "Campaign Finance Reports," accessed October 18, 2022
    41. ↑ Oregon Secretary of State, "Statement of Organization Search by Measure / Petition," accessed August 4, 2022
    42. ↑ Vermont Secretary of State, "Campaign Finance Information Search," accessed February 15, 2022
    43. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Tracer: Committee Search," accessed January 16, 2021
    44. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Tracer: Committee Search," accessed January 16, 2021
    45. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Tracer: Committee Search," accessed January 16, 2021
    46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, "Big money begins flowing to campaign to expand Medicaid in Missouri," September 6, 2019 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "slpd1" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "slpd1" defined multiple times with different content
    47. ↑ Omaha World-Herald, "Nebraska petition drive on payday lending gets nearly $500,000 boost from national group," accessed January 2, 2020
    48. ↑ Oregon Secretary of State, "Statement of Organization for Petition Committee," accessed December 15, 2020
    49. ↑ https://www.minimumwage.com/2018/10/99-of-arkansans-for-a-fair-wage-funding-from-outside-arkansas/ Minimum Wage, "99% of “Arkansans for a Fair Wage” funding from outside Arkansas," accessed January 1, 2020]
    50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Colorado Secretary of State, "Tracer Committee Search," accessed October 30, 2018
    51. ↑ Florida Department of State, "Campaign Finance Database," accessed December 11, 2018
    52. ↑ Maine Commission on Government Ethics & Election Practice, "Ballot Question Committee (BQC) List," accessed January 9, 2018
    53. ↑ Michigan Secretary of State, "2018 Ballot Proposals," accessed December 13, 2017
    54. ↑ Nevada Secretary of State, "Nevada Election Administration Committee Campaign Finance," accessed July 17, 2017
    55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.5 North Carolina State Board of Elections & Ethics Enforcement, "Campaign Finance Report Search," accessed July 25, 2018
    56. ↑ This contribution was to a committee opposing the six constitutional amendments in North Carolina in 2018 that are listed in this table.
    57. ↑ Maine Commission of Governmental Ethics & Election Practices, “ Mainers for Health Care! Committee Reports," accessed January 16, 2018
    58. ↑ South Dakota Secretary of State, "Campaign Finance Disclosure Statement South Dakotans for Fair Lending Pre-General," October 28, 2016
    59. ↑ South Dakota Secretary of State, "Campaign Finance Statement," accessed November 4, 2016
    60. ↑ Austin.gov, "Campaign finance search," accessed October 25, 2021
    61. ↑ Politico, "Liberal secret-money network hammers House GOP," July 29, 2018
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