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Nevada State Senate recalls, 2018

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Nevada State Senate recalls, 2018
Recall status
Failed (Woodhouse)
Failed (Cannizzaro)
Failed (Farley)
Table of contents
Timeline
Path to the ballot
See also
External links
Footnotes

In August 2017, three recall efforts were launched to recall three senators in the Nevada State Senate. Recall petitions were filed against Sen. Joyce Woodhouse (D), Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro (D), and Sen. Patricia Farley (nonpartisan).

The recall efforts against Sen. Woodhouse, Sen. Cannizzaro, and Sen. Farley failed to make the ballot. Recall officials announced on April 9, 2018, that neither the Woodhouse or Cannizzaro recall campaigns had the required number of signatures to qualify for the ballot. According to documents filed by Secretary of State Barbara Cegavske (R) on April 6, each recall fell short of the signature threshold by at least 1,500 signatures. More than 2,300 people were removed from the recall petitions after Clark County District Judge Jerry Wiese ruled on March 15, 2018, that they could withdraw their names.[1]

Recall supporters appealed Judge Wiese's decision and on April 19, 2019, the state Supreme rejected that appeal. The lawyers in the case argued over the constitutionality of allowing people to remove their names from a recall petition after it had already been turned in to state officials. The court said that Judge Wiese was correct in his decision to order a full recount of the signatures on the Woodhouse and Cannizzaro recall petitions. The court's decision officially ended the recalls against the two state senators.[2]

The petitions in the three recalls did not cite an official reason, but Nevada law does not require one. According to the The Nevada Independent, Woodhouse was targeted for recall over her support of sanctuary city legislation.[3][4] The reason for the recall against Cannizzaro was unknown. A recall supporter told The Nevada Independent that Farley was targeted for recall over her support of a $1.1 billion tax increase and a prevailing wage exemption bill. The recall against Sen. Farley ended on November 9, 2017, after recall supporters submitted insufficient signatures.[5]

As of November 2017, Nevada was one of 18 states under divided government. Democrats held a 10-9 majority in the state Senate with one nonpartisan member—Farley—caucusing with Democrats and one vacant seat that was previously held by a Democrat. The state House was also controlled by a 27-14 Democratic majority with one vacant seat while Republican Brian Sandoval held the governor's office.

Timeline

  • April 19, 2019: The state Supreme Court rejected the appeal of the recall supporters, officially ending the recalls against Sen. Woodhouse and Sen. Cannizzaro. The court said that Judge Wiese was correct in his decision to order a full recount of the signatures on the Woodhouse and Cannizzaro recall petitions. The recount found that neither recall had the necessary amount of valid signatures to trigger a recall election.[6]
  • March 4, 2019: The state Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the appeal on March 4. The lawyers in the case argued over the constitutionality of allowing people to remove their names from a recall petition after it had already been turned in to state officials.[7]
  • October 17, 2018: According to an audit report, the recall attempts against two Nevada senators should have initially been declared invalid had the state's secretary of state's office used a more effective sampling methodology. State auditors submitted recommendations to the Executive Audit Branch Committee to improve the state's process for verifying signatures for recall petitions.[8]
  • August 31, 2018: Lawyers for the recall supporters filed their opening briefs to appeal to the state Supreme Court a lower court's decision against qualifying the recall petitions to the ballot.[9]
  • May 30, 2018: Supporters of the Woodhouse and Cannizzaro recalls filed a notice in court that they were appealing Jerry Wiese's decision to the state Supreme Court.[10]
  • April 18, 2018: Judge Jerry Wiese ruled that the recalls against Woodhouse and Cannizzaro failed to qualify for the ballot.[11]
  • April 9, 2018: Recall officials announced that the Woodhouse and Cannizzaro recall efforts did not have the necessary signatures to make the ballot.[1]
  • March 15, 2018: Clark County District Judge Jerry Wiese ruled on March 15 that forms submitted by people requesting to have their names removed from the recall petitions targeting state Sen. Joyce Woodhouse (D) and state Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro (D) had to be counted.[12]
  • February 7, 2018: Recall lawsuits were heard in court. Read more here.
  • December 27, 2017: Democrats filed a lawsuit to block the Cannizzaro recall effort.
  • December 19, 2017: The Nevada secretary of state’s office said that enough signatures were submitted to trigger a recall election against Sen. Cannizzaro.
  • November 28, 2017: The Nevada secretary of state’s office said that more work was needed to determine if the Cannizzaro recall will make the ballot. Read more here.[13]
  • November 14, 2017: Supporters submitted 16,875 signatures against Sen. Cannizzaro, exceeding the 14,975 signature threshold needed to trigger a recall election.
  • November 9, 2017: Recall supporters submitted an insufficient number of signatures to force a recall election against Sen. Farley.
  • November 6, 2017: Democrats filed an injunction to block the recall efforts.
  • November 3, 2017: Nevada secretary of state determined 15,444 signatures were valid in the recall against Sen. Woodhouse.
  • October 30, 2017: Supporters submitted 17,502 signatures against Sen. Woodhouse, exceeding the 14,412 signature threshold needed to trigger a recall election.
  • August 2017: Three recall petitions were filed against three separate Nevada state senators.

Path to the ballot

See also: Laws governing recall in Nevada

According to a 2010 court ruling by the Nevada Supreme Court, those who seek to recall public officers must collect signatures of at least 25 percent of the voters who cast their ballot in the election when the officers last won their seats.[14]

If recall supporters submit the necessary amount of signatures, the county registrar’s office will pull a sample size of five percent of the signatures to verify that they are valid. The percentage of valid signatures in the sample will be extrapolated to determine if there are more than enough signatures to force a special election. The county will then submit the signature count to the secretary of state's office. After the secretary of state's office verifies the signatures, recall opponents will have five days to review the signatures and file any legal challenges. During this time, petition signers can also have their names removed from the recall.[15]

Call for a special election

If the secretary of state's office determines that a recall petition is qualified, the filing officer has between 10 and 20 days to issue a call for a special election unless a court complaint has been filed. The special election is held 30 days after the call.

There are two types of special elections that can be held for a recall. (1) If no other candidates are nominated to be voted on in the special election, the ballot will include the public officer's name and office and the words "For Recall" and "Against Recall." (2) If other candidates are nominated to be voted on in the special election, the public officer's name and office and the other candidate names will be printed on the ballot. The words "For Recall" and "Against Recall" are omitted from the ballot.[15]

Legal challenges

Democratic injunction

Attorneys for Nevada Democrats on November 6, 2017, filed a request for a preliminary injunction to block the recall efforts against the three state senators. At the time of the filing, three recall petitions were underway against the three state senators, but the recall against Sen. Patricia Farley (nonpartisan) submitted insufficient signatures on November 9, 2017. The recalls against Cannizzaro and Sen. Joyce Woodhouse (D) were still ongoing. The injunction was similar to the lawsuit that Democrats filed in October over the recall efforts. Attorneys Marc Elias and Bradley Schrager argued in the request that if special elections were needed in the recalls, it would “burden, abridge, and deny the fundamental right to vote” for voters in the three state Senate districts.”[16] U.S District Court Judge James Mahan set a hearing for the injunction on November 29, 2017.[17]

On November 17, 2017, Democrats filed an order to delay the November 29 hearing until the court could take action on a separate lawsuit involving the Woodhouse recall. On November 21, 2017, Judge Mahan agreed to indefinitely delay the hearing for an injunction.[18]

Woodhouse lawsuit

Nevada Democrats also collected signatures from people who signed the Woodhouse recall petition but wanted their name removed from the list. The deadline to submit those signatures or challenge any signatures was on November 13, 2017.[19] On November 13, 2017, Democrats filed a lawsuit in Clark County District Court claiming more than 5,500 signatures submitted in the recall against Woodhouse were invalid. Democrats said that more than 2,000 petition signers filed to have their names removed from the Woodhouse recall. The lawsuit also claimed that more than 3,000 signatures submitted in the recall came from people who either were not registered to vote in District 5, did not vote in 2016, or were not registered to vote in Nevada.[20]

Cannizzaro lawsuit

On December 27, 2017, Nevada Democrats filed a lawsuit over the Cannizzaro recall petition. The lawsuit claimed that 1,700 signatures were invalid because the signers did not meet the requirements to sign the petition. It also claimed that 2,225 people have requested to be removed from the recall petition.[21] The lawsuit was heard in court on February 7, 2018.[22]

Result of the lawsuit

Clark County District Judge Jerry Wiese ruled on March 15, 2018, that forms submitted by people requesting to have their names removed from the recall petitions targeting state Sen. Joyce Woodhouse (D) and state Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro (D) had to be counted. The lawsuit argued that more than 2,000 names on the two recall petitions should not be counted because those signatories have filed to have their names removed.[23]

The recall efforts against Sen. Woodhouse, Sen. Cannizzaro, and Sen. Farley failed to make the ballot. Recall officials announced on April 9, 2018, that neither the Woodhouse and Cannizzaro recall campaigns had the required number of signatures to qualify for the ballot. According to documents filed by Secretary of State Barbara Cegavske (R) on April 6, each recall fell short of the signature threshold by at least 1,500 signatures. More than 2,300 people were removed from the recall petitions after Clark County District Judge Jerry Wiese ruled on March 15, 2018, that they could withdraw their names.[1]

On April 18, 2018, Judge Jerry Wiese ruled that the recalls against Woodhouse and Cannizzaro failed. After a recount of the signatures, each recall was found to have an insufficient amount of valid signatures. The review found in the Woodhouse recall that 14,216 signatures and 1,388 submission removal forms were valid. With the induction of the removal forms, the recall fell short of the 14,412 signatures needed to make the ballot by around 1,600 signatures. The review found in the Cannizzaro recall that 14,469 signatures were valid, falling short of qualifying for the ballot by 506 signatures. With the signature removal forms, the Cannizzaro recall fell short of the recall threshold by around 1,900 signatures. In the Cannizzaro recall, 14,975 signatures were needed to make the ballot.[11]

Campaign finance

Recall opponents

In November 2017, the Washington Post reported that the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee had raised almost $1 million to oppose the recalls. The National Democratic Redistricting Committee has also pledged $50,000 to oppose the recall efforts.[24]

Recall supporters

The Republican State Leadership Committee (RSLC) donated $160,000 in support of the recall effort against Sen. Patricia Farley. Matthew Walter, president of the RSLC, said that his organization also donated to the recall committees that tried to recall Woodhouse and Cannizzaro, but did not say how much was given.[25]

Recalls

Joyce Woodhouse recall (failed)

See also: Joyce Woodhouse recall, Nevada State Senate (2017)

Recall supporters submitted 17,502 signatures on October 30, 2017. This exceeded the 14,412 signatures needed to trigger a recall election. The Nevada secretary of state determined 15,444 signatures were valid on November 3, 2017. This recall failed on April 9, 2018, after the Nevada secretary of state’s office determined that insufficient signatures were submitted.[1]

Sen. Joyce Woodhouse (D-5)
Nevada Senate District 5

State Sen. Joyce Woodhouse (D) was elected to the chamber for the second time in 2012. She previously served in the state Senate from 2007 to 2009. She was defeated by Michael Roberson (R) in the 2010 elections.

During the 2017 legislative session, Woodhouse was a co-sponsor of Senate Bill 223 and the main sponsor of Senate Bill 389. Introduced by Sen. Yvanna Cancela (D) on February 27, 2017, SB 223 would have limited the immigration data given to the federal government by local law enforcement. The bill died in the Senate Judiciary Committee during the legislative session. Woodhouse introduced SB 389 on March 20, 2017, and it would have prohibited local and state law enforcement from providing an individual's immigration status to the federal government. The bill would have allowed the federal government to receive the information if a court order was provided or if it could be proven that disclosing the information would lead to a prosecution or would be necessary to protect the public.[26] The legislation died in the Senate Government Affairs Committee during the session.

Recall supporters

The recall effort was initiated by former Republican Assemblyman Stephen Silberkraus; Silberkraus' wife, Chelyn Sawyer; and David Satory. The recall sought to replace Woodhouse with Republican Carrie Buck.[4] Woodhouse defeated Buck in the 2016 general election by a margin of 469 votes, 47.9 percent to 47 percent.

The recall petition did not give a reason for the recall against Sen. Woodhouse, but Henderson resident Cathy Kama told The Nevada Independent that a signature-gatherer who knocked on her door told her that the recall was for Woodhouse's support of sanctuary city legislation.[4] Nevada law does not require a reason to be given for a recall.

Lieutenant Governor Mark Hutchison's (R) law firm, Hutchison & Steffen, represented the recall committees against Sen. Farley, Sen. Joyce Woodhouse, and Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro. Hutchison's chief of staff, Ryan Cherry, confirmed that the lieutenant governor was aware that his law firm was representing the recall supporters but stated that Hutchison would not comment on the recalls until the process played out. Cherry said, "He [Hutchison] supports the voters right to chose [sic] whether to recall or retain an elected official. If 25 percent of voters sign a petition to recall that’s an indication that there is an appetite to hold a recall election. Let the process play out. He trusts Nevada voters." Gov. Brian Sandoval (R) said that he had no plans to support the recall efforts.[27]

List of supporters

Recall opponents

Here was Joyce Woodhouse's official response to the recall effort, filed on August 2, 2017.[29]

“

It has been an honor to be elected three times by the voters of Senate District 5, and I'm proud of what we have accomplished for Nevada kids and families this past legislative session. This is an abuse of the recall process by individuals who are unfortunately still bitter about the results of the last election. I’m grateful to my colleagues and constituents for the outpouring of supportive calls, texts, and tweets. If Republicans do get the required signatures, I’m confident voters will make the same decision they already made last November.[30]

”

After the signatures were submitted, Sen. Woodhouse made the following statement:[19]

“ I will be monitoring the signature verification process closely, and I look forward to defending my record of accomplishment and continuing to fight for my constituents. I’m proud of what we accomplished for Nevada’s children and families working in a bipartisan way with Governor Sandoval this past legislative session. It has been an incredible honor to be elected three times by the voters of Senate District 5, and I’m confident voters would make that same decision again.[30] ”

Of the 11 seats up for election in 2018, Democrats held four seats, Republicans held six seats, and one seat belonged to a nonpartisan member. Sen. Woodhouse represented a district that voted for Hillary Clinton (D) in 2016 by 48 percent to 46 percent.[31] Woodhouse's seat was not up for election again until 2020 when she was term-limited.[32]

List of opponents

Nicole Cannizzaro recall (failed)

See also: Nicole Cannizzaro recall, Nevada State Senate (2017)

Recall supporters submitted 16,875 signatures on November 14, 2017. This exceeded the 14,975 signatures needed to trigger a recall election. The Nevada secretary of state’s office determined on December 19, 2017, that 15,018 signatures were valid after officials removed the signatures of people that submitted petition removal forms.[33][34] This recall failed on April 9, 2018, after the Nevada secretary of state’s office determined that insufficient signatures were submitted.[1]

Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro (D-6)
Nevada Senate District 6

State Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro (D) was elected to the chamber in 2016. Cannizzaro defeated former Assemblywoman Victoria Seaman (R) in the 2016 general election by 1,036 votes, 51 percent to 49 percent. The seat was previously held by Lt. Gov. Mark Hutchison (R). Hutchison was elected to Senate District 6 in 2012 by a margin of 901 votes, 51 percent to 49 percent. After Hutchison was elected as lieutenant governor in 2014, Mark Lipparelli (R) was appointed to the seat but did not seek re-election in 2016.

Recall supporters

The recall effort was initiated by Neil Roth, Claire Roth, and Kathryn McKenzie. The recall sought to replace Cannizzaro with Republican April Becker.[35] Neil Roth is the CEO of Xtreme Green Electric Vehicles.[36]

Lieutenant Governor Mark Hutchison's (R) law firm, Hutchison & Steffen, represented the recall committees against Sen. Patricia Farley, Sen. Joyce Woodhouse, and Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro. Hutchison's chief of staff, Ryan Cherry, confirmed that the lieutenant governor was aware that his law firm was representing the recall supporters but stated that Hutchison would not comment on the recalls until the process plays out. Cherry said, "He [Hutchison] supports the voters right to chose [sic] whether to recall or retain an elected official. If 25 percent of voters sign a petition to recall that’s an indication that there is an appetite to hold a recall election. Let the process play out. He trusts Nevada voters." Gov. Brian Sandoval (R) said that he had no plans to support the recall efforts.[37]

List of supporters

Recall opponents

Below was Nicole Cannizzaro's official response to the recall effort:[38]

“

Nevada Republicans have stooped to a new low by filing this baseless petition, but I'm not surprised by their secretive political games. The shady special interests and cowardly legislators behind this subversion of the recall process don't intimidate me one bit.[30]

”

Of the 11 seats up for election in 2018, Democrats held four seats, Republicans held six seats, and one seat belonged to a nonpartisan member. Sen. Cannizzaro represented a district that voted for Hillary Clinton (D) in 2016 by 50 percent to Donald Trump's 45 percent.[31] Cannizzaro's seat was not up for election again until 2020.

List of opponents

List of opponents

Patricia Farley recall (failed)

See also: Patricia Farley recall, Nevada State Senate (2017)

This recall failed on November 9, 2017, after supporters of the recall did not submit enough signatures to move the recall forward. Recall supporters turned in about 2,000 signatures. At least 7,104 signatures needed to be submitted for the recall to go to the ballot.

Sen. Patricia Farley (I-8)
Nevada Senate District 8

State Sen. Patricia Farley was elected to the chamber in 2014 as a Republican with a margin of victory of 18 percent. Farley announced shortly after the November 2016 general election that she would change her party affiliation from Republican to nonpartisan with the intention of caucusing with Democrats. The change in affiliation came after Democrats gained majorities in both the state Senate and state Assembly.[39]

On June 1, 2015, the Nevada State Legislature passed Senate Bill 483. SB 483 increased taxes by $1.1 billion to fund the state's education system. The state Senate passed the bill by an 18-3 margin, while the state Assembly passed the legislation by a 30-10 vote. Gov. Brian Sandoval (R) signed the bill on June 9, 2015. During the 2015 legislative session, Republicans held the state Senate by an 11-10 margin and the state Assembly by a 24-17 margin with one Libertarian.[5]

On May 19, 2017, the Nevada State Legislature passed Assembly Bill 154. AB 154 would have removed the prevailing wage exemption for school construction and the Nevada System of Higher Education in 2017. The state Senate passed the bill by a 12-9 margin and the Assembly passed the bill by a 25-15 vote. Gov. Brian Sandoval (R) vetoed Assembly Bill 154 on May 25, 2017. During the 2017 legislative session, Democrats held the Senate by an 11-9 margin with one nonpartisan member. Democrats also held the state Assembly by a 27-15 margin.[5]

Recall supporters

The recall effort was initiated by Annalise Castor, Kevin Kean, and John Gibson on August 11, 2017, in response to Farley's support of Senate Bill 483 and Assembly Bill 154. In an interview with The Nevada Independent, Gibson called Farley a "very successful businesswoman," but was upset with her support of Senate Bill 483 and Assembly Bill 154.[40] Annalise Castor was a supporter of Lieutenant Governor Mark Hutchison's 2014 campaign.[41] Kevin Kean is a board member for the Keystone Corporation and John Gibson is the chairman and president of the Keystone board. On the Keystone website, the organization describes itself as a "political action organization for the Nevada Conservative."[42][43] The recall seeks to replace Farley with Jared Glover.[44]

Lieutenant Governor Mark Hutchison's (R) law firm, Hutchison & Steffen, is representing the recall committees against Sen. Farley, Sen. Joyce Woodhouse, and Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro. Hutchison's chief of staff, Ryan Cherry, confirmed that the lieutenant governor was aware that his law firm is representing the recall supporters but stated that Hutchison would not comment on the recalls until the process plays out. Cherry said, "He [Hutchison] supports the voters [sic] right to chose whether to recall or retain an elected official. If 25 percent of voters sign a petition to recall that’s an indication that there is an appetite to hold a recall election. Let the process play out. He trusts Nevada voters." Gov. Brian Sandoval (R) said that he has no plans to support the recall efforts.[45]

List of supporters

Recall opponents

According to The Nevada Independent, Farley called the recall a "stunt" and said that there is no clear reason for the recall.[5] In the interview, Farley said, "In general I think it’s gutter politics at it’s best. I think when you have a party that lacks a substantive policy agenda, and the inability to communicate, with the middle party and their voters, the only opportunity they have is to do politics. The nation is tired of it, and Nevada is tired of it."[5] Farley also announced that she would not seek re-election in 2018 because of family commitments. Of the 11 seats up for election in 2018, Democrats held four seats, Republicans held six seats, and one seat belonged to a nonpartisan member. Sen. Farley represented a district that voted for Hillary Clinton (D) in 2016.[31]

List of opponents

Other state legislative recalls

  • As of April 2018, no recall petitions had been filed against state lawmakers in 2018. Since 2011, 72 recall petitions have been filed against state lawmakers. Eight recalls were successful, nine were defeated at the ballot, and 55 did not go to a vote. A recall election was held on June 5, 2018, against California state Sen. Josh Newman (D). Two Colorado state senators were successfully recalled in 2013.

Recent news

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Nevada recall Senate. These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles.

Nevada State Senate recalls, 2018 - Google News

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The Nevada Independent, "State: Recalls targeting Democratic state senators don't have enough signatures to qualify for ballot," April 9, 2018
  2. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Unanimous Nevada Supreme Court ends recall effort against Democrats," April 19, 2019
  3. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "State Sen. Woodhouse targeted in recall effort related to 'sanctuary city' issue," August 9, 2017
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Petition filed to recall Sen. Joyce Woodhouse of Henderson," August 9, 2017
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 The Nevada Independent, "Second GOP-backed recall attempt targets independent state Sen. Farley," August 11, 2017
  6. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "Supreme Court decision ends Republican-backed attempts to recall state senators," April 19, 2019
  7. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "State Senate recall case targeting Democrats argued before Supreme Court," March 4, 2019
  8. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "Audit: Secretary of State should have initially declared state Senate recall petitions invalid," October 18, 2018
  9. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "13 months later, legal challenges in effort to recall state senators reaches Supreme Court," September 6, 2018
  10. ↑ KNPR, "Backers Of Effort To Recall Democratic Lawmakers To Appeal," May 31, 2018
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 The Nevada Independent, "Judge rules recall efforts targeting state senators dead; possible appeal uncertain," April 18, 2018
  12. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Judge strikes blow against recall of Democratic Nevada senators," March 14, 2018
  13. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Signatures mess means more work needed in Cannizzaro recall effort," November 28, 2017
  14. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Court reverses ruling allowing recall election," July 3, 2010
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Nevada Secretary of State, "Recall guide," accessed November 13, 2017
  16. ↑ Nevada Independent, "Democrats ask federal court to block recall efforts against trio of state senators," November 8, 2017
  17. ↑ Las Vegal Review-Journal, "Recall dud, gubernatorial bid finish busy week in Nevada politics," November 12, 2017
  18. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "Court indefinitely delays oral arguments in federal case challenging recalls of Democratic state senators," October 22, 2017
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Petition targeting state Sen. Woodhouse gets enough signatures for recall election," November 3, 2017
  20. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Democrats file suit claiming Woodhouse recall petition signatures invalid," November 13, 2017
  21. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Opponents of recall say officials failed to follow Nevada law," December 27, 2017
  22. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Campaign 2018: Nevada recall efforts will be heard in court," February 4, 2018
  23. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Judge strikes blow against recall of Democratic Nevada senators," March 14, 2018
  24. ↑ Washington Post, "After losing control a year ago, Nevada GOP is trying to flip state senate through unexplained recall process," November 29, 2017
  25. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "National Republican group funded attempt to recall Farley," December 8, 2017
  26. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "More than 190 bills introduced on Monday, from ESA bill to banning plastic bags," March 20, 2017
  27. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "With law firm involved in state Senate recalls, Lt. Gov. Mark Hutchison still noncommittal: 'Let the process play out,'" August 15, 2017
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 Reno Gazette-Journal, "3rd Nevada senator target of Republicans’ recall petitions," August 17, 2017
  29. ↑ Twitter, "Joyce Woodhouse on August 10, 2017," accessed August 16, 2017
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
  32. ↑ Nevada State Legislature, "Term Limits—impacts on the Nevada Legislature," accessed August 16, 2017
  33. ↑ Nevada Independent, "Secretary of State: Petition to recall Democratic state Sen. Nicole Cannizzaro has enough signatures to trigger election," December 19, 2017
  34. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Signatures mess means more work needed in Cannizzaro recall effort," November 28, 2017
  35. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nvcann
  36. ↑ Las Vegas Review-Journal, "Recall targets a third Nevada senator," August 16, 2017
  37. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "With law firm involved in state Senate recalls, Lt. Gov. Mark Hutchison still noncommittal: 'Let the process play out,'" August 15, 2017
  38. ↑ Twitter, "NV Senate Democrats on August 16, 2017," accessed August 16, 2017
  39. ↑ Las Vegas Sun, "State Sen. Patricia Farley to caucus with Democrats," November 14, 2016
  40. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "Second GOP-backed recall attempt targets independent state Sen. Farley," August 11, 2017
  41. ↑ Hutch for Nevada 2014 campaign website, "RELEASE: 100 Women Launch Women for Hutch Coalition," accessed August 15, 2017
  42. ↑ Keystone Nevada, "Board of Directors," accessed August 15, 2017
  43. ↑ Keystone Nevada, "About us," accessed August 15, 2017
  44. ↑ US News, "Republicans File Petitions to Recall Nevada Senators," August 12, 2017
  45. ↑ The Nevada Independent, "With law firm involved in state Senate recalls, Lt. Gov. Mark Hutchison still noncommittal: 'Let the process play out'," August 15, 2017
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