New York prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2025

Donald Trump indictments, 2023-2025
New York prosecution
Defendant: Donald Trump (R) Prosecutor: Alvin Bragg (D) Judge: Juan Merchan Court: New York Supreme Court
Important datesSentencing: January 10, 2025 Verdict: May 30, 2024 Trial: April 15, 2024 Arraignment: April 4, 2023 Indictment: March 30, 2023
Federal prosecution (classified documents case)
Defendant: Donald Trump (R) Prosecutor: Jack Smith Judge: Aileen Cannon Court: Southern District of Florida
Important datesAppeal dismissed: Nov. 26, 2024 Case dismissed: July 15, 2024 Arraignment: June 13, 2023 Indictment: June 8, 2023
Federal prosecution (2020 election certification case)
Defendant: Donald Trump (R) Prosecutor: Jack Smith Judge: Tanya S. Chutkan Court: United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Important datesCase dismissed: November 25, 2024 Arraignment: August 3, 2023 Indictment: August 1, 2023
Georgia prosecution
Defendant: Donald Trump (R) Prosecutor: N/A (formerly Fani Willis (D)) Judge: Scott McAfee Court: Fulton County Superior Court
Important datesTrial: TBD Arraignment: Waived Indictment: August 14, 2023
See also Noteworthy criminal misconduct in American politics (2023-2024) • Impeachment of Donald Trump, 2021 • Impeachment of Donald Trump, 2019-2020

On May 30, 2024, a Manhattan jury found former President Donald Trump (R) guilty of 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree, making Trump the first U.S. president to ever be indicted on and convicted of felony crimes after his time in office. Trump's sentencing took place on January 10, 2025. Judge Juan Merchan sentenced Trump to an unconditional discharge, meaning Trump would have the conviction on his record, but the sentence carried no jail time, fines, or probation.

Trump responded to the sentence, saying, "The Radical Democrats have lost another pathetic, unAmerican Witch Hunt." Trump said he would appeal the ruling. Trump's legal team can file a notice of appeal within 30 days of his sentencing date, and the appeal would be heard by a New York Appellate Division court.

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg (D) announced the grand jury criminal indictment of Trump on March 30, 2023, . The indictment was unsealed on April 4, showing that the grand jury had voted to charge Trump with 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree. The trial began on April 15, 2024. Judge Juan Merchan presided over the grand jury and the case.

This page contains information about Trump's prosecution in the state of New York. For information about his federal prosecution related to the handling of classified documents, click here, and for information about his federal prosecution related to interference in the certification of the 2020 presidential election, click here. For more information about Trump's prosecution in the state of Georgia, click here.

Timeline

The section below provides a timeline of events related to the indictment of Trump in the state of New York. To see a more detailed overview of trial proceedings, click here.

• January 10, 2025: Judge Juan Merchan sentenced Trump to an unconditional discharge.
• January 9, 2025: The Supreme Court declined to block Trump's sentencing.
• December 17, 2024: Judge Juan Merchan ruled that the Supreme Court's ruling on presidential immunity in Trump v. United States did not nullify the conviction in this case.
• November 22, 2024: Judge Juan Merchan delayed Trump's sentencing, pending filings related to a motion to dismiss. The defense's filing was due on December 2, and the prosecution's filing was due on December 9, 2024.
• September 6, 2024: Judge Juan Merchan delayed Trump's delayed Trump's sentencing from Sept. 18 to Nov. 26 to allow for an appeal related to the Supreme Court's ruling on presidential immunity in Trump v. United States to be settled.
• June 25, 2024: Merchan partially lifted the gag order in this case, allowing public statements about witnesses and the jury in the trial.
• May 30, 2024: The jury found Trump guilty of all 34 counts of falsifying business records.
• May 29, 2024: The jury began deliberating on a verdict. Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
• May 28, 2024: The prosecution and defense delivered closing arguments. Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
• May 21, 2024: The defense finished calling witnesses to the stand. Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
• May 20, 2024: The prosecution finished calling witnesses to the stand, and the defense began calling witnesses. Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
• May 6, 2024: Merchan found that Trump had violated the gag order in this case. Merchan fined Trump $1,000. Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
• April 30, 2024: Merchan found that Trump had violated the gag order in this case nine times. Merchan fined Trump $9,000. Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
• April 22, 2024: The prosecution and defense delivered opening statements. The prosecution's witnesses began taking the stand. Click here to read more about the daily trial proceedings.
• April 19, 2024: Jury selection was completed.
• April 15, 2024: The trial began. The first day of the trial included hearings on pre-trial motions and the start of jury selection.
• April 1, 2024: Merchan expanded an order limiting public statements Trump can make about individuals involved with the case. Trump was barred from making certain statements about Bragg's and Merchan's families.
• March 26, 2024: Merchan issued an order limiting public statements Trump can make about court staff, jurors, witnesses, lawyers in the district attorney's office, and their families.
• March 25, 2024: Merchan held a hearing to determine whether the trial date should be further delayed. Merchan confirmed the trial would begin on April 15, 2024.
• March 15, 2024: Merchan delayed the start of the trial by 30 days following the disclosure of more than 100,000 additional pages of records. He stated a new date would be set if more time was necessary to review the pages.
• February 15, 2024: Trump attended a hearing regarding trial scheduling. Merchan confirmed the trial would begin on March 25 with jury selection.
• May 8, 2023: Merchan issued a ruling saying parties to the case who receive evidence provided by the defense, including Trump, "shall not copy, disseminate, or disclose the Covered Materials, in any form or by any means, to any third party (except to those employed by counsel to assist in the defense of the above-captioned criminal proceeding) including, but not limited to, by disseminating or posting the Covered Materials to any news or social media platforms, including, but not limited, to Truth Social, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Twitter, Snapchat, or YouTube, without prior approval from the Court." Merchan said Trump could still make general public comments about the case.
• May 4, 2023: Merchan heard arguments regarding whether the court should limit public comments from participants in the case, including from Trump, about the evidence in the case.
• April 4, 2023: Trump was arraigned and pleaded not guilty to the criminal charges. The indictment was unsealed, showing the grand jury had voted to indict Trump on 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree.
• March 30, 2023: Bragg issued a statement saying the grand jury had indicted Trump on criminal charges.
• March 18, 2023: Trump posted on Truth Social saying he expected to be arrested in relation to this case on March 21.
• January 2023: The grand jury for this case was empaneled.
• December 6, 2022: The Trump Organization was found guilty of 17 counts of tax fraud in a jury trial before the New York Supreme Court 1st Judicial District. Bragg led the prosecution in the case and Judge Juan Merchan presided over the trial.
• January 1, 2022: Bragg assumed office as Manhattan District Attorney.

Legal team

Trump's defense attorneys in the case were Todd Blanche and Susan Necheles. Blanche was an assistant U.S. attorney in the Southern District of New York from 2006 to 2014. He later worked as counsel at WilmerHale and partner at Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP. Necheles was a managing partner at NechelesLaw, LLP.

Trial proceedings

Click each date below to view a transcript of court proceedings. Any witnesses who appeared before the court are also listed beneath the date they appeared.

• May 30, 2024
• May 29, 2024
• May 28, 2024
• May 21, 2024
  • Robert Costello, former federal prosecutor
• May 20, 2024
  • Michael Cohen, former lawyer for Trump
  • Daniel Sitko, paralegal at Blanche Law
  • Robert Costello, former federal prosecutor
• May 16, 2024:
  • Michael Cohen, former lawyer for Trump
• May 14, 2024
  • Michael Cohen, former lawyer for Trump
• May 13, 2024
  • Michael Cohen, former lawyer for Trump
• May 10, 2024
  • Madeleine Westerhout, former personal secretary to Trump
  • Daniel Dixon, AT&T employee
  • Jennie Tomalin, Verizon employee
  • Georgia Longstreet, paralegal in Manhattan district attorney's office
  • Jaden Jarmel-Schneider, paralegal in Manhattan district attorney's office
• May 9, 2024:
  • Stormy Daniels, porn actress and director
  • Rebecca Manochio, Trump Organization bookkeeper
  • Tracey Menzies, HarperCollins Publishers senior vice president
  • Madeleine Westerhout, former personal secretary to Trump
• May 7, 2024
  • Stormy Daniels, porn actress and director
• May 6, 2024
  • Jeffrey McConney, former Trump Organization corporate controller
  • Deborah Tarasoff, Trump Organization accounts payable supervisor
• May 3, 2024:
  • Douglas Daus, forensic analyst
  • Georgia Longstreet, paralegal in Manhattan district attorney's office
  • Hope Hicks, former advisor to Trump
• May 2, 2024
  • Keith Davidson, attorney who represented Karen McDougal and Stormy Daniels
  • Douglas Daus, forensic analyst
• April 30, 2024
  • Gary Farro, banker at First Republic Bank
  • Robert Browning, executive director of C-SPAN archives
  • Phillip Thompson, executive at a court reporting company
  • Keith Davidson, attorney who represented Karen McDougal and Stormy Daniels
• April 26, 2024
  • David Pecker, former National Enquirer publisher
  • Rhona Graff, Trump's former executive assistant
  • Gary Farro, banker at First Republic Bank
• April 25, 2024
  • David Pecker, former National Enquirer publisher
• April 23, 2024
  • David Pecker, former National Enquirer publisher
• April 22, 2024
  • David Pecker, former National Enquirer publisher

Statements in response to the verdict

The section below provides full statements in response to the verdict from Trump, Bragg, President Joe Biden (D), and congressional leadership.

Former President Donald Trump (R)

“

This was a disgrace. This was a rigged trial by a conflicted judge who was corrupt. It's a rigged trial, a disgrace. They wouldn't give us a venue change. We were at 5% or 6% in this district, in this area. This was a rigged, disgraceful trial. The real verdict is going to be November 5th by the people. And they know what happened here, and everybody knows what happened here. You have a Soros-backed DA, and the whole thing, we didn't do a thing wrong. I'm a very innocent man, and it's okay, I'm fighting for our country. I'm fighting for our Constitution. Our whole country is being rigged right now. This was done by the Biden administration in order to wound or hurt an opponent, a political opponent. And I think it's just a disgrace. And we'll keep fighting. We'll fight till the end, and we'll win because our country has gone to hell. We don't have the same country anymore. We have a divided mess. We're a nation in decline, serious decline, millions and millions of people pouring into our country right now from prisons and from mental institutions, terrorists, and they're taking over our country. We have a country that's in big trouble. But this was a rigged decision right from Day One. With a conflicted judge who should have never been allowed to try this case. Never. And we will fight for our Constitution. This is long from over. Thank you very much.

”

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg (D)

“

Good evening. First and foremost I want to thank the jury for its service. Jurors perform a fundamental civic duty. Their service is literally the cornerstone of our judicial system. We should all be thankful for the careful attention that this jury paid to the evidence and the law, and their time and commitment over these past several weeks. Twelve everyday New Yorkers and, of course, our alternates, heard testimony from twenty-two witnesses, including former and current employees of the defendant, media executives, book publishers, custodians of records, and others. They reviewed call logs, text messages, and emails. They heard recordings. They saw checks and invoices, bank statements, and calendar appointments. This type of white-collar prosecution is core to what we do at the Manhattan District Attorney's Office. In the 1930s, District Attorney Thomas Dewey ushered in the era of the modern independent professional prosecutor. For now nearly ninety years, dedicated professionals in this office have built upon that fine tradition. A major part of our practice during that nearly ninety years has been public integrity work. Including cases involving jurists, local and state electeds, public servants, and others. I want to thank this phenomenal prosecution team. Embodying the finest traditions of this office: professionalism, integrity, dedication, and service. They are model public servants and I am proud and humbled to serve side by side with them. The twelve everyday jurors vowed to make a decision based on the evidence and the law, and the evidence and the law alone. Their deliberations led them to a unanimous conclusion, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant, Donald J. Trump, is guilty of 34 counts of falsifying business records in the first degree to conceal a scheme to corrupt the 2016 election. While this defendant may be unlike any other in American history, we arrived at this trial and, ultimately, today at this verdict in the same manner as every other case that comes through the courtroom doors: by following the facts, and the law, and doing so without fear or favor. I want to conclude by expressing deep gratitude to the NYPD and the officers of the Office of Court Administration for securing the courthouse, all of our safety, making sure the courthouse, and all of the other matters that are important in their own right, continued seamlessly. They will continue to be and have always been incredible partners. Thank you.

”

President Joe Biden (D)

“

I just want to say a few words about what happened yesterday in New York City. The American principle that no one is above the law was reaffirmed. Donald Trump was given every opportunity to defend himself. It was a state case. Not a federal case. And it was heard by a jury of twelve citizens. Twelve Americans. Twelve people like you. Like millions of Americans who served on juries. This jury was chosen the same way every jury in America has chosen. It was a process that Donald Trump's attorney was a part of. The jury heard five weeks of evidence. Five weeks. After careful deliberation, the jury reached a unanimous verdict. The found Donald Trump guilty on all 34 felony counts. Now he'll be given the opportunity as he should to appeal that decision, just like everyone else has that opportunity. That's how the American system of justice works. And it's reckless, it's dangerous, it's irresponsible for anyone to say this was rigged just because they don't like the verdict. Our justice system has endured for nearly 250 years. And it literally is the cornerstone of America. Our justice system should be respected and we should never allow anyone to tear it down. It's as simple as that. That's America. That's who we are. And that's who we'll always be, God willing.

”

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.)

“

No one is above the law. The verdict speaks for itself.

”

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.)

“

America is a nation built upon the rule of law. The jury has spoken and carefully rendered a decision. Responsible leadership requires the verdict to be respected.

”

Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.)

“

These charges never should have been brought in the first place. I expect the conviction to be overturned on appeal.

”

House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.)

“

Today is a shameful day in American history. Democrats cheered as they convicted the leader of the opposing party on ridiculous charges, predicated on the testimony of a disbarred, convicted felon. This was a purely political exercise, not a legal one. The weaponization of our justice system has been a hallmark of the Biden Administration, and the decision today is further evidence that Democrats will stop at nothing to silence dissent and crush their political opponents. The American people rightfully see this is lawfare, and they know it is—and dangerous. President Trump will rightfully appeal this absurd verdict—and he WILL WIN.

”

Statements in response to the indictment

The section below provides full statements in response to the indictment from Trump, Bragg, and congressional leadership.

Former President Donald Trump (R)

“

This is Political Persecution and Election Interference at the highest level in history. From the time I came down the golden escalator at Trump Tower, and even before I was sworn in as your President of the United States, the Radical Left Democrats - the enemy of the hard-working men and women of this Country - have been engaged in a Witch-Hunt to destroy the Make America Great Again movement. You remember it just like I do: Russia, Russia, Russia; the Mueller Hoax; Ukraine, Ukraine, Ukraine; Impeachment Hoax 1; Impeachment Hoax 2; the illegal and unconstitutional Mar-a-Lago raid; and now this. The Democrats have lied, cheated and stolen in their obsession with trying to ‘Get Trump,’ but now they’ve done the unthinkable - indicting a completely innocent person in an act of blatant Election Interference. Never before in our Nation’s history has this been done. The Democrats have cheated countless times over the decades, including spying on my campaign, but weaponizing our justice system to punish a political opponent, who just so happens to be a President of the United States and by far the leading Republican candidate for President, has never happened before. Ever. Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg, who was hand-picked and funded by George Soros, is a disgrace. Rather than stopping the unprecedented crime wave taking over New York City, he’s doing Joe Biden’s dirty work, ignoring the murders and burglaries and assaults he should be focused on. This is how Bragg spends his time! I believe this Witch-Hunt will backfire massively on Joe Biden. The American people realize exactly what the Radical Left Democrats are doing here. Everyone can see it. So our Movement, and our Party - united and strong - will first defeat Alvin Bragg, and then we will defeat Joe Biden, and we are going to throw every last one of these Crooked Democrats out of office so we can MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!

”

Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg (D)

“

The People of the State of New York allege that Donald J. Trump repeatedly and fraudulently falsified New York business records to conceal crimes that hid damaging information from the voting public during the 2016 presidential election. Manhattan is home to the country’s most significant business market. We cannot allow New York businesses to manipulate their records to cover up criminal conduct. As the Statement of Facts describes, the trail of money and lies exposes a pattern that, the People allege, violates one of New York’s basic and fundamental business laws. As this office has done time and time again, we today uphold our solemn responsibility to ensure that everyone stands equal before the law.

”

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.)

“

Mr. Trump is subject to the same laws as every American. He will be able to avail himself of the legal system and a jury, not politics, to determine his fate according to the facts and the law. There should be no outside political influence, intimidation or interference in the case. I encourage both Mr. Trump’s critics and supporters to let the process proceed peacefully and according to the law.

”

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.)

“

The preeminence of the rule of law is central to the integrity of our democracy. It must be applied equally without fear or favor. The indictment of a former President is a serious moment for the nation. A jury of Donald Trump’s peers will now determine his legal fate.

”

Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.)

“

Alvin Bragg has irreparably damaged our country in an attempt to interfere in our Presidential election. As he routinely frees violent criminals to terrorize the public, he weaponized our sacred system of justice against President Donald Trump. The American people will not tolerate this injustice, and the House of Representatives will hold Alvin Bragg and his unprecedented abuse of power to account.

”

Media commentary

The section below provides media commentary in response to the indictment in March and April 2023.

“	One thing is absolutely certain — we don’t know anything about the strength or provenance of the case because the District Attorney brought 34 counts. That’s puffery — the number of counts doesn’t have a material impact on the sentence and won’t significantly alter what evidence is admissible. The DA could have brought a half-dozen counts and covered his bases and lost nothing. [...] As the cases progresses, Bragg will be forced to show his hand (likely in response to motions by Trump) and we’ll learn more about his specific theories and their chance of success. For now, be skeptical of certain predictions.	”
—Ken White, Rolling Stone (April 4, 2023)

“	We now have the indictment, and it is basically what many of us anticipated. It is a series of stacked counts of falsifying business records for the purpose of influencing the election. The indictment seems to address the lack of legal precedent with a lack of specificity on the underlying 'secondary' felony. Bragg has done nothing more than replicate the same flawed theory dozens of times. This is where math and the law meet. If you multiply any number by zero, it is still zero. If the New York bench retains any integrity, this case will be thrown out as legally improper with an admonition to Bragg and his office for politicizing the criminal justice process.	”
—Jonathan Turley, Fox News (April 4, 2023)

“	Mr. Bragg’s bringing a state case concerning a federal campaign is hardly novel. In an abundance of caution, he not only alleges violations of state campaign finance law but also alleges federal violations. We believe that is permitted, given that the fraudulent books and records and other relevant statutes refer simply to covering up 'another crime' or using 'unlawful means' and do not specify whether they need be federal or state. This approach is wise because to throw out the case, a judge would have to rule that Mr. Trump is covered by neither state nor federal campaign finance law. [...] Mr. Trump cannot persuasively argue he is being singled out for some unprecedented theory of prosecution. He is being treated as any other New Yorker would be with similar evidence against him.	”
—Karen Friedman Agnifilo and Norman Eisen, The New York Times (April 4, 2023)

“	It’s perfectly obvious that Alvin Bragg’s indictment helps Trump. It’s a flimsy theory of the law, and it reeks of political overreach. That it’s being offered by a soft-on-crime, Soros-backed district attorney makes it all the more thrilling for conservatives to oppose it. [...] Trump’s camp will make the argument that Trump’s persecution is a sign of his authentic challenge to the system. They will connect Trump’s legal problems to the general conservative suspicion that government is being weaponized against conservatives. Populist leaders thrive on this identification with their supporters. All persecution is held to be shared between them — they’re going after me, because they want to continue to run a government that doesn’t serve you.	”
—Michael Brendan Dougherty, National Review (March 31, 2023)

“	It’s tempting to allow ourselves to feel inured to Trump’s authoritarian antics, but we should never lose our ability to recoil at what he’s doing. Trump isn’t attacking the law; he’s attacking the rule of law. Instead of availing himself of the process afforded to every citizen who is accused of a crime, he’s calling for Bragg’s arrest. Instead of using his overwhelming resources to fight the charges, he’s using his platform—and an endless supply of free media coverage—to spread lies and misinformation about the entire justice system. [...] If he didn’t commit these crimes, Trump should beat the charges. If Bragg’s case is weak or on shaky legal ground, Trump should beat the charges. And if Trump doesn’t think he can beat these charges, he should plead guilty and pay a fine.	”
—Elie Mystal, The Nation (April 13, 2023)

“	Mr. Trump is being indicted for conduct that happened in 2016. Federal prosecutors already examined this activity and apparently decided to let it drop. Seven years later, after a halting local investigation, an elected Democratic DA has indicted Mr. Trump, in a case that could finally come to a resolution right in the middle of the 2024 primaries. The question that keeps smacking us upside the head is whether this case would have been brought against any defendant not named Donald Trump. It’s hard to avoid answering no. How it will affect Mr. Trump’s 2024 candidacy is anyone’s guess. Maybe the better question is how it will affect the public’s view of justice.	”
—Editorial Board, Wall Street Journal (April 4, 2023)

Text of the indictment

The section below provides the text of the indictment released on April 4, 2023.

What a grand jury does

A grand jury is defined as "a group of people who look at the evidence against someone who has been accused of a crime in order to decide if there should be a trial."

Prosecutors present evidence to a grand jury, which decides whether there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed. Grand juries are made up of 16 to 23 people, who serve for a period of one month up to one year.

Federal grand jury sessions are held in private, usually not in the presence of the alleged criminal. Grand juries may request additional evidence such as witness testimony or documents to investigate on their own unimpeded by outside influence.

The Supreme Court case United States v. Williams (1992) said that a grand jury is "a kind of buffer or referee between the Government and the people." It decides if there is enough evidence to formally charge a suspect with a crime.

See also

• Noteworthy criminal misconduct in American politics (2023-2024)
• Donald Trump
• Donald Trump indictments, 2023-2025
• Federal prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2024 (classified documents case)
• Federal prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2024 (2020 election certification case)
• Georgia prosecution of Donald Trump, 2023-2024
• Impeachment of Donald Trump, 2021
• Impeachment of Donald Trump, 2019-2020

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