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States and cities with statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
| Police hiring, training, and discipline |
|---|
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| • Police collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) • Ballotpedia CBA dashboard •Reform proposals •CBA areas of inquiry and disagreement •Arguments about police collective bargaining • Index of articles about criminal justice policy |
| Click here for more analysis of police hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements by state and city on Ballotpedia |
This page contains information from a Ballotpedia analysis about which states and cities have statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions. It is part of an analysis of police union collective bargaining agreements and related arrangements with police unions concerning hiring, training, and disciplinary requirements in the 50 states and top 100 cities by population.
According to the analysis, five states and ten cities have statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions as of December 2023.
This page features the following sections:
Maps
Map showing states with statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
Map showing cities with statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
Background
Through the lens of more than 30 research questions related to police hiring, training, and discipline, Ballotpedia examined the collective bargaining agreements, statutes, and regulatory codes governing the 50 states and the top 100 US cities by population.
Some of the hiring, training, and discipline standards for police officers not established by statutes or regulations arise from negotiations with police unions. Those negotiations are often codified in collective bargaining agreements. Those agreements are the contracts that states and cities sign following negotiations with police unions. Some states and cities restrict collective bargaining, but may still negotiate with police unions using other methods. After negotiating with the unions, those jurisdictions sometimes establish police standards through documents including memoranda of understanding or meet and confer agreements.
You can find lists of all the collective bargaining agreements and other documents used by Ballotpedia for this survey here for states and here for cities.
Summary of findings
Ballotpedia's analysis of state and city union policies produced the following key takeaways (as of December 2023):
- There are five states and 10 cities with statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
- There are 45 states and 91 cities that do not have statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
Results
The tables below include each state and city in alphabetical order and indicate those that have statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions. To see the provisions Ballotpedia used to support these results, click here.
- YES means that the jurisdiction has statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
- NO means that the jurisdiction does not have statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
- UNKNOWN means that Ballotpedia could not verify whether the jurisdiction had statutes or regulations that prohibit collective bargaining with police unions
- FOIA DENIED means that the jurisdiction rejected Ballotpedia's request to review any collective bargaining agreements
| State | prohibit-cba |
|---|---|
| Alabama | NO |
| Alaska | NO |
| Arizona | NO |
| Arkansas | NO |
| California | NO |
| Colorado | NO |
| Connecticut | NO |
| Delaware | NO |
| District of Columbia | NO |
| Florida | NO |
| Georgia | YES |
| Hawaii | NO |
| Idaho | NO |
| Illinois | NO |
| Indiana | NO |
| Iowa | NO |
| Kansas | NO |
| Kentucky | NO |
| Louisiana | NO |
| Maine | NO |
| Maryland | NO |
| Massachusetts | NO |
| Michigan | NO |
| Minnesota | NO |
| Mississippi | NO |
| Missouri | NO |
| Montana | NO |
| Nebraska | NO |
| Nevada | NO |
| New Hampshire | NO |
| New Jersey | NO |
| New Mexico | NO |
| New York | NO |
| North Carolina | YES |
| North Dakota | NO |
| Ohio | NO |
| Oklahoma | NO |
| Oregon | NO |
| Pennsylvania | NO |
| Rhode Island | NO |
| South Carolina | YES |
| South Dakota | NO |
| Tennessee | YES |
| Texas | YES |
Allows for cities, but not for state officials | |
| Utah | NO |
| Vermont | NO |
| Virginia | NO |
| Washington | NO |
| West Virginia | NO |
| Wisconsin | NO |
| Wyoming | NO |
See also
Footnotes
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